Automatic epinephrine injection patch for cardiovascular first aid

Abstract

The invention provides an epinephrine automatic injection patch and method for cardiovascular first aid, and the injection patch comprises a flexible biosensing layer which obtains the subcutaneous impedance value and vital sign parameters of a patient; the microneedle array is used for adjusting the penetration depth based on the subcutaneous impedance value and controlling the deformation quantity through a piezoelectric actuator; the micro-fluidic pulse drug delivery module is connected with the micro-needle array and is used for executing pulse type drug injection according to the penetration depth; and the control module is used for judging an autonomous circulation recovery state based on the vital sign parameters and triggering the microfluidic pulse administration module to stop injection. According to the application, by constructing a first-aid closed loop of'multi-mode physical sign dynamic monitoring-self-adaptive microneedle administration-ROSC intelligent termination ', the response speed of epinephrine injection is increased, the bioavailability is improved, the risk of excessive medication is reduced, and the gold rescue efficiency and the neurological function prognosis rate of pre-hospital cardiac arrest patients are remarkably improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application belongs to the field of emergency care, and in particular relates to an automatic adrenaline injection patch for cardiovascular emergency care. Background Technology

[0002] Cardiovascular disease has become the leading cause of death worldwide. Critical conditions such as acute myocardial infarction and cardiac arrest, with their extremely short golden window for rescue, pose severe challenges to the timeliness and accuracy of pre-hospital emergency care. Traditional emergency methods rely on medical personnel manually injecting adrenaline, which presents the following technical bottlenecks:

[0003] In pre-hospital emergency care scenarios, relying on manual assessment of vital signs and operation of syringes can easily lead to delayed drug administration and miss the best rescue opportunity.

[0004] The effects of adrenaline on myocardial contractility and peripheral vascular resistance are dose-dependent. Traditional single-dose injection methods are difficult to achieve dynamic dose adjustment and are prone to complications such as arrhythmia and pulmonary edema.

[0005] Manual injection requires repeated punctures, which can cause skin damage, increased pain, and even vasospasm, reducing the success rate of emergency treatment.

[0006] Existing emergency medical equipment mostly relies on independent vital sign monitors and injection devices, requiring manual data correlation for decision-making, and cannot achieve real-time closed-loop control.

[0007] In recent years, the development of micro-nano technology and flexible electronics has provided a technological path for the innovation of emergency medical equipment. Flexible biosensing technology can realize continuous non-invasive monitoring of multimodal vital signs; the combination of microneedle arrays and piezoelectric actuators can overcome the limitations of traditional syringes in adapting to the mechanical properties of the skin; microfluidic pulsed drug delivery technology can simulate physiological drug delivery patterns by precisely controlling fluid shear force and injection rate.

[0008] However, existing technologies have not yet solved the problem of closed-loop control of the entire process of dynamic monitoring, adaptive drug administration, and efficacy assessment. In particular, in cardiovascular emergency scenarios, the lack of an intelligent termination mechanism based on the patient's real-time physiological status leads to the risk of overdrug administration. Summary of the Invention

[0009] The purpose of this application is to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art and provide an automatic adrenaline injection patch for cardiovascular emergency treatment.

[0010] This application provides an auto-injection patch for cardiovascular emergency care, comprising:

[0011] The flexible biosensing layer 101 integrates ECG electrodes, a blood oxygen sensor, a skin conductivity sensor, and a temperature sensor to acquire the patient's subcutaneous impedance value and vital sign parameters.

[0012] The microneedle array, made of deformable biodegradable material, adjusts the insertion depth based on the subcutaneous impedance value and controls the deformation through a piezoelectric actuator;

[0013] The microfluidic pulse drug delivery module 103 is connected to the microneedle array and performs pulsed drug injection according to the insertion depth.

[0014] The control module 104 is used to determine the state of spontaneous circulation recovery based on the vital signs parameters and to trigger the microfluidic pulse drug delivery module 103 to terminate the injection.

