Multi-directional forging method for particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite sheath with progressively decreased deformation

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of plastic processing of aluminum-based composite materials, and particularly relates to a multi-directional forging method for a particle reinforced aluminum-based composite material sheath with progressively-decreased deformation amount, in particular to a multi-directional forging method for a particle reinforced aluminum-based composite material sheath with progressively-decreased deformation amount. The method aims at solving the problem that according to an existing multi-directional forging process, large-accumulation uniform deformation is difficult to achieve while cracking is restrained for the particle-reinforced aluminum matrix composite. The method comprises the steps that wrapping treatment is conducted; multi-directional forging is carried out in a wrapping state; in the multi-direction forging, the deformation of the initial three passes is set to be 20%-30%; every time three equal-deformation forging passes are completed, the deformation of every three subsequent passes is reduced by 0%-25% compared with the deformation of the previous three passes, and the deformation is circularly and progressively reduced until the accumulated deformation reaches a preset target value. The cracking tendency of the particle reinforced aluminum-based composite material in the multidirectional forging process is reduced through the synergistic effect of wrapping sleeve constraint and deformation decreasing, and the quality and performance of a forged piece are effectively improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of plastic processing technology of aluminum matrix composites, and specifically relates to a multi-directional forging method for particle-reinforced aluminum matrix composites with decreasing deformation. Background Technology

[0002] Particle-reinforced aluminum matrix composites have become key strategic materials in extreme service environments such as deep space exploration, nuclear fuel storage and transportation, and manned spaceflight load-bearing structures due to their high cost-effectiveness, relatively mature preparation process, and excellent comprehensive properties such as high specific strength, high specific modulus, wear resistance, and low expansion. The billets of these materials prepared by liquid-phase methods (such as stirred casting) or solid-phase methods (such as powder metallurgy and hot isostatic pressing) usually need to be further improved in microstructure (such as densification, uniform particle distribution, and grain refinement) through subsequent plastic deformation processing and formed into actual components in order to give full play to their performance advantages.

[0003] Among numerous plastic forming processes, large plastic deformation technologies (such as equal channel angular extrusion, high-pressure torsion, and multi-directional forging) have attracted much attention because they can achieve ultra-large equivalent plastic strain, significantly refine grains, and improve the comprehensive mechanical properties of materials. Among them, the multi-directional forging process, by cyclically applying compressive deformation in multiple mutually perpendicular directions, can not only achieve large cumulative plastic strain, but also effectively promote the homogenization of microstructure. It is one of the core technologies for preparing bulk nano / ultrafine crystalline materials and has important application potential in the high-performance processing of particle-reinforced aluminum matrix composites.

[0004] However, the multi-directional forging process of particle-reinforced aluminum matrix composites faces severe challenges: the introduction of reinforcing particles (such as silicon carbide, boron carbide, and alumina) significantly reduces the plastic deformation capacity of the aluminum matrix, resulting in insufficient overall plasticity reserves; unavoidable defects in the original billet, such as porosity, looseness, and particle agglomeration, easily become stress concentration points and trigger crack initiation during multi-directional cyclic deformation; the significant differences in elastic modulus and thermal expansion coefficients between the particles and the aluminum matrix lead to prominent stress concentration at the interface during deformation, further exacerbating the cracking risk. These factors collectively make particle-reinforced aluminum matrix composites highly susceptible to cracking during multi-directional forging, severely restricting the industrial application of this process and the full realization of material properties.

[0005] To address the problem of hot working cracking in difficult-to-deform metals and composite materials, encapsulation technology has proven to be an effective external constraint method, and related explorations have been conducted in the field of aluminum matrix composites. For example, patent CN201811285526.3 proposes a multi-directional forging method for whisker-reinforced aluminum matrix composites, achieving large cumulative strain forging through lubricants, aluminum gaskets, and other measures. However, to control whisker distribution, it designs an asymmetric reduction rate lower than the axial rate in two radial directions, resulting in significant anisotropy in the material's mechanical properties, which cannot meet the requirements of scenarios with high uniformity. Patent CN201910839573.6 also targets whisker-reinforced systems, employing a squared multi-directional forging and a pass-by-pass incremental reduction strategy. However, its design is directly related to whisker orientation control and is not suitable for particle-reinforced aluminum matrix composites, which already have limited plasticity and are more sensitive to work hardening.

