Consumable rewarming device and system

Abstract

The invention provides a consumable rewarming device and system, and the device comprises a rewarming heating module which is used for carrying out the constant-power heating of a built-in electric heating element of a consumable; the temperature acquisition module is used for acquiring the temperature of the consumable target area where the electric heating element is located in real time in the constant-power heating process; and the data processing module is used for dynamically adjusting the output power of the rewarming heating module by adopting a proportional integral differential control algorithm based on the temperature of the consumable target area so as to maintain the temperature of the consumable target area at a preset target temperature. According to the method, the control accuracy of the consumable temperature is improved by adopting the proportional integral differential control algorithm. In addition, constant-temperature control over the consumables is achieved by dynamically adjusting the output power of the rewarming heating module; the hardware structure is optimized through multiplexing of the load detection module and the rewarming heating module; by adopting the high-precision temperature acquisition chip, high-real-time monitoring of the temperature of the consumable is realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application belongs to the field of cryotherapy technology and relates to a consumable rewarming device and system. Background Technology

[0002] Gas-throttling cryotherapy is one of the most cutting-edge technologies in the field of cryoablation, belonging to minimally invasive tumor surgery. This technique involves percutaneously inserting a cryoprobe or scalpel into the tumor site, utilizing the principle of gas throttling and expanding within the scalpel tip to rapidly freeze the diseased tissue to below -130°C within seconds. After multiple freeze-thaw cycles, the tumor cells rupture and die due to ice crystal formation and mechanical stress, thus achieving the goal of ablation therapy.

[0003] In cryotherapy, rewarming is a crucial technical step. Low-temperature cryotherapy systems typically integrate a rewarming module for controlled heating of the target tissue after freezing. The rewarming temperature is usually set within the range of 40℃ to 130℃ to meet clinical needs such as tissue ablation, consumable removal, and needle tract hemostasis. Temperature, as a vital technical indicator of the system, directly affects the effectiveness and safety of the procedure; therefore, high-precision, real-time temperature monitoring and control are essential.

[0004] However, traditional rewarming techniques typically employ a fixed-power heating strategy, making it difficult to precisely regulate the temperature of the target area of ​​the consumable. Due to the influence of tissue heat capacity, blood perfusion, and environmental factors, the temperature is prone to fluctuations or deviations from the target value, thereby affecting the treatment effect and even causing tissue damage. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this application is to provide a consumable rewarming device and system to solve the problem of low temperature control accuracy of the target area of ​​consumables in the prior art.

[0006] In a first aspect, this application provides a consumable rewarming device, comprising: a rewarming heating module for constant power heating of an electric heating element built into the consumable; a temperature acquisition module for real-time acquisition of the temperature of the target area of ​​the consumable where the electric heating element is located during constant power heating; and a data processing module, communicatively connected to the temperature acquisition module and the rewarming heating module, for dynamically adjusting the output power of the rewarming heating module based on the temperature of the target area of ​​the consumable using a proportional-integral-derivative control algorithm, so as to maintain the temperature of the target area of ​​the consumable at a preset target temperature.

[0007] In one implementation of the first aspect, the method further includes: a load detection module for real-time detection of consumable impedance; the data processing module determines whether the consumable impedance is within a preset threshold range; if so, it generates a rewarming start command and sends the rewarming start command to the rewarming module to activate the consumable rewarming heating path; otherwise, it generates a rewarming stop command and sends the rewarming stop command to the rewarming module to disconnect the consumable rewarming heating path, and simultaneously determines that the consumable impedance is abnormal and requests replacement with a qualified consumable.

[0008] In one implementation of the first aspect, the method further includes: the data processing module determining whether a consumable has been inserted; if so, generating a load detection start command and sending the load detection start command to the load detection module to enable the consumable impedance detection path; otherwise, generating a load detection stop command and sending the load detection stop command to the load detection module to disconnect the consumable impedance detection path.

[0009] In one implementation of the first aspect, the load detection module includes: a first electronic switch, configured to turn on upon receiving the load detection start command to open the consumable impedance detection path; and to turn off upon receiving the load detection stop command to disconnect the consumable impedance detection path; a first voltage output unit, configured to output a constant voltage to the consumable when the consumable impedance detection path is open; and a first monitoring unit, configured to monitor the actual voltage and actual current flowing through the electric heating element in the consumable impedance detection path, and to calculate the consumable impedance using Ohm's law.

