Tunnel shield support non-blasting excavation method and equipment

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of tunnel construction, in particular to a tunnel shield support non-blasting excavation method and equipment, the excavation method comprises four steps of drilling and pumping, concrete solidification, excavation of the surrounding rock and waterproof treatment, the method forms a concrete closed-loop shield support system by drilling and pumping in advance, a stable closed-loop support structure is formed before the excavation of the surrounding rock, effectively preventing the large deformation of soft rock and the rock burst phenomenon caused by stress release in hard rock during tunnel excavation; the system anchor rod, concrete spraying construction and explosive blasting process in the traditional support system are cancelled, which is safe and reliable, and has high economic benefits. The excavation equipment shares a propulsion mechanism through the spiral drill module and the reverse circulation down-the-hole drill module, without the need for separate propulsion devices for the two drill bits, the feed is achieved by driving the arc-shaped limiting piece with a chain, and the limiting block, the worm and the ring worm gear transmission self-locking function are matched to ensure the positioning accuracy of the drill bit during drilling, and to reduce the complexity of the equipment structure and the purchase and maintenance cost.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of tunnel construction technology, specifically to a non-blasting excavation method and equipment for tunnel shield support. Background Technology

[0002] Tunnel construction is a systematic project carried out in mountains, rock strata or urban underground spaces to meet the needs of underground passages in the fields of transportation, water conservancy, energy and other fields. Usually, the surrounding rock conditions are identified through geological survey and a construction plan is formulated before excavation. At the same time, initial support is implemented through shotcrete and anchor support, steel support and other means to control the deformation of the surrounding rock. Subsequently, concrete secondary lining is poured to form a permanent load-bearing structure. At the same time, the construction of ancillary facilities such as waterproofing, ventilation, drainage and lighting is completed.

[0003] During tunnel construction, depending on the geological conditions of the tunnel, shield tunneling, TBM (Tunnel Boring Machine) method, and drill-and-blast method are often used. Shield tunneling and TBM methods are easily limited by geological conditions. Although drill-and-blast method has a wider range of applications, traditional tunnel drill-and-blast excavation requires the use of support methods such as system anchor bolts and steel supports, which makes the construction process complex. When encountering geological changes or large deformation of soft rock and rock bursts in hard rock, the required safety protection costs are high, and the construction progress is slow, with a long construction period and high costs. Drill-and-blast method requires the use of explosives, which poses a great safety hazard. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a non-blasting excavation method and equipment for tunnel shield support to solve the technical problems mentioned in the background art.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution.

[0006] A non-blasting excavation method for tunnel shield support specifically includes the following steps: Step 1, Drilling and Pumping: Using excavation equipment, several individual holes are drilled along the outer contour of the tunnel structure. The individual holes intersect in pairs to form a shell-like continuous hole, and concrete is pumped in. For soft surrounding rock, the skip-hole pumping process is used for construction, while for hard surrounding rock, the continuous drilling and unified pumping process is used for construction. Step 2, Concrete solidification: When the concrete inside the shell-connecting holes solidifies to a compressive strength of 25-50MPa and a flexural strength of 3-12MPa, a concrete shell layer is formed. Step 3, excavation of the surrounding rock at the working face: When the strength of the surrounding rock at the working face is ≤20MPa, excavation is carried out using an excavator or an excavator with a breaker. When the strength of the surrounding rock is >20MPa, auxiliary guide holes are excavated along the arc length of the inner edge of the shell concrete support structure and on the working face. Static expansion holes are excavated in the blank area between the auxiliary guide holes on the working face. Crack-breaking rods are placed in the static expansion holes to crack the hard surrounding rock. Then, excavation is carried out using an excavator or an excavator with a breaker to finally obtain the shell concrete support structure. Step 4, Waterproofing: Spray a 0.2-3mm thick waterproof membrane onto the concrete support structure of the shell.

[0007] Preferably, each individual hole is inclined outward at 2-10° along the edge of the tunnel structure outline perpendicular to the normal, and the drilling depth is controlled at 200-500cm per cycle to form a shell.

[0008] Preferably, the skip-hole pumping process is as follows: For soft surrounding rock, the first drilling unit in the excavation equipment is used to excavate along the outer contour line of the tunnel structure in a skip-hole manner. After each individual hole is formed, concrete needs to be pumped in time. After the concrete strength in the holes formed on both sides reaches more than 15MPa, drilling and pumping are carried out again to form a concrete shell. The continuous drilling and unified pumping process is as follows: For hard surrounding rock, the second drilling unit in the excavation equipment is used to drill holes along the outer contour line of the tunnel structure one by one to form a shell-connected hole. Then, concrete is pumped into the shell-connected hole in one go to form a continuous concrete shell layer.

[0009] Preferably, the present invention also provides a non-blasting excavation device for tunnel shield support, applied in the above-mentioned non-blasting excavation method for tunnel shield support. The excavation device includes a work vehicle, a lifting unit, a rotating system, a first drilling unit, and a second drilling unit. The lifting unit is located at the front of the work vehicle, and the rotating system is located on the moving part of the lifting unit. The lifting unit is used to drive the rotating system for lifting and adjusting. The first drilling unit and the second drilling unit are both located on the rotating system. The rotating system can drive the first drilling unit and the second drilling unit to rotate and adjust, so as to realize the switching between the two. The first drilling unit adopts a spiral drilling system, and the second drilling unit adopts a reverse circulation down-the-hole drilling system.

