Electrically small hybrid multipole integrated super-directional antenna

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of antennas, in particular to an electrically small hybrid multipole integrated super-directional antenna. Comprising a microstrip balun, an antenna structure and a plastic clamp, the antenna adopts a coupled resonator structure with differential feed at the bottom end to form a pair of electric dipole modes of which current distribution is approximately equal in amplitude and opposite in phase so as to realize super-directional radiation. The pair of dipole antenna units is composed of Egypt axe-shaped dipoles so as to realize the structural miniaturization of the dipoles, and the dipoles are arranged in parallel along the z axis. The vertical metal members connected to the two sides of the central gap of the dipole antenna unit are symmetrically arranged along the x axis to provide mechanical support and fine adjustment of current distribution so as to improve the super-directivity level. The semi-ring metal component structures connected to the other side of the central gap of the dipole antenna unit are also symmetrically arranged along the x axis, and adjustment of impedance matching is realized by introducing a new current path.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application relates to the technical field of antennas, in particular to an electrically small mixed multi-pole integrated super-directivity antenna. BACKGROUND

[0002] The super-directivity antenna can obtain higher directivity and gain than conventional designs under the condition of a smaller electric size, can effectively improve signal transmission distance and anti-interference capability, and is suitable for point-to-point high-gain communication. However, the traditional super-directivity antenna usually relies on multi-port feeding or an external matching network, and has a complex structure and low efficiency, which is not conducive to application in terminal equipment with limited space. In a typical sensor network, a directional antenna with higher directivity and gain can not only improve the sampling resolution of a single sensor device, but also improve the quality of point-to-point and point-to-multiple communication. Therefore, it is very necessary to develop a differential feeding, self-resonance, super-directivity binary mixed multi-pole antenna.

[0003] Moreover, the differential feeding and self-resonance design can stably excite the required mode without an additional matching network, reduce feeding loss, and be more suitable for the needs of Internet of Things terminals, wireless sensors and portable communication devices and the like. Therefore, we propose a differential feeding, self-resonance, super-directivity binary mixed multi-pole antenna which realizes super-directivity and high efficiency while maintaining an electrically small size. SUMMARY

[0004] The application discloses an electrically small mixed multi-pole integrated super-directivity antenna, which comprises a microstrip balun, an antenna structure and a plastic clamp, the antenna structure is installed above the microstrip balun, and the plastic clamp is installed above the antenna structure.

[0005] The antenna structure comprises symmetrically arranged integrated left and right metal resonators, the integrated left and right metal resonators form a battle-axe type dipole with a gap in the middle, and the differential feeding is connected to the integrated left and right metal resonators in the gap.

[0006] Further, the integrated left metal resonator comprises a first anchor-shaped metal member, a third anchor-shaped metal member, a first half-ring metal member and a first vertical metal member; the first anchor-shaped metal member and the third anchor-shaped metal member are arranged in parallel with a spacing therebetween, the first vertical metal member is located on one side of the anchor handle, and two ends of the first vertical metal member are connected to the first anchor-shaped metal member and the third anchor-shaped metal member respectively, the first half-ring metal member is located on the other side of the anchor handle, and two ends of the first half-ring metal member are connected to the first anchor-shaped metal member and the third anchor-shaped metal member respectively.

[0007] Further, the integrated right metal resonator comprises a second anchor-shaped metal member, a fourth anchor-shaped metal member, a second half-ring metal member and a second vertical metal member; the second anchor-shaped metal member and the fourth anchor-shaped metal member are arranged in parallel and spaced apart in up and down directions, the second vertical metal member is located at one side of the anchor handle and connected to the second anchor-shaped metal member and the fourth anchor-shaped metal member at two ends respectively, and the second half-ring metal member is located at the other side of the anchor handle and connected to the second anchor-shaped metal member and the fourth anchor-shaped metal member at two ends respectively.

[0008] Further, the differential feed is a single-end to double-end differential feed structure, one end of which is connected to a 50Ω coaxial feeder, and the other end is connected to the integrated left metal resonator and the integrated right metal resonator in the gap.

