LoRa-based composite sensor and environment detection system

Abstract

The invention relates to a LoRa-based composite sensor and environment detection system, which comprises a data acquisition module, a signal processing module, a LoRa communication module and a power supply module, and is characterized in that a plurality of different sensors are integrated in the data acquisition module to detect a plurality of environment parameters and motion parameters at the same time, and the signal processing module is connected with the data acquisition module; the signal processing module is used for processing feedback signals of various different sensors in the data acquisition module and transmitting the processed signals to the LoRa communication module, the LoRa communication module converts the signals into wireless signals and sends the wireless signals, and the power supply module is used for supplying power to the data acquisition module, the signal processing module and the LoRa communication module. The pressure sensor, the temperature sensor, the humidity sensor, the gas sensor and the inertia sensor are integrated in one module, synchronous collection of multiple parameters is achieved, the number of devices and installation space are reduced, cost and wiring complexity are reduced, and energy consumption is reduced through the LoRa technology.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of sensor technology, and in particular to a LoRa-based composite sensor and environmental detection system. Background Technology

[0002] In many fields such as AI robots, smart factories, environmental monitoring, and smart homes, it is often necessary to acquire multiple environmental parameters simultaneously to achieve precise control, status monitoring, and data analysis. The traditional approach involves using multiple independent sensors to collect different parameters separately. This method is not only costly and involves complex wiring, but also results in bulky equipment that is inconvenient to install and maintain. Furthermore, data transmission also faces challenges. In scenarios involving long distances, complex environments, or those with strict power consumption requirements, conventional wired or short-range wireless transmission technologies are insufficient.

[0003] LoRa (Long Range) technology, as a low-power wide-area network communication technology, has advantages such as long-distance transmission, low power consumption, and strong anti-interference capabilities, and has been widely used in the Internet of Things (IoT) field. However, most LoRa-based sensor modules currently on the market are single-function, capable of collecting only one or two parameters, and cannot meet the needs of simultaneous acquisition and remote transmission of multiple parameters. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address at least one of the aforementioned technical problems, this invention proposes a LoRa-based composite sensor and environmental detection system.

[0005] According to some embodiments of the present invention, a LoRa-based composite sensor is provided, comprising:

[0006] The data acquisition module includes a pressure sensor, a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, a gas sensor, and an inertial sensor. The data acquisition module is used to simultaneously acquire air pressure, temperature, humidity, gas concentration in the environment, and inertial parameters of the target object. The inertial parameters include acceleration and angular velocity.

[0007] The signal processing module includes a signal conditioning circuit and a microcontroller. The signal conditioning circuit is connected to the data acquisition module to amplify and filter the signal from the data acquisition module. The microcontroller is connected to the signal conditioning circuit to perform analog-to-digital conversion, data calibration, and data fusion on the signal from the signal processing module.

[0008] A LoRa communication module includes a LoRa chip and an antenna. The LoRa chip is connected to both the microcontroller and the antenna. The LoRa chip is used to convert the data from the microcontroller into wireless signals and then transmit them to the antenna.

[0009] A power module is used to supply power to the data acquisition module, the signal processing module and the LoRa communication module. The power module includes at least one of a battery, an external power connector and a photovoltaic panel.

[0010] In some possible implementations, the power module includes a first voltage regulator, the input of which is connected to a 5V power supply, which is obtained by converting the power supply from the battery, the photovoltaic panel, or an external power connector. The output of the first voltage regulator outputs a 3.3V regulated voltage. A first power input filter capacitor is provided between the input of the first voltage regulator and the ground terminal, and a first power output filter capacitor is provided between the output of the first voltage regulator and the ground terminal.

[0011] In some possible implementations, the data acquisition module includes a temperature and humidity sensor chip. The temperature and humidity sensor chip has a power supply pin, a ground pin, an SCL pin, and an SDA pin. The power supply pin is connected to the first end of a first capacitor and the first end of a first resistor, respectively. The second end of the first capacitor is grounded. The second end of the first resistor is connected to the output terminal of the first voltage regulator. The ground pin is grounded. The SCL pin is connected to the first end of a second resistor. The second end of the second resistor is connected to the output terminal of the first voltage regulator. The SDA pin is connected to the first end of a third resistor. The second end of the third resistor is connected to the output terminal of the first voltage regulator. The microcontroller is connected to the SCL pin and the SDA pin, respectively.