[0010] In one implementation of the first aspect, the rewarming heating module includes: a second electronic switch, configured to turn on when receiving the rewarming heating start command to open the consumable rewarming heating path; and to turn off when receiving the rewarming heating stop command to disconnect the consumable rewarming heating path; a second voltage output unit, configured to output a constant voltage to the consumable when the consumable rewarming heating path is open; and a second monitoring unit, configured to monitor the actual voltage and actual current flowing through the electric heating element in the consumable rewarming heating path, and to calculate the heating power of the electric heating element based on the actual voltage and actual current.

[0011] In one implementation of the first aspect, the data processing module includes: a parameter initialization unit for initializing the parameters of the proportional-integral-derivative (PID) control algorithm; a temperature comparison unit for determining whether the temperature of the consumable target area has reached a preset target temperature; if so, ending the current process; otherwise, calculating the temperature deviation between the temperature of the consumable target area and the preset target temperature; a parameter update unit for updating the parameters of the PID control algorithm based on the temperature deviation; and a target voltage calculation unit for calculating the target constant voltage of the second voltage output unit based on the updated parameters of the PID control algorithm and a preset rated power, and controlling the second voltage output unit to output the target constant voltage.

[0012] In one implementation of the first aspect, the method further includes: the data processing module determining whether the actual voltage or actual current flowing through the electric heating element exceeds a safety threshold; if so, generating a reheating shutdown command and sending the reheating shutdown command to the reheating module to disconnect the consumable reheating path; otherwise, ending the current process.

[0013] In one implementation of the first aspect, the method further includes: the data processing module determining whether the temperature of the consumable target area is within a preset threshold range; if so, the consumable temperature is considered normal; otherwise, a reheating shutdown command is generated and the reheating shutdown command is sent to the reheating module to disconnect the consumable reheating path.

[0014] In one implementation of the first aspect, the temperature acquisition module includes: a thermocouple sensing unit for acquiring the temperature difference between the hot and cold junctions of the thermocouple within the consumable target area and generating a thermocouple voltage signal proportional to the temperature difference; an analog-to-digital conversion unit for converting the thermocouple voltage signal into a digital signal; a nonlinear correction unit for performing nonlinear correction on the digital signal based on a linear correction data table matching the type of the thermocouple to obtain a corrected digital signal; and a digital output unit for outputting the corrected digital signal through a serial peripheral interface.

[0015] Secondly, this application provides a consumable rewarming system, the system comprising: a consumable rewarming device as described above; and consumables, which are communicatively connected to the consumable rewarming device.

[0016] As described above, the consumable rewarming device and system of this application have the following beneficial effects:

[0017] (1) By adopting the proportional-integral-derivative control algorithm, the control accuracy of consumable temperature is improved;

[0018] (2) By dynamically adjusting the output power of the reheating module, constant temperature control of consumables is achieved;

[0019] (3) By using a high-precision temperature acquisition chip, high real-time monitoring of consumable temperature is achieved;

[0020] (4) By detecting the impedance of consumables before reheating, potential impedance problems can be identified and resolved in a timely manner, thereby effectively preventing safety accidents that may occur during the operation.

[0021] (5) The hardware structure was optimized by reusing the load detection module and the reheating module. Attached Figure Description

[0022] Figure 1 The diagram shown is a structural schematic of the cryotherapy system described in this application in one embodiment.

[0023] Figure 2 The diagram shown is a structural schematic of the consumable rewarming device described in this application in one embodiment.

[0024] Figure 3 The diagram shown is a structural schematic of the data processing module described in this application in one embodiment.

[0025] Figure 4 The diagram shown is a flowchart of the data processing module described in this application in one embodiment.

[0026] Figure 5 This is a flowchart illustrating the workflow of the data processing module described in this application in another embodiment.

[0027] Figure 6 The diagram shown is a circuit schematic of the load detection module described in this application in one embodiment.

[0028] Figure 7 The diagram shown is a structural schematic of the consumable rewarming device described in this application in another embodiment.

[0029] Figure 8 The diagram shown is a workflow diagram of the data processing module described in this application in another embodiment.

[0030] Figure 9 The diagram shown is a circuit schematic of one embodiment of the reheating module described in this application.

[0031] Figure 10 The diagram shown illustrates the working principle of the data processing module described in this application in one embodiment.

[0032] Figure 11 The flowchart shown is an embodiment of the proportional-integral-derivative control algorithm described in this application.

[0033] Figure 12 The diagram shown illustrates the working principle of the data processing module described in this application in one embodiment.

[0034] Figure 13 The diagram shown is a structural schematic of the consumable rewarming system described in this application in one embodiment. Detailed Implementation

[0035] The following specific examples illustrate the implementation of this application. Those skilled in the art can easily understand other advantages and effects of this application from the content disclosed in this specification. This application can also be implemented or applied through other different specific embodiments, and various details in this specification can also be modified or changed based on different viewpoints and applications without departing from the spirit of this application. It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the following embodiments and features in the embodiments can be combined with each other.

