Multi-layer composite protection and energy dissipation system for sea island reef to resist underwater explosion and installation method

Abstract

The invention relates to a multi-layer composite protection and energy dissipation system for an island reef to resist underwater explosion and an installation method. The multi-layer composite protection and energy dissipation system comprises an island reef body; the energy dissipation layer is annularly arranged on the periphery of the sea island reef disc body at intervals of a preset space and comprises an elastic energy absorption part and an energy dispersion framework, the elastic energy absorption part is arranged on the outer side of the energy dissipation layer, and the energy dispersion framework is arranged on the inner side of the energy dissipation layer and fixedly connected with the elastic energy absorption part; the active energy dissipation layer is annularly arranged between the energy dissipation layer and the sea island reef plate body and comprises an early warning system and a plurality of bubble generating devices, the early warning system is associated with the bubble generating devices, and the early warning system is suitable for monitoring underwater explosion signals and triggering the bubble generating devices to release bubbles to form a bubble curtain; the bubble curtain is adapted to dissipate residual energy through the energy dissipation layer. The system has the outstanding characteristics of multi-layer energy absorption, intelligent monitoring and active defense, can be widely applied to protection of the bottom of the sea island reef disc, and effectively resists impact of underwater explosion on the sea island foundation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of layered composite protection system technology, specifically to a multi-layered composite protection and energy dissipation system and installation method for resisting underwater explosions on islands and reefs. Background Technology

[0002] With the development and utilization of marine resources and the increasing strategic importance of the ocean, the security and stability of islands and reefs, as an important component of maritime rights, have received widespread attention. Underwater explosions, as a powerful destructive threat, pose a serious challenge to the security of islands and reefs. In the military field, the development of underwater explosive weapons exposes islands and reefs to the risk of attack; in the civilian field, activities such as offshore engineering construction and underwater blasting operations may also trigger accidental underwater explosions, damaging the ecological environment and infrastructure of islands and reefs.

[0003] Traditional island and reef protection technologies have numerous limitations when facing underwater explosion threats. Traditional protection technologies often employ passive, single-structure protection methods, such as the common use of reinforced concrete structures as protective layers, relying primarily on their own strength and weight to withstand the shock waves and pressure generated by underwater explosions. However, when the energy of an underwater explosion exceeds their tolerance range, the reinforced concrete structure is easily damaged, leading to protection failure. Furthermore, this single-structure protection method has limited ability to absorb and disperse shock wave energy, making it difficult to effectively reduce the damage to the reef foundation. Simultaneously, traditional protection technologies lack effective monitoring and early warning mechanisms, making it difficult to detect underwater explosion threats in a timely manner and implement corresponding protective measures, significantly limiting the effectiveness of protection. In addition, traditional protection technologies are usually designed for specific explosion conditions and environments, lacking adaptability to complex marine environments and diverse explosion threats. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of the shortcomings of the existing technology, the main objective of this invention is to provide an efficient and reliable multi-layer composite protection and energy dissipation system for islands and reefs to resist underwater explosions, aiming to solve the technical problems of existing islands and reefs in resisting the threat of underwater explosions.

[0005] The technical solution of the present invention is as follows:

[0006] This invention proposes a multi-layered composite protection and energy dissipation system for islands and reefs to resist underwater explosions, comprising:

[0007] The island / reef itself;

[0008] An energy dissipation layer is arranged circumferentially around the outer periphery of the island reef body at predetermined intervals. The energy dissipation layer includes an elastic energy-absorbing part and an energy-dispersing skeleton. The elastic energy-absorbing part is disposed on the outer side of the energy dissipation layer and is adapted to absorb the initial energy of the explosion shock wave. The energy-dispersing skeleton is disposed on the inner side of the energy dissipation layer and is fixedly connected to the elastic energy-absorbing part, and is adapted to disperse the initial energy of the shock wave.

[0009] An active energy dissipation layer is circumferentially disposed between the energy dissipation layer and the island reef body. The active energy dissipation layer includes an early warning system and multiple bubble generating devices. The early warning system is associated with the multiple bubble generating devices. The early warning system is adapted to monitor underwater explosion signals and trigger the multiple bubble generating devices to release bubbles to form a bubble curtain. The bubble curtain is adapted to dissipate the remaining energy passing through the energy dissipation layer.

[0010] In some embodiments, the bottom of the energy dissipation layer is fixed deep into the seabed, and the layer body is fixed by a plurality of radially arranged horizontal support columns. One end of the plurality of horizontal support columns is fixedly connected to the energy dissipation layer, and the other end is fixedly connected to the island reef body.

[0011] In some embodiments, the elastic energy-absorbing portion is made of a superelastic polyurethane-carbon nanotube composite material.

[0012] In some embodiments, the energy dispersing framework is a honeycomb titanium alloy framework.

[0013] In some embodiments, the bubble generating device is an air pump, and a plurality of the air pumps are arranged in a ring array between the energy dissipation layer and the island reef body.

[0014] In some embodiments, the elastic energy-absorbing part is provided with a multi-directional corrugated guide groove on the side away from the energy-dispersing skeleton, which is suitable for guiding the shock wave to spread in a non-vertical direction.

[0015] In some embodiments, the early warning system includes:

[0016] The monitoring device is arranged circumferentially around the outer periphery of the island reef body to collect and transmit the acoustic wave signal and / or shock wave pressure signal of the underwater explosion in real time.

