BIM-based foundation settlement dynamic monitoring system and use method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of foundation settlement monitoring, and discloses a BIM-based foundation settlement dynamic monitoring system and a use method, and the BIM-based foundation settlement dynamic monitoring system comprises a BIM parametric modeling module, a dynamic monitoring module and a settlement compensation regulation and control module. The BIM parametric modeling module generates a three-dimensional model containing rock-soil mechanical parameters, underground water level data and soil layer distribution information, and receives real-time data to update a settlement state; the dynamic monitoring module collects foundation key node vertical displacement, bearing structure internal stress and edge horizontal inclination angle data and transmits the data to the BIM module and the settlement compensation regulation and control module. The settlement compensation regulation and control module comprises a compensation decision unit, an execution mechanism unit and a feedback control unit, and a'monitoring-decision-execution-feedback 'closed-loop control link is formed. According to the invention, the three modules are integrated to realize full-flow dynamic linkage of foundation settlement, so that the problems that a traditional geologic model is disjointed with monitoring data and settlement is difficult to compensate in real time are solved, and the construction precision and the structural stability are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of foundation settlement monitoring technology, and in particular to a BIM-based dynamic foundation settlement monitoring system and its usage method. Background Technology

[0002] In the field of civil engineering, foundation settlement monitoring is a crucial step in ensuring the safety of building structures. During construction and use, the foundation is susceptible to settlement deformation due to factors such as soil and rock properties, load changes, and groundwater level fluctuations. If the settlement exceeds the safety threshold, it may lead to structural cracking, tilting, or even collapse. Traditional monitoring methods mainly rely on manual, periodic data collection using measuring instruments, or on obtaining settlement data from a limited number of points through the deployment of static sensor networks, combined with finite element analysis software for settlement trend prediction. In recent years, BIM technology, with its 3D visualization, parametric, and information integration characteristics, has been gradually applied to the entire lifecycle management of projects, providing new technical support for foundation settlement analysis; however, its overall application is still in the exploratory stage.

[0003] Existing technologies for foundation settlement monitoring and control have significant shortcomings. On the one hand, BIM technology applications primarily focus on model building during the design phase, failing to establish dynamic linkages with real-time monitoring data during construction. This results in a disconnect between the geological model and the actual settlement state, making it impossible to intuitively reflect the dynamic changes in foundation settlement. On the other hand, traditional monitoring systems can only achieve data acquisition and simple early warning, lacking a closed-loop control mechanism from settlement data to construction compensation. Either they rely on manual judgment and compensation operations, leading to delayed response and insufficient accuracy; or while achieving partial automated monitoring, they cannot dynamically adjust the height of the foundation support structure and the tension of prestressed anchor bolts based on real-time data. This makes it difficult to establish effective linkage between settlement monitoring and construction compensation, failing to meet the high-precision control requirements for foundation stability in complex projects. Furthermore, although some related technical solutions have achieved visual monitoring and early warning functions, there is still considerable room for improvement in the real-time performance, accuracy, and closed-loop control of settlement compensation. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To overcome the above shortcomings, this invention provides a BIM-based dynamic monitoring system for foundation settlement and its usage method, aiming to improve the problem that the application of BIM technology is mostly focused on model building in the design stage and fails to form a dynamic linkage with real-time monitoring data during the construction process.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: a BIM-based dynamic monitoring system for foundation settlement, comprising a BIM parametric modeling module, a dynamic monitoring module, and a settlement compensation and control module. The BIM parametric modeling module is used to generate a three-dimensional BIM model containing geotechnical parameters, groundwater level data, and soil layer distribution information. It is connected to the dynamic monitoring module through a data communication interface to receive real-time monitoring data and dynamically update the settlement state in the model.

[0006] The dynamic monitoring module integrates displacement sensors, stress sensors, and tilt sensors. The displacement sensors are deployed in high-stress areas and soil layer interfaces in the BIM model; the stress sensors are embedded in the load-concentrated areas on the contact surface between the load-bearing structure and the foundation; and the tilt sensors are fixed to the horizontal displacement-sensitive foundation edges in the BIM model. The dynamic monitoring module collects the vertical displacement of key foundation nodes, stress changes within the load-bearing structure, and horizontal tilt angles of the edges. The processed real-time data is transmitted to the BIM parametric modeling module via a data communication interface, and data interaction is achieved with the settlement compensation and control module through a real-time control bus.