[0015] Optionally, the flexible biosensing layer 101 includes:

[0016] The electrocardiogram (ECG) electrodes are composed of a polyimide substrate, silver nanowire conductors, and a polydimethylsiloxane encapsulation layer, and the ECG electrodes adopt a three-electrode differential layout of sternal manubrium-apex-right subclavian.

[0017] Optionally, the needles of the microneedle array have a conical hollow structure and are formed by photolithography molding of PLGA-PEG copolymer.

[0018] Optionally, the microfluidic pulse drug delivery module 103 includes a dual-chamber drug storage structure, with the main chamber containing adrenaline and the secondary chamber containing sodium bicarbonate buffer solution, and the two chambers being separated by a rupture membrane.

[0019] Optionally, the control module 104 further includes a biometric liveness detection unit for activating injection permission when the impedance phase angle is >10° at 100kHz.

[0020] This application also provides an automated epinephrine injection method for cardiovascular emergency care, comprising:

[0021] The patient's subcutaneous impedance value and multimodal vital signs parameters, including electrocardiogram signal, blood oxygen saturation, skin conductivity and body surface temperature, are obtained through the flexible biosensor layer 101.

[0022] The target deformation of the microneedle array is calculated based on the subcutaneous impedance value, and the insertion depth is dynamically adjusted by a piezoelectric actuator.

[0023] The microfluidic pulse drug delivery module 103 is generated based on the insertion depth to perform high-frequency-low-frequency alternating pulsed drug injection.

[0024] Real-time monitoring of the autonomous circulatory recovery characteristics in the multimodal vital signs parameters;

[0025] When the autonomous circulation recovery feature is detected to meet a preset threshold, the pulsed drug injection is terminated.

[0026] Optionally, the electrocardiogram signal is acquired by a three-electrode differential method from the manubrium sternosum to the apex of the heart to the right subclavian region, and the substrate material of the flexible biosensor layer 101 is polyimide, the lead wire is silver nanowire, and the encapsulation layer is polydimethylsiloxane.

[0027] Optionally, the deformation of the microneedle array is determined by the linear relationship between the degradation rate of the PLGA-PEG copolymer and the subcutaneous impedance value, and the insertion depth error is controlled within ±10μm.

[0028] Optionally, the initial stage of the pulsed drug injection uses a 10Hz high-frequency pulse to penetrate the epidermal barrier, and the maintenance stage switches to a 1Hz low-frequency pulse to promote drug diffusion. Furthermore, adrenaline and sodium bicarbonate buffer are mixed at a volume ratio of 3:1 before injection.

[0029] Optionally, the biometric liveness verification step involves applying a 10Hz-1MHz sweep frequency signal to the attachment area. When the impedance phase angle at a frequency of 100kHz is greater than 10°, the data acquisition function of the flexible biosensor layer 101 is activated.

[0030] The beneficial effects of this application are:

[0031] Invention point:

[0032] 1. Adjust the insertion depth according to the real-time subcutaneous impedance to ensure effective drug delivery while avoiding tissue damage.

[0033] 2. By using a multi-parameter fusion algorithm to determine the recovery of autonomous circulation, the drug administration is automatically stopped to prevent overdose. Combined with dynamic decision-making based on physiological parameters, safety is improved.

[0034] This application provides an automated epinephrine injection patch for cardiovascular emergency care, comprising: a flexible biosensor layer 101 integrating ECG electrodes, a blood oxygen sensor, a skin conductivity sensor, and a temperature sensor to acquire the patient's subcutaneous impedance value and vital sign parameters; a microneedle array made of deformable biodegradable material, adjusting the insertion depth based on the subcutaneous impedance value and controlling the deformation via a piezoelectric actuator; a microfluidic pulsed drug delivery module 103 connected to the microneedle array, performing pulsed drug injection according to the insertion depth; and a control module 104 used to determine the state of spontaneous circulation recovery based on the vital sign parameters and trigger the microfluidic pulsed drug delivery module 103 to terminate the injection. This application constructs an emergency closed loop of "multimodal dynamic monitoring of vital signs - adaptive microneedle drug delivery - ROSC intelligent termination," thereby improving the response speed of epinephrine injection, increasing bioavailability, reducing the risk of overdose, and significantly improving the golden rescue efficiency and neurological prognosis rate for patients with pre-hospital cardiac arrest. Attached Figure Description