[0036] It should be noted that the illustrations provided in the following embodiments are only schematic representations of the basic concept of this application. Therefore, the drawings only show the components related to this application and are not drawn according to the actual number, shape and size of the components in the actual implementation. In the actual implementation, the form, quantity and proportion of each component can be arbitrarily changed, and the layout of the components may also be more complex.

[0037] Furthermore, the use of terms such as "first" and "second" in this application is for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying their relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of those features. Additionally, the technical solutions of the various embodiments can be combined with each other, but only on the basis of being achievable by those skilled in the art. If the combination of technical solutions is contradictory or impossible to implement, such a combination of technical solutions should be considered non-existent and not within the scope of protection claimed in this application.

[0038] The following embodiments of this application provide a consumable rewarming device and system. This application improves the accuracy of consumable temperature control by employing a proportional-integral-derivative (PID) control algorithm. Furthermore, constant temperature control of the consumables is achieved by dynamically adjusting the output power of the rewarming heating module; the hardware structure is optimized by reusing the load detection module and the rewarming heating module; and high-real-time monitoring of the consumable temperature is achieved by using a high-precision temperature acquisition chip.

[0039] In the technical solution of this application, the consumables involved are components of a cryotherapy system, specifically disposable cryoablation needles.

[0040] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions provided by the embodiments of this application, it is necessary to first discuss in detail the working principle of the cryotherapy system and the mechanism of action of cryo-injury before proceeding with a detailed description of this application.

[0041] Please see Figure 1 The image shown is a schematic diagram of the cryotherapy system described in this application in one embodiment.

[0042] like Figure 1 As shown, the equipment in the cryotherapy system includes a refrigeration module and a rewarming module.

[0043] The cooling principle of the refrigeration module is based on the Joule-Thomson effect, which means that when gas is injected from a higher pressure region into a lower pressure region through a narrow micro-orifice, it will be throttled. Most gases will experience a temperature drop after throttling, such as argon and nitrogen. The specific refrigeration process is as follows: the room temperature high-pressure gas is dried and filtered by the equipment's dryer filter, and after being depressurized by the pressure reducing valve, it exchanges heat with the low-temperature coupler and low-temperature precooler inside the equipment, becoming a low-temperature high-pressure gas. After entering the disposable cryoablation needle, it undergoes further heat exchange and precooling through a micro heat exchanger. Finally, it rapidly expands and vaporizes inside the needle tip through the JT groove, generating a cooling effect and rapidly releasing cold energy to produce a low temperature of -130 to -170°C, which quickly freezes the diseased tissue. When the low-pressure low-temperature gas returns, it passes through the micro heat exchanger and exchanges heat with the inlet gas, reducing the temperature of the inlet gas. This further reduces the temperature of the throttled gas, thereby improving the cooling effect. After exchanging heat with the high-temperature precooler inside the equipment, it is discharged and released into the environment.

[0044] When used in conjunction with a disposable cryoablation needle, the temperature measurement module enables needle tip temperature measurement. Specifically, a thermocouple is arranged inside the disposable cryoablation needle. The thermocouple's temperature measurement position is located at the far end of the effective working area. This temperature measurement point can monitor the center temperature of the ablation area in real time. The temperature sensor type is T-type, with a temperature measurement range of -195.8~150℃ and an accuracy of ±2℃.

[0045] The rewarming module also features rewarming and rapid thawing functions. Rewarming raises the temperature of tumor tissue for more thorough necrosis. After freezing, electric heating is used to rewarm the frozen tissue, rapidly restoring the temperature of the core area of ​​the lesion from -170 to -130°C to 40°C. Through a "freeze-rewarm-freeze-rewarm" process, the core area of ​​the lesion is frozen and necrotic, achieving cryoablation. Furthermore, rewarming can release frozen adhesions, allowing for rapid needle removal. Rapid thawing provides hemostasis and ablation of the needle tract to prevent bleeding and tumor implantation.

[0046] The mechanisms of action of cryotherapy mainly include the following:

[0047] (1) Central Necrotic Region: During freezing, extracellular ice crystals form, increasing the concentration of extracellular solutes and creating a hypertonic environment. Intracellular water enters the extracellular space, causing intracellular dehydration. The dehydrated cells shrink, damaging the cell membrane and organelles. Secondly, intracellular ice crystals form, causing irreversible damage to organelles such as mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum, which in turn damages the cell membrane, ultimately leading to cell death. During rewarming, recrystallization occurs intracellularly, with small ice crystals growing into large ones. These large ice crystals have a stronger destructive effect on the cells. Simultaneously, the extracellular space becomes hypotonic, allowing water to re-enter the cells, causing cell swelling and leading to cell membrane damage.

