Equipment for testing mechanical properties and fatigue properties of materials and structural parts

Abstract

The invention discloses mechanical property and fatigue property testing equipment for materials and structural parts, relates to the technical field of mechanical property testing, and aims to solve the problem that existing testing equipment is complicated in operation. The equipment comprises a rack, a horizontal actuator, a vertical actuator and a bending actuator are arranged on the rack, and the horizontal actuator, the vertical actuator and the bending actuator are used for applying loads to a sample; the horizontal actuator is movably arranged in the length direction, the width direction and the height direction of the rack. The detection assemblies are arranged on the horizontal actuator, the vertical actuator and the bending actuator, and the detection assemblies are used for detecting the positions of the loading ends of the actuators and the loads borne by the actuators in real time; the special clamp is detachably arranged on the rack and loading ends of the horizontal actuator, the vertical actuator and the bending actuator; the control device is in signal connection with the horizontal actuator, the vertical actuator, the bending actuator and the detection assembly. By means of the arrangement, coupling loading of various loads can be achieved without replacing parts, the operation process is simplified, and the test efficiency is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of mechanical performance testing technology, and more specifically, to a device for testing the mechanical and fatigue properties of materials and structural components. Background Technology

[0002] In the field of materials mechanical property testing, structures or materials often endure complex composite loads during actual service, such as tension, compression, bending, torsion, shear, and combinations thereof. To accurately simulate these complex stress states and evaluate the mechanical and fatigue properties of materials, developing testing equipment capable of applying multiple loads is particularly important.

[0003] Existing testing equipment typically designs the horizontal thrust applicator as a replaceable structure to achieve arbitrary loading variations of load coupling or a single load under combined compression, bending, and torsion stresses. However, when combined compression and torsion loading is required, the horizontal thrust applicator must be replaced. Because the horizontal thrust applicator is relatively large, the replacement process is not only time-consuming and labor-intensive, but also requires recalibration and adjustment of the equipment after each replacement, further reducing testing efficiency and increasing operational complexity.

[0004] Therefore, how to solve the problem of the complexity of operating existing experimental equipment is an urgent problem to be solved by those skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of this, the purpose of this invention is to provide a testing device for the mechanical and fatigue properties of materials and structural components, which can achieve coupled loading of multiple loads without changing parts, simplifying the operation process and improving the testing efficiency.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0007] A testing device for the mechanical and fatigue properties of materials and structural components, comprising:

[0008] The frame is equipped with a horizontal actuator, a vertical actuator and a bending actuator for applying loads to the specimen. The horizontal actuator is movable along the length, width and height of the frame.

[0009] The detection components are located on the horizontal actuator, vertical actuator, and bending actuator. The detection components are used to detect the position of the loading end of each actuator and the load it bears in real time.

[0010] Specialized clamps are detachably mounted on the frame and at the loading ends of the horizontal, vertical, and bending actuators;

[0011] The control device is signal-connected to the horizontal actuator, vertical actuator, bending actuator, and detection components.

[0012] Preferably, the detection component includes a displacement sensor and a force sensor, both of which are coaxially arranged with the corresponding horizontal actuator, vertical actuator, and bending actuator. The displacement sensor is located at the fixed end of each actuator, and the force sensor is located at the loading end of each actuator.

[0013] Preferably, the frame includes a horizontally arranged support base and a support beam. The support beam is vertically adjustable and is mounted on the support base. The support beam is driven by a lifting device, which is signal-connected to a control device.

[0014] Preferably, the vertical actuator is located at the center of the supporting beam, the force sensor at the loading end of the vertical actuator is connected to the upper pressure plate, the bending actuator is eccentrically located on the supporting beam, and the fixed end and loading end of the bending actuator and the horizontal actuator are all provided with ball joint structures.

[0015] Preferably, the four corners of the support base are provided with guide columns, the support beam is provided with light holes for the guide columns to slide, the bottom of the support beam is provided with guide seats, and the guide seats are provided with guide holes for the guide columns to slide.

[0016] Preferably, the two opposite edges of the supporting beam are provided with openings that communicate with the corresponding light holes. The openings extend along the thickness direction of the supporting beam. The outer side of the openings is provided with connecting ears that protrude from the edge of the supporting beam. The two opposite connecting ears are connected by a locking device so that the locking device locks or releases the guide column. The locking device is signal-connected to the control device.

[0017] Preferably, the guide seat is provided with a guide rail structure for movably connecting the upper pressure plate, and the guide rail structure extends along the height direction of the frame.

[0018] Preferably, a horizontal loading reaction frame is provided on one side of the bearing base. The horizontal loading reaction frame is perpendicular to the end face of the bearing base and extends along the width direction of the bearing base. The horizontal loading reaction frame can move along the length direction of the bearing base. A horizontal actuator is movably provided on the horizontal loading reaction frame. The horizontal actuator can move along the extension direction and the height direction of the horizontal loading reaction frame.

