Beneficial complex microbial inoculant powder, special bio-organic fertilizer for early rice and preparation method of special bio-organic fertilizer
By preparing a special bio-organic fertilizer for early rice containing specific microorganisms, the problems of poor soil carbon sequestration and fertilization and limited function in existing technologies have been solved. This has improved soil fertility retention and supply, as well as microbial diversity, thus promoting high rice yield and soil health.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202511026843.3
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-07-24
- Publication Date
- 2025-11-25
AI Technical Summary
Existing bio-organic fertilizers, under the double-cropping rice rotation model, have insufficient utilization of the specific functional microorganisms that decompose exogenous organic materials, resulting in poor soil carbon sequestration and fertilization effects. It is difficult to simultaneously improve crop yield, soil fertility, and farmland ecological functions, and there are few special products for the ecological environment of early rice.
Beneficial compound microbial agent powder, including iron-oxidizing bacteria, ammonia-oxidizing bacteria, thiobacillus, and Pseudomonas, is used to prepare bio-organic fertilizer for early rice. The powder is prepared by shaking incubation and sterilization and cooling treatment, combined with composting of organic materials, to produce beneficial microbial compound microbial agent powder. Antagonistic microbial activity inhibitors are added, and the product is then granulated in a drum to produce bio-organic fertilizer for early rice.
It significantly improves the soil's ability to retain and supply nutrients, enhances the abundance and diversity of soil bacterial and microbial communities, increases the rate of nutrient cycling, maintains high rice yield and soil quality index, and improves soil health.
Smart Images
Figure CN121006290A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention relates to the field of bio-organic fertilizer technology, specifically to a beneficial compound microbial agent powder, a bio-organic fertilizer for early rice, and its preparation method. Background Technology
[0002] Double-cropping rice rotation is an effective measure to fully utilize land and solar resources and alleviate competition for land among seasonal crops in different regions. In recent years, the long-term intensive and excessive application of chemical fertilizers under this planting model has led to increased fertilizer use without increased yield, and may even cause a decline in crop yield and quality. At the same time, it also causes resource waste, agricultural non-point source pollution, and obstacles such as soil acidification, secondary salinization, and accumulation of reducing harmful substances, resulting in a gradual deterioration of soil health and ecological function, affecting food security and high-quality agricultural development.
[0003] To improve soil fertility, a large amount of straw is directly returned to the field under the double-cropping rice rotation model. However, this has drawbacks such as slow decomposition, low carbon sequestration efficiency, serious pests and diseases, and negative impact on the growth of subsequent crops. Studies have shown that after 30 consecutive years of straw return to the field, the organic carbon content only increased by 0.3 percentage points, indicating that the effect of direct straw return for soil fertilization is not ideal. Bio-organic fertilizer refers to a type of fertilizer that combines the effects of microbial fertilizer and organic fertilizer, using specific functional microorganisms and agricultural and forestry waste as raw materials, and undergoing harmless treatment and composting. It can effectively improve the physical, chemical, and microbial properties of the soil, enhancing its water retention, fertilizer retention, and nutrient supply capabilities. Furthermore, its specific functional microorganisms (promoting and antagonistic bacteria) form a symbiotic relationship with soil microorganisms after entering the soil. Beneficial bacteria produce a large number of metabolites during their growth and reproduction, promoting the decomposition and transformation of organic matter. This directly or indirectly provides crops with various nutrients and stimulating substances, promoting and regulating crop growth; it also inhibits the growth of harmful bacteria and transforms them into beneficial bacteria, creating a mutually beneficial interaction.
[0004] Therefore, the research and application of specialized bio-organic fertilizers are key measures to ensure soil health, achieve high-yield and high-quality crops, and enhance farmland ecological functions. However, existing bio-organic fertilizers have the following shortcomings: First, the specific functional microorganisms that decompose exogenous organic materials have not been sufficiently explored and utilized, resulting in poor soil carbon sequestration and fertilization effects after application. Second, although there are many bio-organic fertilizer products prepared mainly from crop straw, it is difficult to simultaneously improve crop yield, soil fertility, and farmland ecological functions, resulting in relatively singular functions. Third, there are relatively few specialized bio-organic fertilizer products for the unique ecological environment of early rice. Summary of the Invention
[0005] The present invention provides a beneficial compound microbial agent powder, a special bio-organic fertilizer for early rice, and a method for preparing the same, aiming to solve the problems existing in the above-mentioned background technology.
