Photocatalysis-biological membrane synergistic type ecological floating bed system based on solar driving and application of photocatalysis-biological membrane synergistic type ecological floating bed system

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of water ecological restoration, and particularly relates to a photocatalysis-biological membrane synergistic type ecological floating bed system based on solar energy driving and application of the photocatalysis-biological membrane synergistic type ecological floating bed system. The ecological floating bed system comprises a floating bed module, a biofilm carrier module, a photocatalysis module, an aeration module and a power supply module. The carbon fiber substrate, the photocatalyst and the UV-LED lamp irradiation structure are adopted, all-day work is achieved through sunlight in the daytime and UV-LED lamps at night, the photocatalyst loaded on the carbon fiber substrate is activated, oxidation groups are generated, degradation of organic pollutants is promoted, algae are efficiently controlled, and pollutants such as algal toxin are degraded. Oxygen supply of the aeration module is enhanced, and the biological membrane nitration reaction is promoted. The composite filler in the planting basket adopts the layout of ceramsite-volcanic rock-manganese ore, so that the functions of physical adsorption, ion exchange and electron transfer are synchronously realized; after the composite filler adsorbs pollutants, in-situ regeneration can be realized through aeration disturbance and microbial metabolism; all the modules cooperate to improve the pollutant removal efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of water ecological restoration technology, specifically relating to a solar-driven photocatalytic-biofilm synergistic ecological floating bed system and its application. Background Technology

[0002] Ecological floating bed technology is a biological treatment technology that removes pollutants such as nitrogen and phosphorus from water bodies through the adsorption and absorption of plant roots, thereby achieving the goal of water treatment and protecting the aquatic ecological environment. The basic structure of an ecological floating bed can be divided into a frame, bed body, filler material, and plants. The frame and bed body are generally made of plastic materials to provide buoyancy; the filler material is mainly used to fix the plants and adsorb pollutants; the plants are generally emergent plants. Traditional ecological floating beds are single-function floating beds, integrating only the absorption of plants and the adsorption of filler material, and generally suffer from limited degradation efficiency of organic pollutants (COD removal rate of only 40%–60%).

[0003] The related technology discloses an integrated water remediation device combining photocatalytic oxidation and ecological restoration. The device has a highly buoyant carrier positioned horizontally in the middle, with a solar panel located at the center of this carrier. Transparent plastic plates surround the carrier, and a titanium dioxide visible light catalyst film is adhered to these plates, forming a visible light photocatalytic oxidation system. While this integrated water remediation device utilizes visible light to enhance ecological restoration capabilities, it still suffers from low efficiency in removing organic pollutants. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of this, the purpose of this invention is to provide a solar-driven photocatalytic-biofilm synergistic ecological floating bed system. The ecological floating bed system of this invention has high efficiency in removing organic pollutants.

[0005] This invention provides a solar-driven photocatalytic-biofilm synergistic ecological floating bed system, comprising a floating bed module, a biofilm carrier module, a photocatalytic module, an aeration module, and a power supply module;

[0006] The floating bed module includes a support frame composed of HDPE floats 1, and a plastic floating bed 2 set inside the support frame; the plastic floating bed 2 is provided with a number of planting basket holes; planting baskets 3 are set inside the planting basket holes, and multi-layer composite fillers are set inside the planting baskets 3 and emergent plants are planted; the multi-layer composite fillers are composed of bio-ceramic granules, volcanic rock and manganese ore from bottom to top.

[0007] The biofilm carrier module includes several bio-ropes 8 suspended below the floating bed module;

[0008] The photocatalytic module is vertically arranged around the lower edge of the floating bed module and includes a reflector 6, a UV-LED lamp 5 and a carbon fiber photocatalytic layer 4 arranged sequentially from the side closest to the biofilm carrier module; the carbon fiber photocatalytic layer 4 includes a carbon fiber substrate and a photocatalyst loaded on the carbon fiber substrate.

[0009] The aeration module includes an aeration pump 10 disposed above the floating bed module and a microporous aeration pipe 7 horizontally disposed at the bottom of the ecological floating bed system;

[0010] The power supply module is located above the floating bed module and includes a photovoltaic panel 9, an energy storage battery, and a controller, which dynamically distributes electrical energy to the aeration pump 10 and the UV-LED lamp 5.