[0006] In summary, existing forging technologies primarily focus on whisker-reinforced aluminum matrix composite systems. Their strategies, such as asymmetric pressing and incremental deformation, are specifically targeted but cannot directly address the core challenge of simultaneously achieving crack suppression and large cumulative uniform deformation in multi-directional forging of particle-reinforced aluminum matrix composites. Therefore, developing an innovative process specifically suited for particle-reinforced aluminum matrix composites that can effectively suppress cracking and achieve large cumulative uniform deformation throughout the multi-directional forging process is of significant theoretical and engineering value for promoting the large-scale application of this type of material in high-end equipment. Summary of the Invention

[0007] This invention aims to address the problem in existing multi-directional forging processes that struggle to achieve large cumulative uniform deformation while suppressing cracking in particle-reinforced aluminum matrix composites. Instead, it provides a multi-directional forging method for particle-reinforced aluminum matrix composites with decreasing deformation.

[0008] A multi-directional forging method for particle-reinforced aluminum matrix composite sheaths with decreasing deformation is specifically carried out according to the following steps:

[0009] 1. An aluminum alloy is used to encase the particle-reinforced aluminum matrix composite material blank to form an encased blank;

[0010] 2. The cladding blank is placed in a heating furnace for preheating and heat preservation treatment;

[0011] 3. Perform multi-directional forging on the preheated and heat-insulated cladding billet; set the deformation amount of the first three forging passes to 20%~30%; after each three forging passes, reduce the deformation amount of the next three passes by 0%~25% compared with the previous three passes; cyclically reduce the deformation amount according to the above rules until the cumulative deformation amount reaches the preset target value; between adjacent forging passes, the cladding billet forged in the previous pass is subjected to furnace annealing treatment.

[0012] 4. After all forging passes are completed, air cool the forging to room temperature;

[0013] 5. After air cooling, the forging is machined by turning to remove the aluminum alloy sheath, thus completing the forging process.

[0014] Preferably, the reinforcement in the particle-reinforced aluminum matrix composite billet in step one is one or a mixture of several of silicon carbide, alumina, tungsten, boron carbide, titanium carbide, aluminum nitride, and titanium diboride; the particle size of the reinforcement is 2μm to 50μm, and the volume fraction of the reinforcement is 0.5% to 41%; the billet is prepared by powder metallurgy, stirring casting, or hot isostatic pressing.

[0015] Preferably, the aluminum alloy in step one is made of the same series of wrought aluminum alloys as the aluminum matrix of the particle-reinforced aluminum matrix composite ingot.

[0016] Preferably, in step one, the aluminum alloy serves as a casing comprising an outer shell and a top cover. The inner diameter of the outer shell is 0.1 mm to 0.5 mm smaller than the diameter of the particle-reinforced aluminum matrix composite billet, and the diameter of the top cover is 0.1 mm to 0.5 mm larger than the diameter of the particle-reinforced aluminum matrix composite billet. The thickness of both the outer shell and the top cover is 10% to 30% of the diameter of the particle-reinforced aluminum matrix composite billet.

[0017] Preferably, the preheating temperature of the preheating and heat preservation treatment in step two is 400℃~505℃, and the heat preservation time is 1~4 times the outer diameter of the blank, wherein the heat preservation time is in min and the outer diameter of the blank is in mm.

[0018] Preferably, the cumulative deformation in step three is between 90% and 420%.

[0019] Preferably, in step three, the deformation amount of a single pass in the multi-directional forging process is 20% to 30% for the first 1 to 3 passes, and the deformation amount of the next set of three passes is reduced by 0% to 25% compared with the deformation amount of the previous set of three passes; the deformation amount is cyclically reduced according to the above rules until the cumulative deformation amount reaches the preset target value.

[0020] Preferably, during step three, the deformation in the three mutually perpendicular forging directions is kept the same.

[0021] Preferably, the forging equipment used is a press, air hammer, or hydraulic press; the forging speed is 2 mm / s to 12 mm / s; the surfaces of the upper and lower anvils are coated with a lubricant, which is graphite powder, graphite flakes, or graphite + machine oil; and the temperature of the upper and lower anvils is 0 to 40°C lower than the preheating temperature of the granular reinforced aluminum matrix composite material.