[0006] To achieve the above-mentioned technical objectives, the present invention mainly adopts the following technical solutions:
[0007] In a first aspect, the present invention discloses a beneficial compound microbial agent powder, which, by mass fraction, comprises 40-50% *Sideroxydans*, 15-25% *MND1*, 15-25% *Thiobacillus*, and 5-10% *Pseudomonas*.
[0008] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the *Sideroxydans* bacterium is selected from *Thiobacillus ferrooxidans*, the *MND1* bacterium is selected from *Nitrosomonas* cluster 7, cluster 3a, or cluster 3b, the *Thiobacillus* bacterium is selected from *Halothiobacillus*, and the *Pseudomonas* bacterium is selected from *Pseudomonas aeruginosa*.
[0009] Secondly, this invention discloses the application of a beneficial compound microbial agent powder as described in the first aspect in promoting crop yield, reducing soil acidity, and enhancing the ecological function of farmland.
[0010] Thirdly, this invention discloses the application of the beneficial compound microbial agent powder as described in the first aspect in the preparation of early rice-specific bio-organic fertilizer.
[0011] Fourthly, this invention discloses a method for preparing a beneficial compound microbial agent powder as described in the first aspect, comprising the following steps:
[0012] (1) The beneficial microbial strains of Sideroxydans, MND1, Thiobacillus and Pseudomonas were inoculated onto beef extract peptone solid medium in sequence and cultured on a shaker to prepare a beneficial microbial complex culture solution.
[0013] (2) After sterilizing and cooling the composted organic material, inoculate it with a culture solution of beneficial microorganisms and culture it to obtain an organic substrate loaded with beneficial microorganisms.
[0014] (3) After crushing the organic base material, a beneficial compound microbial agent powder is obtained.
[0015] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step (1), the conditions for the shaker culture are: 30°C, 120 r / min shaker culture for 12 h; the viable count in the obtained beneficial microbial compound culture solution is not less than 1 × 10⁻⁶. 8 / ml.
[0016] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step (2), the sterilization conditions are: sterilization at 121°C for 40-45 min; the culture conditions are: culture at 35-40°C for 8-10 h.
[0017] Fifthly, this invention discloses a special bio-organic fertilizer for early rice, comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 60-70 parts of composted organic material, 10-15 parts of diatomaceous earth, 8-10 parts of activated carbon, 5-8 parts of beneficial compound microbial agent powder, and 2-3 parts of antagonistic microbial activity inhibitor; wherein the beneficial compound microbial agent powder is the beneficial compound microbial agent powder as described in claim 1 or 2.
[0018] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the antagonistic microbial activity inhibitor is selected from one or more of 2-chloro-6-trichloromethylpyridine, n-butylthiophosphoric triamine, and N-propylphosphoric triamine.
[0019] In a sixth aspect, the present invention discloses a method for preparing a special bio-organic fertilizer for early rice as described in the fifth aspect. The method involves weighing composted organic materials, diatomaceous earth, activated carbon, beneficial compound bacterial agent powder, and antagonistic microbial activity inhibitors in proportion, and preparing the special bio-organic fertilizer for early rice by drum granulation, sphericalization, drying, and sieving.
[0020] In this invention, the composted organic material is preferably the organic material obtained from composting crop straw and / or cow manure.
[0021] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
[0022] The organic fertilizer for early rice prepared using the beneficial compound microbial agent powder of the present invention can significantly improve the soil's ability to retain and supply nutrients, thereby increasing the soil pH value; significantly increase the abundance of soil bacterial microbial communities, significantly increase the microbial diversity index of bacteria such as Chao1 and Shannon, thereby leading to a faster nutrient cycling rate; effectively enhance the activity of soil soluble organic carbon, microbial biomass carbon, and nitrogen cycle-related enzymes, and maintain a high rice yield and soil quality index. Attached Figure Description
[0023] Figure 1 Correlation diagram of rice yield and soil quality index under various organic fertilization modes;
[0024] Figure 2The correlation between rice yield and soil quality index and farmland ecological function diversity index;
[0025] Figure 3 Heatmap analysis of soil microorganisms and soil physicochemical properties, microbial community structure and farmland ecological function diversity. Detailed Implementation
[0026] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings to provide a better understanding of the technical solution.