[0019] Preferably, at least two horizontal actuators are provided, and the at least two horizontal actuators are arranged side by side on the horizontal loading reaction frame along the extension direction of the horizontal loading reaction frame.

[0020] Preferably, the support base is provided with a sample feeding component fixture, which includes a feeding support plate and a driving device. The driving device is used to drive the feeding support plate to move along the length direction of the support base, and the feeding support plate is used to install a special fixture.

[0021] The mechanical and fatigue performance testing equipment for materials and structural components provided by this invention includes a frame, a horizontal actuator, a vertical actuator, a bending actuator, a testing component, a special fixture, and a control device. Specifically, the control device is signal-connected to the horizontal actuator, the vertical actuator, the bending actuator, and the testing component. The control device is used to control the actions of the horizontal actuator, the vertical actuator, and the bending actuator and to receive feedback signals from the testing component, thereby achieving centralized control and automated operation. It can adjust the loading strategy based on real-time feedback, improve the intelligence level of the test, and enhance the test efficiency and safety.

[0022] The frame is equipped with horizontal, vertical, and bending actuators for applying loads to the specimens. By integrating these three different types of actuators, the equipment can simultaneously apply horizontal, vertical, and bending loads to the specimens, achieving coupled loading of multiple loads. This meets the material performance testing requirements under complex stress conditions, improving the authenticity and comprehensiveness of the tests. The horizontal actuators are movable along the length, width, and height of the frame. The three-way adjustable design of the horizontal actuators significantly improves the flexibility of the loading position and the adaptability of the test space. It can achieve multi-dimensional and multi-mode loading of specimens of different sizes and shapes, expanding the applicability of the equipment and meeting the testing requirements under complex load conditions.

[0023] The detection components are located on the horizontal, vertical, and bending actuators to detect the position of the loading end of each actuator and the load it bears in real time. By monitoring the position and force of the loading end in real time, combined with the closed-loop feedback control of the control device, the loading accuracy and test reliability are effectively improved, ensuring the accuracy and reliability of the test data. The special fixtures are detachably located on the frame and the loading ends of the horizontal, vertical, and bending actuators. The detachable design of the fixtures allows the equipment to be quickly adapted to different types of samples, improving the versatility and flexibility of the equipment, reducing test preparation time, increasing test efficiency, and reducing test costs.

[0024] The mechanical and fatigue performance testing equipment for materials and structural components designed in the above manner integrates horizontal, vertical, and bending actuators, and is equipped with a three-way adjustable horizontal actuator. It can achieve coupled loading of multiple loads without changing parts, adapt to specimens of different sizes and shapes, meet the testing requirements under complex stress states, simplify the operation process, improve the testing efficiency, and enhance the versatility and applicability of the equipment. Attached Figure Description

[0025] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on the provided drawings without creative effort.

[0026] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of the mechanical and fatigue performance testing equipment for materials and structural components provided by the present invention;

[0027] Figure 2 This is a front view of the testing equipment for the mechanical and fatigue properties of materials and structural components provided by the present invention.

[0028] Figure label:

[0029] 1-Frame, 101-Bearing base, 102-Bearing crossbeam, 103-Horizontal loading reaction frame;

[0030] 2- Horizontal actuator;

[0031] 3-Vertical actuator;

[0032] 4- Bending actuator;

[0033] 5-Detection component, 51-Displacement sensor, 52-Force sensor;

[0034] 6-Special fixture;

[0035] 7- Lifting device;

[0036] 8-Upper pressure plate;

[0037] 9-Spherical hinge structure;

[0038] 10-Guide columns;

[0039] 11-Guide seat;

[0040] 12-Opening;

[0041] 13-Locking device;

[0042] 14-Guide rail structure;

[0043] 15-Sample feeding component fixture, 151-Feeding support plate, 152-Drive device. Detailed Implementation

[0044] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0045] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "linking," and "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0046] It should be noted that the directional terms such as "up" and "down" in the following text are defined based on the accompanying drawings in the instruction manual.

[0047] The core of this invention is to provide a testing device for the mechanical and fatigue properties of materials and structural components, which can achieve coupled loading of multiple loads without changing parts, simplifying the operation process and improving the testing efficiency.

[0048] Please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 A testing device for the mechanical and fatigue properties of materials and structural components includes a frame 1, a horizontal actuator 2, a vertical actuator 3, a bending actuator 4, a testing assembly 5, a special fixture 6, and a control device.

[0049] Specifically, the control device is signal-connected to the horizontal actuator 2, vertical actuator 3, bending actuator 4, and detection component 5. The control device is used to control the actions of the horizontal actuator 2, vertical actuator 3, and bending actuator 4 and to receive feedback signals from the detection component 5, thereby achieving centralized control and automated operation. It can adjust the loading strategy based on real-time feedback, improve the intelligence level of the test, and enhance the test efficiency and safety.

