Light spot detection visualization device and method

Abstract

The invention provides a light spot detection visualization device and method, and aims to solve the problems of insufficient precision and insufficient interactivity of a traditional fluorescent color developing card in light spot detection. The device is composed of a detection array, a display module and a central controller, the detection array adopts the design of combining a PCB circuit substrate and a colloid quantum dot coating layer, and efficient photoelectric conversion and signal processing are achieved; the central controller analyzes the collected digital signals through an advanced algorithm, so that parameters such as the position and the size of the light spot are accurately calculated, and results are output to the display module to achieve visualization. According to the method, through electrode array partitioning and signal processing flow optimization, the detection efficiency is remarkably improved, and the cost is reduced. The core innovation point of the invention is that a unique hardware structure is combined with an intelligent algorithm, a low-cost and efficient solution is provided for a light spot detection technology, and the technical progress in the field is promoted.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of light spot detection, and in particular to a light spot detection visualization device and method. BACKGROUND

[0002] Light wave detection visualization technology plays a crucial role in modern scientific research and industrial fields, with its application ranging from basic optical research to high-end manufacturing technology. Accurate detection of light beam position and size is a key step in achieving light path control and improving device performance, especially in fields such as laser processing, optical communication, and precision measurement. The highly precise acquisition of light spot parameters directly affects the efficiency and reliability of the system. With the continuous progress of science and technology, the demand for light spot detection technology is increasing, which has prompted researchers to continuously explore more advanced technical means to meet the needs of practical applications.

[0003] Although the fluorescence color card has been widely used as a traditional light spot detection tool, it has many inherent defects that severely limit the improvement of detection accuracy and efficiency. For example, the luminescence intensity of the fluorescent body gradually weakens over time, making it difficult to ensure the stability and reliability of the detection results. In addition, the fluorescence color card cannot realize the interaction function with external equipment, making it difficult to further process and analyze the detection data. These defects not only limit the application of the fluorescence color card in high-precision scenarios. The light spot detection tool based on CMOS detection imaging has high precision, but the cost is much higher than that of the fluorescence color card, making it difficult to popularize in low-cost scenarios. SUMMARY

[0004] The present application aims to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and proposes a light spot detection visualization device and method that is low-cost, more accurate, efficient, and interactive. Through the combination of a colloidal quantum dot photoelectric conversion layer and a pixel structure scanning algorithm, the device can quickly and accurately extract and display real-time light spot parameters on a large target surface.

[0005] In a first aspect, the present application provides a light spot detection visualization device, comprising a detection array, a display module, and a central controller. The detection array includes a PCB circuit substrate and a colloidal quantum dot coating layer, wherein:

[0006] The colloidal quantum dot coating layer is coated on the PCB circuit substrate and converts incident light signals into electrical signals through a photoelectric conversion effect;

[0007] The PCB circuit substrate includes a pixel structure and a pixel readout circuit. The pixel readout circuit is electrically connected to the colloidal quantum dot coating layer and is used to read out, amplify, and process the electrical signals generated by the colloidal quantum dot coating layer due to light signal conversion, generating digital signals;

[0008] The central controller is configured to calculate the light spot parameter according to the digital signal and output to the display module.

[0009] Further, the pixel readout circuit of the PCB circuit substrate comprises:

[0010] a plurality of pixel units, the pixel units form an electrode array and are electrically connected to a colloidal quantum dot coating layer;

[0011] a parallel signal readout module for simultaneously collecting electrical signals received by the plurality of pixel units;

[0012] a signal preprocessing module for amplifying, filtering and analog-to-digital converting the electrical signals.

[0013] Further, the pixel units are arranged in a ring, star spoke or hash structure to form the electrode array; the electrode array is divided into a plurality of electrode sub-zones, and each electrode sub-zone is connected to the central controller through an independent switching circuit.

[0014] Further, the detection array further comprises a protective layer made of window glass or silicon and fixed above the colloidal quantum dot coating layer.