[0010] Preferably, the first drilling unit uses a spiral drill module, and the second drilling unit uses a reverse circulation down-the-hole drill module; a lifting mechanism is provided on the front side of the work vehicle, and a positioning adjustment unit is provided on the moving seat A of the lifting mechanism, with a plate base provided in front of the positioning adjustment unit; the spiral drill module and the reverse circulation down-the-hole drill module are symmetrically arranged on the front side of the plate base through a rotation switching mechanism, which drives the spiral drill module and the reverse circulation down-the-hole drill module to rotate simultaneously to achieve drill bit switching; a propulsion mechanism is also provided on the front side of the plate base, which is shared by the spiral drill module and the reverse circulation down-the-hole drill module to achieve drilling feed; wherein, the positioning adjustment unit It includes a drive motor B, a power guide rail, and a drive motor C; a fixed base is fixed to the front of the movable seat A, and the drive motor B is fixed on the fixed base, with the axis of the drive motor B being parallel to the length direction of the work vehicle; the power guide rail is fixed to the output shaft of the drive motor B via a bracket, with the length direction of the power guide rail being perpendicular to the axis of the drive motor B; the movable seat B is located on the power guide rail, and the movable seat B can translate along the length direction of the power guide rail; a mounting bracket is fixed to the front of the movable seat B, and the drive motor C is fixed on the mounting bracket, with the axis of the drive motor C being parallel to the length direction of the power guide rail; the plate base is fixed to the output shaft of the drive motor C via a bracket.

[0011] Preferably, the rotary switching mechanism includes an annular seat, an annular worm gear, a worm, and a drive motor D; the annular seat is rotatably mounted on the front side of the plate base, and the annular worm gear is fixedly mounted on the annular seat; a pair of brackets are fixed on the front side of the plate base, and the worm is rotatably mounted on the two brackets, with the worm meshing with the annular worm gear; the drive motor D is fixed on one of the brackets, and its output shaft is fixed to one end of the worm; symmetrically fixed carriages are mounted on the front end of the annular seat, the length direction of the carriages is parallel to the length direction of the work vehicle, and both carriages are slidably mounted with limit seats; the auger drilling module is mounted on one side of the carriage, and the reverse circulation down-the-hole drilling module is mounted on the other side of the carriage; the propulsion mechanism is located on the front side of the plate base and between the two carriages.

[0012] Preferably, the propulsion mechanism includes a pair of slats, a pair of sprockets, a chain, a drive motor E, an arc-shaped limiting member, and an annular limiting member. The two slats are symmetrically fixed on the front surface of the plate base, and sprockets are rotatably mounted at both ends of the two slats via shafts. The chain drive is mounted on the two sprockets, and the drive motor E is fixed on one of the slats, with its output shaft fixedly connected to the shaft end of one of the sprockets. The annular limiting member is fixed to the front side of the plate base via a support arm and has a notch. An arc-shaped limiting member that matches the notch of the annular limiting member is fixed on one segment of the chain. The arc-shaped limiting member has a limiting groove A, and the annular limiting member has a limiting slot B. When the chain runs to the reset state, the arc-shaped limiting member can fit into the notch on the annular limiting member, and the limiting groove A and the limiting slot B form a circular groove structure. Limiting blocks are fixed on the sides of the two slides that are close to each other. The limiting blocks pass through the long slots on the same side of the slide and extend into the groove structure.

[0013] Preferably, the auger module includes a drive motor A and a threaded drill rod; an end seat is fixed to the corresponding side of the slide, the threaded drill rod is rotatably mounted on the front side of the end seat, the drive motor A is fixed on the end seat, and the output shaft is fixedly connected to the threaded drill rod; a cross-shaped groove is provided on the front end of the threaded drill rod.

[0014] Preferably, a dust suction hood is fixed on the front end of the carriage on the side away from the reverse circulation down-the-hole drill module, and the threaded drill rod slides through the dust suction hood; the side of the dust suction hood has a dust suction port, which is connected to the dust suction device through a pipe.

[0015] Preferably, the threaded drill rod has a pumping channel extending along its length; an inlet shroud is rotatably fitted on the outside of the threaded drill rod near the end seat, and the inlet shroud is fixedly connected to the end seat; a plurality of inlet holes are arranged in a ring array on the peripheral wall of the threaded drill rod and located inside the inlet shroud; the feed port on the inlet shroud is connected to a concrete pumping device through a pipeline; and a concrete pumping hole is provided on the threaded drill rod near its front end.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows.

[0017] This invention pre-forms a closed-loop concrete shield support system through drilling and pumping, creating a stable closed-loop support structure before excavation of the surrounding rock at the tunnel face. This effectively prevents large deformation of soft rock and rockburst caused by stress release in hard rock during tunnel excavation. Simultaneously, it eliminates the need for system anchors, shotcrete application, and explosive blasting processes found in traditional support systems, saving on project costs, improving the quality of the construction environment, and ensuring construction safety. This technology is widely applicable to different geological conditions, offers fast construction speed, is safe and reliable, low-carbon and environmentally friendly, and boasts high economic benefits.

[0018] This invention uses a shared propulsion mechanism between the auger drilling module and the reverse circulation down-the-hole drilling module, eliminating the need for separate propulsion devices for the two types of drill bits. Feeding is achieved by using a chain-driven arc-shaped limiting component to move the limiting block. Combined with the self-locking function of the worm gear and ring worm wheel transmission, the positioning accuracy of the drill bit during drilling is guaranteed, reducing the complexity of the equipment structure and the purchase and maintenance costs. When one side of the drilling structure is in operation, the limiting caliper on the other side is limited in the limiting groove B by the limiting block, which ensures that the other side of the drilling structure will not move back and forth at will when not in operation, thus ensuring the stability of the single-sided drilling structure during operation. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating the steps of the non-blasting excavation method with shield support for this tunnel. Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the cross-section of the shell-connected hole along the outer contour of the tunnel structure. Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a cross-section along the outer contour of the tunnel structure, showing the opening of the shell-connected hole. Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram showing the distribution of holes during non-blasting excavation supported by the shield shell; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the construction sequence for non-blasting full-section excavation with shield support. Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram showing the sequence of excavation areas using the bench method. Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the construction sequence for the bench excavation method. Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of a strut structure; Figure 9 This is a partial structural diagram of the cross-section of the strut. Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the excavation equipment used in this method; Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of Example 3; Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the positioning adjustment unit structure; Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the front structure of the plate base; Figure 14 This is one of the schematic diagrams of a partial structure of the propulsion mechanism; Figure 15 The second schematic diagram of the partial structure of the propulsion mechanism; Figure 16 This is a schematic diagram of the auger drill module structure; Figure 17 for Figure 16 Enlarged schematic diagram of the structure at point A in the middle; Figure 18 for Figure 16The diagram shows a partial cross-sectional view of the structure. Figure 19 This is a flowchart of the geological prediction method in Example 1.

