Deep-sea mining vehicle with plume prevention and control treatment function

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of deep-sea mining equipment, in particular to a deep-sea mining vehicle with a plume prevention and control treatment function, the deep-sea mining vehicle comprises a vehicle main body, a shielding assembly, a cyclone separation assembly and an enrichment backfilling assembly, a crawler belt is arranged at the bottom of the vehicle main body, and a crushing mechanism is arranged at the front end of the vehicle main body; the shielding assembly comprises a front shielding plate, a side shielding plate and a rear shielding plate, the front shielding plate is arranged at the crushing mechanism, the side shielding plate is arranged on one side of the crawler belt, and the rear shielding plate is arranged at the tail end of the vehicle body; the cyclone separation assembly comprises an overflow pump, a flow guide pipeline, a cyclone front conveying pipeline, a first-stage cyclone, an inter-cyclone conveying pipeline and a second-stage cyclone, the overflow pump generates negative pressure to adsorb plume shielded by the shielding assembly, and the plume is conveyed to the cyclone front conveying pipeline through the flow guide pipeline; then, the gas flows through the first-stage cyclone for primary cyclone separation, and then flows through the second-stage cyclone for secondary cyclone separation through the conveying pipeline between the cyclones after separation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of deep-sea mining equipment technology, specifically to a deep-sea mining vehicle with plume control and treatment functions. Background Technology

[0002] With the increasing depletion of terrestrial rare metal resources (such as nickel, cobalt, and manganese), the global resource competition is rapidly shifting towards the deep sea. Deep-sea polymetallic nodules, cobalt-rich crusts, and polymetallic sulfides, due to their high content of valuable metal elements, have become core targets for strategic resource reserves in various countries.

[0003] In the field of deep-sea mining technology, tracked hydraulic ore collection vehicles have become the mainstream solution due to their high stability and operational efficiency. However, when these devices move on the seabed, they severely disturb the sedimentary layer, generating plumes of large amounts of suspended particulate matter. Studies have shown that the particle size of these plumes is mainly concentrated between 2μm and 140μm, with a density of approximately 2610 kg / m³. 3 Driven by ocean currents, plumes can spread to areas up to 10 kilometers away. This leads to increased seawater turbidity and decreased light transmittance, disrupting the balance of deep-sea ecosystems. Furthermore, heavy metals or harmful substances that may be present in these plumes can threaten marine life and human health through the food chain.

[0004] Currently, the environmental risks posed by suspended plumes have become the biggest bottleneck restricting the commercialization of deep-sea mining. This has led to a stalemate in regulatory negotiations within the International Seabed Authority (ISA), with over 60% of the nearly 2,000 points of contention involving ecological protection standards. To address this challenge, countries like China are accelerating the development of low-disturbance mining technologies.

[0005] Currently, mainstream plume suppression technologies mainly include chemical flocculation and electrocoagulation. These methods involve adding flocculants or applying an electric field to aggregate small particles into larger ones, accelerating sedimentation and reducing the diffusion range. However, these methods have significant limitations: chemical flocculants may introduce land-based pollutants, threatening deep-sea ecosystems; electrocoagulation suffers from high energy consumption and severe electrode corrosion due to the high pressure and low temperature environment of the deep sea, making long-term stable operation difficult. Furthermore, while physical shielding methods can partially limit plume diffusion, existing devices are often disconnected from mining vehicle operations, resulting in low shielding efficiency and potential interference with mining efficiency.

[0006] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a plume purification device that integrates shielding, efficient separation, and low-disturbance backfilling functions to balance deep-sea mining efficiency with environmental protection requirements. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The purpose of this invention is to provide a deep-sea mining vehicle with plume control and treatment functions to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by this invention is to propose a deep-sea mining vehicle with plume control and treatment function, including a vehicle body, a shielding assembly, a cyclone separation assembly, and an enrichment and backfilling assembly. The bottom of the vehicle body is equipped with tracks, and the front end of the vehicle body is equipped with a crushing mechanism. The shielding assembly includes a front shield, a side shield, and a rear shield. The front shield is located at the crushing mechanism, the side shield is located on one side of the tracks, and the rear shield is located at the rear end of the vehicle body. The cyclone separation assembly includes an overflow pump, a guide pipe, a cyclone pre-conveying pipe, a primary cyclone separator, and an inter-cyclone conveying system. The system includes a pipeline and a secondary hydrocyclone. The overflow pump generates negative pressure to adsorb the plume blocked by the shielding component and transports it to the pre-hydrocyclone conveying pipeline through the guide pipe. It then flows through the primary hydrocyclone for initial hydrocyclone separation and then through the secondary hydrocyclone for secondary hydrocyclone separation via the inter-hydrocyclone conveying pipeline. The enrichment backfilling component includes a sediment enrichment box located at the bottom of the vehicle body. The sediment separated by the primary and secondary hydrocyclones is discharged into the sediment enrichment box through the conveying pipeline. The sediment enrichment box is equipped with a sand discharge control system.

