Comprehensive prevention and control method for tobacco pepper vein mottle virus disease

Abstract

The invention discloses a comprehensive prevention and control method for tobacco pepper vein mottle virus disease, which comprises the following steps: S1, optimizing agricultural layout and preparing a field parcel: selecting an area far away from a vegetable field, a curing barn and an airing shed as a seedling raising and planting field, removing weeds in the seedling raising and planting field, then intercropping gramineous crops, and deeply ploughing and sunning upturned soil before winter; s2, prevention and control management in a seedling raising period: detecting pathogens, preventing and controlling diseases and pests, and managing, cleaning and disinfecting facilities; the application not only pays attention to reasonable use of pesticides, but also combines physical prevention and control (such as covering an insect-proof net), biological prevention and control and agricultural management (such as crop rotation and weed removal) to form a comprehensive prevention and control system; the virus resistance of the tobacco can be effectively improved, and meanwhile, the influence on the environment is reduced; aphidius avenae is used for biological control, biological insecticides (such as sophocarpidine and azadirachtin) are released to be alternately used with chemical agents, natural enemies are effectively utilized for pest control, and use of the chemical agents is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of tobacco and capsicum vein mottle virus disease control technology, specifically a comprehensive control method for tobacco and capsicum vein mottle virus disease. Background Technology

[0002] Tobacco and Pepper Vein Mottle Virus (TPV) is a viral plant disease that primarily affects tobacco (especially flue-cured tobacco) and peppers. This virus is transmitted through piercing-sucking insects such as aphids. Infected tobacco leaves typically exhibit mottled, yellowing, and prominent vein spots or streaks, hindering photosynthesis. Infected plants usually show slow growth, stunted growth, and yellowing leaves; in severe cases, leaf drop can occur, even affecting flowering and fruiting. The virus is transmitted by aphids (such as green mirid bugs), which feed on the sap of infected plants and then spread the virus to healthy plants. Current control methods primarily rely on chemical control, using insecticides such as deltamethrin and acetamiprid to control aphids during the seedling stage, before transplanting, and within 30 days after transplanting. However, excessive pesticide use not only affects tobacco quality but can also pollute the environment, soil, and water sources, harming the ecosystem. This approach is ineffective in controlling the spread of the virus and failing to reduce tobacco losses. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to provide a comprehensive prevention and control method for tobacco and capsicum vein mottle virus disease, so as to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a comprehensive prevention and control method for tobacco pepper vein mottle virus disease, comprising:

[0005] S1. Optimize agricultural layout and field preparation: Select areas far away from vegetable fields, drying rooms, and drying sheds as seedling and planting sites, remove weeds from seedling and planting sites, then intercrop with gramineous crops, and deep plow and sun-dry the soil before winter.

[0006] S2. Seedling stage prevention and control management: Detect pathogens, control pests and diseases, and manage and disinfect facilities;

[0007] S3. Transplanting with pesticide and initial control: 3 to 5 days before transplanting, spray insecticide on tobacco seedlings. After the soil is prepared and the soil is moistened, spray insecticide on the tobacco pond on the day of transplanting. After transplanting, cover the tobacco seedlings with silver mulch in time to use the reflection to repel aphids.

[0008] S4. Early field pest and disease control: Apply insecticides alternately every 7 to 10 days for a total of 2 to 3 times. 7 to 14 days before transplanting, use drones or manual spraying to carry out unified prevention and control of tobacco fields and surrounding areas within 5 to 50 meters.

[0009] S5. Management during the rosette stage and vigorous growth stage: Starting from the rosette stage, apply the above-mentioned insecticides 2-3 times every 7-10 days, and release aphid parasitoids once 15 days before transplanting to the field and once after transplanting.

[0010] S6. Use of antiviral agents and biological agents: Starting from the small cross stage, spray antiviral agents and biological agents regularly;

[0011] S7. Physical control: Install yellow sticky insect traps, 20-30 traps per acre, staggered in place;

[0012] S8. Eliminate the source of disease: Remove diseased plants, tobacco branches, and diseased plant debris from the bottom leaves, collect them in the treatment pool, destroy them with lime, and then bury them. After the tobacco leaves are harvested and after the curing is completed, clean up the tobacco stalks and waste leaves around the curing barn.