[0017] The control unit, coupled to the monitoring device and the plurality of bubble generating devices, is used to analyze and determine the explosion intensity based on the signal transmitted by the monitoring device, and to control the plurality of bubble generating devices to release a predetermined number of bubbles at a specific rate to form a bubble curtain of a specific size and density distribution based on the current intensity.

[0018] In some embodiments, the monitoring device includes an acoustic sensor arranged circumferentially around the periphery of a plurality of bubble generating devices, adapted to acquire the acoustic signals of underwater explosions in real time and transmit the signals to a control unit.

[0019] In some embodiments, the monitoring device includes a pressure sensor arranged circumferentially around the periphery of a plurality of bubble generating devices, adapted to acquire the shock wave pressure signal of an underwater explosion in real time and transmit the signal to a control unit.

[0020] In some embodiments, the multi-layer composite protection and energy dissipation system further includes an adaptive damping protection structure, which is circumferentially disposed on the outer surface of the island reef body and is adapted to suppress residual energy passing through the energy dissipation layer and the active energy dissipation layer.

[0021] In some embodiments, the adaptive damping protection structure includes:

[0022] Two pressure plates are arranged opposite each other along the outer surface of the island reef body;

[0023] A primary quality change damping structure is fixedly installed between the two bearing plates and is suitable for undergoing a liquid-solid phase change when subjected to impact in order to absorb and dissipate impact energy.

[0024] A two-stage damping structure is installed between one of the pressure plates and the island reef body. One end of the structure is fixedly connected to one of the pressure plates, and the other end is fixedly connected to the island reef body. It is suitable for generating damping force when subjected to impact.

[0025] In some embodiments, the primary quality change damping structure comprises a honeycomb rubber core and a shear thickening fluid filled within the core, wherein the shear thickening fluid is adapted to change from a liquid state to a near-solid state upon impact.

[0026] In some embodiments, the secondary damping structure is a viscous damper, the telescopic end of which is fixedly connected to one of the pressure plates, and the fixed end is fixedly connected to the island reef body.

[0027] The present invention also proposes an installation method for the above-described multi-layer composite protection and energy dissipation system, comprising the following steps:

[0028] On-site survey and layout: A three-dimensional model of the bottom of the island reef is established using underwater surveying methods, and embedded parts and positioning benchmarks are set up at the predetermined ring positions;

[0029] Energy dissipation layer installation: The energy dissipation layer module is hoisted to the seabed and fixed to the embedded parts with high-strength bolts through flange connectors;

[0030] Active energy dissipation layer installation: Multiple bubble generators and monitoring devices are circumferentially arranged between the energy dissipation layer and the island reef body. The bubble generators are connected to the early warning system through cable pipes.

[0031] Installation of adaptive damping protection structure: An adaptive damping protection structure is installed on the surface of the island reef body. The pressure plate is placed on the outermost side to directly bear the residual impact. A first-level quality change damping structure is set behind it. A pressure plate is also set behind the first-level quality change damping structure. A second-level quantity loss damping structure is set between the pressure plate and the reef body. The adaptive damping protection structure is fixed by an adhesive layer.

[0032] The advantages of this invention compared to existing technologies are as follows: This invention proposes a multi-layered composite protection and energy dissipation system for protecting islands and reefs from underwater explosions. Through an innovative layered design, this invention achieves the gradual absorption and dissipation of underwater explosion energy, effectively reducing the impact of the explosion shock wave on the foundation of the island or reef and protecting its safety. Furthermore, the application of this technology has significant practical implications for ensuring the safety of my country's islands and reefs and safeguarding national maritime rights. Simultaneously, this invention has broad application prospects and can be extended to the protection engineering of other underwater structures, providing strong technical support for the development of the marine engineering field.

[0033] In this invention, the combination of the elastic energy-absorbing part of the energy dissipation layer and the energy-dispersing skeleton can efficiently absorb and disperse the initial energy of the shock wave. The elastic energy-absorbing part has extremely high toughness and large deformation capacity, which can effectively absorb the extremely high energy of the leading edge of the underwater explosion shock wave, and convert the impact kinetic energy into heat dissipation through the hysteretic deformation of the material itself, thereby directly reducing the peak pressure and impulse of the shock wave. The energy-dispersing skeleton can quickly transfer and disperse the impact load that remains after the initial weakening by the elastic energy-absorbing part from the impact point to a larger area, avoiding stress concentration and greatly reducing the risk of the protective structure being punctured or brittlely damaged due to excessive local pressure.

[0034] In this invention, the multi-directional corrugated guide grooves on the surface of the energy dissipation layer further guide the diffusion of the shock wave and reduce the local pressure peak.

[0035] In this invention, the active energy dissipation layer, triggered by the early warning system, utilizes the reflection and scattering principles of the bubble curtain to weaken the shock wave a second time, greatly reducing the energy transmitted to the inner layer. The early warning system precisely controls the size and density of the bubble curtain, and the active energy dissipation layer can flexibly adjust its energy dissipation effect according to the underwater explosion threat of different intensities, achieving precise weakening of underwater explosion energy and providing active and efficient protection for islands and reefs.