[0020] In the diagram: 01. Outer contour line of the tunnel structure; 02. Hole connecting the shell; 03. Perpendicular normal line of the tunnel structure outline; 04. Auxiliary guide hole; 05. Static expansion hole; 06. Insert rod; 061. Inner channel; 062. Piston hole; 063. Piston body; 064. Push rod; 065. Liquid inlet; 066. Liquid outlet; 067. Push handle; 1. Working vehicle; 11. Lifting mechanism; 111. Moving seat A; 2. Lifting unit; 3. Rotation system; 4. First drilling unit; 41. Spiral drill module; 411. End seat; 412. Drive motor A; 413. Threaded drill rod; 4131. Inlet hole; 4132. Grouting hole; 414. Cross-shaped groove; 415. Dust suction hood; 416. Dust suction port; 417. Grouting... 418. Inlet duct; 419. Feed inlet; 5. Second drilling unit; 51. Reverse circulation down-the-hole drill module; 6. Positioning adjustment unit; 61. Fixed seat; 62. Drive motor B; 63. Power guide rail; 631. Moving seat B; 64. Mounting bracket; 65. Drive motor C; 7. Plate base; 8. Rotation switching mechanism; 81. Annular seat; 811. Slide; 8111. Long slot; 812. Slide; 82. Annular worm gear; 83. Bracket; 84. Worm; 85. Drive motor D; 9. Propulsion mechanism; 91. Slat; 92. Sprocket; 93. Chain; 94. Drive motor E; 96. Arc-shaped limiting component; 961. Limiting groove A; 97. Annular limiting component; 971. Limiting groove B; 98. Limiting block. Detailed Implementation

[0021] The embodiments of the present invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0022] In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "connection" and "installation" should be interpreted broadly. For example, "connection" can be a detachable connection or a non-detachable connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium. Furthermore, "connection" can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium. "Fixed" means that the devices are connected to each other and their relative positional relationship remains unchanged after the connection. The directional terms mentioned in the embodiments of the present invention, such as "inner," "outer," "top," and "bottom," are only for reference to the directions in the accompanying drawings. Therefore, the directional terms used are for better and clearer explanation and understanding of the embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the embodiments of the present invention.

[0023] In this embodiment of the invention, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of indicated technical features. Therefore, a feature defined with "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature.

[0024] In this embodiment of the invention, "and / or" is merely a description of the relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can represent three cases: A existing alone, A and B existing simultaneously, and B existing alone. Additionally, the character " / " in this document generally indicates that the preceding and following related objects have an "or" relationship.

[0025] References to "one embodiment" or "some embodiments" as used in this specification mean that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment is included in one or more embodiments of the invention. Therefore, the phrases "in one embodiment," "in some embodiments," "in other embodiments," "in still other embodiments," etc., appearing in different parts of this specification do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, but rather mean "one or more, but not all, embodiments," unless otherwise specifically emphasized. The terms "comprising," "including," "having," and variations thereof mean "including, but not limited to," unless otherwise specifically emphasized. Example 1

[0026] Please see Figures 1-11 This invention provides a non-blasting excavation method for tunnel shield support, specifically including the following steps: Step 1, Drilling and Pumping: Using excavation equipment, drill several individual holes along the outer contour line 01 of the tunnel structure. These individual holes intersect in pairs, such as... Figure 2 As shown, the entire shell is formed by connecting holes 02, and concrete is pumped in. The diameter of each individual hole is 15-50cm, and the intersection width between two adjacent individual holes is 5-25cm; Figure 3 As shown by the included angle R, each individual hole is inclined outward by 2-10° along the edge of the tunnel structure outline perpendicular to the normal line 03. The drilling depth is controlled at 200-500cm per cycle to form a shell. For soft surrounding rock, the skip-hole grouting process is used for construction, and for hard surrounding rock, the continuous drilling and unified grouting process is used for construction. Step 2, Concrete solidification: When the concrete inside the shell connecting hole 02 solidifies to a compressive strength of 25-50MPa and a flexural strength of 3-12MPa, a concrete shell layer is formed. Step 3, Excavation of the surrounding rock at the tunnel face: When the strength of the surrounding rock at the tunnel face is ≤20MPa, excavation is carried out using an excavator or an excavator in conjunction with a hydraulic breaker; when the strength of the surrounding rock is >20MPa, such as... Figure 4As shown, auxiliary guide holes 04 are drilled along the arc length of the inner edge of the shell concrete support structure and on the working face. Static expansion holes 05 are drilled in the blank area between the auxiliary guide holes 04 on the working face. The above construction sequence is as follows: Figure 5 As shown, a crack-breaking rod is placed in the static expansion hole 05 to crack the hard surrounding rock. Then, an excavator or an excavator with a breaker is used for excavation to finally form a shell concrete support structure. The auxiliary guide hole 04 has a diameter of 5-20cm and a depth less than or equal to the depth of the single hole. The static expansion hole 05 and the auxiliary guide hole 04 are spaced 60-180cm apart, and the static expansion hole 05 has a diameter of 5-20cm and a depth equal to that of the auxiliary guide hole 04. Step 4, Waterproofing treatment: Spray a waterproof membrane with a thickness of 0.2 to 3 mm onto the concrete support structure of the shell. The waterproof membrane is composed of one or more of polyurea, polyurethane, modified chlorovinylidene emulsion or modified acrylic emulsion.

[0027] The concrete used for pumping can be traditional concrete or fine-grained high-density concrete made from excavated rock. The preparation method of this fine-grained high-density concrete is described in Chinese Patent Application No. 202510897246.1. The shell concrete after the surrounding rock excavation can be used as a direct support structure, or a steel support structure in the form of I-beams or steel trusses can be set circumferentially on the inner side of the shell concrete to form a composite support structure. The spacing between the steel support structures is 1-2m.