[0013] Preferably, the weed clearing range in S1 is 5m to 10m around the seedling and planting area.

[0014] Preferably, in S1, intercropping or rotation with Solanaceae, Brassicaceae, and Asteraceae crops should be avoided.

[0015] Preferably, in S1, during the deep plowing and sun-drying before winter, the plowing depth in mountainous areas should be no less than 20cm, the soil depth should be no less than 30cm, and crop residues should be removed.

[0016] Preferably, the pathogen detection is performed on soil, water source, and substrate seedling materials 15 days to 2 days before seedling cultivation; and the leaves of tobacco seedlings are sampled 5 days to 7 days before transplanting, and the virus carrying rate should be controlled within 0.5%.

[0017] Preferably, the pest and disease control measures include alternating spraying of deltamethrin and lambda-cyhalothrin insecticides every 15 days during the seedling stage; and spraying the seedbed and materials with acetamiprid and deltamethrin 3 to 5 days before seedling cultivation.

[0018] Preferably, the facility management and cleaning and disinfection include covering with 50-60 mesh insect-proof netting; and disinfecting the greenhouse, seedling trays, and leaf-pruning tools with 20% cymoxanil aqueous solution or chlorine dioxide.

[0019] Preferably, the insecticide is acetamiprid, deltamethrin, or lambda-cyhalothrin.

[0020] Preferably, from the small cross stage in S6, amino oligosaccharide, hypersensitive protein, and lentinan are sprayed every 7 to 10 days to improve the resistance of tobacco plants; one day before each leaf pruning, a mixture of lipid-copper sulfate and guanidine-copper acetate antiviral agent is sprayed; after the film breaks, amino oligosaccharide and ningnanmycin are sprayed alternately 2 to 3 times every 7 to 10 days.

[0021] Compared with existing technologies, the beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: This application not only focuses on the rational use of pesticides, but also combines physical control (such as covering with insect-proof nets), biological control (such as aphid parasitoids and biological insecticides), and agricultural management (such as crop rotation and weeding) to form a comprehensive prevention and control system; it can effectively improve the tobacco's resistance to viruses while reducing the impact on the environment; using aphid parasitoids for biological control, and alternating the release of biological insecticides (such as matrine and azadirachtin) with chemical agents, effectively utilizes natural enemies for pest control, reducing the use of chemical agents, thereby reducing the risk of environmental pollution and pest resistance; by using plant immune inducers such as amino oligosaccharides and lentinan, the disease resistance of tobacco plants is improved, which is not only environmentally friendly, but also helps to improve the health level and production efficiency of crops. Attached Figure Description

[0022] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the steps of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0023] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0024] Please see Figure 1 This invention provides a technical solution: a comprehensive prevention and control method for tobacco and pepper vein mottle virus disease.

[0025] S1. Optimize agricultural layout and field preparation:

[0026] Choose areas far from vegetable fields, tobacco drying yards, and other drying sheds as seedling and planting sites. Clear weeds from the seedling site and the area within 5-10 meters around the tobacco field, focusing on eliminating intermediate hosts of viruses such as black nightshade (Solanaceae) and beggar-ticks and tufts (Asteraceae). Implement reasonable crop rotation, avoiding intercropping or rotation with Solanaceae, Brassicaceae, and Asteraceae crops; intercropping with gramineous crops is acceptable. Deeply plow and expose the soil to the sun before winter; in mountainous areas, the plowing depth should be no less than 20 cm, and for ground tobacco, no less than 30 cm. Remove crop residues to reduce sources of infection and overwintering insects.