[0050] The frame 1 is equipped with a horizontal actuator 2, a vertical actuator 3, and a bending actuator 4 for applying loads to the specimen. By integrating three different types of actuators, the equipment can simultaneously apply horizontal, vertical, and bending loads to the specimen, realizing the coupled loading of multiple loads, meeting the material performance testing requirements under complex stress conditions, and improving the authenticity and comprehensiveness of the test. The horizontal actuator 2 is movable along the length, width, and height directions of the frame 1. The three-way adjustable design of the horizontal actuator 2 significantly improves the flexibility of the loading position and the adaptability of the test space, enabling multi-dimensional and multi-mode loading of specimens of different sizes and shapes, expanding the applicability of the equipment, and meeting the testing requirements under complex load conditions.

[0051] The detection component 5 is located on the horizontal actuator 2, the vertical actuator 3, and the bending actuator 4. It is used to detect the position of the loading end of each actuator and the load it bears in real time. By monitoring the position and force of the loading end in real time, combined with the closed-loop feedback control of the control device, the loading accuracy and test reliability are effectively improved, ensuring the accuracy and reliability of the test data. The special fixture 6 is detachably located on the frame 1 and the loading ends of the horizontal actuator 2, the vertical actuator 3, and the bending actuator 4. The detachable design of the fixture allows the equipment to be quickly adapted to different types of samples, improving the versatility and flexibility of the equipment, reducing test preparation time, improving test efficiency, and reducing test costs.

[0052] The specialized fixture 6 can be divided into several types according to testing needs, including hydraulic fixtures for performance testing or fatigue life testing of bars or plates, mechanical fixtures for performance testing or fatigue life testing of T-shaped, cross-shaped, and L-shaped structural components, and fixtures customized for irregularly shaped samples for multi-point, multi-dimensional loading testing. The equipment integrates vertical loading, horizontal loading, bending loading, shear loading, and torsional loading functions, supports in-phase or out-of-phase control, and can perform independent tests for each loading mode.

[0053] The mechanical and fatigue performance testing equipment for materials and structural components set up in the above manner, by integrating horizontal, vertical and bending actuators 4 and cooperating with a three-way adjustable horizontal actuator 2, can achieve coupled loading of multiple loads without changing parts, adapt to specimens of different sizes and shapes, meet the testing requirements under complex stress states, simplify the operation process, improve the testing efficiency, and enhance the versatility and applicability of the equipment.

[0054] In the above embodiment, the detection component 5 includes a displacement sensor 51 and a force sensor 52. The displacement sensor 51 and the force sensor 52 are coaxially arranged with the corresponding horizontal actuator 2, vertical actuator 3, and bending actuator 4. The displacement sensor 51 is located at the fixed end of each actuator, and the force sensor 52 is located at the loading end of each actuator.

[0055] It should be noted that, taking the vertical actuator 3 as an example, the displacement sensor 51 is fixed to the fixed end of the vertical actuator 3 by bolts, and its measuring axis is coaxially aligned with the piston rod of the vertical actuator 3. When the piston rod of the vertical actuator 3 extends or retracts, the displacement sensor 51 can measure its displacement in real time and transmit the data to the control device. The force sensor 52 is installed at the loading end of the vertical actuator 3, that is, the front end of the piston rod, and is in direct contact with the sample. When the vertical actuator 3 applies force to the sample, the force sensor 52 can measure the applied force value in real time and transmit the data to the control device. The detection components 5 of the horizontal actuator 2 and the bending actuator 4 are set up in a similar manner to those of the vertical actuator 3. Both the displacement sensor 51 and the force sensor 52 are coaxially set with the actuator, ensuring the accuracy and reliability of the measurement. Based on the data fed back by the displacement sensor 51 and the force sensor 52, the control device adjusts the action of each actuator in real time to achieve closed-loop control and ensure the accuracy and stability of the test process. By placing displacement sensor 51 and force sensor 52 at the fixed end and loading end of the actuator respectively, the structural space of the actuator is made reasonable use, making the layout of the entire device more compact and reasonable, which is conducive to the maintenance and management of the device.

[0056] In the above configuration, the frame 1 includes a horizontally arranged support base 101 and a support beam 102. The support beam 102 is vertically detachable from the support base 101 and is driven by a lifting device 7, which is signal-connected to a control device. Furthermore, guide columns 10 are provided at the four corners of the support base 101, and the support beam 102 has light holes for the guide columns 10 to slide through. A guide seat 11 is provided at the bottom of the support beam 102, and the guide seat 11 has guide holes for the guide columns 10 to slide through.