[0048] (2) Peripheral apoptotic region: In the non-directly frozen death region, the cells cannot be completely inactivated due to insufficient freezing temperature, but it will cause a certain degree of inflammation and cell apoptosis.

[0049] (3) Vascular damage: Freezing causes vasoconstriction, slows blood flow, and leads to ice crystal formation, eventually stopping blood flow. Upon rewarming, platelet aggregation and microthrombus formation block blood flow, causing tissue ischemia and hypoxia, resulting in cell death.

[0050] (4) Immune regulation: The cell membrane rupture caused by freezing necrosis promotes the release of intracellular substances, stimulates the release of related cytokines and immune cells, relieves the immune suppression state of the body by the tumor, and enhances the ability to fight tumor immunity.

[0051] The technical solutions in the embodiments of this application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0052] Please see Figure 2 The diagram shown is a structural schematic of the consumable rewarming device described in this application in one embodiment.

[0053] like Figure 2 As shown, this embodiment provides a consumable reheating device, including a reheating heating module, a temperature acquisition module, and a data processing module.

[0054] In one embodiment of this application, the reheating module is used to perform constant power heating on the electric heating element built into the consumable.

[0055] Specifically, the electric heating element is an electric heating cable arranged inside the disposable cryoablation needle. The effective heating section of this electric heating cable is located in the target area of ​​the consumable. By applying low-voltage DC power to the electric heating cable, the rewarming function can be achieved.

[0056] In this embodiment, the consumables are heated using electric heating technology. Compared to existing methods such as radio frequency heating, microwave heating, ultrasonic heating, and high-frequency electrosurgical units, electric heating technology offers the advantage of simpler connection and requires no additional components.

[0057] To achieve stable temperature control, the reheating module of this application adopts a constant power heating mode. The constant power heating mode provides a stable heat source, enabling more precise temperature control. By adjusting the power of the constant power heating, the temperature of the consumable can be precisely controlled to meet the needs of different application scenarios. Furthermore, constant power heating ensures that all parts of the consumable receive uniform heat, avoiding performance differences caused by localized overheating or uneven temperature distribution. This helps improve the overall performance and quality of the consumable.

[0058] In one embodiment of this application, the temperature acquisition module is used to acquire the temperature of the consumable target area where the electric heating element is located in real time during constant power heating.

[0059] During surgery, patients are often under anesthesia or have diminished sensory perception, making them less sensitive to dangerous temperatures than normal. Therefore, doctors need to monitor temperature changes in real time to ensure the patient's safety. For example, in the case of tumor tissue, the effective ablation boundary of cryoablation has clearly defined temperature characteristics. By observing temperature changes, doctors can initially determine the effectiveness of the ablation. Therefore, the accuracy of temperature measurement significantly impacts the surgeon's decision-making.

[0060] The temperature acquisition module in this embodiment has high-precision and high-real-time temperature detection capabilities.

[0061] Specifically, the temperature acquisition module employs a high-precision thermocouple-to-digital converter, the MAX31856, to achieve its function. This converter boasts a temperature sampling accuracy of 0.0078125℃ and a sampling period of 27.27 SPS, a configuration that fully meets the module's technical specifications for sampling accuracy and sampling period. Through this design, temperature detection achieves the following technical standards: a measurement period of no more than 0.1 seconds and a measurement accuracy maintained within ±0.5℃.

[0062] In some embodiments, the temperature acquisition module also has electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) protection to reduce electromagnetic interference and ensure that the temperature acquisition module can operate normally in environments with electromagnetic interference.

[0063] In one embodiment of this application, the data processing module is communicatively connected to the temperature acquisition module and the rewarming heating module, and is used to dynamically adjust the output power of the rewarming heating module based on the temperature of the consumable target area using a proportional-integral-differential (PID) control algorithm, so as to maintain the temperature of the consumable target area at a preset target temperature.

[0064] Please see Figure 3 The diagram shown is a structural schematic of the data processing module described in this application in one embodiment.

[0065] like Figure 3 As shown, the data processing module in this embodiment uses the STM32F103CBT6 chip. The STM32F103CBT6 chip is a 32-bit high-density microcontroller with three 12-bit analog-to-digital converters, four general-purpose 16-bit timers, two PWM timers, and standard and advanced communication interfaces, including up to two I2C, three SPI and two I2S, one SDIO, five USARTs, one USB, and one CAN. It integrates a high-performance M332-bit RISC core, operating at 72MHz, high-speed embedded memory, and a wide range of enhanced I / O peripherals connected to two APB buses. This 100-pin general-purpose microcontroller unit (MCU) has 512kB of flash memory. With this design, power output control can achieve the following technical standards: temperature fluctuation during the consumable reheating process is controlled within ≤1℃, and power error does not exceed 2W.