[0036] In this invention, the early warning system utilizes multiple sensors, including acoustic and pressure sensors, to monitor the dynamic changes in the underwater environment in real time and detect signs of underwater explosions promptly and accurately. Once an explosion signal is detected, the early warning system quickly triggers the bubble generator in the active energy dissipation layer to release bubbles, forming a bubble curtain for active energy dissipation. This intelligent design enables the protection system to provide precise protection based on actual conditions, significantly improving the timeliness and effectiveness of protection.

[0037] In this invention, the adaptive damping protection structure precisely suppresses residual vibrations, ensuring the stability of the reef foundation. This synergistic effect of multi-layered protection greatly enhances the protective effect, effectively resisting high-intensity underwater explosion threats and providing more reliable safety guarantees for islands and reefs.

[0038] The multi-layered composite protection and energy dissipation system of this invention exhibits excellent adaptability. The energy dissipation layer employs a modular design, allowing for flexible assembly and adjustment based on the shape, size, and surrounding marine environment of islands and reefs, thus adapting to islands and reefs with varying terrain and geological conditions. The active energy dissipation layer, through precise control of the bubble curtain's size and density, can adaptively adjust to factors such as the intensity and distance of underwater explosions, effectively countering explosion threats of varying intensities. The adaptive damping protection structure automatically adjusts the damping coefficient according to real-time changes in impact intensity. This strong adaptability enables the protection system of this invention to operate stably under various complex marine environments and diverse underwater explosion threats, providing comprehensive protection for islands and reefs.

[0039] It should be understood that the description in the Summary of the Invention is not intended to limit the key or essential features of the embodiments of the present invention, nor is it intended to restrict the scope of the invention. Other features of the invention will become readily apparent from the following description. Furthermore, implementation of any embodiment of the present invention does not imply the simultaneous possession or achievement of multiple or all of the aforementioned beneficial effects. Attached Figure Description

[0040] To more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are merely exemplary, and those skilled in the art can derive other embodiments based on the provided drawings without creative effort.

[0041] The structures, proportions, sizes, etc. illustrated in this specification are only for the purpose of assisting those skilled in the art in understanding and reading the content disclosed herein, and are not intended to limit the conditions under which the present invention can be implemented. Therefore, they have no substantial technical significance. Any modifications to the structure, changes in the proportions, or adjustments to the size, without affecting the effects and objectives that the present invention can produce, should still fall within the scope of the technical content disclosed in the present invention.

[0042] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a multi-layer composite protection and energy dissipation system for resisting underwater explosions on islands and reefs, according to some embodiments of the present invention.

[0043] Figure 2 This is a partial structural schematic diagram of a multi-layer composite protection and energy dissipation system for resisting underwater explosions on islands and reefs, according to some embodiments of the present invention.

[0044] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the planar structure of the energy dissipation layer according to some embodiments of the present invention;

[0045] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the elevation structure of the energy dissipation layer according to some embodiments of the present invention;

[0046] Figure 5 These are schematic diagrams of flange connectors according to some embodiments of the present invention;

[0047] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of a bubble generating device generating a bubble curtain according to some embodiments of the present invention;

[0048] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a bubble generating device according to some embodiments of the present invention;

[0049] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the acoustic sensor structure according to some embodiments of the present invention;

[0050] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the pressure sensor structure according to some embodiments of the present invention;

[0051] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of an adaptive damping protection structure according to some embodiments of the present invention.

[0052] Marked in the image:

[0053] 1-The island / reef itself;

[0054] 2-Energy dissipation layer; 201-Elastic energy absorption section; 202-Energy dispersion framework; 203-Multi-directional corrugated guide channel; 204-Flange connector; 205-Horizontal support column;

[0055] 3-Active energy dissipation layer; 301-Bubble generator; 3011-Motor; 3012-Impeller; 3013-Air inlet; 3014-Air outlet; 3015-Support; 302-Monitoring device; 3021-Acoustic sensor; 30211-Hydrophone; 30212-Titanium alloy housing; 30213-Processor; 30214-Cable conduit; 30215-Water seal; 3022-Pressure sensor; 30221-Pressure sensing diaphragm; 30222-Pressure-resistant housing; 30223-Corrugated diaphragm; 30224-Chip; 30225-Thermistor; 30226-Temperature compensation module; 30227-Water cable interface; 303-Bubble curtain;

[0056] 4-Adaptive damping protection structure; 401-Pressure plate; 402-Primary qualitative change damping structure; 403-Secondary quantity dissipation damping structure; 404-Adhesive layer;

[0057] 5-High-strength bolt set.

[0058] The same or corresponding marks in the diagram indicate the same or corresponding parts. Detailed Implementation

[0059] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the embodiments of the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Here, the illustrative embodiments and descriptions of the present invention are used to explain the present invention, but are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0060] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "linking," and "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0061] It should be understood that the terms "comprising / including," "consisting of," or any other variations are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a product, apparatus, process, or method that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but may also include, where necessary, other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a product, apparatus, process, or method. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrases "comprising / including," "consisting of," does not exclude the presence of additional identical elements in the product, apparatus, process, or method that includes said element.

[0062] It should also be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device, component or structure referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed or operated in a specific orientation, and should not be construed as a limitation of the present invention.

[0063] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this invention, "a plurality of" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0064] The implementation of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to preferred embodiments.

[0065] This invention proposes a multi-layered composite protection and energy dissipation system for protecting islands and reefs from underwater explosions. This system is an innovative protection system for the bottom of islands and reefs against underwater explosions. The layers work together to form a solid protective barrier.