[0057] In one specific embodiment, four guide columns 10 are fixedly installed at the four corners of the support base 101, with the guide columns 10 perpendicular to the support base 101. The support beam 102 has light holes corresponding to the positions of the guide columns 10, through which the guide columns 10 pass, allowing the support beam 102 to slide up and down along the guide columns 10. A guide seat 11 is fixedly installed at the bottom of the support beam 102, with guide holes that mate with the guide columns 10, through which the guide columns 10 pass, allowing the guide seat 11 to slide along the guide columns 10. The guide columns 10, in conjunction with the light holes on the support beam 102 and the guide holes on the guide seat 11, provide precise guidance and positioning for the support beam 102, ensuring that the support beam 102 remains horizontal during lifting and lowering, avoiding deviation or swaying, and improving the stability and safety of the testing process. The four guide columns 10, distributed at the four corners of the support base 101, form a stable support structure, significantly enhancing the overall rigidity of the equipment.

[0058] Among them, the load-bearing crossbeam 102 is made by casting in one piece, which has the characteristics of high strength, high rigidity and light weight. The load-bearing crossbeam 102 can be continuously raised and lowered, which allows it to adjust its height precisely within a large range to meet the testing needs of samples of different sizes, expand the applicability of the equipment and improve its versatility and flexibility.

[0059] In other words, the frame 1 is a closed four-column frame structure consisting of a load-bearing crossbeam 102, a guide column 10, and a load-bearing base 101. The entire frame 1 has high rigidity, which can provide strong support for the overall equipment and effectively resist the reaction force and bending moment generated during the test. This ensures that the equipment remains stable when subjected to large loads, reduces structural deformation, and thus guarantees the accuracy and reliability of the test results.

[0060] Understandably, by flexibly mounting the load-bearing beam 102 on the load-bearing base 101 and driving it via a lifting device 7 connected to the control device, automatic lifting control of the load-bearing beam 102 is achieved. This allows the test space to be flexibly adjusted according to the size of the specimen and test requirements, eliminating the need for manual disassembly or adjustment of the equipment structure. This significantly improves test preparation efficiency and reduces the time and labor intensity of manual operation. The lifting function of the load-bearing beam 102 enables the equipment to adapt to specimens of different heights and specifications, expanding its application range. Whether it is a small specimen or a large structural component, precise loading can be achieved by adjusting the position of the load-bearing beam 102, thereby improving the versatility and flexibility of the equipment and meeting the needs of different test scenarios.

[0061] In one feasible implementation, the lifting device 7 can be a lifting cylinder. The piston rod end of the lifting cylinder is mounted on the bearing base 101, and the cylinder barrel end is fixed to the bearing beam 102, allowing the cylinder barrel end to directly bear and transmit the load. This fully utilizes the higher structural strength of the cylinder barrel, enabling it to withstand greater axial force and significantly improving the load-bearing capacity and stability of the lifting cylinder. The bearing beam 102 can move up and down along the guide column 10 through the extension and retraction of the lifting cylinder, achieving stepless adjustment of the test space. This allows the equipment to adapt to samples of different heights and specifications, expanding the applicability of the equipment and improving the flexibility and efficiency of the test. In practical applications, the lifting device 7 can be a drive element that provides linear reciprocating motion, such as an electric push rod, hydraulic cylinder, or pneumatic cylinder.

[0062] Furthermore, the vertical actuator 3 is located at the center of the supporting beam 102, and the force sensor 52 at the loading end of the vertical actuator 3 is connected to the pressure plate 8. The bending actuator 4 is eccentrically located on the supporting beam 102. The fixed end and loading end of the bending actuator 4 and the horizontal actuator 2 are both provided with ball joint structures 9.

[0063] In one specific embodiment, the vertical actuator 3 is fixedly installed at the center of the supporting beam 102, and its loading end is connected to a force sensor 52. An upper pressure plate 8 is fixedly connected to the front end of the force sensor 52. The upper pressure plate 8 is used to contact the top of the specimen, transferring the vertical load generated by the vertical actuator 3 to the specimen. The bending actuator 4 is eccentrically mounted on the supporting beam 102, and its fixed end and loading end are both connected by a ball joint structure 9. The ball joint structure 9 allows the bending actuator 4 to freely adjust its angle during loading to accommodate the deformation of the specimen under bending load. The fixed end and loading end of the horizontal actuator 2 are also connected by a ball joint structure 9, ensuring that the horizontal load can be accurately applied to the specimen while allowing for a certain degree of adaptive adjustment.

[0064] It should be noted that the vertical actuator 3 is positioned at the center of the load-bearing beam 102 to ensure that the vertical load is applied accurately and evenly to the center of the specimen, avoiding additional bending moments caused by eccentric loading and improving the accuracy of the test results. The eccentric setting of the bending actuator 4 enables it to apply effective bending loads to the specimen, simulating the bending stress state in actual working conditions. The fixed and loading ends of the bending actuator 4 and the horizontal actuator 2 adopt a ball joint structure 9, allowing the actuators to freely adjust their angles during loading to adapt to the deformation and displacement of the specimen, avoiding additional stress caused by rigid connections, and improving the flexibility and reliability of loading. The ball joint structure 9 can automatically adjust the angle of the actuators, reducing the risk of equipment damage due to specimen deformation or installation errors, while also preventing unexpected damage to the specimen due to inappropriate loading methods, extending the service life of the equipment, and improving test safety.