[0027] Example 1: Screening of Beneficial Compound Microbial Agent Powder
[0028] Taking a long-term field experiment on organic fertilization in rice-growing areas of southern China as an example, the experiment included six treatments: no fertilization (CK), chemical fertilizer alone (NPK), chemical fertilizer combined with bio-organic fertilizer (NPK+OF), chemical fertilizer combined with straw and pig manure (NPK+ST), chemical fertilizer combined with biochar (NPK+BC), and chemical fertilizer combined with soil conditioner (NPK+SC). Indicators such as paddy field productivity (yield), soil quality, microbial community structure and diversity, and paddy field ecological function diversity index were measured. The results are shown in Table 1. A significant positive correlation was found between rice yield and soil quality index and farmland ecological function diversity index. Figure 1 , Figure 2 As shown; furthermore, principal component analysis and heatmap analysis were used to screen for specific microbial communities that were significantly positively or negatively correlated with crop yield, soil quality index, microbial developmental diversity, and farmland ecological function diversity index. In this example, it was found that the NPK+OF and NPK+ST treatment groups increased the abundance of eutrophic Proteobacteria while inhibiting the abundance of oligotrophic Nitrosospira; and the abundance of Proteobacteria in paddy fields was significantly positively correlated with DOC, PDb, EMF, or SQI index, while the opposite was true for Nitrosospira. Figure 3 As shown. Further analysis revealed that the Proteobacteria phylum mainly includes four beneficial microbial species: *Thiobacillus ferrooxidans* (specifically, *Thiobacillus ferrooxidans*), *Nitrosomonas* (specifically, *Nitrosomonas* cluster 7, cluster 3a, or cluster 3b), *Thiobacillus* (specifically, *Halothiobacillus*), and *Pseudomonas* (specifically, *Pseudomonas aeruginosa*); while the Nitrospira phylum is mainly composed of *Nitrospira*.
[0029] Table 1
[0030]
[0031]
[0032] In this embodiment, Proteobacteria, as the dominant phylum in the soil microbial community, showed a significant increase in abundance under the conditions of bio-organic fertilizer and decomposed straw + pig manure treatment. This may be due to the following three reasons:
[0033] 1) Nutritional advantages of eutrophic microorganisms: When applying bio-organic fertilizer or decomposed straw + pig manure, these organic materials directly introduce large amounts of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), easily decomposable organic matter, and nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients into the soil. Proteobacteria are typical eutrophic microorganisms, whose growth and reproduction are highly dependent on abundant organic carbon sources and nutrient supply. Bio-organic fertilizer or decomposed straw + pig manure treatment significantly increases the ratio of eutrophic to oligotrophic microorganisms in the soil, allowing Proteobacteria to exhibit a growth rate advantage and competitive proliferation in resource-rich environments.
[0034] 2) Carbon Source Utilization and Community Building Mechanisms: The Proteobacteria phylum contains numerous genera with multifunctional metabolic capabilities (such as Gamma-Proteobacteria and Alpha-Proteobacteria), enabling them to efficiently utilize complex organic carbon sources. These subgroups of Proteobacteria significantly improve soil carbon use efficiency by decomposing macromolecular carbon sources such as cellulose and hemicellulose in organic materials. Simultaneously, the input of organic materials alters the rhizosphere microenvironment, stimulating plant roots to secrete more low-molecular-weight exudates such as sugars and organic acids. These exudates, as preferred carbon sources for Proteobacteria, further promote their proliferation.