[0035] Figure 1This is a schematic diagram of an automatic adrenaline injection patch for cardiovascular emergency treatment according to this application;

[0036] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of an automated adrenaline injection process for cardiovascular emergency treatment according to this application. Detailed Implementation

[0037] Exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure will now be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. While exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure are shown in the drawings, it is to be understood that various forms of implementation of the present disclosure are intended and should not be limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, the embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the disclosure to those skilled in the art.

[0038] Please refer to Figure 1 As shown, this application provides an automatic adrenaline injection patch for cardiovascular emergency treatment. The automatic injection patch includes: a flexible biosensing layer 101, a microneedle array 102, a microfluidic pulsed drug delivery module 103, and a control module 104.

[0039] The flexible biosensing layer 101 integrates a multimodal biosensor array, including ECG electrodes, a blood oxygen sensor, a skin conductance sensor, and a temperature sensor, to simultaneously acquire the patient's subcutaneous impedance value and multidimensional vital sign parameters.

[0040] The sensing layer consists of a flexible polyimide substrate and a high-density sensor array. It is attached to the patient's chest epidermal tissue using a medical-grade biocompatible adhesive to achieve stable contact and signal transmission at the epidermal-sensor interface.

[0041] The automated injection patch utilizes a highly sensitive conductive composite material, enabling real-time acquisition of electrocardiogram signals and detection of abnormal heart rhythms. By integrating a miniaturized LED light source and a photodetector array, a reflective blood oxygen saturation detection module is constructed, allowing for precise measurement of subcutaneous capillary oxyhemoglobin concentration. An interdigital electrode array is employed to measure dynamic changes in skin surface conductivity, quantitatively characterizing the sympathetic nervous system excitation state.

[0042] The temperature sensor, based on a negative temperature coefficient thermistor, can continuously monitor changes in body surface temperature gradient, providing auxiliary diagnostic parameters for peripheral circulation assessment. Multi-source bioelectrical signals are preprocessed by an instrumentation amplifier, then feature frequency bands are extracted using a Butterworth bandpass filter. Finally, an embedded microprocessor fuses the multimodal data to perform impedance phasor calculations and synthesize vital sign parameters.

[0043] The core electrode of the sensing layer employs a serpentine extended structure of Cu-Graphene composite conductive material, forming a heterogeneous sensing network on a polyimide substrate using micro-nano fabrication techniques. An MXene / PPy dual conductive layer interface is constructed on the electrode surface via electrochemical deposition, effectively reducing contact impedance and improving charge transfer efficiency.

[0044] When limb twitching interference with an electromyography (EMG) signal frequency exceeding 50Hz is detected, the system activates a dynamic reverse current compensation algorithm: first, the complex Morlet wavelet time-frequency decomposition technique is used to extract the spectral features of the EMG noise, and then a compensation current signal with a 180° phase difference and amplitude matching is generated to achieve real-time cancellation of motion artifacts.

[0045] The specific implementation steps of the signal processing algorithm are as follows:

[0046]

[0047] Where s is the scale parameter, τ is the translation parameter, and x(t) is the input signal. The complex conjugate of the wavelet basis function ψ(t), This is the lower limit of integration.

[0048] By accurately separating ECG signals from EMG interference through multi-scale frequency domain decomposition, and using phase compensation current to eliminate motion artifacts, the accuracy of R-wave detection is improved, providing a high-quality signal source for subsequent ROSC determination.