[0027] It should be noted that in this embodiment, the tobacco field is located away from vegetable fields, drying barns, and sheds, as these areas are prone to becoming sources of pathogens. For example, drying barns and sheds are often pathways for virus transmission because these places frequently accumulate pests and residual pathogens. By selecting land away from these areas, the risk of pathogen transmission can be reduced. Weeds within a 5-10 meter radius around the tobacco field should be cleared. Weeds are not only intermediate hosts for viruses but also habitats for pests. In particular, certain weeds (such as black nightshade from the Solanaceae family and beggar-ticks and sedge from the Asteraceae family) are hosts for the transmission of pepper vein mottle virus; clearing these weeds can significantly reduce the source of virus transmission. Solanaceae, Brassicaceae, and Asteraceae crops are generally susceptible to virus infection; therefore, intercropping or rotating with these crops increases the risk of virus transmission. By rationally selecting crops for rotation (such as gramineous crops), virus accumulation can be effectively reduced, reducing the source of virus in the soil and thus reducing the occurrence of diseases. Gramineous crops (such as corn and rice) are relatively less susceptible to virus infection; intercropping with these crops can reduce the occurrence of viral diseases. Meanwhile, the root systems of gramineous crops help improve soil structure and enhance soil fertility, providing a better growing environment for tobacco. Deep plowing and sun-drying before winter: Deep plowing effectively turns the soil, disrupting the habitat of diseases and pests and reducing the survival chances of pathogens in the soil. Especially in winter, the low temperature of the soil helps pathogens die, and deep plowing can bring pathogens from the soil to the surface, promoting their faster death. Plowing depth in mountainous areas should be no less than 20cm, and for tobacco fields, it should be more than 30cm: The depth of deep plowing is directly related to whether the habitat of pathogens can be effectively disrupted. Deep plowing of more than 30cm ensures that the topsoil is thoroughly turned, increasing the elimination rate of viruses and pests. Removing crop residues reduces sources of infection and overwintering pests: Crop residues are overwintering sites for diseases and pests. Timely removal of crop residues can reduce the survival and reproduction of viruses and pests, providing a healthier growing environment for the following year's crops. Deep plowing and sun-drying not only helps remove diseased residues but also further eliminates pests and pathogens through sunlight exposure. Black nightshade, beggar-ticks, and sedge are vectors for pepper vein mottle virus, with black nightshade being particularly potent in its transmission. Removing these weeds around the field can significantly reduce the virus's transmission routes and decrease the risk of infection in tobacco fields. Choosing appropriate crop rotation and intercropping, and avoiding contact with virus-susceptible crops, can reduce the spread and accumulation of the virus. This also lowers the probability of infection in tobacco and improves the overall disease resistance of the tobacco crop. Deep tillage and proper fertilization can improve soil structure and fertility, increase crop vigor, and enhance tobacco's disease resistance. Furthermore, deep tillage is highly effective in managing pest sources, significantly reducing pest occurrences.

[0028] S2. Seedling stage prevention and control management:

[0029] Pathogen detection: 15 days to 2 days before seedling raising, conduct rapid virus testing on soil, water sources, and substrate seedling materials; 5 days to 7 days before transplanting, randomly sample tobacco seedling leaves, and the virus carrying rate should be controlled within 0.5%.

[0030] Pest and disease control: During the seedling stage, alternately spray with deltamethrin and lambda-cyhalothrin insecticides every 15 days. 3-5 days before seedling stage, spray the seedbed and materials with acetamiprid and deltamethrin.

[0031] Facility management and cleaning / disinfection: Cover with 50-60 mesh insect-proof netting. Disinfect the greenhouse, seedling trays, and leaf-pruning tools with 20% cymoxanil aqueous solution or chlorine dioxide. Provide handwashing and disinfection pools, prohibit smoking, and ensure clean water sources.