[0066] like Figures 1 to 10 As shown, the system mainly consists of an island reef body 1, an energy dissipation layer 2, and an active energy dissipation layer 3. The island reef body 1 extends deep into the seabed at its bottom and supports and connects to the deep-sea reef at its top, forming the foundation of the deep-sea reef. This invention effectively ensures the stability and safety of the entire deep-sea reef above it by attenuating and mitigating the devastating impact of underwater explosion shock waves on the island reef body 1.

[0067] In this invention, the energy dissipation layer 2 and the active energy dissipation layer 3 work together to effectively resist the impact of underwater explosions, ensuring the safety and stability of islands and reefs. This layered composite protection design fully leverages the advantages of each layer, achieving multi-level and multi-stage absorption and dissipation of underwater explosion energy, greatly improving the overall effectiveness of the protection system, and providing comprehensive, efficient, and reliable protection for islands and reefs.

[0068] In detail, the energy dissipation layer 2, as the outermost layer of the system, directly faces the powerful shock wave generated by the underwater explosion.

[0069] See Figures 1 to 4The energy dissipation layer 2, arranged in a circumferential pattern at predetermined intervals, forms a core protective barrier around the island reef body 1. The energy dissipation layer 2 is composed of an elastic energy-absorbing part 201 and an energy-dispersing frame 202. The elastic energy-absorbing part 201 is located on the outermost side of the energy dissipation layer 2, suitable for absorbing the initial energy of the explosive shock wave. The energy-dispersing frame 202 is located adjacent to the elastic energy-absorbing part 201 on the inner side of the energy dissipation layer 2 and is fixedly connected to the elastic energy-absorbing part 201, suitable for dispersing the initial energy of the shock wave.

[0070] In some embodiments, the elastic energy-absorbing part 201 is made of a superelastic polyurethane-carbon nanotube composite material and is bonded to the skeleton by a hot pressing process.

[0071] In this invention, the elastic energy-absorbing part 201 utilizes the high toughness, high damping and superelasticity unique to its polymer material, and fully leverages its advantages of high elasticity and strain sensitivity to absorb the energy of the shock wave through its own elastic deformation, thereby absorbing a large amount of the energy of the shock wave and converting it into its own deformation energy, thus delaying the transmission of underwater pressure.

[0072] In this invention, the energy dispersing frame 202 can quickly transfer and disperse the impact load that remains after the initial weakening by the elastic energy absorbing part 201 from the point of impact to a wider range, thus avoiding the energy from being concentrated at a certain point and causing excessive damage to the structure.

[0073] See also Figure 3 , Figure 4 The energy dispersion skeleton 202 is a honeycomb titanium alloy skeleton. Due to its special geometry and high strength, the honeycomb titanium alloy skeleton can effectively disperse the energy of shock waves, transmitting and dispersing the impact force within the skeleton structure, thus preventing energy from concentrating at a single point and causing excessive damage to the structure.

[0074] More precisely, when a shock wave acts on the honeycomb surface, the pressure is not concentrated at a single point or along a straight line, but rather conducted along the walls and nodes of multiple cells. In this way, energy is "diverted" throughout the entire structure, rather than concentrated to destroy a specific area. Under impact, the honeycomb walls gradually buckle and collapse, forming a "layer-by-layer collapse" pattern. This pattern transforms a high-intensity, instantaneous impact into a longer-lasting, low-intensity response, much like "turning a sharp hammer blow into a gentle thrust." Titanium alloys possess a high strength-to-weight ratio, excellent corrosion resistance, and good elastic recovery properties, allowing them to maintain structural stability after absorbing impact and resisting fracture or corrosion.

[0075] In some embodiments, a modularly designed honeycomb titanium alloy frame is used for assembly based on the bottom contour dimensions of the target island reef. Each module is a hexagonal honeycomb structure made of high-strength titanium alloy, and the modules are fixed together by tenon and mortise joints to ensure the stability and impact resistance of the overall structure.

[0076] See also Figure 3 , Figure 4 The elastic energy-absorbing part 201 has a multi-directional corrugated guide groove 203 on the side away from the energy-dispersing frame 202. The guide groove is designed to extend outward in a divergent manner from the center of the elastic energy-absorbing part 201, and is distributed in an orderly manner like the spokes of a wheel.

[0077] The surface of the energy dissipation layer 2 of this invention is designed with multi-directional corrugated guide channels 203, an innovative design that greatly enhances its protective effectiveness. Based on the fluid-structure coupling effect, when a shock wave acts on the energy dissipation layer 2, the multi-directional corrugated guide channels 203 can guide the shock wave to spread in a non-perpendicular direction. Under the action of the guide channels, the propagation direction of the shock wave changes; it no longer propagates solely along a direction perpendicular to the bottom of the reef, but spreads in multiple directions. This significantly reduces the local pressure peak at critical locations on the reef, effectively mitigating the direct impact of the shock wave on key parts of the reef and providing more favorable working conditions for subsequent protective layers.

[0078] In some embodiments, the depth of the multi-directional corrugated guide groove 203 is 5-10 mm, and the corrugation angles are staggered at 45° to guide the diffusion of shock waves.