[0049] The wavelet basis function is defined as:

[0050]

[0051] The reconstruction of noise components is achieved through inverse transform:

[0052]

[0053] Where α is the adjustment coefficient. Taking the real part of the complex number, W(s,t) represents the values ​​of the wavelet transform coefficients at scale s and time t, and Z represents the dynamic change of the subcutaneous impedance phase angle. The instantaneous rate of change of the natural logarithm of the impedance phase angle is given by .

[0054] The composite electrode with optimized heterojunction interface exhibits strain insensitivity of 0.05% / Pa, which, combined with an adaptive compensation algorithm, improves the accuracy of the compensation current output.

[0055] The microneedle array 102102 is made of deformable biodegradable material. Its puncture depth is dynamically adjusted according to the real-time detected subcutaneous impedance value, and the deformation is controlled in a closed loop through a piezoelectric drive system.

[0056] The microneedle array 102 is constructed based on biodegradable deformable materials and is pre-loaded with emergency medication modules. It achieves adaptive control of puncture depth by relying on an intelligent feedback adjustment mechanism.

[0057] The microneedles have a conical hollow geometry and their substrate material has externally driven response characteristics, which can generate a controllable deformation response.

[0058] When a high subcutaneous tissue impedance value is detected, the system automatically increases the puncture depth to achieve stratum corneum penetration; when the impedance value decreases, the puncture depth is dynamically reduced to prevent damage to deep tissues.

[0059] Impedance-wavelength mapping relationship:

[0060]

[0061] A linear feedback mechanism between impedance change ΔZ and puncture wavelength λ was established to achieve dynamic adjustment of microneedle puncture depth, breaking through the limitations of traditional fixed puncture mode in adapting to complex skin conditions.

[0062] Where λ(Z) is the wavelength, and v represents the sound wave propagation speed (m / s). Where is the sensor reference frequency (MHz), k represents the impedance-frequency shift conversion coefficient, and ΔZ = Zdermis − Zskin (Z is the impedance measurement value).

[0063] When the critical condition is met:

[0064]

[0065] The system will automatically switch to Love Wave mode, at which point the wavelength correction equation is:

[0066]

[0067] λ is the corrected wavelength in wave mode, and tanh is the hyperbolic tangent function.

[0068] The sudden impedance change of the hyperbolic tangent function nonlinear response is used to instantly increase the puncture force to penetrate the dense stratum corneum, while controlling the tissue temperature rise within the predicted threshold.

[0069] The piezoelectric drive device ensures that the positional accuracy of the puncture process is controlled within ±15μm by precisely controlling the strain characteristics of the microneedle substrate material and combining it with real-time impedance feedback signals.

[0070] The microneedle hollow channel contains a pre-prepared lyophilized drug unit, which enables targeted drug delivery to subcutaneous tissue through diffusion gradient after epidermal puncture.

[0071] The microfluidic pulse drug delivery module 103 is hydrodynamically coupled with the microneedle array 102 component, and performs adaptive pulsed drug infusion based on the real-time monitored insertion depth parameters.

[0072] This module employs a dual-mode injection strategy: when the insertion depth is ≥800μm, a high-frequency pulse mode (20Hz) is activated to allow the drug to directly reach the dermis; when the insertion depth is <800μm, it switches to a low-frequency pulse mode (5Hz) to enhance the diffusion efficiency of subcutaneous tissue.

[0073] The reservoir chambers employ a dual-phase composite structure design. The main chamber is pre-stored with a pH-responsive adrenaline solution (concentration 0.1 mg / mL) encapsulated in liposomes, while the auxiliary chamber contains a sodium bicarbonate buffer system (pH 8.4). The microfluidic system achieves fluid dynamics control via a precision pulse pump (accuracy ±0.5 μL), and a flow sensor (sampling rate 1 kHz) monitors the cumulative injection dose in real time, ensuring that the infusion volume is strictly controlled within the safe threshold of 0.5-1.2 mL.

[0074] Nautilus shell-shaped microchannel designed based on biomimetic principles (curvature function r= (θ∈[0,3π]) forms a spiral gradient structure at the interface of the two chambers.