[0011] Preferably, the photocatalyst is a tea polyphenol-modified TiO2-silver-based composite material.

[0012] Preferably, the filling height of the multi-layer composite filler in the planting basket is 15-20cm; the volume percentage of the multi-layer composite filler is 25%-35% for bio-ceramic particles, 15%-25% for volcanic rock, and 45%-55% for manganese ore.

[0013] Preferably, the emergent plants include one or more of canna lilies, evergreen irises, and umbrella sedges.

[0014] Preferably, the spacing between the planting baskets is 30-50cm, and 4-9 emergent plants are planted per square meter.

[0015] Preferably, the plurality of biological ropes 8 form a hanging longitudinal curtain, with the suspension spacing of each biological rope being 12 to 18 cm.

[0016] Preferably, the UV-LED lamp 5 has a wavelength of 363–368 nm and a power density of not less than 50 mW / cm². 2 .

[0017] Preferably, the diameter of the bubbles formed by the microporous aeration tube 7 is no greater than 50 μm, the air-to-water ratio is 1:1.5 to 2.5, and the aeration rate is 2 to 3 m³ / s. 3 / h.

[0018] Preferably, the photovoltaic panel 9 is disposed in the middle area above the floating bed module, and the photovoltaic panel is disposed at a height of 30-100cm above the water surface.

[0019] The present invention also provides the application of the solar-driven photocatalytic-biofilm synergistic ecological floating bed system described above in the treatment of polluted water bodies.

[0020] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0021] This invention provides a solar-driven photocatalytic-biofilm synergistic ecological floating bed system, comprising a floating bed module, a biofilm carrier module, a photocatalytic module, an aeration module, and a power supply module. The invention employs a vertical irradiation structure consisting of a carbon fiber substrate, a photocatalyst, and UV-LED lamps. It can utilize sunlight directly during the day and UV-LED lamps at night for all-weather operation. The photocatalyst loaded on the carbon fiber substrate generates oxidized groups, promoting the degradation of organic pollutants, controlling harmful algal blooms, and efficiently degrading pollutants such as algal toxins (e.g., a degradation rate of ≥92% for microcystin-LR). Furthermore, the vertical arrangement of the photocatalytic module allows it to penetrate deep underwater, increasing penetration depth and ensuring sufficient contact. Vertical arrangement also facilitates external power supply connection compared to horizontal arrangement and reduces sediment accumulation on the UV-LED lamps. This invention employs an aeration module to enhance oxygen supply, generating micro-nano bubbles that can increase dissolved oxygen to 6-8 mg / L, promoting nitrification in the biofilm and increasing the ammonia nitrogen conversion rate by 40% compared to systems without micro-nano bubble enhancement. The composite packing material within the planting basket utilizes a gradient layout of "ceramsite-volcanic rock-manganese ore," simultaneously achieving physical adsorption, ion exchange, and electron transfer, thus enhancing microbial activity. After adsorbing pollutants, the composite packing material within the planting basket can achieve in-situ regeneration through aeration disturbance and microbial metabolism. The synergistic effect of the various modules in this ecological floating bed system solves the problem of low pollutant removal efficiency in current floating bed systems. Attached Figure Description

[0022] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0023] Figure 1 This is a top view of the overall structure of the ecological floating bed system of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional view of the ecological floating bed system of the present invention;

[0025] Attached reference numerals: 1-HDPE float; 2-plastic floating bed; 3-planting basket; 4-carbon fiber photocatalytic layer; 5-UV-LED lamp; 6-reflector; 7-microporous aeration pipe; 8-biological rope; 9-photovoltaic panel; 10-aeration pump. Detailed Implementation

[0026] This invention provides a solar-driven photocatalytic-biofilm synergistic ecological floating bed system, comprising a floating bed module, a biofilm carrier module, a photocatalytic module, an aeration module, and a power supply module;

[0027] The floating bed module includes a support frame composed of HDPE floats 1, and a plastic floating bed 2 set inside the support frame; the plastic floating bed 2 is provided with a number of planting basket holes; planting baskets 3 are set inside the planting basket holes, and multi-layer composite fillers are set inside the planting baskets 3 and emergent plants are planted; the multi-layer composite fillers are composed of bio-ceramic granules, volcanic rock and manganese ore from bottom to top.