[0007] The settlement compensation and control module is used to adjust foundation construction parameters in real time based on dynamic monitoring data to compensate for settlement. It includes a compensation decision unit, an execution mechanism unit, and a feedback control unit. The compensation decision unit integrates a settlement prediction algorithm and a fuzzy controller. The settlement prediction algorithm generates a settlement trend prediction result based on historical settlement data and real-time monitoring data. The fuzzy controller outputs fuzzy instructions based on the deviation between the prediction result and the preset settlement threshold. The execution mechanism unit integrates a hydraulic drive mechanism and a servo motor. The hydraulic drive mechanism is used to adjust the vertical height of the foundation support structure, and the servo motor is used to adjust the tension of the prestressed anchor rods. The feedback control unit integrates a closed-loop control circuit and a signal conditioner. The closed-loop control circuit converts the execution parameters into drive signals, and the signal conditioner filters and amplifies the displacement feedback signal of the execution mechanism to form a closed-loop control link of "monitoring-decision-execution-feedback".

[0008] Preferably, the BIM parametric modeling module includes a geological database, a parametric algorithm library, and a 3D visualization engine. The geological database stores geotechnical parameters, groundwater level data, and soil layer distribution information, and connects to external geological exploration equipment through a standardized interface. The parametric algorithm library integrates finite element analysis algorithms and geological interpolation algorithms. The finite element analysis algorithm calculates the initial stress field of the foundation based on the geological database data, and the geological interpolation algorithm generates a continuous geological profile model. The 3D visualization engine uses a graphics rendering engine and a dynamic update interface to convert BIM model data into a 3D visualization interface, and receives real-time data updates on the model's settlement status through the dynamic update interface.

[0009] Preferably, the dynamic monitoring module includes a sensor unit, a data processing unit, and a data transmission unit; in the sensor unit, displacement sensors are installed at key nodes of the foundation, stress sensors are embedded inside the foundation load-bearing structure, and tilt sensors are fixed at the edge of the foundation; the data processing unit integrates a multi-channel data acquisition card and a noise suppression circuit, the multi-channel data acquisition card synchronously acquires analog signals from multiple types of sensors, and the noise suppression circuit uses an adaptive filtering algorithm to eliminate environmental interference; the data transmission unit integrates a wireless communication chip and a protocol conversion chip, and uploads data to the BIM parametric modeling module through an Internet of Things protocol, the protocol conversion chip supports multi-protocol compatibility to ensure data interoperability.

[0010] Preferably, the compensation decision unit further includes a settlement compensation calculation algorithm, used to convert fuzzy instructions into physical execution parameters for the hydraulic drive mechanism and servo motor. The algorithm formula is as follows:

[0011] ΔH = Kp・e(t) + Ki・∫e(t)dt + Kd・de(t) / dt where ΔH is the adjustment height of the hydraulic drive device, Kp is the proportional coefficient, Ki is the integral coefficient, Kd is the differential coefficient, e(t) is the deviation between the real-time settlement amount and the allowable settlement threshold, and t is the time variable;

[0012] ΔF = α・(S_measured - S_threshold) + β・(ds / dt) + F_initial, where ΔF is the anchor tension increment, α is the anchor stiffness coefficient, β is the creep inhibition coefficient, S_measured is the real-time settlement, S_threshold is the allowable settlement threshold, ds / dt is the settlement rate, and F_initial is the initial anchor tension.

[0013] Preferably, the actuator unit also integrates a laser rangefinder and an error compensation controller; the laser rangefinder is installed at the end of the piston rod of the hydraulic drive device and is used to measure the actual displacement in real time; the error compensation controller stores a nonlinear error mapping table and dynamically corrects the control signal of the servo motor according to the data from the laser rangefinder.

[0014] Preferably, the feedback control unit is further configured with an optimization algorithm, which adjusts the settlement compensation calculation algorithm parameters based on the settlement data of the past 30 days and the corresponding compensation effect data.

[0015] Preferably, the system also includes an early warning module, which triggers an alarm when settlement exceeds a threshold. The early warning module includes a threshold setting unit, a status analysis unit, and an alarm output unit. The threshold setting unit integrates a human-machine interface and a configuration file storage. The human-machine interface allows users to customize settlement thresholds and safety factors, and the configuration file storage stores threshold parameters for different construction stages. The status analysis unit integrates a pattern recognition algorithm and an anomaly detection model. The pattern recognition algorithm analyzes the periodic characteristics of settlement data, and the anomaly detection model identifies abrupt change signals based on a sliding window statistical method. The alarm output unit integrates an audible and visual alarm and a remote notification interface. The audible and visual alarm is installed at the construction site control center, and the remote notification interface sends early warning information to designated terminals via an SMS gateway.