[0032] It is important to note that in this embodiment, checking the seedling environment for viruses before the seedling stage is crucial. Testing the soil, water, and substrate for viruses effectively identifies potential virus sources, allowing for preventative measures. Rapid testing helps identify virus sources early, preventing pathogen spread during the seedling stage. Before transplanting, leaves of tobacco seedlings are sampled for virus testing to ensure the virus infection rate is below 0.5%. If the infection rate exceeds this standard, transplanting should be prohibited, and contaminated seedlings should be destroyed. Alternating application of insecticides such as deltamethrin and lambda-cyhalothrin every 15 days effectively controls aphids, thrips, and other vector-borne pests during the seedling stage. Alternating these agents every 15 days reduces insect resistance while ensuring effective pest control. Spraying the seedbed and seedling materials with insecticides (such as acetamiprid and deltamethrin) in the early seedling stage effectively eliminates potential pests, especially aphids, reducing their role in virus transmission. Insect-proof netting effectively prevents small pests such as aphids from entering the seedling area, avoiding the spread of viruses. The mesh count (50-60 mesh) of the insect-proof netting determines the size of the mesh, effectively preventing most pests from invading. Disinfecting facilities such as greenhouses, seedling trays, and pruning tools with 20% cymoxanil aqueous solution or chlorine dioxide is crucial for reducing pathogen transmission. Both cymoxanil and chlorine dioxide effectively kill viruses and bacteria that may be present on seedling facilities, ensuring the hygiene of the seedling area. Providing handwashing and disinfection pools, prohibiting smoking, and ensuring clean water sources prevent human contamination and pathogen transmission. By providing handwashing and disinfection pools, personnel can clean and disinfect themselves before entering the seedling area, effectively reducing the introduction of viruses through operators. Furthermore, prohibiting smoking prevents the spread of diseases from cigarette butts. Rapid virus testing and sampling inspections ensure the health of the seedling environment and seedlings, promptly identifying potential virus problems. Controlling vector pests by alternating the use of insecticides and spraying insecticides prevents their transmission of viruses. Ensure the hygiene and disinfection of seedling facilities to prevent the spread of pathogens through the facilities, and set up corresponding disinfection measures to reduce sources of pollution.

[0033] S3. Transplanting with medicated seedlings and initial prevention and control:

[0034] Three to five days before transplanting, spray the tobacco seedlings with an insecticide (such as acetamiprid, deltamethrin, or lambda-cyhalothrin). After the soil preparation and moisture control are completed, spray the tobacco planting area with an insecticide (such as deltamethrin or lambda-cyhalothrin) on the day of transplanting. Immediately after transplanting, cover the seedlings with silver mulch to repel aphids using the reflective properties.

[0035] It should be noted that in this embodiment, insecticides are sprayed comprehensively on the tobacco seedlings to be transplanted. Effective agents include acetamiprid, deltamethrin, and lambda-cyhalothrin, used to kill aphids, thrips, and other insect vectors carried or attached to the seedlings; achieving "transplanting with pesticides," ensuring that the seedlings retain certain insecticidal and repellent activity after transplanting, reducing the risk of virus transmission. During operation, ensure even and complete spraying, especially on the undersides of leaves; use appropriate water volume and pesticide concentration to avoid phytotoxicity. After completing the soil preparation and moisture retention, insecticides are immediately sprayed on the tobacco planting area. Agents include deltamethrin and lambda-cyhalothrin, ensuring that the seedlings are protected from the moment they touch the ground, killing winged aphids migrating into the tobacco field, establishing a chemical defense line; controlling the early insect population base, and reducing the risk of initial virus invasion. Silver mulch can be used to cover the tobacco rows or the surface of the planting area. The reflective mulch interferes with the visual positioning of aphids, significantly reducing the number of winged aphid landing points, reducing the aphids' landing rate and feeding rate on the tobacco plants, and reducing the chance of virus transmission.

[0036] S4. Early stage of field planting (within 30 days after transplanting): Pest and disease control

[0037] Apply fipronil, thiamethoxam, imidacloprid, acetamiprid, or matrine alternately every 7 to 10 days, for a total of 2 to 3 times. 7 to 14 days before transplanting, use drones or manual spraying to apply fipronil and imidacloprid to the tobacco field and a surrounding area of ​​5 to 50 meters for unified prevention.

[0038] It should be noted that in this embodiment, different types of insecticides are used alternately to avoid the development of pesticide resistance in pests; an appropriate amount of water is used for even spraying to ensure that the pesticide covers the underside of the leaves and avoids missed areas. Unified control is carried out in the tobacco field and its surrounding area of ​​5m to 50m, especially around the tobacco field, to prevent aphids and other insect vectors from migrating into the field from the surrounding environment; the focus is on controlling piercing-sucking pests such as aphids and thrips, as these pests not only directly harm tobacco seedlings but also spread viruses, leading to the spread of diseases such as pepper vein mottle virus. Alternating the use of different types of pesticides (such as fipronil, thiamethoxam, imidacloprid, etc.) helps prevent pesticide resistance in pests and ensures that pests at different stages are effectively controlled.