[0012] In some possible implementations, the power module further includes a second voltage regulator, the input of which is connected to the 5V power supply, and the output of which outputs a 5V regulated voltage source; a second power input filter capacitor is provided between the input of the second voltage regulator and the ground terminal, and a second power output filter capacitor is provided between the output of the second voltage regulator and the ground terminal.

[0013] In some possible implementations, the input terminal of the pressure sensor is connected to the output terminal of the second voltage regulator, the output terminal of the pressure sensor is connected to the microcontroller, the ground terminal of the pressure sensor is grounded, and a sensor output filter capacitor is directly provided between the output terminal and the ground terminal of the pressure sensor.

[0014] In some possible implementations, the power module further includes a third voltage regulator, the input of which is connected to the 5V power supply, and the output of which outputs a 1.8V regulated voltage source; the input of the third voltage regulator is connected to the first terminal of a third power supply input filter capacitor, the second terminal of which is grounded, and a third power supply output filter capacitor is provided between the output of the second voltage regulator and the ground terminal.

[0015] In some possible implementations, the power module includes a multi-channel adjustable power supply, which includes multiple output channels with different voltages.

[0016] In some possible implementations, a reset module is also included, which includes a reset circuit comprising a reset resistor, a reset capacitor, and a reset switch. The first end of the reset resistor is connected to the 5V power supply and the power pin of the microcontroller, respectively. The second end of the reset resistor is connected to the first end of the reset capacitor, the second end of the reset capacitor is grounded, and the reset switch is connected in parallel across the two ends of the reset capacitor.

[0017] According to some embodiments of the present invention, an environmental monitoring system is also provided, including a server, a terminal device, a LoRa gateway, and a LoRa-based composite sensor as described in any of the above embodiments. The LoRa-based composite sensor is wirelessly connected to the LoRa gateway, and the LoRa gateway is wirelessly connected to the server and the terminal device or connected to a wired network. The LoRa gateway is used to enable mutual communication between the server, the terminal device, and the LoRa-based composite sensor.

[0018] Implementing the solution of this invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0019] 1. This invention integrates five sensors—pressure, temperature, humidity, gas, and inertia—into one module, enabling simultaneous acquisition of multiple parameters, reducing the number of devices and installation space, and lowering costs and wiring complexity.

[0020] 2. This invention utilizes the long-distance transmission and low-power characteristics of LoRa technology, enabling the sensor module to stably transmit collected data to the receiving end over a long distance, while reducing energy consumption, making it suitable for battery-powered applications.

[0021] It should be understood that the above general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only, and are not intended to limit the invention.

[0022] Other features and aspects of the invention will become clear from the following detailed description of exemplary embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings. Attached Figure Description

[0023] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions and advantages in the embodiments or prior art of this specification, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this specification. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0024] Figure 1 A structural block diagram of a LoRa-based composite sensor according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown;

[0025] Figure 2 A circuit diagram of a first voltage regulator according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown;

[0026] Figure 3 A circuit diagram of a temperature and humidity sensor according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown;

[0027] Figure 4 A circuit diagram of a second voltage regulator and a pressure sensor according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown;

[0028] Figure 5 A circuit diagram of a third voltage regulator and a gas sensor according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown;

[0029] Figure 6 A circuit diagram of a reset circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown;

[0030] Figure 7 A circuit diagram of an inertial sensor according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown. Detailed Implementation

[0031] The technical solutions in the embodiments of this specification will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this specification, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments in this specification, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this invention.

[0032] It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," etc., in the specification, claims, and accompanying drawings of this invention are used to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that such data can be interchanged where appropriate so that the embodiments of the invention described herein can be implemented in orders other than those illustrated or described herein. Furthermore, the terms "comprising" and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion; for example, a process, method, system, product, or server that comprises a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units explicitly listed, but may include other steps or units not explicitly listed or inherent to such processes, methods, products, or devices.

[0033] Various exemplary embodiments, features, and aspects of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. The same reference numerals in the drawings denote elements that have the same or similar functions. Although various aspects of the embodiments are shown in the drawings, they are not necessarily drawn to scale unless specifically indicated otherwise.