[0016] Preferably, it also includes a communication module, which is used to ensure the real-time transmission of control commands. The communication module includes an industrial Ethernet switch, a redundant link controller, and an encrypted transmission unit. The industrial Ethernet switch adopts a ring topology to connect multiple actuator nodes and supports millisecond-level command transmission. The redundant link controller integrates a dual-channel communication chip and automatically switches to the backup link when the main link fails. The encrypted transmission unit uses a symmetric encryption algorithm to encrypt the control commands and verifies the legitimacy of the command source through digital signature.

[0017] Preferably, the BIM parametric modeling module and the dynamic monitoring module achieve bidirectional data interaction through a data communication interface. The real-time data of the dynamic monitoring module is used to update the settlement parameters of the BIM model, and the geological parameters of the BIM model provide location references for the sensor deployment of the dynamic monitoring module.

[0018] A method for using a BIM-based dynamic monitoring system for foundation settlement, characterized by the following steps:

[0019] S1. System initialization: Import geological data and generate a 3D model through the BIM parametric modeling module, and configure sensor parameters in the dynamic monitoring module;

[0020] S2. Real-time monitoring: The sensor unit is activated to collect displacement, stress and tilt data, which are then filtered by the data processing unit and uploaded to the BIM model.

[0021] S3, Settlement Compensation: When the monitoring data exceeds the preset threshold, the settlement compensation control module generates execution parameters and drives the actuator to adjust the foundation height and anchor tension;

[0022] S4. Closed-loop verification: The actual displacement after adjustment is collected by the feedback control unit and compared with the target value to confirm the compensation effect. If the deviation persists, the optimization algorithm is triggered to adjust the parameters.

[0023] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0024] 1. This invention first integrates a BIM parametric modeling module, a dynamic monitoring module, and a settlement compensation and control module to achieve dynamic linkage of the entire foundation settlement process, from monitoring and decision-making to execution and feedback. The BIM parametric modeling module generates a 3D model containing geotechnical parameters, groundwater level data, and soil layer distribution information, and updates the settlement status in real time based on dynamic monitoring data. This solves the problem of disconnect between traditional geological models and construction monitoring data, allowing construction personnel to intuitively grasp the dynamics of foundation settlement. The dynamic monitoring module collects data from multiple dimensions using displacement sensors, stress sensors, and tilt sensors to ensure comprehensive and accurate settlement information, providing a reliable basis for compensation decisions. The settlement compensation and control module's compensation decision unit combines historical and real-time data to predict settlement trends. A fuzzy controller outputs precise commands, and the execution mechanism adjusts the foundation height and anchor tension in coordination through a hydraulic drive mechanism and a servo motor. The feedback control unit ensures the compensation effect through closed-loop control, effectively solving the problem of difficulty in real-time compensation after settlement is detected in traditional monitoring, and significantly improving the accuracy of foundation construction and structural stability.

[0025] 2. In this invention, the geological database of the BIM parametric modeling module interfaces with external exploration equipment, and the parametric algorithm library generates accurate geological models through finite element analysis and geological interpolation. The 3D visualization engine provides an intuitive presentation of settlement status, improving modeling efficiency and the accuracy of geological analysis. The multi-channel data acquisition card of the dynamic monitoring module synchronously processes signals from multiple types of sensors, the noise suppression circuit eliminates environmental interference, and the data transmission unit ensures data interoperability, solving the problem of monitoring signal distortion in complex environments. The settlement compensation calculation algorithm of the compensation decision unit transforms fuzzy instructions into specific execution parameters. The laser rangefinder and error compensation controller of the execution mechanism correct displacement errors, and the optimization algorithm of the feedback control unit continuously adjusts parameters, making compensation more accurate. The early warning module triggers alarms in a timely manner through custom thresholds, pattern recognition, and anomaly detection, ensuring construction safety. The industrial Ethernet switch, redundant links, and encrypted transmission of the communication module ensure real-time and secure transmission of instructions, avoiding communication interruptions that could affect the compensation effect. These features collectively improve the system's monitoring reliability, compensation precision, and operational stability, providing full-cycle safety assurance for foundation construction. Attached Figure Description

[0026] Figure 1 This is an overall flowchart of a BIM-based dynamic monitoring system for foundation settlement and its usage method proposed in this invention.