[0039] S5. Management during the clustering stage and the peak growth stage:

[0040] At the beginning of the crowning stage, apply the above-mentioned insecticides 2-3 times every 7-10 days, alternating between the two.

[0041] Release aphid parasitic wasps: release them once 15 days before transplanting and once after transplanting. During the seedling stage and vigorous growth period, use the "stiff aphid box" method for release. Increase the release density of wasps on surrounding large agricultural crops to improve aphid control in the region.

[0042] It should be noted that in this embodiment, the above-mentioned insecticides are applied 2-3 times every 7-10 days, alternating between the seedling stage and the vigorous growth stage. These agents include: fipronil, thiamethoxam, imidacloprid, acetamiprid, and matrine, which mainly control piercing-sucking pests such as aphids and thrips, controlling their numbers and preventing the spread of viral diseases. To avoid the development of pesticide resistance in pests, it is recommended to alternate between different types of insecticides. After each application, ensure that the leaves are fully covered, especially the undersides of the leaves. Release aphid parasitoid wasps once 15 days before transplanting and once after transplanting. During the seedling stage and the vigorous growth stage, the "aphid-infested boxes" method is used for releasing the wasps. Aphid-infested boxes refer to releasing aphid parasitoid wasp larvae already parasitizing aphids into the field, where they control the aphid population by naturally preying on aphids. Aphid parasitoid wasps can effectively control the aphid population, reduce the damage to tobacco plants caused by aphids, and due to their biological characteristics, they do not cause environmental pollution to the tobacco field, making it a very environmentally friendly pest control method. Increase the release of bees on surrounding large agricultural crops to expand the coverage area and thus improve the control effect of regional aphid parasitic wasps.

[0043] S6. Use of antiviral agents and biological agents: From the small cross stage, spray with amino oligosaccharides, hypersensitive proteins, and lentinan every 7-10 days to improve the resistance of tobacco plants. One day before each leaf pruning, spray with a mixture of lipids and copper sulfate, or guanidine and copper acetate antiviral agents. After the film breaks, spray with amino oligosaccharides and ningnanmycin alternately 2-3 times every 7-10 days. Biological insecticides (such as matrine and azadirachtin) can be used alternately with chemical agents to control pests.

[0044] It should be noted that in this embodiment, starting from the small cross stage, spraying plant inducers such as amino oligosaccharides, hypersensitive proteins, and lentinan every 7-10 days helps activate the tobacco plant's self-defense system and enhance its disease resistance. By improving the tobacco plant's immunity, the occurrence of diseases is reduced, especially its resistance to viral diseases. One day before each leaf pruning, spraying antiviral agents such as mixed lipids·copper sulfate and guanidine·copper acetate can effectively prevent viral invasion, especially since wounds on tobacco plants during leaf pruning are easily used as a route for virus transmission. This preventative measure reduces the risk of virus transmission and ensures the health of the tobacco plants. After the film breaks, alternating spraying of antiviral agents such as amino oligosaccharides and ningnanmycin every 7-10 days helps reduce the spread of viral diseases and enhances the tobacco plant's sustained disease resistance. Alternating the use of biological insecticides (such as matrine and azadirachtin) with chemical insecticides not only effectively controls pests but also avoids the development of pesticide resistance in pests due to long-term use of a single chemical agent. Biological pesticides have a smaller impact on the environment and beneficial insects, thus reducing environmental pollution and protecting ecological balance. Alternating between chemical and biological pesticides not only delays the development of pesticide resistance in pests but also improves the persistence and stability of control effects. Using biological and chemical pesticides alternately can effectively reduce dependence on chemical pesticides, lower the frequency and dosage of pesticide use, and thus reduce pesticide residues.

[0045] S7. Physical control: Install yellow sticky traps, 20-30 traps per acre, staggered, with the trap height level with or slightly higher than the top of the tobacco plants. Use simple yellow dishes and yellow traps to monitor aphid activity; replace the traps every 3-7 days in the early stage and every 5-7 days in the later stage.

