Pheromone composition and application thereof

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of pacifying pheromones, and relates to a pheromone composition and application thereof. The invention provides a pheromone composition. The pheromone composition is composed of a component A and a component B, the component A is geraniol or an ester compound of geraniol; and the component B is at least one of oleic acid, linoleic acid, methyl oleate and methyl linoleate or ester compounds of the oleic acid, the linoleic acid, the methyl oleate and the methyl linoleate. The geraniol or the ester compound thereof disclosed by the invention can be used as animal pacifying pheromone, and after being combined with oleic acid and analogues thereof or linoleic acid and analogues thereof, the geraniol or the ester compound thereof shows a remarkable pacifying effect in various animals such as pigs, cattle, horses, dogs, cats, chickens and the like and humans; the invention has the advantages of wider application range, stronger pacifying efficiency and better safety, and provides more solutions for animal husbandry, pet industry and human psychological health fields.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of pheromone soothing technology, and relates to a pheromone composition and its application. Background Technology

[0002] In modern animal husbandry, the pet industry, and the field of human mental health, stress responses in animals and humans caused by various factors such as environmental changes, transportation, disease, and social pressure have become significant issues affecting productivity, animal welfare, and human quality of life. Stress responses not only lead to decreased growth performance, weakened immunity, and reproductive disorders in animals, but can also trigger behavioral abnormalities such as increased aggression and fear-avoidance behavior. In humans, long-term or high-intensity stress is closely associated with mental illnesses such as anxiety and depression. Therefore, developing efficient, safe, and widely applicable calming products is of great significance for improving animal welfare, optimizing livestock production efficiency, and enhancing human mental health.

[0003] Currently, various soothing products exist on the market, mainly including chemically synthesized drugs, natural plant extracts, and pheromone analogs. Among them, pheromones, as naturally produced chemical signaling molecules in organisms, show great potential in animal behavior regulation due to their high specificity to specific species and low side effects. However, existing pheromone products often suffer from problems such as limited efficacy, limited applicability, high cost, or poor stability, making it difficult to meet diverse and complex application needs.

[0004] Especially among large livestock such as pigs, cattle, and horses, as well as companion animals such as dogs and cats, different species exhibit varying response mechanisms to soothing stimuli, and significant differences also exist between individuals within the same species. Furthermore, while there is a wide variety of soothing products available for the human market, most focus on psychological intervention or drug treatment, lacking natural and gentle soothing methods based on biochemical principles. Summary of the Invention

[0005] Therefore, this invention aims to develop an innovative soothing pheromone composition. This composition uses geraniol or its esters as the core ingredient and creatively combines it with oleic acid and its analogues or linoleic acid and its analogues to form a formulation system with broad applicability and highly effective soothing effects. The technical solution provided by this invention has demonstrated significant soothing effects in various animals such as pigs, cattle, horses, dogs, cats, and chickens, as well as humans. Compared with existing products on the market, it has a wider range of applications, stronger soothing efficacy, and better safety, providing more solutions for animal husbandry, the pet industry, and the field of human mental health.

[0006] On one hand, the present invention relates to a pheromone composition, wherein the effective component of the pheromone composition is composed of component A and component B; Component A is geraniol or its ester compounds; Component B is at least one of oleic acid, linoleic acid, methyl oleate, methyl linoleate, or their ester compounds.

[0007] Furthermore, in the pheromone composition provided by the present invention, the mass ratio of component A to component B is 1:0.01~99.

[0008] For example, in the pheromone composition provided by the present invention, the mass ratio of component A to component B is 99:1, 78:22, 64:36, 50:50, 40:60, 27:73, 25:75, 1:99, 99:1~1:99, 99:1~25:75, 99:1~27:73, 99:1~40:60, 99:1~50:50, 99:1~64:36, 99:1~78:22, 78:22~1:99, 78:22~25:75, 78:22~27:73, 78:22~40:60. Any one of the following: 78:22~50:50, 78:22~64:36, 64:36~1:99, 64:36~25:75, 64:36~27:73, 64:36~40:60, 64:36~50:50, 50:50~1:99, 50:50~25:75, 50:50~27:73, 50:50~40:60, 40:60~1:99, 40:60~25:75, 40:60~27:73, 27:73~1:99, 27:73~25:75, 25:75~1:99.