[0027] Figure 2 This is a flowchart of the settlement compensation and control module of a BIM-based dynamic monitoring system for foundation settlement and its usage method proposed in this invention. Detailed Implementation

[0028] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0029] Example 1, refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 A BIM-based dynamic monitoring system for foundation settlement includes a BIM parametric modeling module, a dynamic monitoring module, and a settlement compensation and control module. The BIM parametric modeling module generates a 3D BIM model containing geotechnical parameters, groundwater level data, and soil layer distribution information. It connects to the dynamic monitoring module via a data communication interface to receive real-time monitoring data and dynamically update the settlement state in the model. The dynamic monitoring module integrates displacement sensors, stress sensors, and tilt sensors. Displacement sensors are deployed in high-stress areas and soil layer interfaces within the BIM model. Stress sensors are embedded in load-concentrated areas on the contact surface between the load-bearing structure and the foundation. Tilt sensors are fixed to the horizontally displacement-sensitive edges of the foundation within the BIM model. The dynamic monitoring module collects the vertical displacement of key foundation nodes, stress changes within the load-bearing structure, and the horizontal tilt angle of the edges. The processed real-time data is then transmitted to the BIM parametric modeling module via the data communication interface. The system interacts with the settlement compensation and control module via a real-time control bus. The settlement compensation and control module adjusts foundation construction parameters in real time based on dynamic monitoring data to compensate for settlement. It includes a compensation decision unit, an execution mechanism unit, and a feedback control unit. The compensation decision unit integrates a settlement prediction algorithm and a fuzzy controller. The settlement prediction algorithm generates a settlement trend prediction result based on historical settlement data and real-time monitoring data. The fuzzy controller outputs fuzzy instructions based on the deviation between the prediction result and the preset settlement threshold. The execution mechanism unit integrates a hydraulic drive mechanism and a servo motor. The hydraulic drive mechanism is used to adjust the vertical height of the foundation support structure, and the servo motor is used to adjust the tension of the prestressed anchor rods. The feedback control unit integrates a closed-loop control circuit and a signal conditioner. The closed-loop control circuit converts the execution parameters into drive signals, and the signal conditioner filters and amplifies the displacement feedback signal of the execution mechanism, forming a closed-loop control link of "monitoring-decision-execution-feedback".

[0030] The BIM parametric modeling module receives real-time data updates from the dynamic monitoring module. The dynamic monitoring module collects and transmits the data to the settlement compensation and control module. The compensation decision unit generates instructions, the execution unit performs adjustments, and the feedback control unit forms a closed loop. This enables dynamic monitoring and precise compensation of foundation settlement, with each module working together to form a complete control link.

[0031] Example 2, refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 Based on Example 1, the BIM parametric modeling module includes a geological database, a parametric algorithm library, and a 3D visualization engine. The geological database stores geotechnical parameters, groundwater level data, and soil layer distribution information, and connects to external geological exploration equipment through a standardized interface. The parametric algorithm library integrates finite element analysis algorithms and geological interpolation algorithms. The finite element analysis algorithm calculates the initial stress field of the foundation based on the geological database data, and the geological interpolation algorithm generates a continuous geological profile model. The 3D visualization engine uses a graphics rendering engine and a dynamic update interface to convert BIM model data into a 3D visualization interface. It also receives real-time data updates on the model's settlement state through the dynamic update interface. The geological database stores geological data, the parametric algorithm library processes the data to generate a geological model, and the 3D visualization engine enables model visualization and dynamic updates, ensuring that the BIM model accurately reflects the geological and settlement states. Data integration and algorithm processing guarantee the model's accuracy. The dynamic monitoring module includes a sensor unit, a data processing unit, and a data transmission unit. In the sensor unit, displacement sensors are installed at key nodes of the foundation. Stress sensors are embedded inside the foundation's load-bearing structure, while tilt sensors are fixed at the foundation's edge. Initial stress fields are calculated using the Drucker-Prager criterion in BIM finite element analysis to generate cloud maps. Displacement sensors are placed at 6m intervals in high-stress zones (>200kPa) and at soil layer interfaces. Stress sensors are also embedded in areas where the structural self-weight and additional loads superimpose at >150kPa in the BIM model. Tilt sensors are fixed within 3m of the top of the foundation pit slope and the outer side of the building's exterior walls. The data processing unit integrates a multi-channel data acquisition card and a noise suppression circuit. The multi-channel data acquisition card simultaneously acquires analog signals from multiple types of sensors, and the noise suppression circuit uses an adaptive filtering algorithm to eliminate environmental interference. The data transmission unit integrates a wireless communication chip and a protocol conversion chip, uploading data to the BIM parametric modeling module via an IoT protocol. The protocol conversion chip supports multiple protocols to ensure data interoperability. The sensor unit collects multi-dimensional data, the data processing unit filters and removes interference, and the data transmission unit enables data interoperability, ensuring real-time and reliable monitoring data. Multi-sensor collaboration and anti-interference processing improve data quality.