[0065] Based on the above embodiment, the two opposite edges of the supporting beam 102 are provided with openings 12 that communicate with the corresponding light holes. The openings 12 extend along the thickness direction of the supporting beam 102. The outer side of the openings 12 is provided with connecting ears that protrude from the edge of the supporting beam 102. The two oppositely arranged connecting ears are connected by a locking device 13 so that the locking device 13 locks or releases the guide column 10. The locking device 13 is signal connected to the control device.

[0066] In one specific embodiment, the supporting beam 102 has openings 12 communicating with light holes on two opposite edges, and these openings 12 extend along the thickness direction of the supporting beam 102. Outside the openings 12, the edges of the supporting beam 102 protrude to form connecting ears, and the two oppositely arranged connecting ears are connected by a locking device 13. The locking device 13 can be a hydraulic cylinder, pneumatic cylinder, or electric push rod, or other drive element capable of providing linear reciprocating motion. The locking device 13 is signal-connected to a control device, which can control the action of the locking device 13 to achieve the function of locking or releasing the guide column 10.

[0067] It should be noted that by providing openings 12 and connecting lugs on the load-bearing beam 102, and in conjunction with the locking device 13, the guide column 10 can be locked after the load-bearing beam 102 is adjusted to a suitable position, preventing accidental movement or shaking of the load-bearing beam 102 during the test and ensuring the safety of the test process. The locking device 13 firmly connects the load-bearing beam 102 and the guide column 10 together, increasing the overall stability of the equipment. During the test, even under large loads, the load-bearing beam 102 can remain stable, improving the accuracy of the test results. The locking device 13 is connected to the control device, realizing automated control of locking and unlocking operations. Test personnel only need to issue commands through the control device to quickly complete the locking or unlocking action, simplifying the operation process and improving test efficiency. During the movement of the load-bearing beam 102, the locking device 13 is in the loosened state, reducing friction between the guide column 10 and the load-bearing beam 102. In the locked state, there is no relative movement between the load-bearing beam 102 and the guide column 10, avoiding unnecessary wear and extending the equipment's service life. This locking structure is suitable for guide columns 10 of different sizes and specifications; simply adjusting the locking force of the locking device 13 is sufficient to accommodate different guide columns 10, improving the equipment's adaptability and versatility.

[0068] In the above embodiment, the guide seat 11 is provided with a guide rail structure 14 for movably connecting the upper pressure plate 8, and the guide rail structure 14 extends along the height direction of the frame 1.

[0069] In one specific embodiment, the guide seat 11 is provided with a guide rail structure 14 extending along the height direction of the frame 1. This guide rail structure 14 is used to movably connect the upper pressure plate 8. The guide rail structure 14 can be a linear guide rail, a slide rail, or other mechanical structure capable of providing linear guidance. The upper pressure plate 8 cooperates with the guide rail structure 14 via a slider or similar connector, enabling it to perform smooth reciprocating motion along the guide rail structure 14 in the height direction of the frame 1. This ensures that the upper pressure plate 8 maintains good guidance and stability when subjected to vertical loads, ensuring that the load is accurately applied to the sample.

[0070] Understandably, the guide rail structure 14 provides precise guidance for the upper pressure plate 8, ensuring it maintains a stable trajectory during vertical movement. This avoids inaccurate load application due to offset or swaying, thereby improving the accuracy of the test results. When the device simultaneously applies vertical and horizontal loads to the sample, the guide rail structure 14 can relieve the horizontal force exerted by the horizontal actuator 2 on the vertical actuator 3.

[0071] In a preferred embodiment, a horizontal loading reaction frame 103 is provided on one side of the support base 101. The horizontal loading reaction frame 103 is perpendicular to the end face of the support base 101 and extends along the width direction of the support base 101. The horizontal loading reaction frame 103 can move along the length direction of the support base 101. A horizontal actuator 2 is movably provided on the horizontal loading reaction frame 103. The horizontal actuator 2 can move along the extension direction and the height direction of the horizontal loading reaction frame 103.

[0072] It should be noted that a horizontal loading reaction frame 103 is installed on one side of the support base 101. This horizontal loading reaction frame 103 is perpendicular to the end face of the support base 101 and extends along the width direction of the support base 101. The horizontal loading reaction frame 103 is connected to the support base 101 via a guide rail or slide, allowing it to move along the length direction of the support base 101. The horizontal actuator 2 is installed on the horizontal loading reaction frame 103 via a slider or similar connector, and can move along the extension direction of the horizontal loading reaction frame 103 (i.e., the width direction of the support base 101) and the height direction. This allows the horizontal actuator 2 to achieve three-way adjustment in space, enabling precise loading of the specimen, improving the flexibility of the loading position, adapting to specimens of different sizes and shapes, and meeting the loading requirements under complex test conditions. Through the combined movement of the horizontal loading reaction frame 103 and the horizontal actuator 2, the equipment can apply a precise horizontal load to the specimen, suitable for various test scenarios such as tension, compression, bending, shear, and torsion. This design enhances the device's applicability and expands its application range.