[0028] The biofilm carrier module includes several bio-ropes 8 suspended below the floating bed module;

[0029] The photocatalytic module is vertically arranged around the lower edge of the floating bed module and includes a reflector 6, a UV-LED lamp 5 and a carbon fiber photocatalytic layer 4 arranged sequentially from the side closest to the biofilm carrier module; the carbon fiber photocatalytic layer 4 includes a carbon fiber substrate and a photocatalyst loaded on the carbon fiber substrate.

[0030] The aeration module includes an aeration pump 10 disposed above the floating bed module and a microporous aeration pipe 7 horizontally disposed at the bottom of the ecological floating bed system;

[0031] The power supply module is located above the floating bed module and includes a photovoltaic panel 9, an energy storage battery, and a controller, which dynamically distributes electrical energy to the aeration pump 10 and the UV-LED lamp 5.

[0032] Unless otherwise specified, all materials and equipment used in this invention are commercially available products in the field.

[0033] In this invention, the HDPE (high-density polyethylene) pontoon 1 constitutes the support frame of the floating bed, providing stability to the floating bed structure. The diameter of the HDPE pontoon is preferably 5-8 cm, specifically 7.5 cm.

[0034] In this invention, the plastic floating bed 2 is assembled from high-density polyethylene plastic modules, and its preferred dimensions are 2m × 2m × 0.06m (length × width × height). The high-density polyethylene plastic modules (assembly plates) serve as the carrier for supporting the planting baskets and provide the main buoyancy support.

[0035] In this invention, the filling height of the multi-layer composite filler in the planting basket is preferably 15-20 cm. The particle size of the bio-ceramic granules is preferably 3-5 mm, and the volume percentage of the bio-ceramic granules in the multi-layer composite filler is preferably 25%-35%, specifically 30%; the volume percentage of the volcanic rock in the multi-layer composite filler is preferably 15%-25%, specifically 20%; the volume percentage of the manganese ore in the multi-layer composite filler is preferably 45%-55%, specifically 50%; and the total filling density of the multi-layer composite filler is preferably 170-190 kg / m³. 3Specifically, it can be 180kg / m 3 .

[0036] In this invention, the planting basket is preferably a hollow structure to allow the plant roots to extend; the height of the planting basket is preferably 15-30cm, specifically 20cm.

[0037] In this invention, the spacing between the planting baskets is preferably 30-50cm, and preferably 4-9 emergent plants are planted per square meter.

[0038] In this invention, the emergent plants preferably include one or more of canna lilies, evergreen irises, and umbrella sedges, and the emergent plants are tall plants.

[0039] In this invention, the plurality of biological ropes 8 form a hanging longitudinal curtain, and the suspension spacing of each biological rope is preferably 12-18 cm, specifically 15 cm; the ends of the biological ropes are preferably fixed to the stainless steel support of the microporous aeration pipe network to prevent drift. The biological ropes are suitable for microbial enrichment, and after forming a biofilm, the microorganisms exert their effects. The thickness of the biofilm is preferably 0.1-3 mm, and the microorganisms on the biofilm are mainly Pseudomonas, Curvularia aeruginosa, Nitrifying Spirochetes, and Bacteroides.

[0040] In this invention, the carbon fiber substrate is preferably a carbon fiber woven mesh; the size of a single piece of the carbon fiber woven mesh is preferably 1.0m * 0.5m (0.5m is the depth into the water), and the thickness is preferably 5mm.

[0041] In this invention, the preferred loading density of the photocatalyst is 24–32 g / m³. 2 The photocatalyst is preferably a tea polyphenol-modified TiO2-silver-based composite material, which has continuous photocatalytic performance. The tea polyphenol-modified TiO2-silver-based composite material utilizes tea polyphenols to reduce and modify TiO2 and then supports it with silver phosphate. The preferred mass percentage of silver phosphate in the tea polyphenol-modified TiO2-silver-based composite material is 55%. The preferred method for preparing the tea polyphenol-modified TiO2-silver-based composite material includes the following steps: mixing and grinding 0.1g of tea polyphenols and 0.9g of P25, calcining the resulting mixture at 400℃ for 2h in a muffle furnace to obtain solid T-P25; dispersing 0.2g of solid T-P25 in 100mL of silver acetate solution with a concentration of 3g / L, sonicating for 30min, and then adding 4mL of Na2HPO4 solution with a concentration of 21.25g / L to form a light yellow T-P25 / Ag3PO4 solid, centrifuging and washing; and vacuum drying the washed solid at 60℃ for 12h to obtain the tea polyphenol-modified TiO2-silver-based composite material.