[0034] The term “exemplary” as used herein means “serving as an example, embodiment, or illustration.” Any embodiment illustrated herein as “exemplary” is not necessarily to be construed as superior to or better than other embodiments.

[0035] In this document, the term "and / or" is merely a description of the relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can represent three cases: A alone, A and B simultaneously, and B alone. Furthermore, the term "at least one" in this document means any combination of at least two of any one or more elements. For example, including at least one of A, B, and C can mean including any one or more elements selected from the set consisting of A, B, and C.

[0036] Furthermore, to better illustrate the present invention, numerous specific details are set forth in the following detailed embodiments. Those skilled in the art will understand that the present invention can be practiced without certain specific details. In some instances, methods, means, elements, and circuits well known to those skilled in the art have not been described in detail in order to highlight the spirit of the invention.

[0037] Please refer to Figures 1-7 This invention provides a LoRa-based composite sensor, including a data acquisition module, a signal processing module, a LoRa communication module, and a power supply module. The data acquisition module integrates multiple different sensors to simultaneously detect various environmental parameters and motion parameters (inertial parameters). The signal processing module is connected to the data acquisition module to process the feedback signals from the various sensors in the data acquisition module. Subsequently, the signal processing module transmits the processed signals to the LoRa communication module, which converts the signals from the signal processing module into wireless signals for transmission. The power supply module provides power to the data acquisition module, the signal processing module, and the LoRa communication module.

[0038] In this embodiment, the data acquisition module includes a pressure sensor, a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, a gas sensor, and an inertial sensor. Based on these five different sensors, the data acquisition module can simultaneously collect environmental data such as air pressure, temperature, humidity, gas concentration, and the inertial parameters of the target object. The inertial parameters include acceleration and angular velocity. Specifically, the pressure sensor uses the piezoresistive or capacitive effect to convert pressure signals into electrical signals; the temperature sensor uses a thermistor or thermocouple to convert temperature changes into voltage or resistance changes; the humidity sensor converts humidity into electrical signals based on the hygroscopic properties of polymer materials; the gas sensor detects specific gases and outputs electrical signals based on the chemical reaction characteristics of different gases; and the inertial sensor uses microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) technology to sense the motion state of objects and output corresponding electrical signals.

[0039] It should be understood that this embodiment does not limit the specific model of each sensor, and each sensor is not limited to packaged sensor chips or sensor products. Circuits, detection devices, and detection apparatuses with the same detection function can be used as replacements for each sensor, which will not be elaborated in this embodiment.

[0040] In one specific embodiment, the pressure sensor can be configured as MTS-J10A, the gas sensor as HGS1001, and the inertial sensor as LIS3DHTR. For ease of explanation, in subsequent embodiments, unless otherwise specified, the sensor models mentioned above will be used as examples.

[0041] In this embodiment, the signal processing module includes a signal conditioning circuit and a microcontroller. The signal conditioning circuit is connected to the data acquisition module to preprocess the signals from the data acquisition module. Preprocessing includes amplification and / or filtering; that is, the signal conditioning circuit includes an amplifier and / or a filter. This embodiment does not limit the specific structure of the signal conditioning circuit; it can be a modular circuit or disassembled and installed at each sensor, and can be flexibly adjusted according to actual needs. The microcontroller is connected to the signal conditioning circuit and performs analog-to-digital conversion, data calibration, and data fusion on the preprocessed signals from the signal processing module to improve data accuracy and reliability. This embodiment also does not limit the specific model of the microcontroller; the microcontroller should use a low-power processor with high computing power to ensure the composite sensor can work normally while improving data processing speed, thereby improving the reliability of the composite sensor.

[0042] In this embodiment, the LoRa communication module includes a LoRa chip and an antenna. The LoRa chip is connected to both the microcontroller and the antenna. The LoRa chip converts data from the microcontroller into wireless signals, which are then transmitted to the antenna. The LoRa chip uses a chip model with spread spectrum modulation technology. This chip can convert processed data into wireless signals suitable for long-distance transmission. It operates in the ISM band (e.g., 433MHz, 868MHz, 915MHz) and, in conjunction with the antenna, enables long-distance data transmission. During data transmission, the LoRa chip can encode and modulate the data to increase signal interference resistance and transmission distance. Furthermore, it employs adaptive data transmission rate and power control technology to automatically adjust transmission parameters based on signal strength and communication distance, thereby reducing power consumption and improving communication efficiency.