[0032] The compensation decision unit also includes a settlement compensation calculation algorithm, which converts fuzzy instructions into physical execution parameters for the hydraulic drive mechanism and servo motor. The algorithm formula is as follows:

[0033] ΔH = Kp・e(t) + Ki・∫e(t)dt + Kd・de(t) / dt where ΔH is the adjustment height of the hydraulic drive device, Kp is the proportional coefficient, Ki is the integral coefficient, Kd is the differential coefficient, e(t) is the deviation between the real-time settlement amount and the allowable settlement threshold, and t is the time variable;

[0034] ΔF = α・(S_measured - S_threshold) + β・(ds / dt) + F_initial, where ΔF is the anchor tension increment, α is the anchor stiffness coefficient, β is the creep inhibition coefficient, S_measured is the real-time settlement, S_threshold is the allowable settlement threshold, ds / dt is the settlement rate, F_initial is the initial anchor tension, and the proportional coefficient Kp, integral coefficient Ki, and differential coefficient Kd are fixed values ​​based on the soil compression modulus: for soft soil foundations <10MPa, Kp=1.0, Ki=0.08, Kd=0.2; for medium-hard soil layers 10-30MPa, Kp=0.6, Ki=0.05, Kd=0.0. 8; When the hard soil layer is >30MPa, Kp=0.4, Ki=0.015, Kd=0.03. The parameters can be automatically matched through the geological database or manually modified through the human-machine interface; Anchor stiffness coefficient α: 220GPa for steel strand anchors and 70GPa for fiberglass anchors; Creep inhibition coefficient β: 0.4 for soft soil and 0.15 for sandy soil. It can be optimized through historical data inversion; The settlement compensation calculation algorithm of the compensation decision unit transforms fuzzy instructions into specific execution parameters through formulas, making the adjustment of the hydraulic drive mechanism and servo motor precise and quantitative. The algorithm transforms abstract instructions into executable physical parameters.

[0035] Example 3, refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2Based on Embodiment 1 or Embodiment 2, the actuator unit also integrates a laser rangefinder and an error compensation controller. The laser rangefinder is installed at the end of the piston rod of the hydraulic drive device to measure the actual displacement in real time. The error compensation controller stores a nonlinear error mapping table and dynamically corrects the control signal of the servo motor based on the data from the laser rangefinder. The laser rangefinder measures the displacement in real time, and the error compensation controller corrects the servo motor signal based on the measurement data, reducing execution errors and improving adjustment accuracy. Because real-time measurement and dynamic correction directly compensate for mechanical errors, the feedback control unit is also equipped with an optimization algorithm. The optimization algorithm adjusts the settlement compensation calculation algorithm parameters based on the settlement data of the past 30 days and the corresponding compensation effect data. The optimization algorithm of the settlement compensation unit adjusts the compensation parameters based on data from the past 30 days, continuously optimizing the settlement compensation effect. This is because the algorithm learns from historical data and constantly adapts to actual working conditions. It also includes an early warning module, which triggers an alarm when settlement exceeds a threshold. The early warning module includes a threshold setting unit, a status analysis unit, and an alarm output unit. The threshold setting unit integrates a human-machine interface and a configuration file storage. The human-machine interface allows users to customize settlement thresholds and safety factors, while the configuration file storage stores threshold parameters for different construction stages. The status analysis unit integrates a pattern recognition algorithm and an anomaly detection model. The pattern recognition algorithm analyzes the periodic characteristics of settlement data, while the anomaly detection model identifies sudden changes based on a sliding window statistical method. The alarm output unit integrates an audible and visual alarm and a remote notification interface. The audible and visual alarm is installed in the construction site control center, and the remote notification interface sends early warning information to designated terminals via an SMS gateway. A threshold setting unit sets thresholds, a status analysis unit identifies anomalies, and the alarm output unit triggers an alarm, achieving timely early warning when settlement exceeds limits. The multi-unit collaborative approach covers the entire process from threshold setting to alarm activation. It also includes a communication module to ensure real-time transmission of control commands. The communication module includes an industrial Ethernet switch, a redundant link controller, and an encrypted transmission unit. The industrial Ethernet switch uses a ring topology to connect multiple actuator nodes, supporting millisecond-level command transmission. The redundant link controller integrates a dual-channel communication chip. Automatic switching to the backup link in case of primary link failure, with a LoRa wireless backup link on the 433MHz band, a transmission range of 2km, supporting 200 nodes, and automatic switching when the primary link signal is <-85dBm; the sensor and transmission unit are connected by shielded twisted-pair cable with IP67 sealing, and a repeater is installed every 50m; encrypted transmission uses AES-256 algorithm with frequency hopping 15 times per second to prevent interference; the encrypted transmission unit uses a symmetric encryption algorithm to encrypt the control commands and verifies the legitimacy of the command source through digital signature; industrial Ethernet switches transmit commands quickly, redundant link controllers ensure continuous communication, and the encrypted transmission unit ensures command security, enabling real-time secure transmission of control commands; the redundancy design and encryption technology ensure communication reliability.The BIM parametric modeling module and the dynamic monitoring module achieve bidirectional data interaction through a data communication interface. Real-time data from the dynamic monitoring module is used to update the settlement parameters of the BIM model, while the geological parameters of the BIM model provide location references for sensor deployment in the dynamic monitoring module. This bidirectional interaction between the BIM parametric modeling module and the dynamic monitoring module allows model data to guide sensor deployment and monitoring data to update the model, improving the matching degree between the model and monitoring data. This bidirectional data feedback enables dynamic adaptation between the model and reality.