[0022] Preferably, in step three, the reheating treatment is carried out when the current actual temperature of the cladding billet after the previous forging is 85°C or more lower than the preheating temperature of the cladding billet. The reheating temperature is 400°C to 505°C, and the holding time is 0.1 to 2 times the outer diameter of the initial cladding billet. The holding time is in minutes, and the outer diameter of the cladding billet is in mm.

[0023] The beneficial effects of this invention are:

[0024] The multi-directional forging process with decreasing deformation proposed in this invention effectively overcomes the technical bottleneck of easy cracking in multi-directional forging of particle-reinforced aluminum matrix composites. The aluminum alloy sheath effectively maintains the uniformity of internal temperature of the billet, reduces heat loss, and can also provide a uniform triaxial compressive stress state, cooperating with the plastic deformation of the composite billet; the decreasing deformation strategy: the initial high deformation can make full use of the good plasticity of the material in the early stage of forging, and the subsequent decreasing deformation is an adaptive adjustment to the work hardening effect and internal damage accumulated by the continuous plastic deformation, avoiding cracking failure in the later stage of forging.

[0025] This invention provides a highly reliable and feasible multi-directional forging solution for particle-reinforced aluminum matrix composites by innovatively combining "encasing constraint" and "cyclically decreasing deformation amount". It solves the key problem of its difficulty in large plastic deformation and has important engineering application value. Attached Figure Description

[0026] Figure 1 These are photographs of the forging process before and after removing the sheath in Embodiment 1 of the present invention; where a represents before removing the sheath and b represents after removing the sheath.

[0027] Figure 2 These are photographs of Comparative Example 1 of the present invention before and after removing the cladding after forging; where a represents before removing the cladding and b represents after removing the cladding.

[0028] Figure 3 These are photos of the forging process before and after removing the sheath in Embodiment 2 of the present invention; where a represents before removing the sheath and b represents after removing the sheath.

[0029] Figure 4 The images shown are Comparative Example 2 of this invention, before and after the forging process is completed and the sheath is removed; where a represents before the sheath is removed and b represents after the sheath is removed. Detailed Implementation

[0030] Specific Implementation Method 1: This implementation method for multi-directional forging of particle-reinforced aluminum matrix composite sheaths with decreasing deformation is carried out according to the following steps:

[0031] 1. An aluminum alloy is used to encase the particle-reinforced aluminum matrix composite material blank to form an encased blank;

[0032] 2. The cladding blank is placed in a heating furnace for preheating and heat preservation treatment;

[0033] 3. Perform multi-directional forging on the preheated and heat-insulated cladding billet; set the deformation amount of the first three forging passes to 20%~30%; after each three forging passes, reduce the deformation amount of the next three passes by 0%~25% compared with the previous three passes; cyclically reduce the deformation amount according to the above rules until the cumulative deformation amount reaches the preset target value; between adjacent forging passes, the cladding billet forged in the previous pass is subjected to furnace annealing treatment.

[0034] 4. After all forging passes are completed, air cool the forging to room temperature;

[0035] 5. After air cooling, the forging is machined by turning to remove the aluminum alloy sheath, thus completing the forging process.

[0036] In this embodiment, the first three passes employ a relatively high deformation amount of 20% to 30%, fully utilizing the high plasticity reserve of the material in the early stages of forging (when the material has low work hardening and minimal internal damage), to quickly achieve grain refinement and densification, laying a uniform microstructure foundation for subsequent deformation. After every three passes, the deformation amount decreases in a gradient of 0% to 25%, precisely matching the work hardening effect caused by cumulative deformation. As the deformation amount decreases, the strain energy input per pass decreases, avoiding excessive stress concentration and crack propagation due to material plasticity depletion in the later stages.