[0075] The vortex stability criterion can be expressed as:

[0076]

[0077] The effective Reynolds number is given by Re, the conventional Reynolds number is given by R, and r(θ) is the real-time radius of curvature of the microchannel at angle θ. It is the critical radius of curvature.

[0078] By dynamically correcting the effective Reynolds number using the radius of curvature, the laminar-turbulent balance within the helical flow channel is maintained, ensuring uniform mixing of adrenaline and buffer solution and eliminating the risk of local pH fluctuations associated with traditional injections.

[0079] When the effective Reynolds number When piezoelectric vibration is triggered, its vibration amplitude satisfies:

[0080]

[0081] A represents the vibration amplitude of the piezoelectric actuator. Let L be the average flow velocity of the fluid within the microchannel, L be the total length of the microchannel, t be the time, and L = 3πRc be the total length of the channel.

[0082] Based on sinusoidal amplitude modulation synchronized with flow velocity, micro-jet shear stress is generated, which increases the subcutaneous diffusion coefficient of drugs while reducing power consumption.

[0083] The piezoelectric actuator integrated at the outlet of the flow channel (resonant frequency 20kHz±5%, amplitude 50nm) effectively breaks the electrostatic adsorption barrier between drug molecules (Eb<0.8kT) through high-frequency axial vibration (power density 2.5mW / mm²), which improves the mixing uniformity from 89.3% to 98.7% (p<0.01) and reduces the batch-to-batch coefficient of variation from 12.4% to 1.3% (n=30), significantly improving the consistency of pulse dosing (CV<2.1%).

[0084] The control module 104, as the core decision-making unit, dynamically assesses the recovery of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) status by monitoring multimodal vital signs parameters in real time and executes the drug administration termination command.

[0085] The module employs a multi-parameter fusion decision algorithm: when the electrocardiogram signal exhibits sinus rhythm characteristics (RR interval standard deviation ≤ 50ms), transcutaneous oxygen saturation (SpO2) remains above 94% for 30 seconds, skin conductivity fluctuation is less than the baseline value ± 15%, and the body surface temperature change rate is ≤ 0.2℃ / min, a drug administration termination command is triggered.

[0086] ROSC determination implements a three-level verification mechanism:

[0087] 1) The initial assessment is based on the morphological analysis of the electrocardiogram signal, requiring that five consecutive QRS complexes meet the criteria for normal sinus rhythm (amplitude > 0.5mV, duration < 120ms).

[0088] 2) Secondary validation was performed by cross-matching the time synchronicity between blood oxygen pulse wave and ECG R wave using Pearson correlation coefficient (r > 0.85);

[0089] 3) The final verification uses a multi-parameter trend analysis algorithm to calculate the moving average of the Comprehensive Vital Signs Index (LCI) and its regression to the normal range (LCI≥0.7).

[0090] This system constructs a multi-scale entropy joint criterion model: a 6-level Daubechies wavelet packet decomposition is performed on the lead II ECG signal to calculate the relative energy entropy value of each sub-band. Simultaneously, the phase space reconstruction method (embedding dimension m=3, time delay τ=10ms) is used to calculate the sample entropy (SampEn), and a dynamic threshold adaptive algorithm is established.

[0091]

[0092] in, Denotes the energy entropy of the wavelet packet at the j-th layer. The center frequency of the sub-band Sampling frequency, weighting coefficient =1 / (1+ To achieve adaptive weighting of frequency domain features.

[0093] By weighting wavelet packet energy entropy with frequency logarithm, the signal-to-noise ratio of the characteristic frequency bands of ventricular fibrillation is enhanced, thereby improving the sensitivity of ventricular fibrillation identification.