[0035] 3) Improved Microenvironment and Enhanced Community Stability: The input of organic materials improves the soil's physical structure and chemical properties, creating a more suitable microenvironment for the colonization of Proteobacteria. Long-term field trials show that the combined application of pig manure and straw significantly reduces soil bulk density (by 6.68%) and increases porosity and water-holding capacity. This structural optimization promotes oxygen diffusion, and since Proteobacteria has a high proportion of aerobic and facultative anaerobic bacteria, their abundance increases with improved aeration. Furthermore, organic management reshapes the microbial interaction network. Under the model of reducing chemical fertilizer use and applying organic fertilizer, the phylogenetic diversity and network complexity of the bacterial community are significantly improved, enhancing the niche stability of Proteobacteria as a core group.
[0036] The abundance of Nitrospirae, a typical oligotrophic microorganism, decreased under the conditions of bio-organic fertilizer and decomposed straw + pig manure treatment. This may be due to the following three reasons:
[0037] 1) Imbalance between nutrient competition and metabolic strategies: Nitrifying spirilla, as chemoautotrophic microorganisms, oxidize nitrite (NO2) -Microorganisms have a competitive advantage in low organic carbon environments by acquiring energy. When large amounts of organic materials are input into bio-organic fertilizers and treatments involving decomposed straw and pig manure, the soil carbon-to-nitrogen ratio (C / N) increases significantly. This eutrophic environment leads to heterotrophic microorganisms (such as Proteobacteria) gaining an absolute advantage in resource competition. Simultaneously, under high C / N ratio conditions, microorganisms preferentially assimilate nitrates (NO3). - ) rather than ammonium salt (NH4) + ), which makes the main metabolite of Nitrifying Spirulina (NO3) - Their energy is rapidly consumed, their energy acquisition pathways are limited, and thus the number of Nitrifying Spirulina decreases.
[0038] 2) pH effect and functional inhibition mechanism: Organic acids (such as humic acid and fulvic acid) produced during the decomposition of organic materials cause fluctuations in soil pH, which directly stresses the nitrifying spirochetes. At the same time, phenolic substances and volatile fatty acids in organic fertilizers can specifically inhibit the ammonia oxidation process and reduce nitrite production, thereby limiting the substrate supply for nitrifying spirochetes and further inhibiting their activity.
[0039] 3) Community substitution effect of nitrifying microorganisms: In the treatment of bio-organic fertilizers and decomposed straw + pig manure, the traditional autotrophic nitrification pathway (represented by Nitrifying Spirogyra) is gradually being partially replaced by heterotrophic nitrifying microorganisms (such as Streptomyces in the Actinobacteria phylum). This substitution stems from the fact that organic matter input enhances the nitrification potential of heterotrophic microorganisms, reducing their dependence on the autotrophic nitrification pathway. Simultaneously, organic management promotes the proliferation of denitrifying bacteria (such as nosZ gene-carrying bacteria), accelerating nitrate consumption in the nitrogen transformation network and weakening the niche importance of Nitrifying Spirogyra.
[0040] The above results indicate that Proteobacteria and Nitrosospira, which are sensitive to organic fertilizer, can serve as indicator microbial communities for evaluating soil quality index, EMF, and early rice yield levels under organic fertilization models.
[0041] Example 2: Preparation of Beneficial Compound Microbial Agent Powder
[0042] (1) 45% (w / w) of *Thiobacillus ferrooxidans* (Sideroxydans), 20% of *Nitrosomonas* cluster 7 (MND1), 25% of *Halothiobacillus* (Thiobacillus), and 10% of *Pseudomonas aeruginosa* (Pseudomonas) beneficial microbial strains were sequentially inoculated onto beef extract peptone solid medium and cultured at 30℃ and 120 r / min on a shaker for 12 h to prepare a beneficial microbial complex culture solution; the viable count was not less than 1 × 10⁻⁶. 8 / ml;
[0043] (2) Crop straw or cow manure compost is used as organic material. It is sterilized at 121℃ for 40-45 minutes, cooled and then inoculated with beneficial bacteria culture solution. It is cultured at 35-40℃ for 8-10 hours to obtain organic substrate loaded with beneficial microbial complex strains.
[0044] (3) After crushing the organic base material, a beneficial compound microbial agent powder is obtained.