[0009] Furthermore, the cyclone separation assembly also includes a clear liquid return pipeline, which is connected to the secondary cyclone separator and discharges the seawater after cyclone separation to the ocean.

[0010] Furthermore, the primary hydrocyclone is connected to the sediment enrichment box via a primary sediment backfill pipeline, and the secondary hydrocyclone is connected to the sediment enrichment box via a secondary sediment backfill pipeline.

[0011] Furthermore, the outer wall of the sediment enrichment box is equipped with a vibration motor, and the bottom of the sediment enrichment box is connected to a backfill pipe. The vibration motor can cause the mud and sand on the inner wall of the sediment enrichment box to fall off and settle into the original area through the backfill pipe. The sand discharge control system includes a concentration sensor, a weight sensor, and a central control unit. When the concentration sensor detects that the mud and sand concentration reaches a set threshold, the central control unit controls the vibration motor to start the vibration compaction program. When the weight sensor detects that the weight data drops to a preset discharge threshold, the weight sensor transmits a feedback signal to the central control unit and stops the vibration motor from starting.

[0012] Furthermore, when the concentration sensor detects that the sediment concentration has reached the set threshold, the central control unit sends a deceleration command to the overflow pump to reduce the speed of the absorbed plume, and at the same time sends a command to the adjustment mechanism of the discharge port of the sediment enrichment box to increase the opening degree of the discharge port; when the weight sensor detects that the weight data has dropped to the preset discharge threshold, the central control unit sends a power increase command to the overflow pump to increase the speed of the absorbed plume, and at the same time sends a command to the adjustment mechanism of the discharge port of the sediment enrichment box to reduce the discharge port to the initial set position.

[0013] Furthermore, one end of the front baffle is rotatably connected to the support arm of the crushing mechanism, and a cylinder is provided on one side of the support arm. The cylinder is connected to the front baffle and drives the front baffle to adjust its angle.

[0014] Furthermore, the vehicle body is also provided with a support frame, which supports the flow guide pipe.

[0015] Furthermore, the vehicle body is equipped with a buoyancy box, and the vortex separation component is located inside the buoyancy box.

[0016] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:

[0017] The shielding components, arranged around the mining vehicle, form a physical barrier in the working area, effectively limiting the spread of the suspended plume. Subsequently, a multi-stage cyclone separator, based on the principle of centrifugal sedimentation, uses different types of hydrocyclones connected in series to achieve gradient separation of particles, efficiently separating larger particles from the seawater. Larger suspended solids are then transported through pipelines to a sediment enrichment tank for accumulation. Finally, the sediment in the enrichment tank is backfilled in situ, completing the closed-loop sediment treatment and forming an integrated "shielding-separation-backfilling" process that significantly reduces environmental impact while ensuring mining efficiency. Attached Figure Description

[0018] To more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the specific embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the deep-sea mining vehicle provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 2 This is a partial top view of the deep-sea mining vehicle provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 3A schematic diagram of the overall structure of the cyclone separation component of the deep-sea mining vehicle provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 4 This is a structural diagram of the multi-stage cyclone separation system for a deep-sea mining vehicle provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram showing the position of the support frame used in the deep-sea mining vehicle provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of in-situ backfilling of a deep-sea mining vehicle provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the control module for the sediment enrichment box of a deep-sea mining vehicle provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0026] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0027] 1. Vehicle body; 2. Mining mechanism; 3. Connecting hose; 4. Support arm; 5. Crushing mechanism; 6. Crusher housing; 7. Buoyancy box; 8. Tracks; 9. Walking power mechanism; 10. Front baffle; 11. Side baffle; 12. Rear baffle; 13. Support frame; 14. Guide pipe; 15. Overflow pump; 16. Pre-hydrocyclone conveying pipe; 17. Primary hydrocyclone; 18. Hydrocyclone-to-hydrocyclone conveying pipe; 19. Secondary hydrocyclone; 20. Protective cover; 21. Sludge enrichment box; 22. Backfilling pipe; 23. Clear liquid return pipe; 24. Primary sludge backfilling pipe; 25. Secondary sludge backfilling pipe; 26. Vibration motor. Detailed Implementation