[0009] On the other hand, the present invention relates to the use of pheromone compositions in the preparation of formulations for preventing or alleviating stress responses in animals, wherein the active ingredient of the pheromone composition is composed of component A and component B; Component A is geraniol or its ester compounds; Component B is at least one of oleic acid, linoleic acid, methyl oleate, methyl linoleate, or their ester compounds; The mass ratio of component A to component B is 1:0~99.

[0010] Furthermore, in the application of the pheromone composition provided by the present invention in the preparation of formulations for preventing or alleviating stress responses in animals, the formulation includes one of solid formulations, spray formulations, aerosol formulations, and pourable formulations.

[0011] Furthermore, in the application of the pheromone composition provided by the present invention in the preparation of formulations for preventing or alleviating stress responses in animals, the animals include one of pigs, cattle, horses, dogs, cats, chickens, and humans.

[0012] Furthermore, in the application of the pheromone composition provided by the present invention in the preparation of formulations for preventing or alleviating stress responses in animals, the active ingredient of the pheromone composition is brought into contact with the animal to prevent or alleviate the animal's stress response.

[0013] Furthermore, in the application of the pheromone composition provided by the present invention in the preparation of formulations for preventing or alleviating stress responses in animals, the stress response includes an anxiety response or a stress response.

[0014] Furthermore, in the application of the pheromone composition provided by the present invention in the preparation of formulations for preventing or alleviating stress responses in animals, an acceptable mediator is also included, said acceptable mediator being used to release or sustain the release of said formulation in the environment.

[0015] Furthermore, in the application of the pheromone composition provided by the present invention in the preparation of formulations for preventing or alleviating stress responses in animals, the acceptable medium is a pharmaceutically acceptable medium or a veterinary acceptable medium.

[0016] The term "pharmaceutically acceptable medium" or "veterinary acceptable medium" can be any acceptable carrier or medium that does not interfere with the pharmaceutical or veterinary activity of the composition and is non-toxic to the animal to which it is administered. It includes solvents, dispersion media, coating agents, absorption delay agents, etc. Acceptable media can be, for example, ester compounds in water, buffered ester compounds in water, etc. It can be added to the formulated composition.

[0017] Solvents include solvents that are generally acceptable in the pharmaceutical field, such as ethylene glycol ethers, acetone, ethyl acetate, methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, dimethylformamide, dichloromethane, propylene glycol, etc.

[0018] "Its esters" or "their esters" refers to those esters that are pharmaceutically considered safe and effective. These compounds are usually formed by the esterification of fatty acid active ingredients with alcohols, such as geraniol, methanol, ethanol, propanol, 1,2-propanediol, 1,3-propanediol, butanol, pentanol, hexanol, heptanol, etc.; or they are usually formed by the esterification of alcohol active ingredients with acid compounds, such as oleic acid, linoleic acid, formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, 1,2-malonic acid, 1,3-malonic acid, butyric acid, valeric acid, hexanoic acid, heptanic acid.