[0009] Further, the integrated left metal resonator and the integrated right metal resonator are both made by numerical control machine tool process, and any one of the following metal materials is used:

[0010] Copper, red copper, aluminum, magnesium aluminum.

[0011] Further, the outer diameter r1 of the first anchor-shaped metal member, the third anchor-shaped metal member, the second anchor-shaped metal member and the fourth anchor-shaped metal member is 18.4 mm, the inner diameter r2 is 14.85 mm, and the included angle θ corresponding to the semicircular segment of the end of the anchor-shaped metal member is 45°.

[0012] The arc end length l3 of the first anchor-shaped metal member, the third anchor-shaped metal member, the second anchor-shaped metal member and the fourth anchor-shaped metal member is 26 mm, and the thickness h3 is 2.1 mm.

[0013] The distance h1 between the upper end surface of the first anchor-shaped metal member and the lower end surface of the third anchor-shaped metal member, and the distance between the upper end surface of the second anchor-shaped metal member and the lower end surface of the fourth anchor-shaped metal member is 13.5 mm; the distance h2 between the lower end surface of the first anchor-shaped metal member and the upper end surface of the third anchor-shaped metal member, and the distance between the lower end surface of the second anchor-shaped metal member and the upper end surface of the fourth anchor-shaped metal member is 9.3 mm.

[0014] Further, the ring end length l1 of the first half-ring metal member and the second half-ring metal member is 8 mm, and the width w1 is 3.5 mm.

[0015] The vertical distance l2 from the first half-ring metal member to the first vertical metal member, and the vertical distance from the second half-ring metal member to the second vertical metal member is 12.5 mm.

[0016] The distance between the first vertical metal member and the first half-ring metal member, and the distance between the second vertical metal member and the second half-ring metal member w3 are the same, both being 10.5 mm.

[0017] The width w4 of the first vertical metal member, the second vertical metal member, the first half-ring metal member and the second half-ring metal member is the same, and is 1 mm.

[0018] Further, the third anchor-shaped metal member and the fourth anchor-shaped metal member are provided with bosses for welding the microstrip balun near one side of the gap, the length l4 of the boss is 3.5 mm, and the width w2 is 0.1 mm.

[0019] Further, the width g1 of the gap is 1 mm.

[0020] Due to the above technical solutions, the application has the following beneficial effects:

[0021] 1. The binary mixed dipole antenna of the application realizes super directivity radiation better than the limit of the Harington theory under the condition of electrically small size, and can significantly improve the directivity and gain level of the antenna in limited installation space.

[0022] 2. The differential feeding and self-resonance structure design is adopted, and good 50Ω impedance matching can be obtained without external matching network, effectively reducing the feeding loss and improving the overall efficiency.

[0023] 3. The reactive loading structure formed by the metal ring and the vertical support suppresses unnecessary radiation modes, realizes stable amplitude and phase distribution, and thus obtains high gain and high efficiency.

[0024] 4. The structure is compact and the processing technology is simple, and can be formed by CNC or metal 3D printing once, and is especially suitable for wireless sensor network, portable communication device network and other applications that require high gain, small size and narrow band directional radiation.

[0025] Other advantages, objects and features of the application will be set forth in part in the specification which follows, and in part will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon examination of the following or can be learned from practice of the application. The objects and other advantages of the application can be realized and attained by the means and combinations pointed out in the following description. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0026] The drawings of the application are as follows.

[0027] Figure 1 It is a three-dimensional view of the binary mixed dipole super directivity antenna of the application.

[0028] Figure 2 It is a top view of the binary mixed dipole super directivity antenna of the application.

[0029] Figure 3 It is a side view of the binary mixed dipole super directivity antenna of the application.

[0030] Figure 4 Front view of the binary mixed-dipole super-directive antenna according to the present application;

[0031] Figure 5 Three-dimensional perspective view of the binary mixed-dipole super-directive antenna according to the present application;

[0032] Figure 6 S-parameter curve of the binary mixed-dipole super-directive antenna according to the present application;

[0033] Figure 7 E-plane pattern of the binary mixed-dipole super-directive antenna according to the present application;

[0034] Figure 8 H-plane pattern of the binary mixed-dipole super-directive antenna according to the present application; Figure 9 Pattern characteristic diagram of the binary mixed-dipole super-directive antenna according to the present application at 2.331 GHz.