[0028] The technical solution of the present invention will now be clearly and completely described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0029] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that the terms "center," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing the invention and for simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0030] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "linking" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0031] Furthermore, the technical features involved in the different embodiments of the present invention described below can be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.

[0032] Reference Figures 1 to 6 As an embodiment of the present invention, a deep-sea mining vehicle with plume control function includes a vehicle body 1, a shielding assembly, a cyclone separation assembly, and an enrichment and backfilling assembly. The bottom of the vehicle body 1 is provided with tracks 8, and the front end of the vehicle body 1 is provided with a crushing mechanism 5. The shielding assembly includes a front shield 10, a side shield 11, and a rear shield 12. The front shield 10 is located at the crushing mechanism 5, the side shield 11 is located on one side of the tracks 8, and the rear shield 12 is located at the rear end of the vehicle body 1. The flow separation assembly includes an overflow pump 15, a guide pipe 14, a pre-hydrocyclone conveying pipe 16, a primary hydrocyclone 17, an inter-hydrocyclone conveying pipe 18, and a secondary hydrocyclone 19. The overflow pump 15 generates negative pressure to collect the plume blocked by the shielding assembly and transports it to the pre-hydrocyclone conveying pipe 16 through the guide pipe. It then flows through the primary hydrocyclone 17 for initial hydrocyclone separation, and after hydrocyclone separation, it flows through the inter-hydrocyclone conveying pipe 18 to the secondary hydrocyclone 19 for secondary hydrocyclone separation. The enrichment and backfilling assembly includes a sediment enrichment box 21, located at the bottom of the vehicle body 1. The sediment separated by the primary hydrocyclone 17 and the secondary hydrocyclone 19 is discharged into the sediment enrichment box 21 through the primary sediment backfilling pipe 24 and the secondary sediment backfilling pipe 25. The sediment enrichment box 21 is equipped with a sediment discharge control system.

[0033] Specifically, the hydrocyclone separation assembly also includes a clear liquid return pipeline 23, a primary sediment backfill pipeline 24, and a secondary sediment backfill pipeline 25. A sediment enrichment box 21 is located at the bottom of the vehicle body 1. The clear liquid return pipeline 23 is connected to the secondary hydrocyclone 19 and discharges the seawater separated by the hydrocyclone to the ocean. The silt separated by the primary hydrocyclone 17 and the secondary hydrocyclone 19 is discharged into the sediment enrichment box 21 through the sediment conveying pipeline. In this embodiment, the primary hydrocyclone 17 is an FX250 type, with a separation particle size range of 40-100 μm. The secondary hydrocyclone 19 is an FX150 type, with a separation particle size range of 20-74 μm. The sediment transport pipeline includes a primary sediment backfill pipeline 24 and a secondary sediment backfill pipeline 25. A primary hydrocyclone 17 is connected to a sediment enrichment tank 21 via the primary sediment backfill pipeline 24, and a secondary hydrocyclone 19 is connected to the sediment enrichment tank 21 via the secondary sediment backfill pipeline 25. The primary hydrocyclone 17 performs the first separation, aiming to separate larger particles of sediment from seawater, and the separated sediment is transported to the sediment enrichment tank 21 via the primary sediment backfill pipeline 24. The secondary hydrocyclone 19 performs a second separation, aiming to further process fine particles. After completion, the seawater is returned to the ocean via the clear liquid return pipeline 23, while the sediment is transported to the sediment enrichment tank 21 via the secondary sediment backfill pipeline 25.