[0046] It should be noted that in this embodiment, the yellow sticky traps attract aphids through color attraction, causing them to adhere to the traps and thus enabling aphid monitoring. By observing the number and types of aphids on the yellow traps, changes in aphid populations in the field can be monitored in real time. The simplified yellow trays also utilize the attraction of yellow to aphids, allowing for more precise monitoring of aphid distribution and dynamics in the field. In the initial monitoring phase, the yellow traps are replaced every 3-7 days to more frequently capture aphid population changes, promptly identify the risk of aphid outbreaks, and adjust control plans accordingly. Later, replacing the traps every 5-7 days helps reduce excessive and frequent operations while ensuring continuous tracking of aphid dynamics, achieving effective control. Adjusting the installation and replacement frequency of the yellow traps serves as an early warning system for aphids, helping farm managers detect aphid proliferation early and adjust the frequency and intensity of pesticide spraying based on monitoring results to prevent rapid aphid spread. Aphids are a significant vector for tobacco and pepper vein mottle virus disease. Effective monitoring and control of aphid populations can significantly reduce the risk of virus transmission, especially during the critical period after tobacco transplanting, thereby reducing viral damage to tobacco plants.

[0047] It can also eliminate pathogens and promote scientific fertilization:

[0048] Remove diseased plants, tobacco branches, and diseased plant debris from the bottom leaves, and collect them in a treatment pond for disposal with lime before burying. After tobacco harvesting and curing, clean up tobacco stalks and waste leaves around the curing barn. All field operations should follow the principle of "healthy plants first, then diseased plants," simplifying simultaneous operations as much as possible to reduce human-caused transmission.

[0049] Following the principles of "controlling nitrogen, stabilizing phosphorus, increasing potassium, and supplementing micronutrients," apply 100-120 kg of organic fertilizer or 500-1000 kg of well-rotted farmyard manure per mu (approximately 0.067 hectares). Apply fertilizer based on soil testing and formula to ensure balanced nutrition for tobacco plants and improve disease resistance.

[0050] S10. Adjust the transplanting period to avoid peak aphid infestation: For fields with severe disease outbreaks over the years, the transplanting period can be postponed by 1 to 2 weeks to avoid peak aphid migration periods and reduce the risk of virus infection.

[0051] Example:

[0052] Comprehensive Prevention and Control Implementation Plan for Vein Mottle Virus Disease in Tobacco and Chili Peppers in Pu'er Region

[0053] S1. Optimize agricultural layout and field preparation:

[0054] Site selection: Choose an area far away from vegetable fields, drying rooms, and sheds as the seedling and planting site.

[0055] Weed control: Remove weeds within 5m to 10m around the seedling site and tobacco field, especially black nightshade (Solanaceae), beggar-ticks and tuft of grass (Asteraceae).

[0056] Crop rotation planning: Avoid intercropping or rotation with Solanaceae, Brassicaceae, and Asteraceae crops; intercropping with Gramineae crops is recommended.

[0057] Deep tillage: Deep tillage should be carried out before winter, with a tillage depth of more than 20cm in mountainous areas and more than 30cm in flat tobacco fields. Crop residues should be removed to reduce the source of virus transmission.

[0058] S2. Seedling stage prevention and control management:

[0059] Rapid virus testing: 15 to 2 days before seedling cultivation, conduct rapid virus testing on soil, water sources, and substrate; 5 to 7 days before transplanting, randomly sample tobacco seedling leaves to ensure that the virus carrying rate is ≤0.5%.

[0060] Pest and disease control: Spray insecticides such as deltamethrin and lambda-cyhalothrin every 15 days during the seedling stage; spray acetamiprid and deltamethrin on the seedbed and seedling materials 3 to 5 days before seedling cultivation.

[0061] Facility management and cleaning / disinfection:

[0062] Use 50-60 mesh insect-proof netting to cover the seedling shed.

[0063] Disinfect greenhouses, seedling trays, leaf-pruning tools, and other facilities using 20% ​​cymoxanil aqueous solution or chlorine dioxide.

[0064] Handwashing stations and disinfection pools were set up, and no-smoking signs were posted.

[0065] S3. Transplanting with medicated seedlings and initial prevention and control:

[0066] Transplanting with pesticide: Spray the tobacco seedlings with insecticides, such as acetamiprid, deltamethrin, or lambda-cyhalothrin, 3 to 5 days before transplanting.