[0037] Specific Implementation Method Two: This implementation method differs from Specific Implementation Method One in that: the reinforcing agent in the particle-reinforced aluminum matrix composite material billet described in step one is one or a mixture of several of silicon carbide, alumina, tungsten, boron carbide, titanium carbide, aluminum nitride, and titanium diboride; the particle size of the reinforcing agent is 2μm~50μm, and the volume fraction of the reinforcing agent is 0.5%~41%; the billet is prepared by powder metallurgy, stirred casting, or hot isostatic pressing. Everything else is the same as in Specific Implementation Method One.

[0038] Specific Implementation Method Three: This implementation method differs from Specific Implementation Method One in that the aluminum alloy material mentioned in step one is the same series of wrought aluminum alloy as the aluminum matrix of the particle-reinforced aluminum matrix composite ingot. Everything else is the same as in Specific Implementation Method One.

[0039] This embodiment uses a wrought aluminum alloy of the same series as the aluminum matrix as the cladding, utilizing their similar coefficients of thermal expansion and plastic deformation characteristics to achieve synergistic deformation during the forging process. This compatibility avoids interfacial stress concentration caused by performance differences between the steel cladding and the aluminum matrix. By forming uniform radial constraint on the composite material billet through the cladding, it effectively suppresses delamination of the particle-matrix interface and crack initiation.

[0040] Specific Implementation Method Four: This implementation method differs from Specific Implementation Method One in that: in step one, the aluminum alloy serves as a sheath comprising an outer shell and a top cover. The inner diameter of the outer shell is 0.1mm to 0.5mm smaller than the diameter of the particle-reinforced aluminum matrix composite billet, while the diameter of the top cover is 0.1mm to 0.5mm larger than the diameter of the particle-reinforced aluminum matrix composite billet. The thickness of both the outer shell and the top cover is 10% to 30% of the diameter of the particle-reinforced aluminum matrix composite billet. Everything else is the same as in Specific Implementation Method One.

[0041] In this embodiment, the inner diameter of the outer shell is 0.1mm to 0.5mm smaller than the diameter of the blank, resulting in an interference fit. After heat fitting, a tight fit is formed, and after welding and sealing, a closed deformation space is constructed. The thickness design of the outer shell and the top cover, which is 10% to 30% of the blank diameter, ensures sufficient strength to transmit forging force, while also buffering local stress peaks through the plastic flow of the shell itself. This allows the composite material to achieve pore closure and uniform particle distribution under "flexible constraint".

[0042] Specific Implementation Method Five: This implementation method differs from Specific Implementation Method Four in that the preheating temperature for the preheating and heat preservation treatment in step two is 400℃~505℃, and the heat preservation time is 1~4 times the outer diameter of the blank, where the heat preservation time is in minutes and the outer diameter of the blank is in millimeters. Everything else is the same as in Specific Implementation Method Four.

[0043] The aluminum alloy sheath in this embodiment has excellent thermal insulation properties, which can reduce the temperature gradient of the billet during forging (especially in multi-pass cyclic deformation) and avoid a sudden drop in plasticity due to excessively low local temperatures. During the preheating and reheating stages, the sheath acts as a heat transfer medium, ensuring that heat is evenly diffused to the core of the billet and maintaining the material's deformation within the optimal plasticity range (400℃~505℃).

[0044] Specific Implementation Method Six: This implementation method differs from Specific Implementation Method One in that the cumulative deformation amount mentioned in step three is between 90% and 420%. Everything else is the same as in Specific Implementation Method One.

[0045] Specific Implementation Method Seven: This implementation method differs from Specific Implementation Method Six in that: in step three, during multi-directional forging, the deformation amount per pass in passes 1-3 is 20%-30%, and the deformation amount in the next set of three passes is reduced by 0%-25% compared to the previous set of three passes; the deformation amount is cyclically reduced according to the above rules until the cumulative deformation amount reaches the preset target value. Everything else is the same as in Specific Implementation Method Six.

[0046] Specific Implementation Method Eight: This implementation method differs from Specific Implementation Method Six in that: during multi-directional forging in step three, the deformation amount in the three mutually perpendicular forging directions is kept the same. Everything else is the same as in Specific Implementation Method Six.