[0015] As a preferred embodiment, the central controller is integrated with an algorithm module, which is configured to adjust the electrode sub-zones of the electrode array and calculate the light spot parameter according to the digital signal of the electrode sub-zones.

[0016] Further, the central controller is further integrated with an electrode array control module, which is configured to control the signal reading logic of different electrode sub-zones to form frame data.

[0017] Further, the light spot parameter is transmitted to the display module in a graphical signal, and the display module outputs a pattern and data, which are used to represent the shape parameter and energy distribution characteristics of the incident light spot.

[0018] Further, after the light spot parameter is superimposed with time information, the display module can output the trajectory information of the incident light spot changing with time.

[0019] In a second aspect, the present application provides a light spot detection visualization method applied to the device of the first aspect, comprising the following steps:

[0020] collecting ambient light signals through the detection array to calculate the pixel signal position distribution characteristics of the current frame;

[0021] reading the digital signals of each electrode array sub-zone according to the light signal pixel position information;

[0022] calculating the light spot parameter based on the digital signals of the electrode array sub-zones through a preset algorithm;

[0023] Output the light spot parameters to the display module.

[0024] Further, based on the digital signals of the electrode array partitions, calculate the light spot parameters through a preset algorithm, including:

[0025] Dynamically determine the threshold of the digital signals of each electrode array partition to determine the effective partitions;

[0026] According to the digital signals of each pixel unit in the effective partitions, generate the light spot contour line through structure correlation interpolation;

[0027] According to the light spot contour line, calculate the area and center position of the light spot.

[0028] Compared with the prior art, the embodiment of the present application has the beneficial effects that: high-precision photoelectric conversion is realized by using the colloidal quantum dot coating layer, combined with the structured electrode array and the intelligent data processing algorithm, the sensitivity, stability and multi-spectral adaptability of the light spot detection are significantly improved; the real-time visual interface and the interactive function overcome the defects of the traditional fluorescence color developing card, and realize accurate, efficient and traceable light spot parameter monitoring; the compact design, low energy consumption and wide applicability effectively reduce the application cost, promote the technology upgrading in the fields of scientific research, industry, medical treatment and the like, and have significant economic and social benefits. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0029] Figure 1 is a structural schematic diagram of a light spot detection visualization device provided by the present application;

[0030] Figure 2 is a structural schematic diagram of a detection array provided by the present application;

[0031] Figure 3 is a star-shaped layout schematic diagram of an electrode array provided by the embodiment of the present application;

[0032] Figure 4 is a ring-shaped layout schematic diagram of an electrode array provided by the embodiment of the present application;

[0033] Figure 5 is a hash layout schematic diagram of an electrode array provided by the embodiment of the present application;

[0034] Figure 6 is a flowchart of a light spot detection visualization method provided by the embodiment of the present application.

[0035] Among them, 1, detection array; 2, display module; 3, central controller; 11, PCB circuit substrate; 12, colloidal quantum dot coating layer; 13, protective layer; 111, electrode array. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0036] In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and beneficial effects of the present application clearer, the present application will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the drawings and examples. It should be understood that the specific examples described herein are only intended to explain the present application and not to limit the present application.

[0037] The development of light spot detection technology has gone through several stages. In the early stage, it mainly relied on optical imaging methods. This stage of technology focuses or diffuses light beams through optical elements such as lenses and mirrors, and uses photographic film or CCD / CMOS sensors to record the shape and position of the light spot. Such methods have high spatial resolution, but are limited by environmental light interference and large device size. With the advancement of semiconductor technology, light spot detection technology based on photosensors has gradually emerged. These sensors can directly convert optical signals into electrical signals, enabling fast and accurate light spot parameter measurement. For example, photodiodes and photomultiplier tubes are widely used in laser beam positioning and size detection, significantly improving detection efficiency and sensitivity. However, traditional photosensors still have certain limitations in multi-wavelength light spot detection and large dynamic range scenarios, prompting researchers to continuously explore new materials and structural designs to optimize performance.