[0028] This shield-supported non-blasting excavation can employ either the bench method or full-face excavation. In the bench method, if... Figure 6 As shown, the construction area is divided into two zones, ① and ②. In zone ①, within a 4-5m range of the upper section, the concrete support shell structure is constructed first, following steps one through three above. After excavation of zone ①, the lower bench is constructed in zone ②. The lower bench construction requires drilling holes along the lower end outline of the tunnel and pumping concrete to form a concrete support shell structure. This support shell is integrated with the support shell of the upper bench, following steps one through three above. The construction sequence is as follows: Figure 7 As shown.

[0029] The strut structure used in step three is as follows: Figure 8 and Figure 9As shown, the splitting rod includes an insert rod 06 and several push rods 064. The insert rod 06 has an inner channel 061. Several piston holes 062, each communicating with the inner channel 061, are evenly distributed on the outer wall of the insert rod 06. A piston body 063 is matched and installed at the end of each piston hole 062. A push rod 064 is fixed on each piston body 063, and each push rod 064 extends to the outside of the insert rod 06. The end of the insert rod 06 is provided with a liquid inlet 065 and a liquid outlet 066, and valves are installed on both. The liquid inlet 065 is connected to one end of the inner channel 061 through a cavity, and the liquid outlet 066 is connected to the other end of the inner channel 061 through a cavity.

[0030] During construction, firstly, adjust the valve on the inlet 065 to the open position and the valve on the outlet 066 to the closed position. Then, connect the inlet 065 and outlet 066 to the hydraulic station. Next, insert the insert rod 06 into the static expansion hole 05. The hydraulic station provides a working pressure of 5-20 MPa, pressurizing the hydraulic oil into the inner channel 061. This pushes the piston body 063 and the push rod 064 outward as a whole, generating a huge supporting force that can crack the hard surrounding rock, facilitating subsequent excavation. When retracting the push rod 064, adjust the valve on the inlet 065 to the closed position and the valve on the outlet 066 to the open position. Then, use the hydraulic station to draw the hydraulic oil in the inner channel 061 back, which will drive the piston body 063 and the push rod 064 to move inward and retract synchronously.

[0031] Specifically, the skip-hole grouting process is as follows: For soft surrounding rock, the first drilling unit 4 in the excavation equipment is used to excavate along the outer contour line 01 of the tunnel structure in a skip-hole manner. After each individual hole is completed, concrete needs to be pumped in time. After the concrete strength in the holes formed on both sides reaches C15 or above, drilling continues and pumping continues to form a concrete shell layer. The continuous drilling and unified grouting process is as follows: For hard surrounding rock, the second drilling unit 5 in the excavation equipment is used to drill holes sequentially along the outer contour line 01 of the tunnel structure to form shell-connected holes 02. Concrete is then pumped into the shell-connected holes 02 all at once to form a continuous concrete shell layer. Skip-hole pumping involves drilling one hole and grouting one hole at a time to ensure the stability of soft rock; while continuous drilling involves drilling all holes first and then pumping grouting in a unified manner to improve the construction efficiency of hard rock and save concrete usage.

[0032] In addition, automatic cameras are installed on the aforementioned shield-supported non-blasting excavation equipment to take pictures of the working face before drilling. At the same time, pinhole cameras are installed on the drill bit to take pictures during hole formation. The surrounding rock level of the excavation face is predicted in a timely manner through coupled analysis. High-frequency vibration acceleration sensors and acoustic emission sensors are installed on the power head and drill rod of the shield-supported non-blasting excavation equipment to capture the high-frequency vibration transmitted from the drill rod in a timely manner.

[0033] Data is collected by sensors and, combined with the drilling rig's own control system, real-time recording and output of time-series data such as drilling speed, rotational torque, feed pressure, and rotational velocity. Precise synchronous analysis is then performed. Based on the analysis of the raw data of the mixed vibration parameters, effective information is extracted. A database of correspondences between vibration characteristics and geological attributes is established by analyzing and comparing drilling data under a large amount of known geological conditions, enabling geological interpretation and modeling. Furthermore, the computer is trained to automatically learn the complex nonlinear relationship between vibration modes and geological conditions, thereby achieving more intelligent and automated predictions to achieve real-time geological prediction. The process of the above geological prediction method is as follows: Figure 19 As shown. Example 2

[0034] Please see Figure 10 The present invention also provides a non-blasting excavation device for tunnel shield support, which is applied to the non-blasting excavation method for tunnel shield support in Embodiment 1. The excavation device includes a work vehicle 1, a lifting unit 2, a rotating system 3, a first drilling unit 4, and a second drilling unit 5. The work vehicle 1 has tracks at the bottom and is equipped with a hydraulic station and a generator as the power source during operation. The lifting unit 2 is located at the front of the work vehicle 1, and the rotating system 3 is located on the moving part of the lifting unit 2. The lifting unit 2 is used to drive the rotating system 3 for lifting and adjusting. The first drilling unit 4 and the second drilling unit 5 are both located on the rotating system 3. The rotating system 3 can drive the first drilling unit 4 and the second drilling unit 5 to rotate and adjust, so as to realize the switching between the two. The first drilling unit 4 adopts a spiral drilling system, and an impact spiral drilling system can also be used. The second drilling unit 5 adopts a reverse circulation down-the-hole drilling system. The lifting unit 2 adopts a hydraulic lifting structure, and the rotating system 3 is a rotating structure driven by an electric motor.