[0035] In the figure: 1. first anchor-shaped metal member; 2. second anchor-shaped metal member; 3. third anchor-shaped metal member; 4. fourth anchor-shaped metal member; 5. first vertical metal member; 6. second vertical metal member; 7. first half-ring metal member; 8. second half-ring metal member; 9. gap; 10. plastic clamp; 11. antenna structure; 12. microstrip balun. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0036] The present application will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and examples.

[0037] A small electric mixed multi-pole integrated super-directive antenna, as shown in Figure 1 , Figure 5 and Figure 6 , comprises a microstrip balun 12, an antenna structure 11 and a plastic clamp 10, the antenna structure 11 is installed above the microstrip balun 12, and the plastic clamp 10 is installed above the antenna structure 11; the antenna structure 11 comprises symmetrically arranged integrated left metal resonator and integrated right metal resonator, the integrated left metal resonator and the integrated right metal resonator form a battle-axe type dipole with a gap 9 in the middle, and the integrated left metal resonator and the integrated right metal resonator are connected by differential feeding inside the gap 9.

[0038] The integrated left metal resonator comprises a first anchor-shaped metal member 1, a third anchor-shaped metal member 3, a first half-ring metal member 7 and a first vertical metal member 5; the first anchor-shaped metal member 1 and the third anchor-shaped metal member 3 are arranged in parallel with an interval, the first vertical metal member 5 is located on one side of the anchor handle, and the two ends are connected with the first anchor-shaped metal member 1 and the third anchor-shaped metal member 3 respectively, and the first half-ring metal member 7 is located on the other side of the anchor handle, and the two ends are connected with the first anchor-shaped metal member 1 and the third anchor-shaped metal member 3 respectively.

[0039] The integrated right metal resonator comprises a second anchor-shaped metal member 2, a fourth anchor-shaped metal member 4, a second half-ring metal member 8 and a second vertical metal member 6; the second anchor-shaped metal member 2 and the fourth anchor-shaped metal member 4 are arranged in parallel with an interval, the second vertical metal member 6 is located on one side of the anchor handle, and the two ends are connected with the second anchor-shaped metal member 2 and the fourth anchor-shaped metal member 4 respectively, and the second half-ring metal member 8 is located on the other side of the anchor handle, and the two ends are connected with the second anchor-shaped metal member 2 and the fourth anchor-shaped metal member 4 respectively.

[0040] The integrated left metal resonator and the integrated right metal resonator are both made of numerical control machine tool process, and any one of the following metal materials is used: copper, red copper, aluminum and magnesium aluminum.

[0041] It should be noted that the first anchor-shaped metal member 1, the second anchor-shaped metal member 2, the third anchor-shaped metal member 3 and the fourth anchor-shaped metal member 4 constitute an Egyptian axe-shaped dipole, the Egyptian axe-shaped dipole is placed in parallel along the z axis, and the structure miniaturization of the dipole is realized as a pair of dipole antenna units. The vertical metal members connected on both sides of the center gap of the dipole antenna unit are arranged symmetrically along the x axis, and provide fine adjustment of mechanical support and current distribution to improve the super directivity level. The half-ring metal members connected on the other side of the center gap of the dipole antenna unit are also arranged symmetrically along the x axis, and a new current path is introduced to realize the adjustment of impedance matching.

[0042] The differential feed is a single-ended to double-ended differential feed structure, such as a microstrip balun, a sleeve balun, etc., one end is connected with a 50Ω coaxial feeder, and the other end is connected with the integrated left metal resonator and the integrated right metal resonator in the gap 9 to realize super directivity radiation. The first vertical metal member 5 and the second vertical metal member 6 are used to adjust the impedance matching and the current amplitude ratio, and the second half-ring metal member 7 and the second half-ring metal member 8 form closed loops on both sides of the symmetric resonator respectively, the distance between the closed loops is equal to the feed gap 9, and is much smaller than 0.01λ, so as to ensure that the radiation fields of the loop currents are mutually cancelled in the far field, and are used to provide reactive loading. In actual test, in addition to the metal structure itself, the antenna structure also needs a plastic clamp and a balun structure for actual use, but the clamp and the balun structure can be replaced by other forms.