[0066] In one embodiment of this application, the consumable rewarming device provided in this application further includes a load detection module for real-time detection of consumable impedance.

[0067] The impedance of consumables is directly related to their conductivity. If consumables exhibit abnormal impedance, the device may face risks such as overcurrent or overheating. This could not only pose a risk of burns to doctors or patients during preoperative preparation but could also lead to device damage.

[0068] This embodiment, by detecting the impedance of consumables before reheating, can promptly identify and resolve potential impedance problems, thereby effectively preventing safety accidents that may occur during surgery, such as burns. Furthermore, stable consumable impedance is crucial for protecting the device from overcurrent and overheating damage, helping to extend equipment lifespan and reduce maintenance costs.

[0069] Since the consumable impedance testing process needs to be completed shortly before the operation, the load testing module is specially designed to have a small test current and high-speed testing capability to ensure that the test results are obtained quickly.

[0070] Please see Figure 4 The diagram shows a workflow of the data processing module described in this application in one embodiment.

[0071] like Figure 4As shown, the data processing module determines whether the impedance of the consumable is within a preset threshold range; if so, it generates a rewarming start command and sends the rewarming start command to the rewarming module to start the rewarming heating path of the consumable; otherwise, it generates a rewarming stop command and sends the rewarming stop command to the rewarming module to disconnect the rewarming heating path of the consumable, and at the same time determines that the impedance of the consumable is abnormal and requests to replace it with a qualified consumable.

[0072] Specifically, the effective threshold range for consumable impedance can be set from Rmin to Rmax. If the detected consumable impedance is within this effective threshold range, it indicates that the consumable impedance is normal. The data processing module will record the current impedance value and upload the measured impedance data and its status information to the host computer. If the detected consumable impedance is lower than Rmin or higher than Rmax, it indicates that the consumable impedance is abnormal. The data processing module will assign the consumable impedance a value of "-1" and simultaneously upload the abnormal impedance status information to the host computer.

[0073] In this embodiment, the consumable reheating path refers to the process of heating the consumable to a preset target temperature through the coordinated operation of a series of electrical components inside the reheating module.

[0074] Please see Figure 5 The diagram shows a workflow of the data processing module described in this application in another embodiment.

[0075] like Figure 5 As shown, the consumable rewarming device described in this embodiment further includes: the data processing module determines whether a consumable is inserted; if so, it generates a load detection start command and sends the load detection start command to the load detection module to open the consumable impedance detection path; otherwise, it generates a load detection stop command and sends the load detection stop command to the load detection module to disconnect the consumable impedance detection path.

[0076] The consumable impedance detection path refers to the process of obtaining the consumable impedance through the coordinated operation of a series of electrical components inside the load detection module.

[0077] In this implementation, impedance detection is performed only when consumables are inserted, avoiding unnecessary detection when no consumables are present, thus saving energy and computing resources. Furthermore, the detection process can be automated, reducing manual intervention and lowering the error rate.

[0078] In one embodiment of this application, the load detection module includes:

[0079] A first electronic switch is configured to turn on when the load detection start command is received, thereby opening the consumable impedance detection path; and to turn off when the load detection stop command is received, thereby disconnecting the consumable impedance detection path.

[0080] The first voltage output unit is used to output a constant voltage to the consumable when the consumable impedance detection path is turned on.

[0081] The first monitoring unit is used to monitor the actual voltage and actual current flowing through the electric heating element in the consumable impedance detection path, and to calculate the consumable impedance using Ohm's law.

[0082] Please see Figure 6 The diagram shown is a circuit schematic of the load detection module described in this application in one embodiment.

[0083] like Figure 6 As shown, the first electronic switching element is a VNN3NV04PTR-E type MOSFET. The first voltage output unit adopts a buck-boost topology based on the MP4248 chip, which can achieve an output voltage range of 6V to 24V DC with a voltage accuracy of ±1%. The first monitoring unit uses the INA238 high-precision monitoring chip, which has a 16-bit resolution ADC, an I2C digital interface, and integrated voltage / current / power monitoring functions.