[0038] The introduction of visualization technology provides a more intuitive way of presenting results for light spot detection. Among them, fluorescent materials have excellent photoelectric conversion characteristics and have become one of the commonly used visualization tools. By coating fluorescent materials on the surface of the substrate, when the light beam is irradiated, the material absorbs photons and emits visible light, thereby realizing the visualization of the light spot. This method is simple to operate and low in cost, and has been widely used in laboratory environments. However, the luminescence intensity of fluorescent materials decays over time, resulting in unstable detection results; in addition, due to the lack of interactivity, it is difficult to adjust the detection conditions in real time to adapt to the needs of different application scenarios. In order to overcome the above defects, in recent years, researchers have tried to combine digital display technology with light spot detection, such as using LCD screens or LED arrays to display light spot parameter information in real time. This scheme not only improves the detection accuracy, but also enhances the user experience, opening up a new direction for the development of light spot detection technology.

[0039] In the prior art, the technology of using a visible light CMOS imaging chip with a window glass coated with a fluorescent material for infrared light spot detection is representative. This technology achieves efficient detection of infrared light spots by setting a fluorescent coating on the surface of the CMOS imaging chip. Its advantages lie in making full use of the high resolution of the CMOS chip and the photoelectric conversion characteristics of the fluorescent material, while avoiding complex optical system design. However, this technology also has some limitations, such as limited service life of the fluorescent coating, sensitivity to environmental temperature, and other issues. In addition, due to the mismatch between the emission spectrum of the fluorescent material and the response range of the detector, the detection accuracy is affected to some extent. In contrast, the detection array with a colloidal quantum dot coating layer proposed in the present application has higher stability and sensitivity, which can effectively solve the above problems, while supporting multi-wavelength light spot detection and partition adjustment functions, further highlighting its innovation and practicality.

[0040] Referring to Figure 1 The first aspect of the present application provides a light spot detection visualization device, which is composed of a detection array 1, a display module 2 and a central controller 3. The three parts are connected through high-speed data transmission lines to realize signal interconnection and interaction. The detection array 1 is connected to the central controller 3 to ensure that the collected light signals can be transmitted to the central processor in real time for data analysis and processing. The central controller 3 communicates with the display module 2 through a standardized interface and outputs the processed light spot parameter information to the display module 2 for users to intuitively view. The detection array 1 is located at the front end of the device and is responsible for capturing light signals in the environment and converting them into electrical signals; the display module 2 is usually located at the top or side of the device for users to observe; the central controller 3 is integrated inside the device and serves as the core operation unit to coordinate the work of each component. Specifically, the light signals collected by the detection array 1 are transmitted to the central controller 3 in the form of digital signals after preliminary processing. The central controller 3 uses specific algorithms to analyze the signals in depth, calculates the key parameters such as the position and size of the light spot, and sends the results to the display module 2 for visual presentation. The advantage of this structural design is that it can realize efficient data processing and real-time feedback, thereby significantly improving the accuracy and efficiency of light spot detection.

[0041] The detailed structure of the detection array 1 is as follows Figure 2As shown, it mainly consists of a PCB circuit substrate 11 and a colloidal quantum dot coating layer 12, wherein the PCB circuit substrate 11 is one of the core components of the detection array 1, and its structure includes a high-precision pixel readout circuit. The pixel readout circuit is responsible for reading out, amplifying and preliminarily processing the weak electrical signals generated in the photoelectric conversion process, and finally generating digital signals for subsequent analysis. Specifically, the specific structure of the pixel readout circuit includes a plurality of pixel units, a parallel signal readout module and a signal preprocessing module. All pixel units together form an electrode array 111 and are electrically connected with the colloidal quantum dot coating layer 12, forming independent photoelectric conversion and signal acquisition units. The parallel signal readout module is used to simultaneously collect the electrical signals received by multiple pixel units. The parallel signal readout module is designed through a multi-channel parallel architecture, which can synchronously read the photoelectric response data of different regions on the electrode array, greatly improving the signal acquisition speed. The signal preprocessing module includes an amplification circuit to ensure the signal-to-noise ratio in subsequent processing; a filter circuit to improve signal purity; and an analog-to-digital conversion (ADC) module to convert analog signals to digital signals, ensuring high-precision quantization. The colloidal quantum dot coating layer 12 includes CdSe / ZnS quantum dots with a core-shell structure, a particle size distribution of 5-10 nm, and carboxyl ligands on the surface.