[0042] In this invention, the wavelength of the UV-LED lamp 5 is preferably 363-368nm, specifically 365nm, and the power density is preferably not less than 50mW / cm². 2 The UV-LED lamps are used to excite the photocatalytic reaction. The lamp tubes of the UV-LED lamps are preferably spaced 20cm apart, and the reflector is 1.5 times the length of the lamp tubes and 30cm wide to ensure that light can be uniformly reflected to the outermost carbon fiber photocatalytic layer.

[0043] In this invention, the reflector is preferably an aluminum reflector with a certain curvature, specifically a bending radius of 50 cm and a reflection angle range of 30° to 60°, to effectively reflect the light emitted by the UV-LED lamp. The spacing between adjacent components of the reflector 6, UV-LED lamp 5, and carbon fiber photocatalytic layer 4 is 10 to 20 cm.

[0044] In this invention, the aeration pump is preferably a floating micro-nano aeration pump, which is positioned above the floating bed module.

[0045] In this invention, the microporous aeration pipe 7 forms a microporous aeration network at the bottom of the floating bed system and is fixed by a 304 stainless steel bracket; the microporous aeration network is preferably located 1m below the floating bed module. The microporous aeration pipe 7 is preferably a microporous rubber hose, and the pore size of the microporous rubber hose is preferably ≤50μm; micro-nano bubbles are formed through the microporous aeration pipe 7 to improve the dissolved oxygen level. The diameter of the bubbles formed by the microporous aeration pipe 7 is preferably no greater than 50μm, specifically 30-50μm; the air-to-water ratio is preferably 1:1.5-2.5, specifically 1:2; and the aeration rate is preferably 2-3m³ / h. 3 / h, specifically 2.5m 3 / h.

[0046] In this invention, the power supply module is preferably located above the floating bed module and includes a photovoltaic panel, an energy storage battery, and a controller. The function of the power supply module is to dynamically distribute electrical energy to other devices, such as aeration pumps and UV-LED lamps.

[0047] In this invention, the photovoltaic panel 9 is preferably a monocrystalline silicon photovoltaic panel; the photovoltaic panel is preferably disposed in the middle area above the floating bed module, and the placement height of the photovoltaic panel is preferably 30-100cm above the water surface to avoid interference with other components and to achieve better light reception. The power supply module supports automatic switching of energy supply mode between day and night, prioritizing direct solar power supply during the day and switching to energy storage mode at night.

[0048] In this invention, the size of the photovoltaic panel is configured according to the size of the floating bed module and the required power generation, and the area of ​​the photovoltaic panel is preferably no more than 1 / 5 of the area of ​​the floating bed module.

[0049] In this invention, the energy storage battery is preferably a lithium iron phosphate battery pack.

[0050] The present invention also provides the application of the solar-driven photocatalytic-biofilm synergistic ecological floating bed system described above in the treatment of polluted water bodies.

[0051] In this invention, the polluted water body preferably includes aquaculture ponds, rivers or lakes; the polluted water body is preferably a water body polluted by high concentrations of organic matter and nutrients affected by algal blooms.

[0052] The ecological floating bed system provided by this invention is a modular system integrating an ecological floating bed, planting basket composite filler, suspended biofilm carrier, bottom aeration network, photocatalytic reaction layer, and solar power supply. It is suitable for water purification and ecological regulation in scenarios such as aquaculture and river management. This ecological floating bed system is a comprehensive system combining plant adsorption, filler, photocatalysis, and micro-nano aeration, which can improve pollutant removal efficiency. The bio-rope is suitable for microbial enrichment, forming a biofilm, and the microbial activity is enhanced through micro-nano aeration without the addition of exogenous materials, thus avoiding secondary pollution. The photocatalytic light source is designed to function both during the day and at night, ensuring photocatalytic reaction efficiency. This invention uses a modular design method, especially utilizing micro-nano aeration to enhance the effects of plants, microorganisms, and photocatalytic reactions, forming a system module that strengthens the reaction.