[0035] The aforementioned auger drilling system and reverse circulation down-the-hole drilling system both utilize existing technologies. Their specific structures and working principles will not be elaborated upon here. During construction operations, the work vehicle 1 moves, and the lifting unit 2 adjusts its height to automatically locate the drilling position along the excavation contour. During the drilling process, the rotating system 3 drives the auger drilling system and the reverse circulation down-the-hole drilling system to rotate, enabling the switching of drill bits. For soft rock with a strength ≤20 MPa, the auger drilling system is used, and the skip-hole grouting process is employed for construction operations, allowing for simultaneous drilling and slag removal. For hard surrounding rock, the more widely applicable reverse circulation down-the-hole drilling system can be used, employing a continuous drilling and unified grouting process for construction operations. Example 3

[0036] Please see Figures 11 to 18 The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 2 is that: The first drilling unit 4 uses a spiral drill module 41, and the second drilling unit 5 uses a reverse circulation down-the-hole drill module 51. The difference between the spiral drill module 41 and the spiral drill system is the lack of a propulsion device; the difference between the reverse circulation down-the-hole drill module 51 and the reverse circulation down-the-hole drill system is the lack of a propulsion device. The work vehicle 1 has a lifting mechanism 11 at its front, which uses a lead screw linear drive mechanism. The moving seat A111 on the lifting mechanism 11 can move up and down. A positioning adjustment unit 6 is located at the front of the moving seat A111, and a plate base 7 is located at the front of the positioning adjustment unit 6. The spiral drill module 41 and the reverse circulation down-the-hole drill module 5... The rotating switching mechanism 8 is symmetrically located on the front side of the plate base 7. The rotating switching mechanism 8 can drive the auger drill module 41 and the reverse circulation down-the-hole drill module 51 to rotate simultaneously to achieve drill bit switching. The front side of the plate base 7 is also provided with a propulsion mechanism 9, which is shared by the auger drill module 41 and the reverse circulation down-the-hole drill module 51 to achieve drilling feed. The mechanism of sharing the propulsion mechanism 9 between the auger drill module 41 and the reverse circulation down-the-hole drill module 51 eliminates the need to equip each of the auger drill module 41 and the reverse circulation down-the-hole drill module 51 with a separate propulsion device, which greatly reduces the investment cost of equipment compared with traditional technology.

[0037] The positioning adjustment unit 6 includes a drive motor B62, a power guide rail 63, and a drive motor C65. A fixed base 61 is fixed to the front of the movable seat A111, and the drive motor B62 is fixed on the fixed base 61, with the axis of the drive motor B62 parallel to the length direction of the work vehicle 1. The power guide rail 63 is fixed to the output shaft of the drive motor B62 via a bracket, with the length direction of the power guide rail 63 perpendicular to the axis of the drive motor B62. The power guide rail 63 has a movable seat B631, which can translate along the length direction of the power guide rail 63. A mounting bracket 64 is fixed to the front side of 31, and a drive motor C65 is fixed on the mounting bracket 64, with the axis of the drive motor C65 parallel to the length direction of the power guide rail 63. The plate base 7 is fixed to the output shaft of the drive motor C65 through the bracket. When the drive motor B62 works, its output shaft can drive the power guide rail 63, the plate base 7 and the components on the plate base 7 to swing. Combined with the drive rail 63 driving the moving seat B631, the plate base 7 and the components on the plate base 7 to move and adjust along the length direction of the power guide rail 63, so as to adjust the drilling position sequentially along the outer contour line 01 of the tunnel structure.

[0038] Secondly, by driving the C65 motor to rotate, the plate base 7 and its components can be driven to adjust the drilling angle, so as to ensure that the drilling requirements of each individual hole can be met by tilting outward by 2-10° along the tunnel structure outline edge line perpendicular to the normal line 03.

[0039] As can be seen, the horizontal swing positioning is achieved by the drive motor B62, the longitudinal translation positioning is achieved by the power guide rail 63, and the drilling angle is adjusted by the drive motor C65, thereby accurately positioning the position and posture of each drill hole. Example 4

[0040] Please see Figure 13 and Figure 15 This embodiment provides a detailed explanation of the rotary switching mechanism 8 in Embodiment 3, as follows: The rotary switching mechanism 8 includes an annular seat 81, an annular worm gear 82, a worm 84, and a drive motor D85. The annular seat 81 is rotatably mounted on the front side of the plate base 7, and the annular worm gear 82 is fixedly fitted on the annular seat 81. A pair of brackets 83 are fixed on the front side of the plate base 7, and the worm 84 is rotatably mounted on the two brackets 83, and the worm 84 meshes with the annular worm gear 82. The drive motor D85 is fixed on one of the brackets 83, and its output shaft is fixed to one end of the worm 84. A slide 811 is symmetrically fixed on the front end of the annular seat 81. The length direction of the slide 811 is parallel to the length direction of the work vehicle 1, and a slide seat 812 is slidably mounted on both slide seats 811. The spiral drill module 41 is set on one slide seat 812, and the reverse circulation down-the-hole drill module 51 is set on the other slide seat 812.

[0041] The slide block 812 can be limited to move along the length of the slide 811, providing the auger module 41 and the reverse circulation down-the-hole drill module 51 with the ability to feed and retract. The propulsion mechanism 9 is located on the front side of the plate base 7 and between the two slide blocks 811. The drive motor D85 works, and its output shaft drives the worm 84 to rotate. The rotating worm 84 meshes with and drives the annular worm wheel 82, which in turn drives the annular seat 81 to rotate. The rotating annular seat 81 can drive the auger module 41 and the reverse circulation down-the-hole drill module 51 at its end to adjust their positions so as to switch different drill bits according to the hardness of the surrounding rock. Example 5

[0042] Please see Figures 13 to 16 Based on the foregoing embodiments, this embodiment provides a detailed explanation of the propulsion mechanism 9 in Embodiment 3, as follows: The propulsion mechanism 9 includes a pair of slats 91, a pair of sprockets 92, a chain 93, a drive motor E94, an arc-shaped limiting member 96, and an annular limiting member 97. The two slats 91 are symmetrically fixed on the front surface of the plate base 7, and the two ends of the two slats 91 are respectively rotatably mounted with sprockets 92 via shafts. The chain 93 is driven and mounted on the two sprockets 92. The drive motor E94 is fixed on one of the slats 91, and its output shaft is fixedly connected to the shaft end of one of the sprockets 92. When the drive motor E94 works, its output shaft can drive one sprocket 92 to rotate. The rotating sprocket 92 drives the other sprocket 92 to rotate under the action of the chain 93, thereby driving the chain 93 to move around the two sprockets 92, providing propulsion for the feed of the auger module 41 or the reverse circulation down-the-hole drill module 51.