[0036] Example 4, refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 A method for using a BIM-based dynamic monitoring system for foundation settlement includes the following steps:

[0037] S1. System initialization: Import geological data and generate a 3D model through the BIM parametric modeling module, and configure sensor parameters in the dynamic monitoring module;

[0038] S2. Real-time monitoring: The sensor unit is activated to collect displacement, stress and tilt data, which are then filtered by the data processing unit and uploaded to the BIM model.

[0039] S3, Settlement Compensation: When the monitoring data exceeds the preset threshold, the settlement compensation control module generates execution parameters and drives the actuator to adjust the foundation height and anchor tension;

[0040] S4. Closed-loop verification: The actual displacement after adjustment is collected by the feedback control unit and compared with the target value to confirm the compensation effect. If the deviation persists, the optimization algorithm is triggered to adjust the parameters.

[0041] The system initialization, real-time monitoring, settlement compensation, and closed-loop verification steps are executed sequentially to ensure that the system can achieve settlement monitoring and compensation in an orderly manner. The steps are connected to form a complete operation process from preparation to verification.

[0042] Working Principle: After system startup, the BIM parametric modeling module first imports geotechnical parameters, groundwater level data, and soil layer distribution information from the geological database. This data comes from external geological exploration equipment and is transmitted through a standardized interface. The finite element analysis algorithm in the parametric algorithm library calculates the initial stress field of the foundation based on the geological database data, while the geological interpolation algorithm transforms the discrete exploration data into a continuous geological profile model. Finally, the graphics rendering engine of the 3D visualization engine converts this data into a 3D BIM model. The sensor unit of the dynamic monitoring module then begins to operate. Displacement sensors are installed at key nodes of the foundation to measure vertical displacement, stress sensors are embedded inside the foundation's load-bearing structure to monitor internal stress changes, and tilt sensors are fixed at the foundation edge to detect horizontal tilt angles. The analog signals collected by these sensors are synchronously received by the multi-channel data acquisition card of the data processing unit. The noise suppression circuit uses an adaptive filtering algorithm to eliminate environmental interference. The processed real-time data is uploaded via the wireless communication chip of the data transmission unit through the Internet of Things (IoT) protocol. The protocol conversion chip ensures multi-protocol compatibility to achieve data interoperability. Finally, it is transmitted to the BIM parametric modeling module through the data communication interface. The dynamic update interface of the 3D visualization engine receives this data and updates the settlement status of the BIM model in real time, allowing the 3D model to intuitively present the actual settlement of the foundation. At the same time, the dynamic monitoring module transmits the processed monitoring data to the settlement compensation and control module through the real-time control bus, providing a precise data foundation for subsequent settlement compensation.