[0073] In the above case, at least two horizontal actuators 2 are provided, and at least two horizontal actuators 2 are arranged side by side on the horizontal loading reaction frame 103 along the extension direction of the horizontal loading reaction frame 103.

[0074] Understandably, when a torsional load needs to be applied to the specimen, two horizontal actuators 2 are arranged on the left and right sides of the horizontal loading reaction frame 103, respectively, that is, these two horizontal actuators 2 are arranged side by side along the extension direction of the horizontal loading reaction frame 103. By controlling the two horizontal actuators 2 to apply loads of opposite directions and equal magnitudes, a torque is generated on the specimen, realizing torsional loading. This allows the equipment to achieve various loading modes such as tension, compression, bending, shear, and torsion, meeting the material mechanical property testing requirements under complex stress states. The coordinated work of the two horizontal actuators 2 can precisely control the magnitude and direction of the torque, meeting the torsional loading requirements under different test conditions. In practical applications, there is no limit to the number of horizontal actuators 2; the design can be tailored to the specific circumstances.

[0075] A vertical actuator 3 and a bending actuator 4 are mounted on the load-bearing beam 102 to apply vertical and bending loads to the specimen. A horizontal actuator 2 is mounted on the load-bearing base 101 to apply a horizontal load to the specimen. These actuators are all connected to a control device. The control device controls the movement of each actuator and the lifting device 7 based on a preset test program and data feedback from the detection component 5. Before the test, the control device adjusts the load-bearing beam 102 to a suitable position according to the specimen height and test requirements, ensuring accurate alignment between the loading component and the specimen. Then, the control device activates each actuator to load the specimen according to the set loading program. Simultaneously, the detection component 5 monitors the displacement and force values ​​during the test in real time and feeds the data back to the control device, achieving closed-loop control and ensuring the accuracy and stability of the test. After the test, the control device stops loading by controlling each actuator and raises the load-bearing beam 102 by controlling the lifting device 7 to facilitate specimen unloading and replacement. The entire testing process was automated, which improved testing efficiency and safety, and provided an efficient and accurate solution for testing the mechanical properties of materials.

[0076] In the above embodiment, the support base 101 is provided with a sample feeding component fixture 15, which facilitates the quick installation and replacement of the sample and the special fixture 6. The sample feeding component fixture 15 includes a feeding support plate 151 and a driving device 152. The driving device 152 is used to drive the feeding support plate 151 to move along the length direction of the support base 101. The feeding support plate 151 is used to install the special fixture 6.

[0077] It should be noted that the sample feeding assembly fixture 15 is arranged on the support base 101 and mainly consists of a feeding support plate 151, a support wheel assembly, a trapezoidal screw transmission mechanism, a reducer, a drive motor, a handwheel, and a guide key. It is used to assist in the installation of the special fixture 6. Specifically, the output shaft of the drive motor is connected to one input shaft of the reducer, the handwheel is connected to the other input shaft of the reducer, the output shaft of the reducer is connected to the trapezoidal screw transmission mechanism, and the trapezoidal screw transmission mechanism is connected to the feeding support plate 151. The support wheel assembly is located at the bottom of the feeding support plate 151 and moves along the guide key, which is located on the upper surface of the support base 101. During sample feeding and unloading, the drive motor mainly drives the screw to rotate, and the screw nut drives the feeding support plate 151 into or out of the test space. The motor start / stop protection is triggered by a proximity switch to stop the motor. Regardless of the type of fixture, all are connected to the equipment's support base 101, upper pressure plate 8, bending actuator 4, and horizontal actuator 2 via ball joint structures 9 using high-strength bolts.

[0078] In one feasible implementation, the vertical actuator 3, the bending actuator 4, the horizontal actuator 2, and the lifting device 7 can all be powered by a hydraulic unit, which mainly consists of a motor-pump assembly, an oil circuit system, and auxiliary devices. The motor-pump assembly includes a motor, an oil pump, a coupling, and a bell housing; the oil circuit system includes a distributor valve block, a check valve, and a relief valve. Auxiliary devices include an oil tank, a heat exchanger, an oil filter, various pipelines, pressure gauges, and pressure gauge switches, etc. Specific connection relationships are referenced in existing technology.