[0042] The electrode array 111 forms an effective electric field distribution by closely combining with the colloidal quantum dot coating layer 12, thereby optimizing the photoelectric conversion efficiency. Referring to Figures 3 to 5 , the electrode array 111 forms a ring-shaped, star-shaped spoke or hash structure layout. Taking the ring-shaped layout of the electrode array as an example, each pixel unit radiates outward from the center, and the size of the pixel unit is not necessarily consistent; the electrode array 111 is divided into several electrode partitions, and each electrode partition is connected with the central controller 3 through an independent switching circuit.

[0043] The above design makes the PCB circuit substrate 11 play a crucial role in the photoelectric conversion process, laying a solid foundation for subsequent calculation of spot parameters.

[0044] The colloidal quantum dot coating layer 12 is a functional material with excellent optoelectronic properties, characterized by high-efficiency photoelectric conversion effect on different wavelengths of light signals. Specifically, colloidal quantum dots form stable nanostructures through interaction with ligand molecules on their surfaces, significantly improving light absorption efficiency and carrier mobility. When light signals irradiate the colloidal quantum dot coating layer 12, photons are absorbed and excite electron-hole pairs, which are then separated and transported to the PCB circuit substrate 11 under the action of an electric field, completing the conversion of light signals to electrical signals. Compared with traditional fluorescent materials, colloidal quantum dots have higher quantum yield and narrower emission spectrum, which makes the detection array 1 have significant advantages in sensitivity, resolution, and anti-interference ability. In addition, the preparation process of the colloidal quantum dot coating layer 12 is relatively simple and low-cost, providing convenient conditions for its popularization in practical applications.

[0045] Further, the detection array 1 also includes a protective layer 13 fixed above the colloidal quantum dot coating layer 12. The protective layer 13 is a glass window or silicon material, which can use neutral density attenuation materials according to the application power scenario, mainly to isolate air and seal the coating layer, attenuate light intensity, and form a fixed structure, and fix the PCB circuit substrate 11 layer by adhesive bonding.

[0046] Specifically, the effective sensing area of the detection array 1 is 30*30mm, and the size of the PCB circuit substrate 11 of the detection array 1 is 35*40mm. The PCB circuit substrate 11 adopts a 6-layer board design, in which the pixel array arranged on the upper surface layer adopts a star-shaped layout, and the size of the through-hole copper electrode is 0.5mm in diameter. The pixel array adopts 24*30, with 30 pixels in a row, and a total of 720 pixels. The first four rows of pixel rows are center cross structures, with a distance of 15mm. The next four rows are distributed at an angle of 45°, with a diagonal length of 21.2mm, and the pixel spacing is increased by 1.4 times. In this way, the effective detection area is divided into 8 partitions at an angle of 45°, and in each partition, 1 row is added, for a total of 8 rows, which are further divided into 22.5° partitions, for a total of 16 partitions. In each 22.5° partition, 1 more subdivided short row of 15 pixels is added, and the subdivided short rows in adjacent partitions are combined into one 30-pixel complete row, for a total of 8 rows, which accumulates 24 rows. Among them, the first 16 rows have pixel center spacings of 0.5mm to 1mm, with a minimum detection spacing of >0.5mm; the last 8 rows have pixel center spacings of 1mm. The 6-layer board design is adopted, and 4 rows of electrodes are distributed on each layer, with a total of 120 lines. The four corners of the back of the PCB circuit substrate 11 are electrode pad areas.