[0043] The annular limiting member 97 is fixed to the front side of the plate base 7 by a support arm, and the annular limiting member 97 has a notch; an arc-shaped limiting member 96 that matches the notch of the annular limiting member 97 is fixed on one segment of the chain 93. The arc-shaped limiting member 96 can move synchronously with the operation of the chain 93, and the specific direction of movement of the arc-shaped limiting member 96 is parallel to the length direction of the work vehicle 1. In addition, the arc-shaped limiting member 96 has a limiting groove A961, and the annular limiting member 97 has a limiting groove B971. When the chain 93 runs to the reset state, the arc-shaped limiting member 96 can fit into the notch on the annular limiting member 97, so that the arc-shaped limiting member 96 and the annular limiting member 97 form a complete circular structure, and the limiting groove A961 and the limiting groove B971 form a complete circular groove structure; a limiting block 98 is fixed on the side of the two slides 812 that are close to each other, such as Figure 15 As shown, the limiting blocks 98 all pass through the long grooves 8111 on the same side of the slide 811 and extend into the groove structure mentioned above. The chain 93 passes through the circular structure mentioned above. The long grooves 8111 extend along the length of the slide 811, and the limiting blocks 98 have the ability to move along the length of the slide 811 within the long grooves 8111.

[0044] When drilling on soft rock using the auger module 41, the rotary switching mechanism 8 drives the auger module 41 to rotate to the position corresponding to the arc-shaped limiting member 96. At this time, the limiting block 98 on the same side as the auger module 41 rotates into the limiting groove A961, which limits and holds the limiting block 98. Subsequently, the drive motor E94 drives the chain 93 to move, and the chain 93 drives the arc-shaped limiting member 96 and the space within the arc-shaped limiting member 96. When the limit block 98 moves forward, the auger module 41 is fed. When the drive motor E94 rotates in the opposite direction, the drive chain 93 is reset and runs. Similarly, the chain 93 drives the arc-shaped limit member 96 and the limit block 98 inside the arc-shaped limit member 96 to move backward, realizing the retraction of the auger module 41. During the above process, since the limit block 98 on the other side is limited and held in the limit groove B971, it is ensured that the reverse circulation down-the-hole drill module 51 will not move back and forth when the auger module 41 is working.

[0045] When drilling on hard rock using the reverse circulation down-the-hole drill module 51, the rotary switching mechanism 8 drives the reverse circulation down-the-hole drill module 51 to rotate to the position corresponding to the arc-shaped limiting member 96. At this time, the limiting block 98 on the same side as the reverse circulation down-the-hole drill module 51 rotates into the limiting groove A961, which limits and holds the limiting block 98. Subsequently, the drive motor E94 drives the chain 93 to move, and the chain 93 drives the arc-shaped limiting member 96 and the area inside the arc-shaped limiting member 96. The limiting block 98 moves forward, thus realizing the feed of the reverse circulation down-the-hole drill module 51. When the drive motor E94 rotates in the opposite direction, the drive chain 93 resets and runs. Similarly, the chain 93 drives the arc-shaped limiting member 96 and the limiting block 98 inside the arc-shaped limiting member 96 to move backward, thus realizing the retraction of the reverse circulation down-the-hole drill module 51. During the above process, since the limiting block 98 on the other side is limited and held in the limiting groove B971, it ensures that the auger drill module 41 will not move back and forth when the reverse circulation down-the-hole drill module 51 is working.

[0046] In addition, the rotation switching mechanism 8 uses the drive motor D85 to drive the worm gear 84 to rotate and mesh with the annular worm wheel 82 to realize the rotation adjustment of the annular seat 81. It has a one-way transmission self-locking effect, which prevents the annular seat 81 from rotating arbitrarily when not being rotated, thus preventing the auger module 41 or the reverse circulation down-the-hole drill module 51 from being out of position during operation. This ensures that the drilling structures on both sides remain stable in the required position. Example 6

[0047] Please see Figure 13 and Figure 16 Based on the foregoing embodiments, this embodiment provides a detailed explanation of the auger module 41 in Embodiment 3, as follows: The spiral drill module 41 includes a drive motor A412 and a threaded drill rod 413. An end seat 411 is fixed to the side of the corresponding slide 812. The threaded drill rod 413 is rotatably mounted on the front side of the end seat 411. The drive motor A412 is fixed on the end seat 411, and its output shaft is fixedly connected to the threaded drill rod 413. When the drive motor A412 works, its output shaft can drive the threaded drill rod 413 to rotate, thereby realizing spiral drilling. The debris generated during drilling can be discharged along the spiral part on the threaded drill rod 413 as the threaded drill rod 413 rotates.

[0048] Among them, such as Figure 17 As shown, a cross-shaped groove 414 is provided on the front end of the threaded drill rod 413. This groove creates multiple cutting edges on the front end of the threaded drill rod 413. When the threaded drill rod 413 rotates, these cutting edges can cut through the rock and soil, facilitating hole formation. Furthermore, as... Figure 8 and Figure 9 As shown, the end of the insertion rod 06 is fixed with a push handle 067. The push handle 067 is a cross shape that matches the cross-shaped groove 414. When the insertion rod 06 is inserted into the static expansion hole 05, the end of the insertion rod 06 is aligned with the end of the threaded drill rod 413, and the push handle 067 is fitted into the cross-shaped groove 414. By using the spiral drill module 41 for feeding, the insertion rod 06 can be pushed into the static expansion hole 05, making the insertion of the fracture rod easier and less strenuous.