[0019] Compared with the prior art, the technical solution provided by the present invention has at least the following beneficial effects or advantages: Compared with existing technologies, the technical solution provided by this invention has a significantly wider range of applications, producing significant calming effects in various animals such as pigs, cattle, horses, dogs, cats, and chickens, as well as humans, breaking through the limitation of existing products targeting only one object; at the same time, it has stronger calming efficacy, through the synergistic effect of geraniol or its esters combined with oleic acid, linoleic acid or their ester derivatives, showing superior effects to existing single-ingredient products or general fatty acid mixtures in reducing cortisol levels, reducing stress-related behavioral abnormalities (such as diarrhea and vomiting), promoting growth performance (such as increasing daily weight gain), and improving human sleep quality; in addition, this composition uses Based on natural pheromone components, it has higher safety, and no adverse reactions were observed during the experiment. Its application forms are flexible and diverse, and it can be made into various dosage forms such as solid dosage forms, spray formulations, and pourable formulations. It can achieve efficient release or sustained release in the environment through acceptable media, which is convenient for practical applications. In particular, by adjusting the mass ratio of geraniol or its esters to component B (at least one of oleic acid, linoleic acid, methyl oleate, and methyl linoleate or its esters) (e.g., 1:0.01~99), the best soothing formula combination can be optimized for different species (e.g., piglets, calves, chickens, dogs, cats, and humans), which reflects the advantage of precise regulation. Detailed Implementation

[0020] The technical solution of the present invention will be described below with reference to embodiments. However, the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments. Unless otherwise specified, the experimental and detection methods described in each embodiment are conventional methods; the reagents and materials described are commercially available unless otherwise specified. Unless otherwise specified, all percentages in the following embodiments refer to mass percentages. Unless otherwise specified, all proportions in the following embodiments refer to mass ratios.

[0021] Formulation Example 1 Place the beeswax in a heating container and heat it slowly in a water bath to 70 to 80°C, so that the two can be fully melted and evenly mixed to form a fine liquid base.

[0022] When the temperature of the liquid substrate drops to 55 to 65°C, add fatty acids or their ester compounds and geraniol slowly according to the precise ratio, stirring while adding to ensure that the materials are evenly dispersed in the substrate and to avoid local high concentrations that could affect uniformity.

[0023] Quickly pour the mixed fragrance liquid into the prepared container and gently shake the mold to remove air bubbles. Then, place the mold in a cool, ventilated place to cool naturally for 2 to 3 hours until it has completely solidified, thus obtaining the solid fragrance product.

[0024] Formulation Example 2 Ethanol was added to a clean, dry reaction vessel, and the stirring device was turned on. Geraniol was slowly added and stirred until completely dissolved to form a homogeneous geraniol-ethanol solution. Subsequently, fatty acids or their esters were slowly added to the solution while stirring continuously, and stirring was continued for 30 minutes to ensure thorough mixing.

[0025] The mixed liquid is filtered through a 0.45μm filter membrane to remove any impurities and particles. Finally, the filtered solution is aseptically filled into qualified spray bottles, sealed, and packaged to obtain the liquid spray product.

[0026] Formulation Example 3 Add carbitol to a clean, dry reaction vessel, turn on the stirrer, and slowly add geraniol, stirring until completely dissolved to form a homogeneous geraniol-carbitol solution. Then, while continuing to stir, slowly add fatty acids or their esters to the above solution, and continue stirring for 30 minutes to ensure thorough mixing.

[0027] The mixed liquid is filtered through a 0.45μm filter membrane to remove any impurities and particles. Finally, the filtered solution is aseptically filled into qualified bottles, sealed, and equipped with a pouring gun to obtain the pouring agent product.

[0028] In the following embodiments, the active ingredient composition and proportions of the fatty acid mixture (general), fatty acid methyl ester mixture (cat), and fatty acid mixture (chicken) involved are as follows:

[0029] Example 1 This embodiment provides the effect of pheromone composition on alleviating anxiety symptoms in rats.

[0030] Experimental groups were set up as follows: Group A: Geraniol (100%), Group B: Oleic acid + Geraniol (50%:50%), Group C: Linoleic acid + Geraniol (50%:50%), Group D: Methyl oleate + Geraniol (50%:50%), and Group E: Methyl linoleate + Geraniol (50%:50%).

[0031] Control group setup: Group F: fatty acid mixture (general); Group G: blank solvent (as negative control).

[0032] The above composition was prepared into a liquid spray according to the preparation method described in Formulation Example 2.