[0079] In some embodiments, the bottom of the energy dissipation layer 2 is fixed deep into the seabed surface to improve the stability of the energy dissipation layer 2. See, for example, [example missing]. Figure 5 The bottom of the energy dissipation layer 2 is provided with a flange connector 204, and a reef pre-embedded part is pre-embedded at the corresponding position on the seabed. The flange connector 204 and the reef pre-embedded part are fastened together by a high-strength bolt group 5.

[0080] In some embodiments, see continue to see Figure 1 The energy dissipation layer 2 is fixed by multiple radially arranged horizontal support columns 205. One end of each horizontal support column 205 is fixedly connected to the energy dissipation layer 2, and the other end is fixedly connected to the island reef body 1. The horizontal support columns 205 are preferably titanium alloy support columns. The arrangement of multiple horizontal support columns 205 is used to further improve the stability of the energy dissipation layer 2, and also to initially resist shock waves.

[0081] In this invention, the energy dissipation layer 2 can be deployed around the bottom perimeter of the coastal island reef. It adopts a modular design, which allows it to be flexibly assembled and adjusted according to the shape and size of different island reefs, facilitating mass production and installation, and greatly improving construction efficiency and economy.

[0082] The active energy dissipation layer 3 is located in the middle layer of the system and is the core active defense component of the entire protection system.

[0083] See Figure 1 , Figure 6 An active energy dissipation layer 3 is circumferentially positioned between the energy dissipation layer 2 and the island reef body 1. The active energy dissipation layer 3 includes an early warning system and multiple bubble generators 301. The early warning system is associated with the multiple bubble generators 301. The early warning system closely monitors the dynamic changes of the surrounding underwater environment at all times and can sense various signals generated by underwater explosions in real time, including the initial pressure changes of shock waves and the propagation of explosion sound waves. Once the early warning system detects signs of an underwater explosion, it will quickly analyze the explosion intensity and, after determining the explosion intensity, trigger the multiple bubble generators to release bubbles of a predetermined form to form a bubble curtain 303 of a specific size and density distribution.

[0084] In this invention, the bubble generating device 301 releases a controllable bubble curtain 303 according to a predetermined program. Utilizing the principle that the gas-liquid two-phase medium interface can reflect and scatter shock waves, the energy generated by the underwater explosion is weakened to the maximum extent. When the shock wave propagates to the bubble curtain 303 region, it undergoes strong reflection and scattering upon encountering the bubbles. Part of the shock wave energy is reflected back to the direction of the explosion source, while the rest is scattered in various directions within the bubble curtain 303. This results in a significant amount of energy being consumed and dispersed during propagation, greatly reducing its intensity when it reaches the inner protective structure.

[0085] In some embodiments, the bubble generating device 301 is an air pump, and multiple air pumps are arranged in a ring array between the energy dissipation layer 2 and the island reef body 1.

[0086] In this invention, the distance between adjacent air pumps is evenly distributed, but the number of bubbles emitted by different air pumps is determined according to the explosion equivalent obtained by the early warning system at the location.

[0087] See Figure 7The air pump structure includes a motor 3011, an impeller 3012, an air inlet 3013, an air outlet 3014, and a support 3015. The motor 3011 is installed inside the bubble generator 301 and is directly connected to the impeller 3012 via a shaft, driving the impeller 3012 to rotate at high speed. The motor 3011 is also connected to a warning system signal to receive start / stop control signals. The air inlet 3013 is typically connected to an air inlet pipe, with its inlet end connected to an air storage tank to ensure the intake of dry air. The air outlet 3013 delivers the air compressed by the impeller 3012 into the water, ultimately forming a fine and uniform bubble curtain 303. The support 3015 is located at the bottom of the bubble generator 301, providing stable support for the entire device.

[0088] In some embodiments, the early warning system includes a monitoring device 302 and a control unit (not shown in the figure), wherein the monitoring device 302 is arranged circumferentially around the outer periphery of the island reef body 1, for real-time acquisition and transmission of acoustic signals and / or shock wave pressure signals of underwater explosion.

[0089] The control unit is connected to the monitoring device 302 and multiple bubble generating devices 301. The control unit is used to receive the signal transmitted by the monitoring device 302, analyze and determine the explosion intensity based on the received signal, and control the multiple bubble generating devices 301 to release a predetermined number of bubbles at a specific rate to form a bubble curtain of a specific size and density distribution based on the current intensity.

[0090] This invention precisely controls the size and density of the bubble curtain 303 through a control unit. The active energy dissipation layer 3 can flexibly adjust the energy dissipation effect according to the underwater explosion threat of different intensities, thereby achieving precise weakening of the underwater explosion energy and providing active and efficient protection for islands and reefs.

[0091] In some embodiments, the monitoring device 302 includes an acoustic sensor 3021, which is arranged circumferentially around the periphery of a plurality of bubble generating devices 301, and is adapted to collect the acoustic wave signal of the underwater explosion in real time and transmit the signal to the control unit.

[0092] See Figure 8The acoustic sensor 3021 consists of a hydrophone 30211, a titanium alloy housing 30212, a processor 30213, a cable conduit 30214, and a waterproof rubber ring 30215. The hydrophone 30211 is mounted on top of the acoustic sensor 3021 and is used to receive and convert the acoustic wave signals generated by the underwater explosion. The titanium alloy housing 30212 ensures the internal components operate normally in a high-pressure seawater environment. The processor 30213 is located inside the titanium alloy housing 30212 and is used to perform real-time analysis and digital processing of the received acoustic wave signals. The cable conduit 30214 is connected to the processor 30213 to reliably transmit the processed signal to the control unit. The waterproof rubber ring 30215 is installed at the interface of the titanium alloy housing 30212 to ensure overall watertightness and prevent seawater infiltration.