[0053] To further illustrate the present invention, the solar-driven photocatalytic-biofilm synergistic ecological floating bed system and its applications provided by the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. However, these descriptions should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0054] In this embodiment of the invention, the photocatalyst used is a tea polyphenol-modified TiO2-silver-based composite material, and the preparation method includes the following steps:

[0055] Tea polyphenols (0.1 g) and 0.9 g P25 were mixed and ground. The resulting mixture was calcined in a muffle furnace at 400 °C for 2 h, and this solid was labeled T-P25. 0.2 g of T-P25 was dispersed in 100 mL of silver acetate solution (3 g / L), sonicated for 30 min, and then 4 mL of Na2HPO4 solution (21.25 g / L) was added dropwise to form a light yellow T-P25 / Ag3PO4 solid, which was then centrifuged and washed. The washed solid was vacuum dried at 60 °C for 12 h to obtain the tea polyphenol-modified TiO2-silver-based composite material.

[0056] Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1-2 verify the enhancing effect of packing materials and micro / nano aeration on the floating bed system.

[0057] A micro-nano aeration-filler floating bed system was constructed to simultaneously remove nitrogen, phosphorus, and antibiotics (sulfamethoxazole): the initial total nitrogen concentration was 16.8 mg / L, the total phosphorus concentration was 1.9 mg / L, and the sulfamethoxazole concentration was 1 mg / L.

[0058] The micro-nano aeration-manganese ore filler-canna floating bed composite water purification system consists of a floating support structure, planting baskets, a filler layer, an aquatic plant layer, and a micro-nano aeration device. Nine plastic boxes were set up for the experiment, each containing 120L of prepared polluted water. Each plastic box contained a high-density foam board measuring 60*50*5cm, with two planting holes on each board. Planting baskets were installed in these baskets, with the filler material filling to a height of 15cm. One canna lily was planted in each basket.

[0059] The experiment was set up with three treatments, and each treatment had three parallel experiments:

[0060] In Comparative Example 1, the packing layer was manganese ore, and no micro-nano aeration was performed (Control Group A: Canna lily floating bed);

[0061] In Comparative Example 2, the packing layer was manganese ore, and micro-nano aeration was performed (Aeration Group B: Canna lily floating bed + micro-nano aeration);

[0062] In Example 1, the packing layer is a multi-layer composite packing. The bottom layer is bio-ceramic granules, accounting for 30% of the volume; the middle layer is volcanic rock, accounting for 20% of the volume; and the top layer is manganese ore, accounting for 50% of the volume. Micro-nano aeration (C-aeration + packing group: canna lily floating bed + micro-nano aeration + combined packing) is implemented. The micro-nano aeration bubble diameter is 30-50 μm, the air-to-water ratio is 1:2, and the aeration rate is 2.5 m³ / h. 3 / h, connected to an aeration pump via a pipe, releases micro-nano bubbles in the water.

[0063] The experiment lasted for 18 days, with samples taken every 3 days.

[0064] Example 1 demonstrates how micro-nano aeration coupled with composite packing enhances the simultaneous removal efficiency of nitrogen, phosphorus, and antibiotics in water using floating bed technology. In Group C, the dissolved oxygen concentration reached a maximum of 12 mg / L, achieving a removal rate of 75.91% for total nitrogen, 81.47% for total phosphorus, 12.64% for chlorophyll, and 91.25% for the antibiotic sulfamethoxazole.

[0065] Comparative Example 2 showed a total nitrogen removal rate of 71.03%, a total phosphorus removal rate of 70.28%, a chlorophyll a removal rate of 10.95%, and a sulfamethoxazole removal rate of 62.45%.

[0066] Comparative Example 1, with its simple floating bed system, achieved a total nitrogen removal rate of 67.95% and a total phosphorus removal rate of 59.62% in the water. However, the chlorophyll a concentration increased by 161.24% relative to the initial concentration, and the removal rate of the antibiotic sulfamethoxazole in the water was 46.34%. Compared to the floating bed system in Example 1, the removal rates of total nitrogen, total phosphorus, chlorophyll a, and sulfamethoxazole were significantly reduced (p<0.05).