[0043] In this embodiment, the power module is used to power the data acquisition module, the signal processing module, and the LoRa communication module. The power module can be powered by a battery, an external power source, or solar power. That is, the power module includes at least one of a battery, an external power connector, and a photovoltaic panel. The external power connector is used to connect to external DC or AC power.

[0044] In one specific embodiment, when the power module is battery-powered, a high-efficiency power management chip manages the charging and discharging of the battery, reducing the module's power consumption and extending battery life. For example, during gaps in data acquisition and transmission, the module can be set to a low-power sleep mode, waking up only when needed to operate, thereby effectively reducing energy consumption.

[0045] In the above embodiments, the power module is also provided with a conversion circuit, which is used to convert the power supply from the battery, photovoltaic panel or external power connector into DC 5V power. The 5V power can be further converted to meet the power supply requirements of different circuit devices.

[0046] In some embodiments, please refer to Figure 2 The power module includes a first voltage regulator U5, which is configured as a linear regulator ME6231C50M5G. The input of the first voltage regulator U5 is connected to a 5V power supply, and its output is a 3.3V regulated voltage source. A first power input filter capacitor C9 is located between the input and ground terminals of the first voltage regulator U5, and a first power output filter capacitor C7 is located between the output and ground terminals of the first voltage regulator U5. Based on this structure, the first voltage regulator U5 can further convert the 5V power supply obtained from the battery, photovoltaic panel, or external power connector into a DC 3.3V regulated voltage source. This 3.3V regulated voltage source is used to power the inertial sensor, temperature sensor, and humidity sensor. The circuit diagram of the inertial sensor is shown below. Figure 7 As shown.

[0047] In some embodiments, the temperature sensor and humidity sensor can be integrated. Specifically, the data acquisition module includes a temperature and humidity sensor chip, configured as an AHT20, which is powered by DC 3.3V and integrates both a temperature sensor and a humidity sensor. Please refer to... Figure 3 The temperature and humidity sensor chip has a power supply pin, a ground pin, an SCL pin, and an SDA pin. The power supply pin is connected to the first end of the first capacitor C1 and the first end of the first resistor R2, respectively. The second end of the first capacitor C1 is grounded. The second end of the first resistor R2 is connected to the output of the first voltage regulator U5. The ground pin is grounded. The SCL pin is connected to the first end of the second resistor R3. The second end of the second resistor R3 is connected to the output of the first voltage regulator U5. The SDA pin is connected to the first end of the third resistor R4. The second end of the third resistor R4 is connected to the output of the first voltage regulator U5. The microcontroller is connected to the SCL pin and the SDA pin, respectively.

[0048] In some embodiments, please refer to Figure 4 The power module also includes a second voltage regulator U7, which is configured as a linear regulator ME6231C50M5G. The input of the second voltage regulator U7 is connected to a 5V power supply, and its output is a 5V regulated voltage source. A second power input filter capacitor C14 is located between the input and ground terminals of the second voltage regulator U7, and a second power output filter capacitor C13 is located between the output and ground terminals. Based on this structure, the second voltage regulator U7 is used to regulate the 5V power supply, preventing power fluctuations from causing inaccurate sensor detection. The 5V regulated voltage source is used to power the pressure sensor; please refer to [reference needed]. Figure 4 The input terminal of the pressure sensor is connected to the output terminal of the second voltage regulator, the output terminal of the pressure sensor is connected to the microcontroller, the ground terminal of the pressure sensor is grounded, and the output terminal and the ground terminal of the pressure sensor are directly connected to the sensor output filter capacitor C15.

[0049] In some embodiments, please refer to Figure 5The power module also includes a third voltage regulator U4, configured as an AMS1117 regulator. The input of the third voltage regulator U4 is connected to a 5V power supply, and its output is a 1.8V regulated voltage. The input of the third voltage regulator U4 is connected to the first terminal of the third power input filter capacitor C5, and the second terminal of C5 is grounded. A third power output filter capacitor C6 is located between the output of the second voltage regulator U4 and the ground terminal. The 1.8V regulated voltage is used to power the gas sensor, which has four pins: H+, H-, C+, and C-. Pin H+ is connected to the output of the third voltage regulator U4, pin H- is connected to the microcontroller, pin C+ is connected to the first terminal of resistor R5 and the first terminal of capacitor C10, the second terminals of resistor R5 and capacitor C10 are both grounded, pin C+ is also connected to the microcontroller, and pin C- is grounded.