[0047] This implementation maintains the same deformation amount in three mutually perpendicular directions (axial, first radial, and second radial), avoiding the texture segregation and property anisotropy caused by traditional asymmetric compression (such as the difference between radial and axial deformation in whisker reinforcement processes). The symmetrical deformation path allows for uniform release of internal stress in three-dimensional space, reducing crack initiation caused by localized strain concentration. Multi-directional forging, by alternating the loading direction, gradually closes internal defects such as porosity and looseness under compressive stress in different directions, avoiding the risk of defect propagation along a single direction as in unidirectional forging. Cyclic deformation also promotes the breakup and uniform distribution of particle agglomerates, reducing the interfacial stress concentration factor.

[0048] Specific Implementation Method Nine: This implementation method differs from Specific Implementation Method Six in that: the forging equipment used is a press, air hammer, or hydraulic press; the forging speed is 2mm / s to 12mm / s; the surfaces of the upper and lower anvils are coated with a lubricant, which is graphite powder, graphite flakes, or graphite + machine oil; and the temperature of the upper and lower anvils is 0 to 40°C lower than the preheating temperature of the granular reinforced aluminum matrix composite material. Everything else is the same as in Specific Implementation Method Six.

[0049] Specific Implementation Method Ten: This implementation method differs from Specific Implementation Method One in that: the reheating treatment in step three is performed when the actual temperature of the forged billet from the previous forging process is 85°C or higher lower than the preheating temperature of the billet. The reheating temperature is 400°C to 505°C, and the holding time is 0.1 to 2 times the initial outer diameter of the billet. The holding time is in minutes, and the outer diameter is in millimeters. Everything else is the same as in Specific Implementation Method One.

[0050] In this embodiment, the reflow annealing between adjacent passes eliminates work hardening through dynamic recovery and recrystallization, restoring the matrix plasticity and alleviating residual stress at the particle-matrix interface. Forced reflow is performed when the billet temperature is more than 85°C below the preheating temperature to ensure that each deformation pass is within the material's optimal plasticity temperature range.

[0051] The effectiveness of the present invention was verified through the following experiments:

[0052] Example 1: A multi-directional forging method for particle-reinforced aluminum matrix composite sheaths with decreasing deformation is specifically carried out according to the following steps:

[0053] I. A particle-reinforced aluminum matrix composite billet was prepared by atmospheric hot pressing sintering. The composition was (25 vol.% B4Cp + 7.5 vol.% W) / 6061Al, wherein the average particle sizes of B4C and W particles were 13 μm and 5 μm, respectively, and the average particle size of 6061Al powder was 15 μm. The composite billet was then encapsulated with 6061Al alloy.

[0054] 2. The encapsulated particle-reinforced aluminum matrix composite material is subjected to preheating and heat preservation treatment; the preheating temperature is 480℃ and the heat preservation time is 240min; the upper and lower cutting boards are heated to 475℃ and kept warm.

[0055] III. Multi-directional forging is performed using a 600-ton press. Before forging, graphite powder is evenly coated on the surfaces of the upper and lower anvils as a lubricant. Multi-directional forging is then performed sequentially along the axial direction, the first radial direction, and the second radial direction perpendicular to the first radial direction of the billet. The forging speed is 4 mm / s. The deformation per pass for the first 1-3 passes is 20%, for the 4-6 passes it is 16%, for the 7-9 passes it is 12%, and the cumulative deformation for 9 passes is 144%. After every 3 passes of forging, the billet is annealed in a furnace at 480℃ for 120 minutes. After 9 passes of forging, the billet is air-cooled to room temperature, and the 6061Al cladding is removed by turning. The forged billet is as follows: Figure 1 As shown, the surfaces of the aluminum alloy and composite material forgings are intact and no macroscopic cracks are present.

[0056] Comparative Example 1: A particle-reinforced aluminum matrix composite billet was prepared by atmospheric hot pressing sintering. The composition was (25 vol.% B4Cp + 7.5 vol.% W) / 6061Al, where the average particle sizes of B4C and W particles were 13 μm and 5 μm, respectively, and the average particle size of 6061Al powder was 15 μm. The composite billet was clad with 6061Al alloy; the clad billet was heated to 480℃ and held for 240 min, while the upper and lower anvils were simultaneously heated to 475℃ and held. Multi-directional forging was performed using a 600-ton press. Before forging, graphite powder was evenly coated onto the surfaces of the upper and lower anvils as a lubricant. Multi-directional forging was then performed sequentially along the axial direction, the first radial direction, and the second radial direction perpendicular to the first radial direction of the billet. The forging speed was 4 mm / s. The deformation per pass was constant at 16%, with a cumulative deformation of 144% after 9 passes. After every 3 passes, the billet was annealed in a furnace at 480℃ for 120 minutes. After 9 passes, the billet was air-cooled to room temperature, and the 6061Al cladding was removed by turning. The forged billet showed... Figure 2 As shown, obvious macroscopic cracks appeared on the surface of both the cladding and the composite material forging.