[0067] Example 2

[0068] Constructing an in-situ treatment system for aquaculture ponds: The pond area is 100m² 2 The depth is 1-1.2m, and 300 crucian carp are raised there, fed 3000g per day. The system consists of micro-nano aeration + composite filler + photocatalytic system + biological rope + canna lily floating bed system, and its overall structure is composed of plastic floats and HDPE floats.

[0069] The floating bed is constructed from assembled plastic modules, measuring 3m x 3m x 0.06m (length x width x height). It has several planting holes for planting baskets, each containing a multi-layered composite filler to a height of 20cm. The bottom layer consists of bio-ceramic granules, the middle layer of volcanic rock, and the top layer of manganese ore, with volume percentages of 30%, 20%, and 50% respectively. The total filling density is 180kg / m³. 3 The roots of canna lilies are interwoven within the system, forming a highly efficient purification medium. A carbon fiber-supported photocatalytic layer is vertically installed around the perimeter of the system. This layer is composed of multiple photocatalytic sheets, each measuring 1m x 50cm. The catalytic material is a visible-light-responsive tea polyphenol-modified TiO2 / silver-based composite with a loading of 2.8 mg / cm³. 2 The UV-LED lamps are spaced 20cm apart. The reflector is 1.5 times the total length of the lamps, 30cm wide, with a bending radius of approximately 50cm, and a reflection angle ranging from 30° to 60°. Curtain-style biological ropes are suspended longitudinally along the bottom of the floating bed, with each rope spaced 15cm apart. A micro-nano aeration device is placed 1m below the floating bed at the bottom of the pond, with bubble diameters of 30-50μm, an air-to-water ratio of 1:2, and an aeration rate of 2.5m³ / h. 3 / h. The energy consumption of the photocatalytic system and aeration system is provided by 1*1m photovoltaic panels arranged above the floating bed. The area of ​​the photovoltaic panels is determined based on the total energy consumption of the system, and the coverage area is 1m². 2 .

[0070] In Example 2, after 5 months of system operation, the concentrations of chlorophyll a, TN (total nitrogen), TP (total phosphorus), ammonia nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, nitrite nitrogen, and COD in the treated pond were 0.032 mg / L, 1.310 mg / L, 0.174 mg / L, 0.198 mg / L, 0.252 mg / L, 0.015 mg / L, and 15.667 mg / L, respectively. In contrast, the concentrations of these pollutants in the untreated control pond were 0.137 mg / L, 2.662 mg / L, 0.272 mg / L, 0.490 mg / L, 0.999 mg / L, 0.068 mg / L, and 45.000 mg / L, respectively. The pollutant concentrations in the treated pond decreased by 76.9%, 50.8%, 36.2%, 59.7%, 74.8%, 77.6%, and 65.2% compared to the control pond (feeding during operation increased pollutants in the aquaculture water).

[0071] This invention relates to a solar-driven photocatalytic-biofilm synergistic ecological floating bed system, which offers significant advantages in treatment efficiency and system design compared to existing integrated water remediation devices combining photocatalytic oxidation and ecological restoration (CN104250057A). In CN104250057A, the ecological floating bed system primarily relies on natural photocatalysis and natural biofilm degradation. However, titanium dioxide has a weak visible light response, leading to low photocatalytic efficiency. Furthermore, the aeration system uses ordinary large-bubble aeration, which has a poor effect on enhancing biofilm treatment, resulting in a COD removal rate of only 40%–60% and a nitrogen removal rate of only 30%–60%.

[0072] This invention introduces a synergistic treatment technology combining photocatalysis with micro-nano aeration enhanced by a solar-powered light source and biofilm, achieving energy self-sufficiency and highly efficient pollution removal. It avoids dependence on external light sources and reduces maintenance difficulty through modular design, adapting to various water quality environments. Micro-nano aeration has significant advantages over ordinary aeration (bubble diameter 2-5 mm). The small-diameter bubbles (30-50 micrometers) it generates have a larger specific surface area and longer residence time, more effectively dissolving oxygen and increasing the dissolved oxygen concentration in the water. This not only enhances microbial metabolism and nitrification in the biofilm but also improves the contact between the photocatalyst and pollutants, increasing photocatalytic efficiency. The synergistic effect of micro-nano aeration with photocatalysis and biofilm significantly improves water purification efficiency. Test results show that the nitrogen removal rate of this invention is stable at 50%-80%, and the COD removal rate can reach over 60%. This invention not only significantly improves pollution removal efficiency but also has significant advantages in energy utilization, system stability, and maintenance costs, demonstrating practical application value.