[0045] Example 3: Preparation of Bio-organic Fertilizer for Early Rice
[0046] By weight, 65 parts of crop straw or cow manure composted organic material, 13 parts of diatomaceous earth, 9 parts of activated carbon, 7 parts of beneficial compound bacterial agent powder prepared in Example 2, and 2.5 parts of antagonistic microbial activity inhibitor were weighed and prepared into early rice special bio-organic fertilizer after being granulated by drum, sphericalized, dried and sieved.
[0047] The antagonistic microbial activity inhibitor is selected from one or more of 2-chloro-6-trichloromethylpyridine, n-butylthiophosphoric triamine, and N-propylphosphoric triamine. In this embodiment, 2-chloro-6-trichloromethylpyridine is preferred.
[0048] Comparative Example 1
[0049] The preparation method is basically the same as that in Example 3, except that ordinary organic fertilizer without the addition of beneficial compound microbial agent powder is prepared.
[0050] The experimental examples evaluated the application effects of the early rice-specific bio-organic fertilizer prepared in Example 3 and the ordinary organic fertilizer prepared in Comparative Example 1 in rice production.
[0051] Newly reclaimed farmland in Wucheng District, Jinhua City, was selected, with a double-cropping rice rotation system that has been in place for 10 consecutive years. Using conventional fertilization and ordinary organic fertilizer treatments as controls, an additional 450 kg / mu of early rice-specific bio-organic fertilizer was applied for three consecutive years. The effects on early rice yield, soil quality, microbial community diversity, and farmland ecological function diversity index were then evaluated.
[0052] Comparing the effects of conventional fertilization combined with ordinary organic fertilizer and the application of special bio-organic fertilizer, the study found that compared with conventional fertilization and conventional fertilization + ordinary organic fertilizer treatment, the treatment of applying special bio-organic fertilizer for early rice can improve the soil quality index, eliminate acidity barriers, and improve the ecological function diversity index of farmland soil while maintaining a higher yield level, as shown in Table 2 below.
[0053] Table 2
[0054]
[0055]
[0056] Based on the above results, this may be attributed to the following reasons:
[0057] 1) After the organic matter in the early rice special bio-organic fertilizer is decomposed, a large number of weakly acidic functional groups are produced. The cation exchange capacity is 20 to 30 times that of clay minerals. It can improve the acid-base buffering capacity of the soil through acid group dissociation and amine matrix protonation, which can significantly improve the soil's fertilizer retention and supply capacity, thereby increasing the soil pH value.
[0058] 2) Treatment with early rice-specific bio-organic fertilizer significantly increased soil bacterial microbial community abundance. This may be attributed to the stimulating effect of adding organic carbon sources on the soil microbial community, promoting the conversion of applied residual carbon into soil soluble organic carbon. Simultaneously, the addition of organic materials enhances the internal space and resource availability for bacterial growth, significantly increasing microbial diversity indices such as Chao1 and Shannon, leading to a faster nutrient cycling rate. This may be related to the fact that exogenous input of bio-organic fertilizer and decomposed straw or pig manure can significantly improve soil physical structure (increasing porosity / space) and provide highly diverse and readily available carbon sources, nutrients, and energy (improving resource availability). Secondly, the input of exogenous organic materials can improve soil spatial and resource heterogeneity, create more diverse ecological niches, and allow more bacterial species with different physiological and nutritional needs to coexist, thus significantly increasing bacterial community richness (Chao1) and diversity / evenness (Shannon) indices. Finally, the high diversity of microbial communities induced by the input of exogenous organic materials brings functional redundancy (stability assurance) and functional complementarity / synergy (efficiency improvement) as well as a richer carbon conversion enzyme system, which is conducive to improving the overall microbial activity of the soil. In turn, during the induction period, complex organic matter is decomposed, transformed (mineralized) into inorganic nutrients that plants can directly absorb and utilize, and ultimately significantly accelerates the nutrient cycling rate.
[0059] 3) Treatment with special bio-organic fertilizer for early rice can maintain higher rice yield and soil quality index by enhancing soil soluble organic carbon, microbial biomass carbon, and nitrogen cycle-related enzyme activity; and rice yield is significantly positively correlated with soil quality index and soil ecological function diversity index.