[0043] After the monitoring data is transmitted to the settlement compensation and control module, the settlement prediction algorithm of the compensation decision unit combines historical settlement data and real-time monitoring data to generate a settlement trend prediction result. The fuzzy controller outputs fuzzy instructions based on the deviation between the prediction result and the preset settlement threshold. Then, the fuzzy instructions are converted into physical execution parameters for the hydraulic drive mechanism and servo motor through the settlement compensation calculation algorithm. The adjustment height of the hydraulic drive device is calculated by ΔH=Kp・e(t)+Ki・∫e(t)dt+Kd・de(t) / dt, and the anchor tension increment is initially determined by ΔF=α・(S_measured-S_threshold)+β・(ds / dt)+F. The execution parameters are received by the closed-loop control circuit of the feedback control unit and converted into drive signals to drive the actuator unit: the hydraulic drive mechanism adjusts the vertical height of the foundation support structure, and the servo motor adjusts the tension of the prestressed anchor. During this process, the laser rangefinder of the actuator unit is installed at the end of the piston rod of the hydraulic drive device to measure the actual displacement in real time. The error compensation controller dynamically corrects the control signal of the servo motor by calling the stored nonlinear error mapping table based on the data from the laser rangefinder. The signal conditioner of the feedback control unit filters and amplifies the displacement feedback signal from the actuator. The processed signal is then sent back to the compensation decision unit, forming a closed-loop control chain of "monitoring-decision-execution-feedback". Simultaneously, the optimization algorithm of the feedback control unit dynamically adjusts the parameters of the settlement compensation calculation algorithm based on the settlement data from the past 30 days and the corresponding compensation effect data, ensuring accurate and effective settlement compensation and keeping the foundation settlement within a controllable range.

[0044] Finally, it should be noted that the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A BIM-based dynamic monitoring system for foundation settlement, comprising a BIM parametric modeling module, a dynamic monitoring module, and a settlement compensation and control module, characterized in that: The BIM parametric modeling module is used to generate a three-dimensional BIM model containing geotechnical parameters, groundwater level data and soil layer distribution information. It is connected to the dynamic monitoring module through a data communication interface to receive real-time monitoring data and dynamically update the settlement state in the model. The dynamic monitoring module integrates displacement sensors, stress sensors, and tilt sensors. The displacement sensors are deployed in high-stress areas and soil layer interfaces in the BIM model; the stress sensors are embedded in the load-concentrated areas on the contact surface between the load-bearing structure and the foundation; and the tilt sensors are fixed to the horizontal displacement-sensitive foundation edges in the BIM model. The dynamic monitoring module collects the vertical displacement of key foundation nodes, stress changes within the load-bearing structure, and horizontal tilt angles of the edges. The processed real-time data is transmitted to the BIM parametric modeling module via a data communication interface, and data interaction is achieved with the settlement compensation and control module through a real-time control bus. The settlement compensation and control module is used to adjust foundation construction parameters in real time based on dynamic monitoring data to compensate for settlement. It includes a compensation decision unit, an execution mechanism unit, and a feedback control unit. The compensation decision unit integrates a settlement prediction algorithm and a fuzzy controller. The settlement prediction algorithm generates a settlement trend prediction result based on historical settlement data and real-time monitoring data. The fuzzy controller outputs fuzzy instructions based on the deviation between the prediction result and the preset settlement threshold. The execution mechanism unit integrates a hydraulic drive mechanism and a servo motor. The hydraulic drive mechanism is used to adjust the vertical height of the foundation support structure, and the servo motor is used to adjust the tension of the prestressed anchor rods. The feedback control unit integrates a closed-loop control circuit and a signal conditioner. The closed-loop control circuit converts the execution parameters into drive signals, and the signal conditioner filters and amplifies the displacement feedback signal of the execution mechanism to form a closed-loop control link of "monitoring-decision-execution-feedback".

2. The BIM-based dynamic monitoring system for foundation settlement according to claim 1, characterized in that: The BIM parametric modeling module includes a geological database, a parametric algorithm library, and a 3D visualization engine. The geological database stores geotechnical parameters, groundwater level data, and soil layer distribution information, and connects to external geological exploration equipment through a standardized interface. The parametric algorithm library integrates finite element analysis algorithms and geological interpolation algorithms. The finite element analysis algorithm calculates the initial stress field of the foundation based on the geological database data, and the geological interpolation algorithm generates a continuous geological profile model. The 3D visualization engine uses a graphics rendering engine and a dynamic update interface to convert BIM model data into a 3D visualization interface, and receives real-time data updates on the model's settlement status through the dynamic update interface.

3. The BIM-based dynamic monitoring system for foundation settlement according to claim 1, characterized in that: The dynamic monitoring module includes a sensor unit, a data processing unit, and a data transmission unit. In the sensor unit, displacement sensors are installed at key nodes of the foundation, stress sensors are embedded inside the foundation's load-bearing structure, and tilt sensors are fixed to the foundation's edge. The data processing unit integrates a multi-channel data acquisition card and a noise suppression circuit. The multi-channel data acquisition card simultaneously acquires analog signals from multiple types of sensors, and the noise suppression circuit employs an adaptive filtering algorithm to eliminate environmental interference. The data transmission unit integrates a wireless communication chip and a protocol conversion chip, uploading data to the BIM parametric modeling module via an IoT protocol. The protocol conversion chip supports multiple protocols to ensure data interoperability.