[0084] Specifically, the workflow of the load detection module includes: when the system detects that a consumable is connected to the device, the load detection start command activates the MP4248 chip through the CH1_MP_EN enable interface to output a constant voltage of 6V; the load detection start command synchronously drives the VNN3NV04PTR-E electronic switch to turn on, so that current flows through the electric heating element in the consumable; according to the detection cycle ≤1s, the INA238 high-precision monitoring chip is used to collect the actual voltage (V) and actual current (I) at both ends of the load in real time; based on Ohm's law (R=V / I), the actual resistance value of the electric heating element is calculated.

[0085] To ensure system flexibility and scalability, key components of the load detection module adopt standardized designs and support multiple replacement options. For example, the MP4248 chip can be replaced by the voltage-adjustable SL3036H or JZ5148; the INA238 can be replaced by the compatible monitoring chip INA240 or CSA240; and the VNN3NV04PTR can be replaced by a general-purpose NMOS transistor.

[0086] Please see Figure 7 The diagram shown is a structural schematic of the consumable rewarming device described in this application in another embodiment.

[0087] Figure 7The embodiment presents a communication connection method between the first electronic switch, the first voltage output unit, and the first monitoring unit; other communication connection methods may also be used in other embodiments. This application does not strictly limit the communication connection method between the functional units in the load detection module to ensure the flexibility and adaptability of the system architecture.

[0088] The prerequisites for implementing the consumable rewarming operation in this application include a normal power source and a valid load. In this implementation, by accurately detecting the impedance parameters of the consumable, load status diagnosis can be achieved, thereby accurately identifying whether there are abnormal conditions such as short circuits or open circuits in the load.

[0089] Please see Figure 8 The diagram shows a workflow of the data processing module described in this application in another embodiment.

[0090] like Figure 8 As shown, the consumable rewarming device described in this application further includes: the data processing module determines whether the actual voltage or actual current flowing through the electric heating element exceeds a safety threshold; if so, it generates a load detection shutdown command and sends the load detection shutdown command to the load detection module to disconnect the consumable impedance detection path; otherwise, it terminates the current process.

[0091] In one embodiment of this application, the rewarming heating module includes:

[0092] The second electronic switch is used to turn on when the rewarming start command is received, so as to open the rewarming heating path of the consumable; and to turn off when the rewarming stop command is received, so as to disconnect the rewarming heating path of the consumable.

[0093] The second voltage output unit is used to output a constant voltage to the consumable when the consumable reheating path is turned on.

[0094] The second monitoring unit is used to monitor the actual voltage and actual current flowing through the electric heating element in the consumable reheating path, and to calculate the heating power of the electric heating element based on the actual voltage and actual current.

[0095] Please see Figure 9 The diagram shown is a circuit schematic of the reheating module described in this application in one embodiment.

[0096] In another embodiment of this application, the reheating module can also be reused with the load detection module in its circuit design, that is, the two can adopt the same design as... Figure 6 The diagram illustrates a unified circuit structure to perform two different functions, thus optimizing the hardware structure. A schematic diagram showing the reuse of the reheating module and the load detection module is shown below. Figure 7 As shown.

[0097] It should be noted that since the structure and principle of the reheating module correspond one-to-one with the load detection module mentioned above, they will not be repeated here.

[0098] Similarly, this embodiment does not strictly limit the communication connection method between the functional units in the reheating module, so as to ensure the flexibility and adaptability of the system architecture.

[0099] Please see Figure 10 The diagram shows the working principle of the data processing module described in this application in one embodiment.

[0100] like Figure 10 As shown, the data processing module includes:

[0101] The parameter initialization unit is used to initialize the parameters of the proportional-integral-derivative control algorithm.

[0102] The temperature comparison unit is used to determine whether the temperature of the consumable target area has reached the preset target temperature; if so, the current process ends; otherwise, the temperature deviation between the temperature of the consumable target area and the preset target temperature is calculated.

[0103] The parameter update unit is used to update the parameters of the proportional-integral-derivative control algorithm based on the temperature deviation.

[0104] The target voltage calculation unit is used to calculate the target constant voltage of the second voltage output unit based on the updated parameters of the proportional-integral-derivative control algorithm and the preset rated power, and to control the second voltage output unit to output the target constant voltage.

[0105] This embodiment adopts a PID closed-loop control strategy, with temperature as the control target and voltage as the control object, which can effectively meet the requirements for precise control of the target temperature during the rewarming process.

[0106] Please see Figure 11 The diagram shows a flowchart of the proportional-integral-derivative control algorithm described in this application in one embodiment.

[0107] Compared to existing technologies, the PID control algorithm has the advantage of rapidly responding to temperature deviations and adjusting the heating power to quickly reach and stabilize the temperature of the consumable's target area near the preset value. Furthermore, by continuously adjusting the heating power to cope with temperature changes, the PID control algorithm can significantly reduce adverse phenomena such as temperature overshoot and oscillation, thereby improving the accuracy of temperature control.