[0079] The control device mainly consists of an electrical control cabinet, a multi-channel controller, a host computer, and software. The controller is the core component of the testing equipment, and its control principle is as follows: High-pressure oil output from the hydraulic source flows through an oil filter and an accumulator into the electro-hydraulic servo valve. Simultaneously, the electrical signal given by the electrical control system is compared with the feedback signal output from the force sensor 52 or the displacement sensor 51. This difference signal is amplified and sent to the electro-hydraulic servo valve, converting the electrical signal into oil flow. The high-pressure oil is alternately input into the actuator's actuating chamber, driving the piston to reciprocate at high speed. The piston rod is connected to the corresponding specimen, tooling, and sensor. At this time, the force and displacement values ​​acting on the specimen are measured by the force sensor 52 and the displacement sensor 51 and fed back to the controller, thus forming a closed loop for operation.

[0080] In summary, the mechanical and fatigue performance testing equipment for materials and structural components provided by this invention can perform various types of tests, specifically as follows: The equipment can apply vertical loads to the specimens, including static tensile or compression tests, as well as dynamic tensile-tensile fatigue, dynamic compressive-compression fatigue, and dynamic tensile-compression fatigue tests. For example, in a static tensile test, the equipment stretches the specimen at a constant speed until it fractures to determine its tensile strength and elongation; in a dynamic tensile-tensile fatigue test, the equipment cyclically stretches the specimen at a set frequency and amplitude to evaluate its fatigue life under repeated tensile loads. The equipment can perform static bending tests and dynamic bending fatigue tests on the specimens. In a static bending test, the equipment applies gradually increasing bending loads to the specimens to determine their bending strength and bending modulus; in a dynamic bending fatigue test, the equipment applies cyclic bending loads to the specimens at a certain frequency to evaluate their fatigue performance under repeated bending loads. The equipment can apply horizontal loads to the specimens, including horizontal static tensile or compression tests, as well as horizontal dynamic tensile-tensile fatigue, horizontal dynamic compressive-compression fatigue, horizontal dynamic tensile-compression fatigue, and torsional loading tests. For example, in a torsional loading test, the equipment applies torque to the specimen through two horizontal actuators 2 to simulate the torsional stress state under actual working conditions. The equipment can perform various composite load tests, including static vertical tension / compression and bending composite loads, dynamic vertical tension / compression and bending composite loads, static vertical tension / compression and horizontal tension / compression composite loading, dynamic vertical tension / compression and horizontal tension / compression composite loading, static vertical tension / compression + horizontal torsional loading, and dynamic vertical tension / compression + horizontal torsional loading. For example, in a dynamic vertical tension / compression and bending composite load test, the equipment simultaneously applies vertical cyclic loads and bending loads to the specimen to simulate the composite stress state under actual working conditions. The equipment can achieve in-phase and out-of-phase tension / compression + bending composite loads, as well as in-phase and out-of-phase vertical tension / compression + horizontal tension / compression composite loads. Furthermore, the equipment supports various waveform loading such as sine waves, triangular waves, and trapezoidal waves to meet different testing standards and research needs.

[0081] This equipment can perform vertical, bending, horizontal, and various composite load tests, covering the main test types in material mechanical property testing, meeting various testing standards and research needs, and has wide applicability. The equipment supports multiple loading methods, including static and dynamic loading, as well as in-phase and out-of-phase loading, capable of simulating complex stress states in actual working conditions and adapting to the testing needs of different materials and structures. It supports multiple waveform loading such as sine waves, triangular waves, and trapezoidal waves, meeting special test requirements, such as simulating complex load spectra in actual working conditions, providing more comprehensive data support for materials research and engineering applications. By integrating multiple loading functions and advanced control technology, the equipment can efficiently complete various tests while ensuring the accuracy and reliability of test results, improving test efficiency and precision.

[0082] This equipment can perform vertical, bending, and horizontal loading tests on samples. It can achieve two closed-loop control modes: force and displacement. Different control modes can be selected according to different test methods. It has limit protection and over-limit alarm functions to ensure the safety of equipment and personnel. At the same time, it can automatically collect data and realize data processing, data display, data printing and other functions. It has the advantages of simple operation and high reliability.

[0083] In one specific embodiment, this equipment integrates multiple loading functions, enabling vertical, bending, and horizontal loading tests on specimens. The equipment is equipped with an advanced control system supporting both force and displacement closed-loop control modes. Users can flexibly select either force or displacement control mode on the control device according to different test requirements. For example, during tensile testing, displacement control mode can be selected to stretch the specimen at a constant speed; while during compression testing, force control mode can be selected to load the specimen with a constant force. Furthermore, the equipment has comprehensive safety protection functions. When the load exceeds the set limit value or the displacement exceeds the safe range during the test, the control device will immediately activate limit protection measures, stop loading, and trigger an over-limit alarm, alerting the operator through audible and visual signals to ensure equipment and personnel safety. For data acquisition, the equipment is equipped with high-precision detection components 5, including displacement sensor 51 and force sensor 52, capable of real-time monitoring of displacement and force values ​​during the test. The control device automatically collects, processes, displays, and stores this data. Operators can view the test data in real-time through the control device's display screen or export the data to a printer for printing, facilitating subsequent analysis and report preparation.