4. The BIM-based dynamic monitoring system for foundation settlement according to claim 1, characterized in that: The compensation decision unit also includes a settlement compensation calculation algorithm, used to convert fuzzy instructions into physical execution parameters for the hydraulic drive mechanism and servo motor. The algorithm formula is as follows: ΔH = Kp・e(t) + Ki・∫e(t)dt + Kd・de(t) / dt where ΔH is the adjustment height of the hydraulic drive device, Kp is the proportional coefficient, Ki is the integral coefficient, Kd is the differential coefficient, e(t) is the deviation between the real-time settlement amount and the allowable settlement threshold, and t is the time variable; ΔF = α・(S_measured - S_threshold) + β・(ds / dt) + F_initial, where ΔF is the anchor tension increment, α is the anchor stiffness coefficient, β is the creep inhibition coefficient, S_measured is the real-time settlement, S_threshold is the allowable settlement threshold, ds / dt is the settlement rate, and F_initial is the initial anchor tension.

5. The BIM-based dynamic monitoring system for foundation settlement according to claim 1, characterized in that: The actuator unit also integrates a laser rangefinder and an error compensation controller; the laser rangefinder is installed at the end of the piston rod of the hydraulic drive device and is used to measure the actual displacement in real time; the error compensation controller stores a nonlinear error mapping table and dynamically corrects the control signal of the servo motor based on the data from the laser rangefinder.

6. The BIM-based dynamic monitoring system for foundation settlement according to claim 1, characterized in that: The feedback control unit is also equipped with an optimization algorithm, which adjusts the parameters of the settlement compensation calculation algorithm based on the settlement data of the past 30 days and the corresponding compensation effect data.

7. The BIM-based dynamic monitoring system for foundation settlement according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes an early warning module, which triggers an alarm when settlement exceeds a threshold. The early warning module includes a threshold setting unit, a status analysis unit, and an alarm output unit. The threshold setting unit integrates a human-machine interface and a configuration file storage. The human-machine interface supports user-defined settlement thresholds and safety factors, and the configuration file storage stores threshold parameters for different construction stages. The status analysis unit integrates a pattern recognition algorithm and an anomaly detection model. The pattern recognition algorithm analyzes the periodic characteristics of settlement data, and the anomaly detection model identifies abrupt change signals based on a sliding window statistical method. The alarm output unit integrates an audible and visual alarm and a remote notification interface. The audible and visual alarm is installed at the construction site control center, and the remote notification interface sends early warning information to designated terminals via an SMS gateway.

8. The BIM-based dynamic monitoring system for foundation settlement according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a communication module, which is used to ensure the real-time transmission of control commands. The communication module includes an industrial Ethernet switch, a redundant link controller, and an encrypted transmission unit. The industrial Ethernet switch adopts a ring topology to connect multiple actuator nodes and supports millisecond-level command transmission. The redundant link controller integrates a dual-channel communication chip and automatically switches to the backup link when the main link fails. The encrypted transmission unit uses a symmetric encryption algorithm to encrypt the control commands and verifies the legitimacy of the command source through digital signature.

9. A BIM-based dynamic monitoring system for foundation settlement according to claim 1, characterized in that: The BIM parametric modeling module and the dynamic monitoring module achieve bidirectional data interaction through a data communication interface. The real-time data of the dynamic monitoring module is used to update the settlement parameters of the BIM model, and the geological parameters of the BIM model provide location references for the sensor deployment of the dynamic monitoring module.

10. A method for using a BIM-based dynamic monitoring system for foundation settlement, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. System initialization: Import geological data and generate a 3D model through the BIM parametric modeling module, and configure sensor parameters in the dynamic monitoring module; S2. Real-time monitoring: The sensor unit is activated to collect displacement, stress and tilt data, which are then filtered by the data processing unit and uploaded to the BIM model. S3, Settlement Compensation: When the monitoring data exceeds the preset threshold, the settlement compensation control module generates execution parameters and drives the actuator to adjust the foundation height and anchor tension; S4. Closed-loop verification: The actual displacement after adjustment is collected by the feedback control unit and compared with the target value to confirm the compensation effect. If the deviation persists, the optimization algorithm is triggered to adjust the parameters.

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