[0033] Experimental Methods: Healthy adult rats of similar age were randomly divided into 8 groups of 10 rats each. Before the experiment, each group was sprayed with 1 mL of liquid spray into an open field test chamber (100cm×100cm×40cm). The rats were then placed in the open field test chamber, and their behavior was recorded for 5 minutes. Observational Indicators: Total number of entries into the central area, central area dwell time, and number of upright positions. Results are as follows:

[0034] The data show that group E performed best across all indicators, indicating that the composition has a significant effect on alleviating anxiety symptoms in rats. Groups C and D also showed good anti-anxiety effects, but slightly less than group E. Group F, as a positive control, showed some anti-anxiety effects, but not as significant as groups E, C, and D. Group A performed better than group G across all indicators, indicating that geraniol alone can also produce unexpected effects in alleviating anxiety symptoms in rats.

[0035] Example 2 This embodiment provides the effect of pheromone composition on alleviating anxiety symptoms in weaned piglets.

[0036] Experimental groups: Group A: Methyl oleate + Geraniol (1%:99%), Group B: Geraniol (100%), Group C: Methyl oleate + Geraniol (99%:1%), Group D: Linoleic acid + Geraniol (50%:50%), Group E: Methyl oleate + Geraniol (22%:78%), Group F: Methyl linoleate + Geraniol (22%:78%).

[0037] Control groups: Group G: fatty acid mixture (general); Group H: blank solvent (as negative control).

[0038] The above composition was prepared into a solid odorant according to the preparation method described in Formulation Example 1.

[0039] Experimental Methods: Healthy weaned piglets of similar weight were randomly divided into 8 groups of 100 piglets each, ensuring that the initial weight and health status of each group were similar. One day before the experiment, a solid pheromone was placed in the nursery pen in each group to allow for repeated diffusion of pheromones. The weaned piglets were then transferred to the nursery pen, and their various indicators were recorded over 7 days. Indicators: average daily weight gain, diarrhea rate, and mean serum cortisol concentration (within 2 days of weaning). Results are as follows:

[0040] As shown in the table above, Group E (methyl oleate + geraniol (22%:78%)) is the best formula combination, which has a significant effect on relieving anxiety symptoms in weaned piglets, promoting growth and reducing diarrhea rate.

[0041] Example 3 This embodiment provides the effect of pheromone compositions on alleviating anxiety symptoms in weaned calves.

[0042] Experimental groups: Group A: Methyl linoleate + Geraniol (1%:99%), Group B: Geraniol (100%), Group C: Methyl linoleate + Geraniol (99%:1%), Group D: Linoleic acid + Geraniol (60%:40%), Group E: Methyl oleate + Geraniol (50%:50%), Group F: Methyl linoleate + Geraniol (60%:40%) Control groups: Group G: fatty acid mixture (general); Group H: blank solvent (as negative control).

[0043] The above composition was prepared into a pourable agent according to the preparation method described in Formulation Example 3.

[0044] Experimental Methods: Healthy weaned calves of similar weight were randomly divided into 8 groups of 100 calves each. At weaning, 10 mL of the application agent was evenly applied to the back of each calf. The weaned calves were then transferred to the nursery pen, and their performance indicators were recorded for 7 days. Indicators included: average daily weight gain, diarrhea rate, and mean serum cortisol concentration (within 2 days of weaning). Results are as follows:

[0045] As shown in the table above, group F (methyl linoleate + geraniol (60%:40%)) is the best formula combination, which has a significant effect on relieving anxiety symptoms in weaned calves, promoting growth and reducing diarrhea rate.

[0046] Example 4 This embodiment provides the effect of pheromone composition on alleviating anxiety symptoms in weaned foals.

[0047] Experimental groups: Group A: methyl linoleate + geraniol (1%:99%), Group B: geraniol (100%), Group C: linoleic acid + geraniol (50%:50%), Group D: methyl oleate + geraniol (50%:50%), Group E: methyl linoleate + geraniol (50%:50%).

[0048] Control groups: Group F: fatty acid mixture (general); Group G: blank solvent (as negative control).