[0060] 4) The microbial nutrition hypothesis model suggests that under nutrient-rich conditions, organic fertilization can significantly increase the number of rapidly growing eutrophic microorganisms, but decrease the number of slowly growing oligotrophic microorganisms. Proteobacteria are potential eutrophic bacteria capable of converting organic matter into various small-molecule soluble organic carbon. Continuous application of early rice-specific bio-organic fertilizer is beneficial for improving the structure and diversity of paddy field microbial communities, thereby enhancing soil fertility and the diversity of farmland ecological functions.
[0061] 5) with NO3 - In comparison, rice prefers to absorb NH4. + Numerous studies have shown that NH4 + Compared to NO3 - It has many advantages in reducing energy consumption, improving photosynthetic physiology of rice leaves, nitrogen absorption and utilization, resistance to stress, and crop yield formation. On the other hand, NO3 in rhizosphere soil -Higher levels of NH4+ can lead to increased mobility, reduced soil fixation, and decreased rice uptake. A decrease in *Nitrifying Spirogyra* species can inhibit NH4+ by enhancing nitrification. + Oxidized to NO3 - This helps maintain a balance between rice growth, soil fertility, and ecological functions.
[0062] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the essence and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.
Claims
1. A beneficial compound microbial agent powder, characterized in that, By mass fraction, it includes 40-50% *Sideroxydans*, 15-25% *MND1*, 15-25% *Thiobacillus*, and 5-10% *Pseudomonas*.
2. The beneficial compound microbial agent powder according to claim 1, characterized in that, The *Sideroxydans* species is selected from *Thiobacillus ferrooxidans*, the *MND1* species is selected from *Nitrosomonas* cluster 7, cluster 3a, or cluster 3b, the *Thiobacillus* species is selected from *Halothiobacillus*, and the *Pseudomonas* species is selected from *Pseudomonas aeruginosa*.
3. The application of the beneficial compound microbial agent powder as described in any one of claims 1-2 in promoting crop yield, reducing soil acidity, and enhancing the ecological function of farmland.
4. The application of the beneficial compound microbial agent powder as described in any one of claims 1-2 in the preparation of early rice-specific bio-organic fertilizer.
5. The method for preparing the beneficial compound microbial agent powder as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: (1) The beneficial microbial strains of Sideroxydans, MND1, Thiobacillus and Pseudomonas were inoculated onto beef extract peptone solid medium in sequence and cultured on a shaker to prepare a beneficial microbial complex culture solution. (2) After sterilizing and cooling the composted organic material, inoculate it with a culture solution of beneficial microorganisms and culture it to obtain an organic substrate loaded with beneficial microorganisms. (3) After crushing the organic base material, a beneficial compound microbial agent powder is obtained.
6. The preparation method according to claim 5, characterized in that, In step (1), the conditions for the shaker culture are: 30℃, 120r / min shaker culture for 12h; the viable count in the obtained beneficial microbial compound culture solution is not less than 1×10⁻⁶. 8 / ml.
7. The preparation method according to claim 5, characterized in that, In step (2), the sterilization conditions are: sterilization at 121℃ for 40-45 min; the culture conditions are: culture at 35-40℃ for 8-10 h.
8. A bio-organic fertilizer specifically for early rice, characterized in that, The raw materials include the following parts by weight: 60-70 parts of composted organic material, 10-15 parts of diatomaceous earth, 8-10 parts of activated carbon, 5-8 parts of beneficial compound microbial agent powder, and 2-3 parts of antagonistic microbial activity inhibitor; wherein the beneficial compound microbial agent powder is the beneficial compound microbial agent powder as described in claim 1 or 2.
9. The special bio-organic fertilizer for early rice according to claim 8, characterized in that, The antagonistic microbial activity inhibitor is selected from one or more of 2-chloro-6-trichloromethylpyridine, n-butylthiophosphoric triamine, and N-propylphosphoric triamine.
10. The method for preparing early rice-specific bio-organic fertilizer as described in claim 9, characterized in that, Weigh out the composted organic materials, diatomaceous earth, activated carbon, beneficial compound microbial agent powder, and antagonistic microbial activity inhibitors in proportion, and prepare early rice special bio-organic fertilizer by drum granulation, spherical polishing, drying and sieving.