[0047] In another design to reduce costs, the pixel spacing of the subdivided short rows in the partitions is increased, and the number of pixels is reduced. The subdivided short rows of the four partitions are one 30-pixel complete row, which can reduce the number of rows.

[0048] Outside the 720 pixel electrode area, a long side increases 30*1mm common electrode. The colloidal quantum dot coating layer 12 covers the 30*30 electrode area, and the colloidal quantum dot coating process is completed. Finally, the surface electrode of the coating layer is connected with the common electrode by wire, and a 35*35mm neutral attenuation sheet is fixed on the PCB circuit substrate 11 by gluing, so that the design and manufacture of the detection array 1 are completed. If visible light shielding is required, a silicon wafer can be used as a protective layer 13.

[0049] In another embodiment, the visualization panel uses a 30*30mm wide detection array 1, with 24*30 pixel rows; the display module 2 is a liquid crystal screen with a resolution of 300*300, the control board uses a 4bit digital signal processing circuit design, and the central processor MCU chip is a single-chip microcomputer chip, which is powered by a battery. The control board receives the electrical signal of the detection array 1, and then calculates the position information and intensity information of the electrical signal by the central processor chip algorithm, converts the position information and intensity information into size and brightness, and outputs the image data to the display module 2; the display module 2 displays the image data as spot position information, spot size information and spot intensity distribution information.

[0050] The central controller 3 mainly includes a high-performance processor, a large-capacity memory and various interface circuits. The processor is responsible for executing complex data processing algorithms, such as signal filtering, feature extraction and parameter calculation, etc.; the memory is used to store intermediate data and final results to ensure data security and traceability. At the software level, the central controller 3 is equipped with specially designed algorithm programs, which can accurately calculate the parameters of the light spot according to the digital signal transmitted by the detection array 1 and output to the display module 2. For example, by introducing machine learning-based algorithms, the central controller 3 can realize intelligent recognition and classification of light spot shape, thereby further improving detection accuracy and efficiency. The central controller 3 also integrates an electrode array 111 control module for controlling the switching sequence of different electrode partitions. Therefore, the central controller 3 also has a dynamic adjustment function, which can optimize the working state of the detection array 1 in real time according to the change of environmental light signal, ensuring that the device can maintain stable performance under various complex conditions.

[0051] The display module 2 is an important part of the light spot detection visualization device, and its type can be selected according to actual needs, such as an LCD display screen or an LED array. Regardless of the type, the main function of the display module 2 is to receive and display the light spot parameter information output by the central controller 3, such as position, size, intensity, etc. Taking the LCD display screen as an example, it realizes the intuitive presentation of the light spot parameters through a high-resolution pixel matrix, and supports multiple visualization modes, such as a two-dimensional plan view and a three-dimensional model, to meet the needs of different application scenarios. In addition, the display module 2 also has human-computer interaction function, and the user can adjust and query the display content in real time through the touch screen or external equipment. This design not only improves the operation convenience of the device, but also enhances the user experience, making the light spot detection results more easily understood and applied.

[0052] Referring to Figure 6 In a second aspect of the present application, a light spot detection visualization method is provided, which specifically includes the following steps:

[0053] S1, collecting ambient light signals through a detection array, and calculating the pixel signal position distribution characteristics of the current frame.

[0054] The electrode array is composed of MxN pixel units, and the electrode array is arranged on a PCB substrate. Independent signal transmission is realized between the pixel units through a cross electrode design.

[0055] In this process, the colloidal quantum dot coating layer first absorbs light signals of a target wavelength and converts them into electrical signals output to the electrode array. The system synchronously collects the output current / voltage of each pixel unit to form an original signal matrix S(m, n), where m and n are pixel coordinates. Thresholding processing is performed on S(m, n) to identify effective response pixels (those with gray value / current higher than the threshold value). The (m, n) coordinates of the effective pixels are counted, and their geometric center, distribution standard deviation, and directionality (such as major axis / minor axis) are calculated. The light signal position distribution graph (such as a heat map or a vector graph) of the current frame is generated. In addition, in order to solve the problem of signal attenuation in low light conditions, a signal amplification mechanism is introduced, and a multi-stage amplification circuit is set in the pixel readout circuit to ensure clear signal output even in low light environments.