[0049] The above composition was prepared into a pourable agent according to the preparation method described in Formulation Example 3.

[0050] Experimental Methods: Healthy weaned foals of similar weight were randomly divided into 8 groups of 100 foals each. At weaning, 10 mL of the weaning agent was evenly applied to the foals' necks. The weaned foals were then transferred to the nursery pen, and their indicators were recorded for 7 days. Indicators: average daily weight gain, diarrhea rate, and mean serum cortisol concentration (within 2 days of weaning). Results are as follows:

[0051] As shown in the table above, Group B (100% geraniol) is the best formula combination, which has a significant effect on relieving anxiety symptoms in weaned foals, promoting growth, and reducing diarrhea rate.

[0052] Example 5 This embodiment provides the effect of pheromone composition on alleviating transport stress in dogs.

[0053] Experimental groups: Group A: Oleic acid + Geraniol (75%:25%), Group B: Methyl oleate + Geraniol (75%:25%), Group C: Methyl linoleate + Geraniol (75%:25%).

[0054] Control groups: Group D: fatty acid mixture (general); Group E: blank solvent (as negative control).

[0055] The above composition was prepared into a solid odorant according to the preparation method described in Formulation Example 1.

[0056] Experimental Methods: Healthy adult dogs of similar weight were randomly divided into 8 groups of 100 dogs each. One day before transport, a solid pheromone was placed in the transport vehicle to allow for full pheromone diffusion. The dogs were then transported continuously in the vehicle for 6 hours, and their various indicators were recorded within 6 hours after transport. Indicators included: vomiting rate, diarrhea rate, and mean serum cortisol concentration. Results are as follows:

[0057] As shown in the table above, Group A (oleic acid + geraniol (75%:25%)) and Group B (methyl oleate + geraniol (75%:25%)) are the preferred formulation combinations, which have significant effects on relieving vomiting, diarrhea and elevated cortisol caused by transport stress in dogs.

[0058] Example 6 This embodiment provides the effect of pheromone compositions on improving human insomnia.

[0059] Experimental groups: Group A: Oleic acid + Geraniol (1%:99%), Group B: Geraniol (100%), Group C: Oleic acid + Geraniol (99%:1%), Group D: Oleic acid + Geraniol (50%:50%), Group E: Methyl oleate + Geraniol (50%:50%), Group F: Methyl linoleate + Geraniol (50%:50%).

[0060] Control groups: Group G: fatty acid mixture (general); Group H: blank solvent (as negative control).

[0061] The above composition was prepared into a solid odorant according to the preparation method described in Formulation Example 1.

[0062] Methods: Volunteers with insomnia symptoms were recruited and randomly divided into 8 groups of 20 each, ensuring similar ages. During the experiment, all volunteers maintained a regular sleep schedule and avoided caffeine, alcohol, and other substances that may affect sleep. One day before the experiment, solid pheromones were placed in the bedroom to allow for sufficient diffusion. Sleep data was then recorded for 7 consecutive days using a sleep bracelet, including average nighttime awakenings, deep sleep duration, and total sleep duration. Results are as follows:

[0063] As shown in the table above, Group D (oleic acid + geraniol (50%:50%)) is the best formula combination, which has a significant effect on improving insomnia symptoms (reducing the number of times you get up at night, prolonging the duration of deep sleep and total sleep duration).

[0064] Example 7 This embodiment provides the effect of pheromone compositions on alleviating transport stress in cats.

[0065] Experimental groups: Group A: Linoleic acid + Geraniol (1%:99%), Group B: Linoleic acid + Geraniol (36%:64%), Group C: Methyl oleate + Geraniol (36%:64%), Group D: Methyl linoleate + Geraniol (36%:64%).

[0066] Control groups: Group E: fatty acid mixture (for cats); Group F: blank solvent (as negative control).

[0067] The above composition was prepared into a solid odorant according to the preparation method described in Example 1.