[0034] The primary hydrocyclone 17 and the secondary hydrocyclone 19 are designed in series, and the working pressure of each section is monitored in real time by pressure sensors to ensure that the system operates under optimal conditions. The sediment enrichment tank 21 is equipped with a material level detection device to realize intelligent monitoring of the sediment storage volume. The entire separation system can achieve a total removal rate of over 92% for particles larger than 40μm, which is significantly better than traditional single-stage treatment processes.

[0035] In this embodiment, the shielding components, arranged around the mining vehicle, form a physical barrier in the working area, effectively limiting the spread of the suspended plume. Subsequently, a multi-stage cyclone separator, based on the principle of centrifugal sedimentation, uses different types of cyclones connected in series to achieve gradient separation of particles, efficiently separating larger particles from seawater in the plume, and transporting the larger suspended solids through pipelines to the sediment enrichment box 21 for accumulation. Finally, the sediment in the sediment enrichment box 21 is backfilled in situ, completing the closed-loop treatment of sediments and forming an integrated "shielding-separation-backfilling" process, which significantly reduces environmental impact while ensuring mining efficiency.

[0036] Furthermore, the outer wall of the sediment enrichment box 21 is equipped with a vibration motor 26 and a protective cover 20. The bottom of the sediment enrichment box 21 is connected to a backfill pipe 22. The vibration motor 26 can cause the mud and sand on the inner wall of the sediment enrichment box 21 to fall off and settle into the original area through the backfill pipe 22. The sand discharge control system includes a concentration sensor, a weight sensor, and a central control unit. When the concentration sensor detects that the mud and sand concentration reaches a set threshold, the central control unit controls the vibration motor 26 to start the vibration compaction program. When the weight sensor detects that the weight data drops to a preset discharge threshold, the weight sensor transmits a feedback signal to the central control unit and stops the vibration motor 26 from starting.

[0037] To achieve precise control of the sand discharge process in the sediment enrichment tank 21, a closed-loop control system is established between the sediment enrichment tank 21 and the pre-overflow pump 15, along with a complete signal acquisition and control system. The entire process utilizes a cyclical mechanism of "real-time sensor monitoring—signal reception and command transmission—dynamic adjustment of the actuator—sensor feedback correction," forming a real-time closed-loop control throughout the entire process. This ensures a balance between the sand discharge efficiency and operational stability of the sediment enrichment tank 21. The detailed instructions are as follows:

[0038] Signal acquisition: Concentration sensors and weight sensors are deployed simultaneously in the sediment enrichment tank 21 area to collect real-time data on sediment concentration and overall weight in the tank; at the same time, a signal receiving unit is set up in the overflow pump 15 operating area.

[0039] Control logic: When the concentration sensor detects that the plume concentration in the sediment enrichment box 21 has reached the preset concentration threshold, it immediately sends a trigger command to the central control unit to start the first round of control process. The preset concentration threshold can be set using a comparator, which then determines whether the detected plume concentration has reached the preset concentration threshold.

[0040] The first round of control process is as follows: After receiving the instruction from the concentration sensor, the central control unit simultaneously outputs two control signals: First, it sends a speed reduction instruction to the overflow pump 15 to reduce the speed at which it absorbs the plume and avoid local water flow turbulence caused by high-speed suction; second, it sends a vibration compaction program instruction to the vibration motor 26 on the outside of the sediment enrichment box 21. After the vibration motor 26 starts working, the sludge and sand on the inner wall of the sediment enrichment box 21 fall off; third, it sends an instruction to the adjustment mechanism of the discharge port of the sediment enrichment box 21 to increase the opening degree of the discharge port and accelerate the discharge efficiency of the sludge and sand in the box.

[0041] When the weight sensor detects that the weight data has dropped to the preset emission threshold, that is, when the amount of sediment in the tank has dropped to the target range, secondary control is initiated. The secondary control process is as follows:

[0042] Upon receiving the command from the weight sensor, the central control unit controls and stops the vibration motor 26 from starting. Simultaneously, it controls the discharge port adjustment mechanism to reduce the opening to the initial set position to prevent excessive discharge; and sends an increased power command to the overflow pump 15 to increase its plume absorption speed, rapidly absorbing the plume within the shielded area, achieving good closed-loop control. A preset weight threshold can be set using a comparator to determine whether the detected sediment weight reaches the preset threshold.