[0049] Furthermore, by utilizing the structural cooperation between the push handle 067 and the cross-shaped groove 414, a bidirectional positioning effect can be achieved when the push rod 06 is inserted into the static expansion hole 05, preventing the push rod 06 from tilting and thus ensuring the accuracy of the insertion angle of the expansion rod. The above mechanism makes the cross-shaped groove 414 both a structure for forming the cutting edge and a positioning structure when pushing and inserting the expansion rod, achieving two goals at once.

[0050] When using the reverse circulation down-the-hole drill module 51 for continuous drilling and unified pumping operations, a large amount of dust will be generated. Through the double-arm drill rod mechanism and in conjunction with the impact hammer, cyclone separator and dust removal equipment, the same pneumatic slag removal can be achieved while advancing the drill bit, so as to reduce dust during drilling. The specific structure of the reverse circulation down-the-hole drill module 51 and its specific working principle with the supporting equipment are based on existing technology, and will not be described in detail in this application.

[0051] In addition, such as Figure 17As shown, a dust collection hood 415 is fixed on the front end of the slide 811 on the side away from the reverse circulation down-the-hole drill module 51, and the threaded drill rod 413 slides through the dust collection hood 415; the side of the dust collection hood 415 has a dust collection port 416, which is connected to a dust collection device (not shown in the figure) through a pipeline. When the threaded drill rod 413 feeds to perform drilling operations, the dust collection hood 415 is attached to the hole end. Through the operation of the dust collection device, the dust in the hole can be extracted and collected, improving the environmental quality of the work site.

[0052] like Figure 18 As shown, the threaded drill rod 413 has an internal grouting channel 417 extending along its length; an inlet shroud 418 is rotatably fitted onto the outside of the threaded drill rod 413 near the end seat 411, and the inlet shroud 418 is fixedly connected to the end seat 411; a plurality of inlet holes 4131 are arranged in a ring array on the peripheral wall of the threaded drill rod 413 and located inside the inlet shroud 418; the feed inlet 419 on the inlet shroud 418 is connected to a grouting device (not shown in the figure) through a pipeline; the threaded drill rod 413 Several grouting holes 4132 are arranged in a ring array near the front end of the upper part; in the skip-hole grouting process, when the threaded drill rod 413 finishes drilling and is retracted, the concrete slurry is pumped into the feed port 419 through the grouting equipment (pumping pressure is 1-4MPa). The concrete slurry in the feed port 419 flows into the inlet cover 418, then flows into the grouting channel 417 through the inlet hole 4131, and finally flows into the drill hole through the grouting hole 4132, realizing the operation mode of retracting the rod while grouting.

[0053] The control method of this invention is automatic control through a controller. The control circuit of the controller can be implemented by simple programming by those skilled in the art. The power supply is also common knowledge in the art. Furthermore, since this invention is mainly used to protect mechanical devices, the control method and circuit connection will not be explained in detail here.

[0054] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above, and that the present invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics of the present invention.

Claims

1. A non-blasting excavation method for tunnel shield support, characterized in that, Specifically, the following steps are included: Step 1, Drilling and Pumping: Using excavation equipment, drill several individual holes along the outer contour line (01) of the tunnel structure. The individual holes intersect in pairs to form a shell-connected hole (02), and then pour concrete. For soft surrounding rock, the skip-hole pumping concrete process is used for construction, while for hard surrounding rock, the continuous drilling and unified pumping concrete process is used for construction. Step 2, Concrete solidification: When the concrete in the shell connecting hole (02) solidifies to a compressive strength of 25-50MPa and a flexural strength of 3-12MPa, a concrete shell layer is formed. Step 3, excavation of the surrounding rock at the working face: When the strength of the surrounding rock at the working face is ≤20MPa, excavation is carried out using an excavator or an excavator with a breaker. When the strength of the surrounding rock is >20MPa, auxiliary guide holes (04) are drilled along the arc length of the inner edge of the shell concrete support structure and on the working face. Static expansion holes (05) are excavated in the blank area between the auxiliary guide holes (04) on the working face. A cracking rod is placed in the static expansion hole (05) to crack the hard surrounding rock. Then, an excavator or an excavator with a breaker is used to excavate the surrounding rock at the working face, and finally the shell concrete support structure is formed. Step 4, Waterproofing: Spray a 0.2-3mm thick waterproof membrane onto the concrete support structure of the shell.

2. The non-blasting excavation method for tunnel shield support according to claim 1, characterized in that: Each individual hole is inclined outward at 2-10° along the edge of the tunnel structure outline perpendicular to the normal (03), and the drilling depth is controlled at 200-500cm per cycle to form a shell.

3. The non-blasting excavation method for tunnel shield support according to claim 1, characterized in that: The skip-hole pumping process is as follows: For soft surrounding rock, the first drilling unit (4) in the excavation equipment is used to excavate along the outer contour line (01) of the tunnel structure in a skip-hole manner. After each individual hole is formed, concrete needs to be pumped in time. After the concrete strength in the holes formed on both sides reaches more than 15MPa, drilling and pumping are carried out again to form a concrete shell. The continuous drilling and unified pumping process is as follows: For hard surrounding rock, the second drilling unit (5) in the excavation equipment is used to drill holes along the outer contour line (01) of the tunnel structure one by one to form a shell-connected hole (02), and then concrete is pumped into the shell-connected hole (02) in one go to form a continuous concrete shell layer.