[0068] Experimental Methods: Healthy adult cats of similar weight were randomly divided into 8 groups of 100 cats each. One day before transport, a solid pheromone was placed in the transport vehicle to allow for full pheromone diffusion. The cats were then transported continuously for 6 hours, and their various indicators were recorded within 6 hours after transport. Indicators included: vomiting rate, diarrhea rate, and mean serum cortisol concentration. Results are as follows:

[0069] As shown in the table above, Group B (linoleic acid + geraniol (36%:64%)) and Group C (methyl linoleate + geraniol (36%:64%)) are the preferred formulation combinations, which have significant effects on relieving vomiting, diarrhea and elevated cortisol caused by cat transportation stress.

[0070] Example 8 This embodiment provides the effect of pheromone compositions on alleviating stress in chickens.

[0071] Experimental groups: Group A: Oleic acid + Geraniol (73%: 27%), Group B: Methyl oleate + Geraniol (73%: 27%), Group C: Methyl linoleate + Geraniol (73%: 27%).

[0072] Control groups: Group D: fatty acid mixture (for chickens); Group E: blank solvent (as negative control).

[0073] The above composition was prepared into a solid odorant according to the preparation method described in Example 1.

[0074] Experimental Methods: Healthy chicks of similar weight were randomly divided into 8 groups of 100 chicks each. One day before the chicks were transferred to the chicken coop, a solid pheromone agent was placed in the coop to allow for full diffusion. The chicks were then placed in the coop, and their performance indicators were recorded for 30 days after placement. Indicators included: average daily weight gain and mortality rate. Results are as follows:

[0075] As shown in the table above, Group A (methyl oleate + geraniol (73%:27%)) is the optimal formula combination, which has a significant effect on alleviating stress response in chickens, promoting chick growth and reducing mortality.

[0076] The embodiments described above are some, but not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. The detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed invention, but only to illustrate selected embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art through related deductions and substitutions based on the inventive concept, without inventive effort, are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A pheromone composition, characterized in that, The effective components of the pheromone composition are composed of component A and component B; Component A is geraniol or its ester compounds; Component B is at least one of oleic acid, linoleic acid, methyl oleate, methyl linoleate, or their ester compounds.

2. The pheromone composition according to claim 1, characterized in that, The mass ratio of component A to component B is 1:0.01~99.

3. The use of pheromone compositions in the preparation of formulations for preventing or alleviating stress responses in animals, characterized in that, The effective components of the pheromone composition are composed of component A and component B; Component A is geraniol or its ester compounds; Component B is at least one of oleic acid, linoleic acid, methyl oleate, methyl linoleate, or their ester compounds; The mass ratio of component A to component B is 1:0~99.

4. The use of the pheromone composition according to claim 3 in the preparation of formulations for preventing or alleviating stress responses in animals, characterized in that, The formulation includes one of the following: solid formulation, spray formulation, aerosol formulation, and pourable formulation.

5. The use of the pheromone composition according to claim 3 in the preparation of formulations for preventing or alleviating stress responses in animals, characterized in that, The animals mentioned include one of the following: pig, cow, horse, dog, cat, chicken, or human.

6. The use of the pheromone composition according to claim 3 in the preparation of formulations for preventing or alleviating stress responses in animals, characterized in that, By exposing the active ingredient of the pheromone composition to the animal, stress response can be prevented or alleviated.

7. The use of the pheromone composition according to claim 3 in the preparation of formulations for preventing or alleviating stress responses in animals, characterized in that, The stress response includes anxiety response or stress response.

8. The use of the pheromone composition according to claim 3 in the preparation of formulations for preventing or alleviating stress responses in animals, characterized in that, It also includes an acceptable medium for releasing or sustaining the formulation in the environment.

9. The use of the pheromone composition according to claim 8 in the preparation of formulations for preventing or alleviating stress responses in animals, characterized in that, The acceptable medium is a pharmaceutically acceptable medium or a veterinary acceptable medium.

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