[0067] Tobacco pond treatment: On the day of transplanting, after the soil moisture has been prepared, spray the tobacco pond with deltamethrin or high-efficiency cyhalothrin.

[0068] Cover with silver mulch: Cover the tobacco seedlings with silver mulch immediately after transplanting to prevent aphids from invading by using the reflective properties.

[0069] S4. Early stage of field planting (within 30 days after transplanting): Pest and disease control

[0070] Pest and disease control: Within 30 days after transplanting, apply the following pesticides 2-3 times, every 7 to 10 days, alternating between the two:

[0071] Fipronil (1000x dilution)

[0072] Thiamethoxam (1000x dilution)

[0073] Imidacloprid (1000x dilution)

[0074] Acetamiprid (1000x dilution)

[0075] Matrine (1000 times dilution)

[0076] Integrated pest management in the field: 7 to 14 days before transplanting, use drones or manual spraying of pesticides such as fipronil and imidacloprid to carry out comprehensive pest control in the tobacco field and the surrounding area of ​​5m to 50m.

[0077] S5. Management during the clustering stage and the peak growth stage:

[0078] Alternate use of insecticides: After the crowning stage begins, use the above-mentioned agents 2 to 3 times every 7 to 10 days.

[0079] Release aphid parasitic wasps:

[0080] Release aphid parasitoids once 15 days before transplanting and once after transplanting.

[0081] During the mating and vigorous growth stages, bees are released using **"aphid-infested boxes"**, and the bee density is increased in surrounding agricultural crops to improve the regional aphid control effect.

[0082] S6. Use of antiviral and biological agents:

[0083] Antiviral agents:

[0084] Starting from the small cross stage of tobacco plants, spray amino oligosaccharide (1000 times dilution), hypersensitive protein (1000 times dilution), or lentinan (1000 times dilution) every 7 to 10 days alternately to enhance the resistance of tobacco seedlings.

[0085] One day before each leaf pruning, spray with antiviral agents such as mixed lipid-copper sulfate (1000 times dilution) and guanidine-copper acetate (1000 times dilution).

[0086] After the membrane breaks, spray amino oligosaccharide and ningnanmycin alternately every 7 to 10 days for a total of 2 to 3 times.

[0087] Biological insecticides: Use biological insecticides such as matrine and azadirachtin alternately every 7 to 10 days to control pests.

[0088] S7. Physical prevention and control:

[0089] Yellow sticky insect traps:

[0090] Around the tobacco field, set up 20 to 30 yellow sticky insect traps per acre, staggered, with the traps level with or slightly higher than the top of the tobacco plants.

[0091] Monitoring and replacement: Use simple yellow plates and yellow sticky traps to monitor aphid activity. Replace the traps every 3 to 7 days in the early stage and every 5 to 7 days in the later stage.

[0092] S8. Eliminate the source of the disease:

[0093] Diseased plant removal: Remove diseased plants, tobacco branches, diseased leaves and debris, and dispose of them in a centralized treatment pond by sprinkling lime before burying.

[0094] After the tobacco leaves are harvested, the tobacco stalks and waste leaves around the curing barn are cleaned up and destroyed.

[0095] Field operations: All operations should follow the principle of "healthy plants first, then diseased plants", simplify simultaneous operations as much as possible, and reduce human-induced transmission.

[0096] S9. Scientific fertilization:

[0097] Fertilization standard: Apply 100kg-120kg of commercial organic fertilizer or 500kg-1000kg of well-rotted farmyard manure per mu.

[0098] Fertilization principles: Follow the principles of "controlling nitrogen, stabilizing phosphorus, increasing potassium, and supplementing micronutrients", and apply fertilizer according to soil testing and formula to ensure balanced nutrition for tobacco plants and improve disease resistance.

[0099] S10. Adjust the transplanting period to avoid peak aphid infestation:

[0100] For fields that have been severely affected by the disease for many years, the transplanting period can be postponed by 1 to 2 weeks depending on the climate conditions. This staggered transplanting avoids the peak migration period of aphids and reduces the risk of virus infection.