[0073] This invention integrates a vertical photocatalytic layer, a suspended biofilm carrier, a directional aeration network, and intelligent photovoltaic power supply into a modular system for the synergistic purification of the nitrogen-phosphorus-organic matter complex pollution system in aquaculture ponds. Combining photocatalytic oxidation with micro-nano aeration and oxygen supply, this invention can address high concentrations of ammonia nitrogen and algal toxin pollution. The aeration system of this invention can be powered by solar energy, achieving dynamic energy distribution with the photocatalytic module and solving the problem of a sharp drop in system efficiency during periods of insufficient sunlight.

[0074] Although the above embodiments have provided a detailed description of the present invention, they are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. People can obtain other embodiments based on the present invention without creative effort, and these embodiments all fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A solar-driven photocatalytic-biofilm synergistic ecological floating bed system, characterized in that, It includes a floating bed module, a biofilm carrier module, a photocatalysis module, an aeration module, and a power supply module; The floating bed module includes a support frame made of HDPE floats (1) and a plastic floating bed (2) set inside the support frame; the plastic floating bed (2) is provided with a number of planting basket holes; planting baskets (3) are set inside the planting basket holes, and multi-layer composite fillers are set inside the planting baskets (3) and emergent plants are planted; the multi-layer composite fillers are composed of bio-ceramic granules, volcanic rock and manganese ore from bottom to top; The biofilm carrier module includes several bio-ropes (8) suspended below the floating bed module; The photocatalytic module is vertically arranged around the lower edge of the floating bed module, including a reflector (6), a UV-LED lamp (5), and a carbon fiber photocatalytic layer (4) arranged sequentially from the side closest to the biofilm carrier module; the carbon fiber photocatalytic layer (4) includes a carbon fiber substrate and a photocatalyst loaded on the carbon fiber substrate; The aeration module includes an aeration pump (10) disposed above the floating bed module and a microporous aeration pipe (7) horizontally disposed at the bottom of the ecological floating bed system; The power supply module is located above the floating bed module and includes a photovoltaic panel (9), an energy storage battery and a controller, which dynamically distributes electrical energy to the aeration pump (10) and UV-LED lamp (5).

2. The ecological floating bed system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The photocatalyst is a tea polyphenol-modified TiO2-silver-based composite material.

3. The ecological floating bed system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The filling height of the multi-layer composite filler in the planting basket is 15-20cm; the volume ratio of the multi-layer composite filler is 25%-35% for bio-ceramic particles, 15%-25% for volcanic rock, and 45%-55% for manganese ore.

4. The ecological floating bed system according to claim 1 or 3, characterized in that, The emergent plants include one or more of canna lilies, evergreen irises, and umbrella sedges.

5. The ecological floating bed system according to claim 4, characterized in that, The planting baskets are spaced 30-50cm apart, and 4-9 emergent plants are planted per square meter.

6. The ecological floating bed system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The aforementioned biological ropes (8) form a hanging longitudinal curtain, with the hanging spacing of each biological rope being 12-18cm.

7. The ecological floating bed system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The UV-LED lamp (5) has a wavelength of 363–368 nm and a power density of not less than 50 mW / cm². 2 .

8. The ecological floating bed system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The microporous aeration tube (7) forms bubbles with a diameter not exceeding 50 μm, an air-to-water ratio of 1:1.5–2.5, and an aeration rate of 2–3 m³ / s. 3 / h.

9. The ecological floating bed system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The photovoltaic panel (9) is set in the middle area above the floating bed module, and the photovoltaic panel is set at a height of 30-100cm above the water surface.

10. The application of the solar-driven photocatalytic-biofilm synergistic ecological floating bed system according to any one of claims 1 to 9 in the treatment of polluted water bodies.

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