[0056] S2, reading the digital signals of each electrode array partition according to the light signal pixel position information.

[0057] After completing the collection of ambient light signals, the central controller will divide the electrode array into K electrode partitions according to the position information of the light signal pixels. The number of partitions can be determined according to the expected size of the light spot, the system processing bandwidth, and the anti-interference requirements.

[0058] The digital signals of all pixels in each partition are acquired sequentially or synchronously by time division multiplexing (TDM) or parallel reading technology. The analog signals are converted into digital values D_k(m,n) by ADC,

[0059] S3. Based on the digital signals of the electrode array partitions, the spot parameters are calculated by a preset algorithm.

[0060] Specifically, the digital signal matrix D_k(m,n) of each electrode partition k, where (m,n) is the pixel coordinate and D_k is the signal intensity, is fused by weighting the signals of adjacent partitions to reduce the discreteness of the edge pixels. The position (m',n') of the maximum signal intensity in each partition is identified as a candidate point of the local center of the spot. The global spot center is calculated by weighted averaging the signal intensity and position information of each partition.

[0061] According to the digital signals of each pixel unit in the effective partition, the spot contour line is generated by correlation point interpolation;

[0062] Specifically, for each pixel unit in the effective partition, the gradient values of its digital signal intensity in the horizontal and vertical directions are calculated, and the position of the signal intensity mutation, i.e., the correlation candidate point, is identified.

[0063] According to the signal intensity distribution of the current partition, the correlation point judgment threshold is dynamically adjusted. For example, a local adaptive threshold method is used to mark the pixel points with gradient values higher than the threshold and significant intensity differences between adjacent pixels as correlation points.

[0064] The initially detected correlation points are subjected to morphological filtering to remove isolated noise points and simultaneously merge adjacent correlation points to form a continuous correlation point chain.

[0065] Between adjacent correlation points, intermediate interpolation points are generated according to a preset interpolation resolution (e.g., 0.1-0.5 pixels per pixel spacing). For areas with sharp signal gradient changes (e.g., steep edges of the spot), the density of interpolation points is increased; in flat areas, the interpolation points are reduced to balance the precision and computational load. The interpolation points are smoothed by a curve fitting algorithm (e.g., least squares method) to eliminate jagged edges caused by discrete pixels and ensure the continuity and geometric consistency of the contour line.

[0066] According to the spot contour line, the area and center position of the spot are calculated.

[0067] S5. The spot parameters are output to the display module.

[0068] Finally, the central controller transmits the calculated spot parameters (including position coordinates, major axis length, minor axis length, etc.) to the display module through the data interface, so that the user can intuitively understand the real-time state of the spot.

[0069] Based on the above embodiments, it can be seen that in terms of detection accuracy, the application uses colloidal quantum dot material as the core light-sensitive element of the detection array, which greatly improves the light sensitivity and resolution of the device. Due to its unique optical properties, colloidal quantum dots can accurately capture light signals at the nanoscale, and their spectral response range is wide, covering multiple light sources from ultraviolet to near-infrared wavelengths. Compared with traditional fluorescence colorimetric cards or visible light CMOS imaging chips, colloidal quantum dot materials not only have higher light absorption efficiency, but also can effectively reduce noise interference, thereby significantly improving the accuracy of spot position and size detection. In addition, by optimizing the design of the PCB circuit substrate, the signal crosstalk between pixel units is minimized, further enhancing the detection accuracy. Secondly, in terms of improving detection efficiency, the application introduces parallel signal readout modules and signal preprocessing modules, which together realize efficient processing of spot signals. Specifically, the parallel signal readout module can simultaneously collect data from multiple pixel units and transmit the signals to the central controller for analysis through a high-speed data transmission channel. This design avoids the time delay problem in traditional serial reading mode, greatly shortening the data processing period. At the same time, the signal preprocessing module performs preliminary filtering and compression on the data before it is uploaded to the central controller, reducing the subsequent computational burden and further improving the overall system efficiency.