[0043] Specifically, the sediment enrichment box 21 is equipped with a concentration sensor and a variable frequency vibration compaction mechanism, while the backfill pipeline 22 is equipped with a pressure sensor. To ensure the environmental friendliness and efficiency of the backfilling process, the sludge separated by cyclone separation is transported to the sediment enrichment box 21. The box is equipped with a concentration sensor (monitoring range: 200-800 g / L) and a vibration compaction mechanism to form plastic sludge clumps (moisture content ≤15%). The backfill pipeline 22 uses a gradually expanding nozzle, selecting the optimal spray angle. The backfilling rate is adjusted by a PID controller (range: 5-20 kg / s) to ensure uniform sedimentation of the sludge into the in-situ area, reducing the secondary plume generation to ≤5%. When the concentration sensor detects that the sludge has reached the set threshold, the system automatically starts the vibration compaction program. After compaction, the pressure sensor monitors the real-time pressure of the backfill pipeline 22, and the controller dynamically adjusts the backfilling parameters based on the real-time data.

[0044] The system includes a concentration sensor with a measurement range of 0-80% and a variable frequency vibration compaction mechanism with an adjustable vibration frequency of 5-20Hz. When the concentration sensor detects that the sediment concentration has reached a set threshold (≥60%), the system automatically starts the vibration compaction program. After compaction, the real-time pressure of the backfill pipeline 22 is monitored by a pressure sensor (range 0-2MPa). The PID controller dynamically adjusts the backfill parameters based on the real-time data to ensure uniform sediment settling while minimizing environmental disturbance. This design increases the sediment recovery rate in the backfill area by more than 2 times, fully meeting the ISA environmental standards.

[0045] Furthermore, a mining mechanism 2 is located at the front end of the vehicle body 1. The mining mechanism 2 includes a mounting frame and a crushing mechanism 5, with the crushing mechanism 5 mounted on the mounting frame. A crusher housing 6 is located at the mounting frame, providing support and protection. One end of the front shield 10 is rotatably connected to the support arm 4 of the crushing mechanism 5. A cylinder is located on one side of the support arm 4, which is connected to the front shield 10 and drives the front shield 10 to adjust its angle. Simultaneously, surrounding shields are arranged at the front, rear, and sides of the tracks 8 and the travel power mechanism 9. That is, the front shield 10, side shields 11, and rear shield 12 together form a semi-enclosed shielding space. The height of the shields is optimized through hydrodynamics to minimize interference with the normal operation of the mining vehicle while ensuring shielding effectiveness. All shielding components are made of high-strength titanium alloy or composite materials, possessing excellent corrosion resistance and capable of long-term adaptation to extreme deep-sea working environments (pressure ≥30MPa, temperature 2-4℃).

[0046] Furthermore, the vehicle body 1 is also equipped with a support frame 13, which supports the flow guide pipe 14. The vehicle body 1 is equipped with a buoyancy box 7, and the vortex separation component is located inside the buoyancy box 7, which serves as a support and protection mechanism.

[0047] This invention proposes a deep-sea mining vehicle with plume control and treatment functions. Through a closed-loop treatment process of "shielding-guiding-separation-backfilling," it effectively solves the problem of suspended plume pollution in deep-sea mining operations. The working principle is as follows: First, a physical shielding device limits the spread of the plume generated by disturbing seabed sediments during mining vehicle operations. Then, an optimized guiding pipeline network 14 transports the intercepted plume to a multi-stage cyclone separator. In the multi-stage cyclone separator, various types of hydrocyclones treat suspended matter of different sizes, achieving efficient separation of particles with different diameters (20-140 μm). Finally, the treated sediment is backfilled in situ into the disturbed area via a precision jetting system.

[0048] The technological advantages of this mining vehicle are mainly reflected in three aspects:

[0049] 1) Significant environmental benefits: It can greatly reduce the spread of plumes and reduce water turbidity to within the ISA standard limit (NTU<5), thereby effectively protecting the integrity of the deep-sea ecosystem;

[0050] 2) High separation accuracy: By using hydrocyclones with different particle sizes, the separation efficiency is much higher than that of traditional methods;

[0051] 3) Strong ecological resilience: The innovative low-pressure jet backfill technology reduces the intensity of secondary disturbance and improves the sediment recovery rate, fully complying with the latest ISA environmental protection standards.