[0094] The ROSC deterministic criterion satisfies the following conditions:

[0095]

[0096] in, The weighting coefficients are dynamically calculated from the energy entropy and frequency characteristics of each frequency band in wavelet packet decomposition. This condition requires that the weighted sum of the energy entropy of each frequency band of the ECG signal be lower than the threshold (0.8), indicating that the ECG rhythm tends to be stable; SampEn is the sample entropy, which measures the complexity of the physiological signal, m=3: the embedded dimension, representing the length of the sequence being compared, r=0.2SD: the similarity threshold, which is 20% of the signal standard deviation. A sample entropy lower than 1.6 indicates a decrease in the complexity of cardiac electrical activity and the recovery of spontaneous rhythm; The maximum Lyapunov exponent characterizes the chaotic properties of electrocardiogram (ECG) signals. A value >0.7 indicates that cardiac electrical activity has transitioned from a chaotic state to a regular state.

[0097] By integrating wavelet entropy, sample entropy, and Lyapunov exponent for multi-dimensional cross-validation, we can achieve rapid determination of autonomous cycle recovery state within seconds, thereby reducing the risk of adrenaline over-injection.

[0098] When the joint entropy index is below the threshold for 5 consecutive seconds, and the maximum When the value is greater than 0.7, true ROSC is confirmed.

[0099] like Figure 2 As shown, this application also provides an automated epinephrine injection method for cardiovascular emergency care, comprising:

[0100] S201. The patient's subcutaneous impedance value and multimodal vital signs parameters, including electrocardiogram signal, blood oxygen saturation, skin conductivity and body surface temperature, are obtained through the flexible biosensor layer 101.

[0101] S202. Calculate the target deformation of the microneedle array 102 based on the subcutaneous impedance value, and dynamically adjust the insertion depth using a piezoelectric actuator.

[0102] S203 generates a drive signal for the microfluidic pulse drug delivery module 103 based on the insertion depth, and performs high-frequency-low-frequency alternating pulsed drug injection.

[0103] S204. Real-time monitoring of the autonomous circulation recovery characteristics in the multimodal vital signs parameters;

[0104] S205. When the autonomous circulation recovery feature is detected to meet a preset threshold, the pulsed drug injection is terminated.

[0105] Furthermore, in step S201, the electrocardiogram signal is acquired by a three-electrode differential method from the sternal manubrium to the apex of the heart to the right subclavian region, and the substrate material of the flexible biosensor layer 101 is polyimide, the wire is silver nanowire, and the encapsulation layer is polydimethylsiloxane.

[0106] Optionally, in step S202, the deformation of the microneedle array 102 is determined by the linear relationship between the degradation rate of the PLGA-PEG copolymer and the subcutaneous impedance value, and the insertion depth error is controlled within ±10μm.

[0107] Optionally, in step S203, the initial stage of the pulsed drug injection uses a 10Hz high-frequency pulse to penetrate the epidermal barrier, and the maintenance stage switches to a 1Hz low-frequency pulse to promote drug diffusion. Furthermore, adrenaline and sodium bicarbonate buffer are mixed at a volume ratio of 3:1 before injection.

[0108] Optionally, before step S201, a biometric liveness verification step is also included: applying a 10Hz-1MHz sweep frequency signal to the attachment area, and activating the data acquisition function of the flexible biosensor layer 101 when the impedance phase angle at the 100kHz frequency point is >10°.

[0109] The above description of the embodiments is provided to enable those skilled in the art to understand and apply the present invention. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications can be made to the above embodiments, and the general principles described herein can be applied to other embodiments without inventive effort. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and any improvements and modifications made to the present invention by those skilled in the art based on the disclosure thereof should be within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. An automatic adrenaline injection patch for cardiovascular emergency treatment, characterized in that, include: The flexible biosensing layer integrates ECG electrodes, a blood oxygen sensor, a skin conductivity sensor, and a temperature sensor to acquire the patient's subcutaneous impedance value and vital sign parameters. The microneedle array, made of deformable biodegradable material, adjusts the insertion depth based on the subcutaneous impedance value and controls the deformation through a piezoelectric actuator; A microfluidic pulsed drug delivery module is connected to the microneedle array and performs pulsed drug injection according to the insertion depth. The control module is used to determine the state of spontaneous circulation recovery based on the vital signs parameters and to trigger the microfluidic pulse drug delivery module to terminate the injection.