[0050] In a further embodiment, the power supply module includes a multi-channel adjustable power supply, which comprises multiple output channels with different voltages. For example, in some cases, the multi-channel adjustable power supply includes three different output channels, outputting DC5V, DC3.3V, and DC1.8V respectively, thereby meeting the different voltage requirements of multiple sensors. In other cases, the multi-channel adjustable power supply includes multiple output channels, and the number and voltage of the output channels correspond one-to-one with the various power-consuming components (chips, sensors) in the composite sensor.

[0051] In this embodiment of the invention, the composite sensor further includes a reset module, which is used to reset and restart the microcontroller. Specifically, please refer to... Figure 6 The reset module includes a reset circuit, which includes a reset resistor R1, a reset capacitor C2, and a reset switch SW1. The first end of the reset resistor R1 is connected to the 5V power supply and the power supply pin of the microcontroller, respectively. The second end of the reset resistor R1 is connected to the first end of the reset capacitor C2. The second end of the reset capacitor C2 is grounded. The reset switch SW1 is connected in parallel across the two ends of the reset capacitor C2.

[0052] According to some embodiments of the present invention, an environmental monitoring system is also provided, including a server, a terminal device, a LoRa gateway, and a LoRa-based composite sensor according to any of the above embodiments. The LoRa-based composite sensor is wirelessly connected to the LoRa gateway. The LoRa gateway is wirelessly connected to the server and the terminal device or connected to a wired network. The LoRa gateway is used to realize mutual communication between the server, the terminal device, and the LoRa-based composite sensor. Based on the above system, the composite sensor sends the collected and processed data to the LoRa gateway through the LoRa communication module. The LoRa gateway then transmits the data to the server or cloud platform through a wired network (such as Ethernet) or other wireless communication methods (such as 4G, 5G). Users can remotely access the server or cloud platform through terminal devices such as mobile APPs and computer clients to obtain data collected by the sensor module in real time, and perform data analysis, storage, and visualization. At the same time, users can also send control commands to the sensor module through the terminal device, such as setting the data acquisition frequency and calibration parameters, to realize remote control of the composite sensor.

[0053] The above embodiments have described in detail a LoRa-based composite sensor and environmental detection system of the present invention. The solution of the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0054] 1. Multifunctional integration: This invention integrates five sensors—pressure, temperature, humidity, gas, and inertia—into one module, enabling simultaneous acquisition of multiple parameters, reducing the number of devices and installation space, and lowering costs and wiring complexity.

[0055] 2. Long-distance low-power transmission: Utilizing the long-distance transmission and low-power characteristics of LoRa technology, the sensor module can stably transmit the collected data to the receiving end over a long distance, while reducing energy consumption. It is suitable for battery-powered applications such as field monitoring and smart homes.

[0056] 3. Strong anti-interference capability: LoRa technology adopts spread spectrum modulation technology, which has strong anti-interference capability and can work stably in complex electromagnetic environments, ensuring the reliability of data transmission.

[0057] 4. Flexible Application Scenarios: This sensor module can be widely used in various fields such as industrial automation, environmental monitoring, smart homes, intelligent transportation, and medical equipment, meeting the diverse needs of users for multi-parameter monitoring and remote control. By working with servers or cloud platforms, it enables real-time data monitoring, analysis, and management, providing users with more intelligent services.