[0052] Through the coordinated optimization of its various functional modules, this system achieves a balance between deep-sea mining operations and ecological environmental protection, providing a reliable technical guarantee for the sustainable development of deep-sea mineral resources.

[0053] The embodiments described herein are preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, all equivalent changes made in accordance with the structure, shape, and principle of the present invention should be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A deep-sea mining vehicle with plume control and treatment function, characterized in that, include: The vehicle body (1) has tracks (8) at its bottom and a crushing mechanism (5) at its front end. The shielding assembly includes a front shield (10), a side shield (11) and a rear shield (12). The front shield (10) is located at the crushing mechanism (5), the side shield (11) is located on one side of the track (8), and the rear shield (12) is located at the rear end of the vehicle body (1). The cyclone separation assembly includes an overflow pump (15), a guide pipe (14), a cyclone pre-transport pipe (16), a first-stage cyclone (17), an inter-cyclone transport pipe (18), and a second-stage cyclone (19). The overflow pump (15) generates negative pressure to collect the plume blocked by the shielding assembly and transports it to the cyclone pre-transport pipe (16) through the guide pipe. Then, it flows through the first-stage cyclone (17) for initial cyclone separation. After cyclone separation, it flows through the inter-cyclone transport pipe to the second-stage cyclone (19) for secondary cyclone separation. The enrichment backfill component includes a sediment enrichment box (21), which is located at the bottom of the vehicle body (1). The sediment after being separated by the first-stage hydrocyclone (17) and the second-stage hydrocyclone (19) is discharged into the sediment enrichment box (21) through the first-stage sediment backfill pipeline (24) and the second-stage sediment backfill pipeline (25). The sediment enrichment box (21) is equipped with a sand discharge control system.

2. The deep-sea mining vehicle with plume control function as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The cyclone separation assembly also includes a clear liquid return pipeline (23), which is connected to the secondary cyclone separator (19) and discharges the seawater after cyclone separation to the ocean.

3. The deep-sea mining vehicle with plume control function as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The primary hydrocyclone (17) is connected to the sediment enrichment box (21) through the primary sediment backfill pipeline (24), and the secondary hydrocyclone (19) is connected to the sediment enrichment box (21) through the secondary sediment backfill pipeline (25).

4. The deep-sea mining vehicle with plume control function as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The outer wall of the sediment enrichment box (21) is equipped with a vibration motor (26), and the bottom of the sediment enrichment box (21) is connected to a backfill pipe (22). The vibration motor (26) can cause the mud and sand on the inner wall of the sediment enrichment box (21) to fall off and settle to the original area through the backfill pipe (22). The sand discharge control system includes a concentration sensor, a weight sensor, and a central control unit. When the concentration sensor detects that the sand concentration reaches a set threshold, the central control unit controls the vibration motor (26) to start the vibration compaction program. When the weight sensor detects that the weight data drops to a preset discharge threshold, the weight sensor transmits a feedback signal to the central control unit and stops the vibration motor (26) from starting.

5. The deep-sea mining vehicle with plume control function as described in claim 4, characterized in that, When the concentration sensor detects that the sediment concentration has reached the set threshold, the central control unit sends a deceleration command to the overflow pump (15) to reduce the speed of the absorption plume, and at the same time sends a command to the adjustment mechanism of the discharge port of the sediment enrichment box (21) to increase the opening degree of the discharge port. When the weight sensor detects that the weight data has dropped to the preset emission threshold, the central control unit sends an increase power command to the overflow pump (15) to increase the speed of the absorption plume, and at the same time sends a command to the adjustment mechanism of the discharge port of the sediment enrichment box (21) to reduce the discharge port to the initial set position.

6. The deep-sea mining vehicle with plume control function as described in claim 1, characterized in that, One end of the front baffle (10) is rotatably connected to the support arm (4) of the crushing mechanism (5). A cylinder is provided on one side of the support arm (4). The cylinder is connected to the front baffle (10) and drives the front baffle (10) to adjust its angle.

7. The deep-sea mining vehicle with plume control function as described in claim 6, characterized in that, The vehicle body (1) is also provided with a support frame (13), which supports the flow guide pipe (14).

8. The deep-sea mining vehicle with plume control function as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The vehicle body (1) is provided with a buoyancy box (7), and the overflow pump (15) in the vortex separation assembly is located inside the buoyancy box (7).

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