[0108] In one embodiment of this application, the consumable reheating device further includes: the data processing module determining whether the actual voltage or actual current flowing through the electric heating element exceeds a safety threshold; if so, generating a reheating shutdown command and sending the reheating shutdown command to the reheating module to disconnect the consumable reheating path; otherwise, ending the current process.

[0109] In one embodiment of this application, the consumable rewarming device further includes: the data processing module determining whether the temperature of the consumable target area is within a preset threshold range; if so, the consumable temperature is considered normal; otherwise, a rewarming heating shutdown command is generated and sent to the rewarming heating module to disconnect the consumable rewarming heating path.

[0110] In practical applications, abnormal temperature of consumables may be caused by a variety of factors, such as temperature sensor failure, short circuit or open circuit of temperature measuring cable, accidental connection of temperature measuring cable to ground wire or high voltage cable, and failure of temperature measuring circuit chip.

[0111] In this embodiment, the data processing module periodically monitors the temperature of the consumables, enabling real-time feedback on the effectiveness of the temperature readings. Specifically, the temperature monitoring cycle of the data processing module can be set to once every 3 seconds.

[0112] Please see Figure 12 The diagram shows the working principle of the data processing module described in this application in one embodiment.

[0113] like Figure 12 As shown, the temperature acquisition module includes:

[0114] Thermocouple sensing unit is used to acquire the temperature difference between the hot and cold junctions of the thermocouple within the target area of ​​the consumable, and to generate a thermocouple voltage signal proportional to the temperature difference.

[0115] An analog-to-digital converter is used to convert the thermocouple voltage signal into a digital signal.

[0116] The nonlinear correction unit is used to perform nonlinear correction on the digital signal based on a linear correction data table (LookUp Table, LUT) that matches the type of the thermocouple, so as to obtain a corrected digital signal.

[0117] A digital output unit is used to output the modified digital signal through a Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI).

[0118] In one embodiment of this application, the temperature acquisition module further includes:

[0119] The cold junction compensation unit is used to automatically compensate the voltage of the cold junction when a change in the temperature of the cold junction of the thermocouple is detected.

[0120] The fault detection unit is used to trigger overvoltage protection when the thermocouple voltage signal exceeds a preset threshold, and to automatically perform thermocouple fault detection when the thermocouple fails.

[0121] In this implementation, the nonlinear correction unit performs nonlinear correction operations, which can effectively ensure the accuracy of temperature measurement; the cold junction compensation unit performs cold junction compensation, which can eliminate the influence of cold junction temperature changes on the measurement results; and the fault detection mechanism ensures the reliability and security of temperature data.

[0122] In this implementation, the effectiveness and safety of consumables during use are effectively ensured through the coordinated work of the load detection module (real-time detection), the data processing module (intelligent judgment), the temperature acquisition module (real-time acquisition), and the reheating module (precise control).

[0123] Please see Figure 13 The diagram shown is a structural schematic of the consumable rewarming system described in this application in one embodiment.

[0124] like Figure 13 As shown, this embodiment provides a consumable rewarming system, the system comprising:

[0125] The consumable rewarming device described above;

[0126] Consumables are communicatively connected to the consumables rewarming device.

[0127] In the embodiments provided in this application, it should be understood that the disclosed systems, apparatuses, or methods can be implemented in other ways. For example, the apparatus embodiments described above are merely illustrative. For instance, the division of modules / units is only a logical functional division, and in actual implementation, there may be other division methods. For example, multiple modules or units may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be ignored or not executed. Furthermore, the coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed may be through some interfaces; the indirect coupling or communication connection of apparatuses or modules or units may be electrical, mechanical, or other forms.

[0128] The modules / units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate. The components shown as modules / units may or may not be physical modules; that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of the modules / units can be selected to achieve the objectives of the embodiments of this application, depending on actual needs. For example, the functional modules / units in the various embodiments of this application may be integrated into one processing module, or each module / unit may exist physically separately, or two or more modules / units may be integrated into one module / unit.

[0129] Those skilled in the art will further recognize that the units and algorithm steps of the various examples described in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented in electronic hardware, computer software, or a combination of both. To clearly illustrate the interchangeability of hardware and software, the components and steps of the various examples have been generally described in terms of functionality in the foregoing description. Whether these functions are implemented in hardware or software depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Those skilled in the art can use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, but such implementation should not be considered beyond the scope of this application.