[0043] The parameters of the embodiment correspond to the positions shown in Figure 2 , Figure 3 and Figure 4 , and the optimal dimensions are shown in the following table:

[0044]

[0045]

[0046] After the initial design described above, simulation analysis is performed using high-frequency electromagnetic simulation software CST, wherein h1 represents the spacing of the upper and lower anchor-shaped metal members along the z-axis, preferably 13.5 mm; g1 represents the gap width of the differential feed, preferably 1.0 mm; r1 represents the outer radius of the fan-shaped end of the anchor-shaped metal member, preferably 18.4 mm; r2 represents the inner radius of the fan-shaped end of the anchor-shaped metal member, preferably 14.85 mm; θ represents the included angle between the fan-shaped end and the y-axis, preferably 45°; l1 represents the horizontal arm length of the anchor-shaped metal member on the side close to the feed gap, preferably 8.0 mm; l2 represents the spacing of the half-ring metal member and the corresponding vertical metal member along the x-axis, preferably 12.5 mm; l3 represents the total length of the anchor-shaped metal member along the x-axis, preferably 26.0 mm; l4 represents the boss length for welding of the balun / differential structure at the bottom end, which is set according to assembly needs; w1 represents the horizontal arm width on the gap side, preferably 3.5 mm; w2 represents the width of the vertical metal member on the gap side, preferably 0.1 mm; w3 represents the spacing of the vertical metal member on the same side and the corresponding half-ring metal member along the x-axis, preferably 10.5 mm; w4 represents the width of the vertical metal member and the half-ring metal member, preferably 1.0 mm; h2 represents the net spacing of the upper and lower anchor-shaped metal members along the x-axis after deducting the metal thickness, preferably 9.3 mm; and h3 represents the anchor-shaped metal member, preferably 2.1 mm. The above dimensions can be fine-tuned within the conventional machining tolerance range, on the premise of maintaining left-right symmetry and satisfying self-resonance matching and equal-amplitude anti-phase current distribution.

[0047] The analysis results are as follows:

[0048] Figure 7 The reflection coefficient |S nn of the binary mixed dipole super-directivity antenna of the application is simulated and tested. The simulation results and the test results have good consistency, and the test results show that the antenna can work well within 2.306 to 2.346 GHz.

[0049] Figure 8 The radiation pattern characteristic of the binary mixed dipole super-directivity antenna of the application at 2.331 GHz is shown in the figure. The test results show that the antenna has good high directivity in the direction of the electric field plane, which can make the signal have high directivity, and is suitable for point-to-point communication.

[0050] Figure 9The figure characteristic of the binary mixed dipole super directivity antenna of the application at 2.331GHz. The test results show that the antenna has good directivity in the magnetic field plane direction, the antenna gain is high, and the working distance requirement of the backhaul link when the point-to-point communication is met.

[0051] Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application, but not to limit it, although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the above examples, those skilled in the art should understand that: the specific embodiments of the present application can be modified or replaced by the equivalent, without departing from the spirit and scope of the present application, any modification or equivalent replacement, which should be covered within the protection scope of the claims of the present application.

Claims

1. An electrically small hybrid multi-pole integrated super-directive antenna, characterized by, The application relates to a microstrip balun (12), an antenna structure (11) and a plastic clamp (10), wherein the antenna structure (11) is arranged above the microstrip balun (12), and the plastic clamp (10) is arranged above the antenna structure (11). The antenna structure (11) comprises symmetrically arranged integrated left and right metal resonators, and the integrated left and right metal resonators form a battle-axe type dipole with a gap (9) in the middle; and the integrated left and right metal resonators are connected by a differential feed in the gap (9). The integrated left metal resonator comprises a first anchor-shaped metal component (1), a third anchor-shaped metal component (3), a first half-ring metal component (7) and a first vertical metal component (5); the first anchor-shaped metal component (1) and the third anchor-shaped metal component (3) are arranged in parallel and spaced apart from each other, the first vertical metal component (5) is arranged on one side of the anchor shank and connected to the first anchor-shaped metal component (1) and the third anchor-shaped metal component (3) at two ends, and the first half-ring metal component (7) is arranged on the other side of the anchor shank and connected to the first anchor-shaped metal component (1) and the third anchor-shaped metal component (3) at two ends.