[0058] The various embodiments of the present invention have been described above. These descriptions are exemplary and not exhaustive, nor are they limited to the disclosed embodiments. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the described embodiments. The terminology used herein is chosen to best explain the principles, practical application, or technical improvements to the embodiments in the market, or to enable others skilled in the art to understand the embodiments disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A LoRa-based composite sensor, characterized in that, include: The data acquisition module includes a pressure sensor, a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, a gas sensor, and an inertial sensor. The data acquisition module is used to simultaneously acquire air pressure, temperature, humidity, gas concentration in the environment, and inertial parameters of the target object. The inertial parameters include acceleration and angular velocity. The signal processing module includes a signal conditioning circuit and a microcontroller. The signal conditioning circuit is connected to the data acquisition module to amplify and filter the signal from the data acquisition module. The microcontroller is connected to the signal conditioning circuit to perform analog-to-digital conversion, data calibration, and data fusion on the signal from the signal processing module. A LoRa communication module includes a LoRa chip and an antenna. The LoRa chip is connected to both the microcontroller and the antenna. The LoRa chip is used to convert the data from the microcontroller into wireless signals and then transmit them to the antenna. A power module is used to supply power to the data acquisition module, the signal processing module and the LoRa communication module. The power module includes at least one of a battery, an external power connector and a photovoltaic panel.

2. The LoRa-based composite sensor according to claim 1, characterized in that, The power module includes a first voltage regulator, the input of which is connected to a 5V power supply. The 5V power supply is obtained by converting the power supply from the battery, the photovoltaic panel, or the external power connector. The output of the first voltage regulator outputs a 3.3V regulated power supply. A first power input filter capacitor is provided between the input terminal and the ground terminal of the first voltage regulator, and a first power output filter capacitor is provided between the output terminal and the ground terminal of the first voltage regulator.

3. A LoRa-based composite sensor according to claim 2, characterized in that, The data acquisition module includes a temperature and humidity sensor chip, which has a power supply pin, a ground pin, an SCL pin, and an SDA pin. The power supply pins are connected to the first terminal of the first capacitor and the first terminal of the first resistor, respectively. The second terminal of the first capacitor is grounded, and the second terminal of the first resistor is connected to the output terminal of the first voltage regulator. The grounding pin is grounded. The SCL pin is connected to the first end of the second resistor, the second end of the second resistor is connected to the output terminal of the first voltage regulator, the SDA pin is connected to the first end of the third resistor, the second end of the third resistor is connected to the output terminal of the first voltage regulator, and the microcontroller is connected to the SCL pin and the SDA pin respectively.

4. A LoRa-based composite sensor according to claim 2, characterized in that, The power module also includes a second voltage regulator, the input of which is connected to the 5V power supply, and the output of which outputs a 5V regulated voltage source. A second power input filter capacitor is provided between the input terminal and the ground terminal of the second voltage regulator, and a second power output filter capacitor is provided between the output terminal and the ground terminal of the second voltage regulator.

5. A LoRa-based composite sensor according to claim 4, characterized in that, The input terminal of the pressure sensor is connected to the output terminal of the second voltage regulator, the output terminal of the pressure sensor is connected to the microcontroller, the ground terminal of the pressure sensor is grounded, and a sensor output filter capacitor is directly provided between the output terminal and the ground terminal of the pressure sensor.

6. A LoRa-based composite sensor according to claim 4, characterized in that, The power module also includes a third voltage regulator, the input of which is connected to the 5V power supply, and the output of which outputs a 1.8V regulated voltage source. The input terminal of the third voltage regulator is connected to the first terminal of the third power input filter capacitor, the second terminal of the third power input filter capacitor is grounded, and a third power output filter capacitor is provided between the output terminal of the second voltage regulator and the ground terminal.

7. A LoRa-based composite sensor according to claim 6, characterized in that, The power module includes multiple adjustable power supplies, each with multiple output channels of different voltages.

8. A LoRa-based composite sensor according to claim 2, characterized in that, It also includes a reset module, which includes a reset circuit. The reset circuit includes a reset resistor, a reset capacitor, and a reset switch. The first end of the reset resistor is connected to the 5V power supply and the power pin of the microcontroller, respectively. The second end of the reset resistor is connected to the first end of the reset capacitor, and the second end of the reset capacitor is grounded. The reset switch is connected in parallel across the two ends of the reset capacitor.

9. An environmental monitoring system, characterized in that, The system includes a server, a terminal device, a LoRa gateway, and a LoRa-based composite sensor according to any one of claims 1-8. The LoRa-based composite sensor is wirelessly connected to the LoRa gateway, and the LoRa gateway is wirelessly connected to the server and the terminal device or connected to a wired network. The LoRa gateway is used to enable communication between the server, the terminal device, and the LoRa-based composite sensor.

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