[0093] In some embodiments, the monitoring device 302 includes a pressure sensor 3022, which is arranged circumferentially around the periphery of a plurality of bubble generating devices 301, such as the periphery of an acoustic sensor 3021, and is adapted to acquire the shock wave pressure signal of an underwater explosion in real time and transmit the signal to a control unit.

[0094] See Figure 9 The pressure sensor 3022 consists of a pressure sensing diaphragm 30221, a pressure-resistant housing 30222, a corrugated diaphragm 30223, a chip 30224, a thermistor 30225, a temperature compensation module 30226, and a waterproof cable interface 30227. The pressure-sensing diaphragm 30221 is located at the front end of the sensor to directly sense the instantaneous pressure of the underwater explosion shock wave. The pressure-resistant housing 30222 covers the outside and provides structural strength and pressure resistance to prevent damage to internal components from the high-pressure environment of the deep sea. The corrugated diaphragm 30223 is connected to the pressure-sensing diaphragm 30221 and is used to sensitively transmit the stress deformation to the chip. The chip 30224 is located inside the housing and is used to convert the mechanical deformation signal into an electrical signal and output it. The thermistor 30225 is arranged near the chip 30224 and is used to sense changes in ambient temperature. The temperature compensation module 30226 is electrically connected to the chip 30224 and the thermistor 30225 to maintain the temperature of the chip 30224 at a suitable operating temperature. The water cable interface 30227 is located at the rear of the housing and is used to realize the signal and power connection with the external control unit while ensuring watertightness.

[0095] This invention combines an energy dissipation layer with an active energy dissipation layer to form a highly efficient protection mechanism that integrates passive defense with intelligent active control. The passive energy dissipation layer, through its elastic energy-absorbing components and dispersion framework, stably absorbs and disperses the initial energy of the shock wave, effectively reducing the peak load. Meanwhile, the active energy dissipation layer, through an early warning system, senses the explosion intensity in real time and intelligently adjusts the output of the bubble generator to dynamically generate bubble curtains of different sizes and densities, specifically dissipating the remaining energy. This combination not only ensures the reliability of basic energy dissipation but also achieves precise and efficient protection against explosions of varying intensities through the adaptive adjustment capability of the active layer, significantly improving the overall system's blast resistance and economy.

[0096] In some embodiments, the multi-layer composite protection and energy dissipation system further includes an adaptive damping protection structure 4. The adaptive damping protection structure 4 precisely suppresses the low-frequency vibrations that remain after the first two layers of protection, ensuring that the reef foundation is not affected by residual vibrations.

[0097] See Figure 1 , Figure 2 The adaptive damping protection structure 4 is circumferentially installed on the outer surface of the island reef body 1, such as at key support points of the reef foundation and the base of important structures. The adaptive damping protection structure 4 is the last line of defense for ensuring the safety of the reef. This structure can adjust its damping coefficient in real time according to the impact intensity, effectively suppressing the impact of low-frequency residual vibrations on the reef foundation.

[0098] In some embodiments, see Figure 10 The adaptive damping protection structure 4 consists of two pressure plates 401, a primary quality-change damping structure 402, and a secondary quantity-dissipation damping structure 403. The two pressure plates 401 are arranged opposite each other on the outer surfaces of the coastal island reef body 1 to withstand external impact loads.

[0099] It is easy to understand that, depending on the pressure strength requirements at different locations of the protective structure, the thicknesses of the two pressure plates 401 can be configured to be the same or different in order to achieve optimal material distribution and maximize protective performance.

[0100] See also Figure 10 The primary quality change damping structure 402 is fixedly installed between the two pressure plates 401, and is suitable for undergoing a liquid-solid phase change upon impact, efficiently absorbing and dissipating impact energy through the phase change process. The secondary quantity dissipation damping structure 403 is installed between one of the pressure plates 401 and the island reef body 1, with one end fixedly connected to one of the pressure plates 401 and the other end fixedly connected to the island reef body 1, and is suitable for generating damping force upon impact to further dissipate the remaining impact energy passing through the primary quality change damping structure 402.

[0101] In some embodiments, the primary quality change damping structure 402 consists of a honeycomb rubber core and a shear thickening fluid (STF) filled within the core.

[0102] In this embodiment, the honeycomb rubber core has a unique regular hexagonal honeycomb pore structure. This structure not only gives the rubber core good flexibility and elasticity, enabling it to undergo a certain degree of elastic deformation when subjected to external force, but also greatly increases the contact area with the shear thickening fluid due to the porous design.

[0103] Shear-thickening fluids are concentrated suspensions with non-Newtonian fluid properties, composed of dispersed phase particles and a dispersion medium. The viscosity of shear-thickening fluids varies with shear rate or shear stress. At low shear rates, they exhibit good fluidity; as the shear rate increases to the critical shear rate, the viscosity increases sharply, transitioning from a liquid to a near-solid state; when the external load is removed, the viscosity decreases, and they return to a liquid state. Shear-thickening fluids are highly sensitive to the applied shear force rate, achieving a liquid-to-solid transition in a very short time. During this transition, they absorb and dissipate a large amount of impact energy, thus providing buffering and protection. After the external force disappears, they quickly return to their original liquid state, allowing for repeated use without significant performance degradation.