4. A tunnel shield support non-blasting excavation device, applied in the tunnel shield support non-blasting excavation method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The excavation equipment includes a work vehicle (1), a lifting unit (2), a rotating system (3), a first drilling unit (4), and a second drilling unit (5); The lifting unit (2) is located on the front side of the work vehicle (1), and the rotating system (3) is located on the moving part of the lifting unit (2). The lifting unit (2) is used to drive the rotating system (3) to perform lifting and adjusting. The first drilling unit (4) and the second drilling unit (5) are both mounted on the rotating system (3). The rotating system (3) can drive the first drilling unit (4) and the second drilling unit (5) to rotate and adjust, so as to achieve the switching use of the two. The first drilling unit (4) uses a spiral drilling system, and the second drilling unit (5) uses a reverse circulation down-the-hole drilling system. The first drilling unit (4) uses a spiral drill module (41), and the second drilling unit (5) uses a reverse circulation down-the-hole drill module (51). The work vehicle (1) is provided with a lifting mechanism (11) on the front side, and a positioning adjustment unit (6) is provided on the moving seat A (111) of the lifting mechanism (11), and a plate seat (7) is provided on the front side of the positioning adjustment unit (6). The auger module (41) and the reverse circulation down-the-hole drill module (51) are symmetrically arranged on the front side of the plate base (7) through a rotary switching mechanism (8). The rotary switching mechanism (8) can drive the auger module (41) and the reverse circulation down-the-hole drill module (51) to rotate simultaneously to achieve drill bit switching. The plate base (7) is also provided with a propulsion mechanism (9) on the front side. The spiral drill module (41) and the reverse circulation down-the-hole drill module (51) share the propulsion mechanism (9) to realize drilling feed.

5. The tunnel shield support non-blasting excavation equipment according to claim 4, characterized in that: The positioning adjustment unit (6) includes a drive motor B (62), a power guide rail (63), and a drive motor C (65). The front side of the movable seat A (111) is fixed with a fixed seat (61), and the drive motor B (62) is fixed on the fixed seat (61), and the axial direction of the drive motor B (62) is parallel to the length direction of the work vehicle (1); The power guide rail (63) is fixed on the output shaft of the drive motor B (62) by a bracket, and the length direction of the power guide rail (63) is perpendicular to the axial direction of the drive motor B (62); The power guide rail (63) has a movable seat B (631), and the movable seat B (631) can translate along the length direction of the power guide rail (63); The movable seat B (631) is fixed with a mounting bracket (64) on the front side, and the drive motor C (65) is fixed on the mounting bracket (64), and the axial direction of the drive motor C (65) is parallel to the length direction of the power guide rail (63); The plate base (7) is fixed to the output shaft of the drive motor C (65) by a bracket.

6. A non-blasting excavation device for tunnel shield support according to claim 5, characterized in that: The rotary switching mechanism (8) includes an annular seat (81), an annular worm gear (82), a worm (84), and a drive motor D (85). The annular seat (81) is rotatably mounted on the front side of the plate seat (7), and the annular worm gear (82) is fixedly mounted on the annular seat (81); A pair of brackets (83) are fixed on the front side of the plate base (7), and the worm (84) is rotatably mounted on the two brackets (83), and the worm (84) meshes with the annular worm wheel (82); The drive motor D (85) is fixed on one of the brackets (83), and the output shaft is fixed to one end of the worm (84); The annular seat (81) is symmetrically fixed with a slide (811) at the front end. The length direction of the slide (811) is parallel to the length direction of the work vehicle (1), and both slides (811) are slidably mounted with a slide seat (812). The auger module (41) is mounted on one side slide (812), and the reverse circulation down-the-hole drill module (51) is mounted on the other side slide (812); The propulsion mechanism (9) is located on the front side of the plate base (7) and between the two slides (811).

7. A non-blasting excavation device for tunnel shield support according to claim 6, characterized in that: The propulsion mechanism (9) includes a pair of slats (91), a pair of sprockets (92), a chain (93), a drive motor E (94), an arc-shaped limiting member (96), and an annular limiting member (97). The two strips (91) are fixed symmetrically on the front surface of the plate base (7), and the two ends of the two strips (91) are respectively mounted with the sprockets (92) through shafts. The chain (93) is driven and mounted on two sprockets (92). The drive motor E (94) is fixed on one of the sprockets (91), and the output shaft is fixedly connected to the shaft end of one of the sprockets (92). The annular limiting member (97) is fixed to the front side of the plate base (7) by a support arm, and the annular limiting member (97) has a notch; One segment of the chain (93) is fixed with an arc-shaped limiting member (96) that matches the notch of the annular limiting member (97). The arc-shaped limiting member (96) has a limiting groove A (961), and the annular limiting member (97) has a limiting groove B (971). When the chain (93) runs to the reset state, the arc-shaped limiting member (96) can fit into the notch on the ring-shaped limiting member (97), and at the same time, the limiting groove A (961) and the limiting groove B (971) form a complete circular groove structure. Limiting blocks (98) are fixed on the side of the two slides (812) that are close to each other. The limiting blocks (98) pass through the long groove (8111) on the same side slide (811) and extend into the groove structure.

8. A non-blasting excavation device for tunnel shield support according to claim 6, characterized in that: The auger module (41) includes a drive motor A (412) and a threaded drill rod (413). An end seat (411) is fixed on the side of the slide (812) on the corresponding side. The threaded drill rod (413) is rotatably mounted on the front side of the end seat (411). The drive motor A (412) is fixed on the end seat (411), and its output shaft is fixedly connected to the threaded drill rod (413). The front end of the threaded drill rod (413) is provided with a cross-shaped groove (414).

9. A non-blasting excavation device for tunnel shield support according to claim 8, characterized in that: A dust collection hood (415) is fixed on the front end of the slide (811) on the side away from the reverse circulation down-the-hole drill module (51), and the threaded drill rod (413) slides through the dust collection hood (415). The dust hood (415) has a dust inlet (416) on its side, and the dust inlet (416) is connected to the dust collection device through a pipe.

10. A non-blasting excavation device for tunnel shield support according to claim 8, characterized in that: The threaded drill rod (413) has an injection channel (417) extending along its length. An inlet shroud (418) is rotatably fitted on the outside of the threaded drill rod (413) and near the end seat (411), and the inlet shroud (418) is fixedly connected to the end seat (411); The threaded drill rod (413) has a plurality of inlet holes (4131) arranged in a ring array on the peripheral wall and inside the inlet shroud (418). The feed inlet (419) on the feed hood (418) is connected to the slurry supply equipment through a pipeline; The threaded drill rod (413) has a number of grouting holes (4132) arranged in a ring near its front end.

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