[0101] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A comprehensive prevention and control method for tobacco and pepper vein mottle virus disease, characterized in that: include: S1. Optimize agricultural layout and field preparation: Select areas far away from vegetable fields, drying rooms, and drying sheds as seedling and planting sites, remove weeds from seedling and planting sites, then intercrop with gramineous crops, and deep plow and sun-dry the soil before winter. S2. Seedling stage prevention and control management: Detect pathogens, control pests and diseases, and manage and disinfect facilities; S3. Transplanting with pesticide and initial control: 3 to 5 days before transplanting, spray insecticide on tobacco seedlings. After the soil is prepared and the soil is moistened, spray insecticide on the tobacco pond on the day of transplanting. After transplanting, cover the tobacco seedlings with silver mulch in time to use the reflection to repel aphids. S4. Early field pest and disease control: Apply insecticides alternately every 7 to 10 days for a total of 2 to 3 times. 7 to 14 days before transplanting, use drones or manual spraying to carry out unified prevention and control of tobacco fields and surrounding areas within 5 to 50 meters. S5. Management during the rosette stage and vigorous growth stage: Starting from the rosette stage, apply the above-mentioned insecticides 2-3 times every 7-10 days, and release aphid parasitoids once 15 days before transplanting to the field and once after transplanting. S6. Use of antiviral agents and biological agents: Starting from the small cross stage, spray antiviral agents and biological agents regularly; S7. Physical control: Install yellow sticky insect traps, 20-30 traps per acre, staggered in place; S8. Eliminate the source of disease: Remove diseased plants, tobacco branches, and diseased plant debris from the bottom leaves, collect them in the treatment pool, destroy them with lime, and then bury them. After the tobacco leaves are harvested and after the curing is completed, clean up the tobacco stalks and waste leaves around the curing barn.

2. The comprehensive prevention and control method for tobacco and capsicum vein mottle virus disease according to claim 1, characterized in that: The weed clearing range in S1 is 5m to 10m around the seedling and planting area.

3. The comprehensive prevention and control method for tobacco and capsicum vein mottle virus disease according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S1, intercropping or rotation with Solanaceae, Brassicaceae, and Asteraceae crops should be avoided.

4. A comprehensive prevention and control method for tobacco and capsicum vein mottle virus disease according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S1, during the deep plowing and sun-drying of the soil before winter, the plowing depth in mountainous areas shall not be less than 20cm, the soil depth shall not be less than 30cm, and crop residues shall be removed.

5. A comprehensive prevention and control method for tobacco and capsicum vein mottle virus disease according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pathogen detection is carried out by rapid virus testing on soil, water sources, and substrate seedling materials 15 days to 2 days before seedling cultivation; and by sampling tobacco seedling leaves 5 days to 7 days before transplanting, the virus carrying rate should be controlled within 0.5%.

6. A comprehensive prevention and control method for tobacco and capsicum vein mottle virus disease according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pest and disease control measures include alternating spraying of deltamethrin and high-efficiency cyhalothrin insecticides every 15 days during the seedling stage; and spraying acetamiprid and deltamethrin on the seedbed and materials 3 to 5 days before seedling cultivation.

7. A comprehensive prevention and control method for tobacco and capsicum vein mottle virus disease according to claim 1, characterized in that: The facility management and cleaning and disinfection include covering with 50-60 mesh insect-proof netting; and disinfecting the greenhouse, seedling trays, and leaf-pruning tools with 20% cymoxanil aqueous solution or chlorine dioxide.

8. A comprehensive prevention and control method for tobacco and capsicum vein mottle virus disease according to claim 1, characterized in that: The insecticide is acetamiprid, deltamethrin, or lambda-cyhalothrin.

9. A comprehensive prevention and control method for tobacco and capsicum vein mottle virus disease according to claim 1, characterized in that: From the small cross stage of S6, spray amino oligosaccharide, hypersensitive protein, and lentinan every 7 to 10 days to improve the resistance of tobacco plants; one day before each leaf pruning, spray mixed lipid-copper sulfate and guanidine-copper acetate antiviral agent; after the film breaks, spray amino oligosaccharide and ningnanmycin alternately 2 to 3 times every 7 to 10 days.

Images