[0057] Example 2: A particle-reinforced aluminum matrix composite billet was prepared using a stir casting method. The composition was 13.5 vol.% SiCp / 7075Al, wherein the average particle size of the SiC particles was 9 μm. The composite billet was then encapsulated using a 7050Al alloy.

[0058] The encapsulated particle-reinforced aluminum matrix composite material is subjected to preheating and heat preservation treatment; the preheating temperature is 440℃ and the heat preservation time is 360min; the upper and lower cutting boards are heated to 440℃ and kept at that temperature.

[0059] Multi-directional forging was performed using an 800-ton press. Before forging, graphite powder was evenly coated onto the surfaces of the upper and lower anvils as a lubricant. Multi-directional forging was then performed sequentially along the axial direction, the first radial direction, and the second radial direction perpendicular to the first radial direction of the billet, at a forging speed of 3 mm / s. The deformation per pass was 20% for passes 1-3, 15% for passes 4-9, 12% for passes 10-12, and 10% for passes 13-15, with a cumulative deformation of 216% over 15 passes. After every 3 passes, the billet was annealed in a furnace at 440℃ for 150 minutes. After 15 passes, the billet was air-cooled to room temperature, and the 7050Al cladding was removed by turning. The forged billet showed... Figure 3 As shown, the surfaces of the aluminum alloy and composite material forgings are intact and no macroscopic cracks are present.

[0060] Comparative Example 2: A particle-reinforced aluminum matrix composite billet was prepared by stir casting with a composition of 13.5 vol.% SiCp / 7075Al, wherein the average particle size of the SiC particles was 9 μm. The composite billet was encapsulated with 7050Al alloy; the encapsulated billet was heated to 440℃ and held for 360 min, while the upper and lower anvils were simultaneously heated to 440℃ and held. Multi-directional forging was performed using an 800-ton press. Before forging, graphite powder was evenly coated onto the surfaces of the upper and lower anvils as a lubricant. Multi-directional forging was then performed sequentially along the axial direction, the first radial direction, and the second radial direction perpendicular to the first radial direction of the billet. The forging speed was 3 mm / s. The deformation per pass was constant at 14.4%, and the cumulative deformation over 15 passes was 216%. After every three forging passes, the billet was annealed in a furnace at 440℃ for 150 minutes. After 15 forging passes, the billet was air-cooled to room temperature, and the 7050Al cladding was removed by turning. The post-forging results were as follows: Figure 4 As shown, obvious macroscopic cracks appeared on the surface of both the cladding and the composite material forging.

[0061] The comparison between the examples and the comparative examples shows that the forgings using the equal deformation + decreasing deformation strategy (Figures 1 and 3) have no macroscopic cracks, while the comparative examples with constant deformation (Figures 2 and 4) show obvious cracking. This confirms that the stepped decreasing deformation can effectively adapt to the plasticity decay law of the material. Combined with the constraint of the aluminum alloy sheath and the homogenization effect of multi-directional symmetrical deformation, the dual goals of large cumulative deformation (90%~420%) and crack-free forging of particle-reinforced aluminum matrix composites are ultimately achieved.

Claims

1. A method for multi-directional forging of particle-reinforced aluminum matrix composite sheaths with decreasing deformation, characterized in that... The forging method is carried out in the following steps:

1. An aluminum alloy is used to encase the particle-reinforced aluminum matrix composite material blank to form an encased blank; 2. The cladding blank is placed in a heating furnace for preheating and heat preservation treatment; 3. Perform multi-directional forging on the preheated and heat-insulated cladding billet; set the deformation amount of the first three forging passes to 20%~30%; after each three forging passes, reduce the deformation amount of the next three passes by 0%~25% compared with the previous three passes; cyclically reduce the deformation amount according to the above rules until the cumulative deformation amount reaches the preset target value; between adjacent forging passes, the cladding billet forged in the previous pass is subjected to furnace annealing treatment.