[0104] In some embodiments, the secondary damping structure 403 is a viscous damper, with the telescopic end of the viscous damper fixedly connected to one of the pressure plates 401 and the fixed end fixedly connected to the island reef body 1.

[0105] In this embodiment, when the piston of the viscous damper moves within a cylinder filled with viscous liquid, the internal friction between liquid molecules hinders the piston's movement, thereby generating a damping force. The magnitude of this damping force is directly proportional to the piston's speed; the faster the speed, the greater the damping force, exhibiting intelligent adaptive energy consumption characteristics.

[0106] More specifically, viscous dampers utilize the shear resistance characteristics of viscous fluids. When the piston of the damper moves within a cylinder filled with a viscous liquid (such as silicone oil), the internal friction between liquid molecules hinders the piston's movement, thus generating a damping force. The magnitude of this damping force is directly proportional to the piston's speed; the faster the speed, the greater the damping force. Viscous dampers can provide relatively stable damping forces, and due to the good fluidity of viscous liquids, they respond quickly to vibrations, effectively suppressing them promptly.

[0107] In this invention, the first-stage qualitative change damping structure utilizes the latent heat of phase change of the STF and the large contact area of ​​the honeycomb structure to achieve efficient energy conversion and dissipation; the second-stage quantitative dissipation damping structure utilizes the internal friction between fluid molecules to continuously dissipate energy in the form of heat. The combination of these two physical mechanisms provides energy dissipation efficiency and high reliability far exceeding that of a single damping mechanism, providing redundancy protection for the island reef body.

[0108] In some embodiments, the adaptive damping protection structure 4 further includes an adhesive layer 404, such as a biomimetic mussel protein adhesive layer, which connects the adaptive damping protection structure 4 to important locations on the bottom of the island reef. The biomimetic mussel protein adhesive layer can maintain relatively high adhesion strength in the underwater environment and has low environmental pollution, thus meeting the requirements of sustainable development while achieving the connection function.

[0109] In this invention, an energy dissipation layer, an active energy dissipation layer, and an adaptive damping protection structure are combined to form a three-tiered, in-depth protection system of "passive energy absorption - active energy dissipation - adaptive vibration suppression." The energy dissipation layer absorbs and disperses the initial energy of the shock wave through elastic energy-absorbing components and a dispersion framework; the active energy dissipation layer dissipates the remaining shock wave through intelligent early warning and a bubble curtain; and the adaptive damping protection structure further suppresses residual vibration energy through the liquid-solid phase change of the primary qualitative damping structure and the damping force of the secondary quantitative damping structure. This multi-level collaborative mechanism achieves full-process, multi-mode energy management of underwater explosion shock waves, significantly reducing the impact load ultimately acting on the island / reef body and greatly improving the reliability and blast resistance of the protection system.

[0110] This invention also proposes an installation method for a multi-layer composite protection and energy dissipation system for resisting underwater explosions on islands and reefs, comprising the following steps:

[0111] Step 1: On-site survey and positioning

[0112] Multibeam echo sounding and side-scan sonar were used to survey the bottom of the island reef body 1 and the surrounding sea area to establish a three-dimensional base model. Based on the survey results, embedded parts and positioning benchmarks were laid out in the predetermined circumferential area to provide precise positioning for the subsequent installation of each layer of the structure.

[0113] Step 2: Installation of the energy dissipation layer

[0114] The modular prefabricated components of the energy dissipation layer 2 are lowered to the seabed and secured to the embedded parts using high-strength bolt sets 5 via flange connectors 204. A combination of snap-fit ​​and bolt locking is used between modules to ensure rapid structural connection and the continuity of the multi-directional corrugated guide channels 203. Subsequently, multiple horizontal support columns 205 are radially connected to the island reef body 1 to further enhance overall stability.

[0115] Step 3: Installation of Active Energy Dissipation Layer

[0116] Between the energy dissipation layer 2 and the island reef body 1, a bubble generator 301 and a monitoring device 302 are arranged circumferentially. The bubble generator 301 is connected to the control unit via a wet-type pluggable watertight connector, enabling rapid installation and replacement in the underwater environment. The monitoring device 302 includes an acoustic sensor 3021 and a pressure sensor 3022, arranged circumferentially around the bubble generator 301, for real-time acquisition of explosion acoustic wave signals and shock wave pressure signals, and transmission to the control unit.

[0117] Step 4: Installation of Adaptive Damping Protection Structure

[0118] An adaptive damping structure 4 is deployed in the key area of ​​the island reef body 1. A pressure plate 401 directly bears the residual shock wave on its outermost side. Behind it, a primary quality-change damping structure 402 is installed. Behind the primary quality-change damping structure 402, another pressure plate is installed, and a secondary quantity-dissipation damping structure 403 is installed between this pressure plate and the reef body 1. The adaptive damping structure 4 is firmly bonded to the surface of the island reef through a biomimetic mussel protein adhesive layer 404. This adhesive layer can rapidly cure underwater, ensuring high-strength bonding and environmental friendliness.

[0119] It will be readily understood by those skilled in the art that, without conflict, the above-mentioned preferred solutions can be freely combined and superimposed.