[0130] The descriptions of the processes or structures corresponding to the above figures each have their own emphasis. For parts of a process or structure that are not described in detail, please refer to the relevant descriptions of other processes or structures.

[0131] The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles and effects of this application and are not intended to limit this application. Any person skilled in the art can modify or alter the above embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of this application. Therefore, all equivalent modifications or alterations made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and technical concept disclosed in this application should still be covered by the claims of this application.

Claims

1. A consumable reheating device, characterized in that, include: The reheating module is used to heat the built-in electric heating element of the consumable at a constant power. The temperature acquisition module is used to acquire the temperature of the consumable target area where the electric heating element is located in real time during constant power heating. The data processing module is communicatively connected to the temperature acquisition module and the rewarming heating module. It is used to dynamically adjust the output power of the rewarming heating module based on the temperature of the consumable target area using a proportional-integral-derivative control algorithm, so as to maintain the temperature of the consumable target area at a preset target temperature.

2. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: The load detection module is used to detect the impedance of consumables in real time. The data processing module determines whether the impedance of the consumable is within a preset threshold range; If so, a rewarming start command is generated and sent to the rewarming module to activate the consumable rewarming heating path. Otherwise, a reheating shutdown command is generated and sent to the reheating module to disconnect the reheating path of the consumable. At the same time, the impedance of the consumable is identified as abnormal, and a replacement with a qualified consumable is requested.

3. The apparatus according to claim 2, characterized in that, Also includes: The data processing module determines whether consumables have been inserted; If so, a load detection start command is generated and sent to the load detection module to enable the consumable impedance detection path. Otherwise, a load detection shutdown command is generated and sent to the load detection module to disconnect the consumable impedance detection path.

4. The apparatus according to claim 3, characterized in that, The load detection module includes: A first electronic switch is configured to turn on when the load detection start command is received, so as to open the consumable impedance detection path; and to turn off when the load detection stop command is received, so as to disconnect the consumable impedance detection path. The first voltage output unit is used to output a constant voltage to the consumable when the consumable impedance detection path is turned on; The first monitoring unit is used to monitor the actual voltage and actual current flowing through the electric heating element in the consumable impedance detection path, and to calculate the consumable impedance using Ohm's law.

5. The apparatus according to claim 2, characterized in that, The rewarming module includes: The second electronic switch is used to turn on when the rewarming start command is received, so as to open the rewarming heating path of the consumable; and to turn off when the rewarming stop command is received, so as to disconnect the rewarming heating path of the consumable. The second voltage output unit is used to output a constant voltage to the consumable when the consumable reheating path is turned on; The second monitoring unit is used to monitor the actual voltage and actual current flowing through the electric heating element in the consumable reheating path, and to calculate the heating power of the electric heating element based on the actual voltage and actual current.

6. The apparatus according to claim 5, characterized in that, The data processing module includes: A parameter initialization unit is used to initialize the parameters of the proportional-integral-derivative control algorithm. A temperature comparison unit is used to determine whether the temperature of the consumable target area has reached the preset target temperature; if so, the current process ends; otherwise, the temperature deviation between the temperature of the consumable target area and the preset target temperature is calculated. The parameter update unit is used to update the parameters of the proportional-integral-derivative control algorithm based on the temperature deviation. The target voltage calculation unit is used to calculate the target constant voltage of the second voltage output unit based on the updated parameters of the proportional-integral-derivative control algorithm and the preset rated power, and to control the second voltage output unit to output the target constant voltage.

7. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: The data processing module determines whether the actual voltage or actual current flowing through the electric heating element exceeds a safety threshold. If so, a reheating shutdown command is generated and sent to the reheating module to disconnect the consumable reheating path; Otherwise, end the current process.

8. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: The data processing module determines whether the temperature of the consumable target area is within a preset threshold range; If so, the consumable temperature is considered normal; Otherwise, a reheating shutdown command is generated and sent to the reheating module to disconnect the consumable reheating path.

9. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The temperature acquisition module includes: Thermocouple sensing unit is used to acquire the temperature difference between the hot junction and the cold junction of the thermocouple in the target area of ​​the consumable, and to generate a thermocouple voltage signal that is proportional to the temperature difference. An analog-to-digital converter is used to convert the thermocouple voltage signal into a digital signal; A nonlinear correction unit is used to perform nonlinear correction on the digital signal based on a linear correction data table that matches the type of the thermocouple, so as to obtain a corrected digital signal. A digital output unit is used to output the modified digital signal through a serial peripheral interface.

10. A consumable rewarming system, characterized in that, The system includes: The consumable rewarming device as described in any one of claims 1 to 9; Consumables are communicatively connected to the consumables rewarming device.

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