4. After all forging passes are completed, air cool the forging to room temperature; 5. After air cooling, the forging is machined by turning to remove the aluminum alloy sheath, thus completing the forging process.

2. The multi-directional forging method for particle-reinforced aluminum matrix composite materials with decreasing deformation as described in claim 1, characterized in that... In step one, the reinforcement in the particle-reinforced aluminum matrix composite billet is one or a mixture of several of silicon carbide, alumina, tungsten, boron carbide, titanium carbide, aluminum nitride, and titanium diboride; the particle size of the reinforcement is 2μm to 50μm, and the volume fraction of the reinforcement is 0.5% to 41%; the billet is prepared by powder metallurgy, stirring casting, or hot isostatic pressing.

3. The multi-directional forging method for particle-reinforced aluminum matrix composite materials with decreasing deformation according to claim 1, characterized in that... The aluminum alloy mentioned in step one is made of the same series of wrought aluminum alloys as the aluminum matrix of the particle-reinforced aluminum matrix composite ingot.

4. The multi-directional forging method for particle-reinforced aluminum matrix composite materials with decreasing deformation as described in claim 1, characterized in that... In step one, the aluminum alloy serves as a sheath, comprising an outer shell and a top cover. The inner diameter of the outer shell is 0.1 mm to 0.5 mm smaller than the diameter of the particle-reinforced aluminum matrix composite billet, while the diameter of the top cover is 0.1 mm to 0.5 mm larger than the diameter of the particle-reinforced aluminum matrix composite billet. The thickness of both the outer shell and the top cover is 10% to 30% of the diameter of the particle-reinforced aluminum matrix composite billet.

5. The multi-directional forging method for particle-reinforced aluminum matrix composite materials with decreasing deformation according to claim 1, characterized in that... The preheating temperature for the preheating and heat preservation treatment in step two is 400℃~505℃, and the heat preservation time is 1~4 times the outer diameter of the blank. The heat preservation time is in minutes, and the outer diameter of the blank is in mm.

6. The multi-directional forging method for particle-reinforced aluminum matrix composite materials with decreasing deformation according to claim 1, characterized in that... The cumulative deformation amount mentioned in step three is between 90% and 420%.

7. The multi-directional forging method for particle-reinforced aluminum matrix composite sheathing with decreasing deformation as described in claim 6, characterized in that... In step three, during multi-directional forging, the deformation amount of a single pass in the first to third passes is 20% to 30%, and the deformation amount of the next three passes is reduced by 0% to 25% compared to the previous three passes. The deformation amount is cyclically reduced according to the above rules until the cumulative deformation amount reaches the preset target value.

8. The method for multi-directional equal deformation stepped forging of aluminum alloy cladding for particle-reinforced aluminum matrix composites according to claim 6, characterized in that... In step three, during multi-directional forging, the deformation amount in the three mutually perpendicular forging directions is kept the same.

9. The method for multi-directional equal deformation stepped forging of aluminum alloy cladding for particle-reinforced aluminum matrix composites according to claim 6, characterized in that... The forging equipment used is a press, air hammer or hydraulic press; the forging speed is 2mm / s to 12mm / s; the surfaces of the upper and lower anvils are coated with a lubricant, which is graphite powder, graphite flakes or graphite + machine oil; the temperature of the upper and lower anvils is 0 to 40℃ lower than the preheating temperature of the granular reinforced aluminum matrix composite.

10. The method for multi-directional equal deformation stepped forging of aluminum alloy cladding for particle-reinforced aluminum matrix composites according to claim 1, characterized in that... In step three, the reheating and heat preservation treatment is carried out when the current actual temperature of the cladding billet after the previous forging is 85°C or more lower than the preheating temperature of the cladding billet. The reheating temperature is 400°C to 505°C, and the heat preservation time is 0.1 to 2 times the outer diameter of the initial cladding billet. The heat preservation time is in minutes, and the outer diameter of the cladding billet is in mm.

Images