2. The adrenaline auto-injection patch for cardiovascular emergency treatment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The flexible biosensing layer includes: The electrocardiogram (ECG) electrodes are composed of a polyimide substrate, silver nanowire conductors, and a polydimethylsiloxane encapsulation layer, and the ECG electrodes adopt a three-electrode differential layout of sternal manubrium-apex-right subclavian.

3. The adrenaline auto-injection patch for cardiovascular emergency treatment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The needles of the microneedle array have a conical hollow structure and are formed by photolithography molding of PLGA-PEG copolymer.

4. The adrenaline auto-injection patch for cardiovascular emergency treatment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The microfluidic pulsed drug delivery module includes a dual-chamber drug storage structure, with the main chamber containing adrenaline and the secondary chamber containing sodium bicarbonate buffer solution, and the two chambers are separated by a rupture membrane.

5. The adrenaline auto-injection patch for cardiovascular emergency treatment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The control module also includes a biometric liveness detection unit, which is used to activate injection permission when the impedance phase angle is >10° at 100kHz.

6. A method for automated epinephrine injection for cardiovascular emergency care, characterized in that, include: The patient's subcutaneous impedance value and multimodal vital signs parameters, including electrocardiogram signal, blood oxygen saturation, skin conductivity and body surface temperature, are obtained through a flexible biosensor layer. The target deformation of the microneedle array is calculated based on the subcutaneous impedance value, and the insertion depth is dynamically adjusted by a piezoelectric actuator. The microfluidic pulse drug delivery module generates a drive signal based on the insertion depth to perform high-frequency-low-frequency alternating pulsed drug injection. Real-time monitoring of the autonomous circulatory recovery characteristics in the multimodal vital signs parameters; When the autonomous circulation recovery feature is detected to meet a preset threshold, the pulsed drug injection is terminated.

7. The method for automated epinephrine injection for cardiovascular emergency care according to claim 6, characterized in that, The patient's subcutaneous impedance value and multimodal vital signs parameters are obtained through a flexible biosensor layer, including: electrocardiogram signals are acquired by a three-electrode differential method from the sternal manubrium to the apex of the heart to the right subclavian region, and the substrate material of the flexible biosensor layer is polyimide, the lead wire is silver nanowire, and the encapsulation layer is polydimethylsiloxane.

8. The method for automated epinephrine injection for cardiovascular emergency care according to claim 6, characterized in that, The target deformation of the microneedle array is calculated based on the subcutaneous impedance value, and the insertion depth is dynamically adjusted by a piezoelectric actuator. The deformation of the microneedle array is determined by the linear relationship between the degradation rate of the PLGA-PEG copolymer and the subcutaneous impedance value, and the insertion depth error is controlled within ±10 μm.

9. The method for automated epinephrine injection for cardiovascular emergency care according to claim 6, characterized in that, Based on the insertion depth, a drive signal for the microfluidic pulse drug delivery module is generated to perform high-frequency-low-frequency alternating pulsed drug injection, including: in the initial stage of pulsed drug injection, a 10Hz high-frequency pulse is used to penetrate the epidermal barrier; in the maintenance stage, a 1Hz low-frequency pulse is switched to promote drug diffusion; and adrenaline and sodium bicarbonate buffer are mixed at a volume ratio of 3:1 before injection.

10. The method for automated epinephrine injection for cardiovascular emergency care according to claim 6, characterized in that, Before acquiring the patient's subcutaneous impedance value and multimodal vital signs parameters through the flexible biosensor layer, a biometric in vivo verification step is also included: applying a 10Hz-1MHz sweep frequency signal to the attachment area, and activating the data acquisition function of the flexible biosensor layer when the impedance phase angle at the 100kHz frequency point is >10°.

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