[0070] Finally, the application solves the deficiency of the prior art in terms of interactivity, and realizes real-time interaction with the user through the central controller. Traditional fluorescence colorimetric cards or single imaging chip solutions usually only provide passive spot visualization results, lacking feedback capability for user operations. However, the application integrates a central controller, allowing users to dynamically adjust detection parameters such as changing detection sensitivity, setting alarm thresholds, etc. In addition, the central controller supports multiple output interfaces, allowing the detection results to be displayed in graphical interface form on external devices, making it easy for users to understand and analyze data intuitively. This interactive design not only improves user experience, but also provides the possibility for flexible application in multiple scenarios.

[0071] The above-described embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the application, rather than limit them; although the application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or make equivalent replacements for some technical features; and these modifications or replacements do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the application, and should be included in the protection scope of the application.

Claims

1. A spot detection visualization device comprising a detection array, a display module and a central controller, characterized in that, The detection array comprises a PCB circuit substrate and a colloidal quantum dot coating layer, wherein: The colloidal quantum dot coating layer is coated on the PCB circuit substrate and converts incident light signals into electrical signals through photoelectric conversion effect; The PCB circuit substrate comprises a pixel readout circuit electrically connected to the colloidal quantum dot coating layer, which is used to read out, amplify and process the electrical signals generated by the colloidal quantum dot coating layer due to light signal conversion to generate digital signals; The central controller is used to calculate the light spot parameters according to the digital signals and output to the display module.

2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein, The pixel readout circuit of the PCB circuit substrate comprises: A plurality of pixel units, the electrode array formed by the pixel units is electrically connected to the colloidal quantum dot coating layer; A parallel signal readout module for simultaneously collecting electrical signals received by a plurality of pixel units; A signal preprocessing module for amplifying, filtering and analog-to-digital converting the electrical signals.

3. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein, The pixel units form the electrode array on the upper surface of the PCB in a ring, star spoke or hash structure, and the electrode array is divided into a plurality of electrode partitions, each of which is connected to the central controller through an independent switching circuit.

4. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein, The detection array further comprises a protective layer, which is a glass window or a silicon window sheet and is fixed above the colloidal quantum dot coating layer.

5. The apparatus of any one of claims 1-4, wherein, The central controller is integrated with an algorithm module, which is used to adjust the electrode partitions of the electrode array and calculate the light spot parameters according to the digital signals of the electrode partitions.

6. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein, The central controller is further integrated with an electrode array control module, which is used to control the signal reading logic of different electrode partitions to form frame data.

7. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein, The light spot parameters are transmitted to the display module in a graphical signal, and the display module outputs patterns and data, which are used to represent the shape parameters and energy distribution characteristics of the incident light spot.

8. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein, After superimposing the sampling time information, the display module can output the trajectory information of the incident light spot over time.

9. A method of light spot detection visualization, applied to the device of any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that, The method comprises the following steps: Collecting ambient light signals through a detection array to calculate the pixel signal position distribution characteristics of the current frame; Reading the digital signals of each electrode array partition according to the light signal pixel position information; Calculating the light spot parameters through a preset algorithm based on the digital signals of the electrode array partitions; Outputting the light spot parameters to a display module.

10. The method of claim 9, wherein, The method of calculating the light spot parameters through a preset algorithm based on the digital signals of the electrode array partitions comprises: Performing dynamic threshold determination on the digital signals of each electrode array partition to determine effective partitions; Generating a light spot contour line through correlation point interpolation according to the digital signals of each pixel unit in the effective partitions; Calculating the area, center position and light spot characteristic parameters of the light spot according to the light spot contour line.

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