[0120] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A multi-layered composite protection and energy dissipation system for resisting underwater explosions on islands and reefs, characterized in that, include: The island / reef itself; An energy dissipation layer is arranged circumferentially around the outer periphery of the island reef body at predetermined intervals. The energy dissipation layer includes an elastic energy-absorbing part and an energy-dispersing skeleton. The elastic energy-absorbing part is disposed on the outer side of the energy dissipation layer and is adapted to absorb the initial energy of the explosion shock wave. The energy-dispersing skeleton is disposed on the inner side of the energy dissipation layer and is fixedly connected to the elastic energy-absorbing part, and is adapted to disperse the initial energy of the shock wave. An active energy dissipation layer is circumferentially disposed between the energy dissipation layer and the island reef body. The active energy dissipation layer includes an early warning system and multiple bubble generating devices. The early warning system is associated with the multiple bubble generating devices. The early warning system is adapted to monitor underwater explosion signals and trigger the multiple bubble generating devices to release bubbles to form a bubble curtain. The bubble curtain is adapted to dissipate the remaining energy passing through the energy dissipation layer.

2. The multi-layer composite protection and energy dissipation system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The bottom of the energy dissipation layer is fixed deep into the seabed, and the layer body is fixed by multiple radially arranged horizontal support columns. One end of each of the multiple horizontal support columns is fixedly connected to the energy dissipation layer, and the other end is fixedly connected to the island reef body.

3. The multi-layer composite protection and energy dissipation system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The elastic energy-absorbing part is made of a superelastic polyurethane-carbon nanotube composite material; and / or, the energy dispersing skeleton is a honeycomb titanium alloy skeleton; and / or, the bubble generating device is an air pump, and a plurality of the air pumps are arranged in a ring array between the energy dissipation layer and the island reef body.

4. The multi-layer composite protection and energy dissipation system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The elastic energy-absorbing part is provided with a multi-directional corrugated guide groove on the side away from the energy-dispersing skeleton, which is suitable for guiding the shock wave to spread in a non-vertical direction.

5. The multi-layer composite protection and energy dissipation system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The early warning system includes: The monitoring device is arranged circumferentially around the outer periphery of the island reef body to collect and transmit the acoustic wave signal and / or shock wave pressure signal of the underwater explosion in real time. The control unit, coupled to the monitoring device and the plurality of bubble generating devices, is used to analyze and determine the explosion intensity based on the signal transmitted by the monitoring device, and to control the plurality of bubble generating devices to release a predetermined number of bubbles at a specific rate to form a bubble curtain of a specific size and density distribution based on the current intensity.

6. The multi-layer composite protection and energy dissipation system according to claim 5, characterized in that, The monitoring device includes acoustic sensors arranged circumferentially around the periphery of multiple bubble generators, suitable for real-time acquisition of acoustic signals from underwater explosions and transmission of these signals to a control unit; and / or, The monitoring device includes a pressure sensor arranged circumferentially around the periphery of multiple bubble generating devices, which is suitable for real-time acquisition of the shock wave pressure signal of underwater explosion and transmission of the signal to the control unit.

7. The multi-layer composite protection and energy dissipation system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The multi-layered composite protection and energy dissipation system also includes an adaptive damping protection structure, which is arranged circumferentially on the outer surface of the island reef body, and is suitable for suppressing residual energy passing through the energy dissipation layer and the active energy dissipation layer.

8. The multi-layer composite protection and energy dissipation system according to claim 7, characterized in that, The adaptive damping protection structure includes: Two pressure plates are arranged opposite each other along the outer surface of the island reef body; A primary quality change damping structure is fixedly installed between the two bearing plates and is suitable for undergoing a liquid-solid phase change when subjected to impact in order to absorb and dissipate impact energy. A two-stage damping structure is installed between one of the pressure plates and the island reef body. One end of the structure is fixedly connected to one of the pressure plates, and the other end is fixedly connected to the island reef body. It is suitable for generating damping force when subjected to impact.

9. The multi-layer composite protection and energy dissipation system according to claim 8, characterized in that, The primary-level qualitative change damping structure comprises a honeycomb rubber core and a shear-thickening fluid filled within the core, wherein the shear-thickening fluid is adapted to transition from a liquid state to a near-solid state upon impact; and / or, The secondary damping structure is a viscous damper. The telescopic end of the viscous damper is fixedly connected to one of the pressure plates, and the fixed end is fixedly connected to the island reef body.

10. A method for installing a multi-layer composite protection and energy dissipation system according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: On-site survey and layout: A three-dimensional model of the bottom of the island reef is established using underwater surveying methods, and embedded parts and positioning benchmarks are set up at the predetermined ring positions; Energy dissipation layer installation: The energy dissipation layer module is hoisted to the seabed and fixed to the embedded parts with high-strength bolts through flange connectors; Active energy dissipation layer installation: Multiple bubble generators and monitoring devices are circumferentially arranged between the energy dissipation layer and the island reef body. The bubble generators are connected to the early warning system through cable pipes. Installation of adaptive damping protection structure: An adaptive damping protection structure is installed on the surface of the island reef body. The pressure plate is placed on the outermost side to directly bear the residual impact. A first-level quality change damping structure is set behind it. A pressure plate is also set behind the first-level quality change damping structure. A second-level quantity loss damping structure is set between the pressure plate and the reef body. The adaptive damping protection structure is fixed by an adhesive layer.

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