2. The electrically small hybrid multipole integrated superdirective antenna of claim 1, wherein The integrated right metal resonator comprises a second anchor-shaped metal component (2), a fourth anchor-shaped metal component (4), a second half-ring metal component (8) and a second vertical metal component (6); the second anchor-shaped metal component (2) and the fourth anchor-shaped metal component (4) are arranged in parallel and spaced apart from each other, the second vertical metal component (6) is arranged on one side of the anchor shank and connected to the second anchor-shaped metal component (2) and the fourth anchor-shaped metal component (4) at two ends, and the second half-ring metal component (8) is arranged on the other side of the anchor shank and connected to the second anchor-shaped metal component (2) and the fourth anchor-shaped metal component (4) at two ends.

3. The electrically small hybrid multipole integrated superdirective antenna of claim 2, wherein, The differential feed is a single-end-to-dual-end differential feed structure, one end of which is connected to a 50 ohm coaxial feeder, and the other end is connected to the integrated left and right metal resonators in the gap (9).

4. The electrically small hybrid multipole integrated superdirective antenna of claim 1, wherein The integrated left and right metal resonators are manufactured by using a numerical control machine tool process, and any one of the following metal materials is used:

5. The electrically small hybrid multipole integrated superdirective antenna of claim 1, wherein, Copper, red copper, aluminum and magnesium aluminum. The outer diameter r1 of the first anchor-shaped metal component (1), the third anchor-shaped metal component (3), the second anchor-shaped metal component (2) and the fourth anchor-shaped metal component (4) is 18.4 mm, the inner diameter r2 is 14.85 mm, and the included angle theta corresponding to the semicircular segment of the end of the anchor-shaped metal component is 45 degrees.

6. The electrically small hybrid multipole integrated superdirective antenna of claim 3, wherein, The arc end length l3 of the first anchor-shaped metal component (1), the third anchor-shaped metal component (3), the second anchor-shaped metal component (2) and the fourth anchor-shaped metal component (4) is 26 mm, and the thickness h3 is 2.1 mm. ​ The distance h1 between the upper end face of the first anchor-shaped metal member (1) and the lower end face of the third anchor-shaped metal member (3), and the distance between the upper end face of the second anchor-shaped metal member (2) and the lower end face of the fourth anchor-shaped metal member (4) is 13.5 mm; the distance h2 between the lower end face of the first anchor-shaped metal member (1) and the upper end face of the third anchor-shaped metal member (3), and the distance between the lower end face of the second anchor-shaped metal member (2) and the upper end face of the fourth anchor-shaped metal member (4) is 9.3 mm.

7. The electrically small hybrid multipole integrated superdirective antenna of claim 3, wherein, The length l1 of the ring end of the first half-ring metal member (7) and the second half-ring metal member (8) is 8 mm, and the width w1 is 3.5 mm; The vertical distance l2 from the first half-ring metal member (7) to the first vertical metal member (5), and the vertical distance from the second half-ring metal member (8) to the second vertical metal member (6) is 12.5 mm; The distance w3 between the first vertical metal member (5) and the first half-ring metal member (7), and the distance between the second vertical metal member (6) and the second half-ring metal member (8) is the same, both being 10.5 mm; The width w4 of the first vertical metal member (5), the second vertical metal member (6), the first half-ring metal member (7) and the second half-ring metal member (8) is the same, all being 1 mm.

8. The electrically small hybrid multipole integrated superdirective antenna of claim 3, wherein, The third anchor-shaped metal member (3) and the fourth anchor-shaped metal member (4) are provided with bosses for welding microstrip barlens on the side close to the gap (9), the length l4 of the boss is 3.5 mm, and the width w2 is 0.1 mm.

9. The electrically small hybrid multipole integrated superdirective antenna of claim 3, wherein, The width g1 of the gap (9) is 1 mm.

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