[0084] It should be noted that in this specification, relational terms such as first and second are used only to distinguish one entity from several other entities, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities.

[0085] The various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, with each embodiment focusing on the differences from other embodiments. The same or similar parts between the various embodiments can be referred to each other.

[0086] The mechanical and fatigue performance testing equipment for materials and structural components provided by this invention has been described in detail above. Specific examples have been used to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of this invention. The descriptions of the embodiments above are merely for the purpose of helping to understand the method and core ideas of this invention. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various improvements and modifications to this invention without departing from its principles, and these improvements and modifications also fall within the protection scope of this invention.

Claims

1. A testing device for the mechanical and fatigue properties of materials and structural components, characterized in that, include: A frame (1) is provided with a horizontal actuator (2), a vertical actuator (3) and a bending actuator (4) for applying loads to the sample. The horizontal actuator (2) is movable along the length, width and height of the frame (1). The detection component (5) is provided on the horizontal actuator (2), the vertical actuator (3) and the bending actuator (4). The detection component (5) is used to detect the position of the loading end of each actuator and the load it bears in real time. A special clamp (6) is detachably mounted on the frame (1) and the loading end of the horizontal actuator (2), the vertical actuator (3) and the bending actuator (4); The control device is signal connected to the horizontal actuator (2), the vertical actuator (3), the bending actuator (4), and the detection component (5).

2. The testing equipment for the mechanical and fatigue properties of materials and structural components according to claim 1, characterized in that, The detection component (5) includes a displacement sensor (51) and a force sensor (52). The displacement sensor (51) and the force sensor (52) are coaxially arranged with the corresponding horizontal actuator (2), vertical actuator (3), and bending actuator (4). The displacement sensor (51) is located at the fixed end of each actuator, and the force sensor (52) is located at the loading end of each actuator.

3. The testing equipment for the mechanical and fatigue properties of materials and structural components according to claim 2, characterized in that, The frame (1) includes a horizontally arranged support base (101) and a support beam (102). The support beam (102) is vertically mounted on the support base (101). The support beam (102) is driven by a lifting device (7). The lifting device (7) is signal-connected to the control device.

4. The testing equipment for the mechanical and fatigue properties of materials and structural components according to claim 3, characterized in that, The vertical actuator (3) is located at the center of the bearing beam (102). The force sensor (52) at the loading end of the vertical actuator (3) is connected to the pressure plate (8). The bending actuator (4) is eccentrically located on the bearing beam (102). The fixed end and loading end of the bending actuator (4) and the horizontal actuator (2) are both provided with ball joint structures (9).

5. The testing equipment for the mechanical and fatigue properties of materials and structural components according to claim 4, characterized in that, The support base (101) has guide columns (10) at its four corners. The support beam (102) has light holes for the guide columns (10) to slide. The bottom of the support beam (102) has a guide seat (11) with guide holes for the guide columns (10) to slide.

6. The testing equipment for the mechanical properties and fatigue performance of materials and structural components according to claim 5, characterized in that, The two opposite edges of the supporting beam (102) are provided with openings (12) that communicate with the corresponding light holes. The openings (12) extend along the thickness direction of the supporting beam (102). The outer side of the openings (12) is provided with connecting ears that protrude from the edge of the supporting beam (102). The two opposite connecting ears are connected by a locking device (13) so that the locking device (13) locks or releases the guide column (10). The locking device (13) is signal connected to the control device.

7. The testing equipment for the mechanical properties and fatigue performance of materials and structural components according to claim 5, characterized in that, The guide seat (11) is provided with a guide rail structure (14) for movably connecting the upper pressure plate (8), and the guide rail structure (14) extends along the height direction of the frame (1).

8. The testing equipment for the mechanical and fatigue properties of materials and structural components according to any one of claims 3-7, characterized in that, A horizontal loading reaction frame (103) is provided on one side of the bearing base (101). The horizontal loading reaction frame (103) is perpendicular to the end face of the bearing base (101) and extends along the width direction of the bearing base (101). The horizontal loading reaction frame (103) can move along the length direction of the bearing base (101). The horizontal actuator (2) is movably provided on the horizontal loading reaction frame (103). The horizontal actuator (2) can move along the extension direction and height direction of the horizontal loading reaction frame (103).

9. The testing equipment for the mechanical and fatigue properties of materials and structural components according to claim 8, characterized in that, At least two horizontal actuators (2) are provided, and at least two horizontal actuators (2) are arranged side by side on the horizontal loading reaction frame (103) along the extension direction of the horizontal loading reaction frame (103).

10. The testing equipment for the mechanical and fatigue properties of materials and structural components according to claim 9, characterized in that, The support base (101) is provided with a sample feeding component fixture (15), which includes a feeding support plate (151) and a driving device (152). The driving device (152) is used to drive the feeding support plate (151) to move along the length direction of the support base (101), and the feeding support plate (151) is used to install the special fixture (6).

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