Container confinement cultivation method for relieving asexual reproduction continuous cropping obstacles of gastrodia elata

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of traditional Chinese medicinal material planting. The invention provides a container confinement cultivation method for relieving asexual propagation continuous cropping obstacles of gastrodia elata, which comprises the following steps: (1) filling and paving planting soil in a container, placing wood sections and armillaria mellea, then earthing, carrying out heat preservation treatment, and culturing to obtain a fungus bed; and (2) exposing the fungus material, placing gastrodia elata seeds around the fungus material, covering soil, carrying out heat preservation treatment, and carrying out conventional planting management. By means of the cultivation method, centralized and standardized cultivation of the gastrodia elata can be promoted, the problem that suitable cultivation sites are gradually reduced in the gastrodia elata cultivation process is solved, the problem of continuous cropping obstacles of the gastrodia elata is effectively solved, and sustainable development of the gastrodia elata is promoted.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of Chinese herbal medicine planting, and particularly relates to a container limited cultivation method for relieving continuous cropping obstacles of Gastrodia elata asexual reproduction. BACKGROUND

[0002] Gastrodia elata Bl., also known as Gastrodia elata Bl., is a plant of the genus Gastrodia in the Orchidaceae family, and is one of the most valuable Chinese medicinal materials, which has important medicinal and edible values. Gastrodia elata Bl. belongs to a higher plant of heterotrophic type, and has various cultivation modes, such as facility cultivation, soilless cultivation, open field cultivation and wild-like cultivation. At present, wild-like cultivation is a commonly used cultivation mode, which means that a planting hole is reasonably excavated in a mountain slope, shrub or grass, and a proper amount of high-quality wood piece and Gastrodia elata seed are supplemented to simulate the wild growth state of Gastrodia elata Bl. for artificial cultivation of Gastrodia elata Bl., which has certain safety, regional and benefit properties. Gastrodia elata Bl. grows and develops in dependence on the invasion of Armillaria mellea to wood for providing nutrition, so the wood piece is indispensable for artificial cultivation of Gastrodia elata Bl. With the expansion of the cultivation scale of Gastrodia elata Bl., the wood pieces and planting sites consumed will also increase.

[0003] Continuous cropping obstacle refers to serious diseases and yield reduction and other negative phenomena of the same crop repeatedly planted in the same land. Researches show that continuous cropping effect and allelopathy will occur in the process of cultivation of Gastrodia elata Bl., which not only leads to frequent occurrence of diseases and insect pests, soil degradation, but also reduces the quality of Gastrodia elata Bl., resulting in reduced yield and aggravated diseases of Gastrodia elata Bl. At present, the farmers usually solve the problem of continuous cropping obstacles of Gastrodia elata Bl. by directly changing the land for cultivation, which leads to the gradual reduction of land resources suitable for cultivation of Gastrodia elata Bl., and seriously affects the sustainable development of Gastrodia elata Bl.

[0004] Based on the above, it is necessary to obtain an effective and sustainable cultivation method for relieving the continuous cropping obstacles of Gastrodia elata Bl. SUMMARY

[0005] The present application aims to provide a container limited cultivation method for relieving continuous cropping obstacles of Gastrodia elata asexual reproduction, promote centralized and standardized cultivation of Gastrodia elata, solve the problem of the gradual reduction of suitable cultivation sites in the process of cultivation of Gastrodia elata, effectively relieve the continuous cropping obstacles of Gastrodia elata, and promote the sustainable development of Gastrodia elata.

[0006] In order to achieve the above-mentioned application purposes, the present application provides the following technical solutions:

[0007] The present application provides a container limited cultivation method for relieving continuous cropping obstacles of Gastrodia elata asexual reproduction, comprising the following steps:

[0008] (1) filling and paving planting soil in the container, placing wood pieces and Armillaria mellea, then covering soil and performing heat preservation treatment, and then performing bed culture;

[0009] (2) expose the fungus material, place the Gastrodia elata seeds around the fungus material, then cover the soil and carry out the normal planting management after the heat preservation treatment.

[0010] As preferred, the size of the container in step (1) is (40-60) cm x (30-50) cm x (20-40) cm, the bottom and the side of the container are punched with 6-10 holes respectively, and the diameter of the holes is 0.5-0.8 cm.

[0011] As preferred, the wood segments in step (1) are vertically placed, and the Armillaria mellea are placed at the incisions of the wood segments.

[0012] As preferred, the distance between the wood segments is 3-5 cm, and the amount of the wood segments is 45-65 kg / m 2 .

[0013] The size of the Armillaria mellea is (3-5) cm x (3-5) cm x (2-3) cm, and the amount of the Armillaria mellea is 3-5 kg / m 2 .

[0014] As preferred, the planting soil in step (1) is soil or sand, the water content of the planting soil is 35-45%, the filling thickness of the planting soil is 5-8 cm, and the thickness of the soil covering is 4-6 cm.

[0015] As preferred, the heat preservation treatment is covering with dry rice straw or pine needles, and the thickness of the covering is 3-6 cm.

[0016] As preferred, the temperature of the culture in step (1) is 15-30℃, the culture time is 100-120 d, and the humidity is controlled to be 20-25% during the culture.

[0017] As preferred, 8-12 Gastrodia elata seeds are placed around each layer of the fungus material in step (2), and the distance between the Gastrodia elata seeds is 5-8 cm.

[0018] As preferred, the growth cone of the Gastrodia elata seed is placed obliquely upward at an angle of 30-60 degrees.

[0019] By adopting the technical scheme, the present application has the following beneficial effects:

[0020] The container limited cultivation method for planting Gastrodia elata in the present application can promote the centralized and standardized cultivation of Gastrodia elata, solve the problem of gradually decreasing suitable cultivation sites in the cultivation process of Gastrodia elata, effectively alleviate the problem of continuous cropping obstacles of vegetative propagation of Gastrodia elata, and promote the sustainable development of Gastrodia elata. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0021] Figure 1 The container limited cultivation method for alleviating the continuous cropping obstacles of vegetative propagation of Gastrodia elata in the present embodiment Figure 1A represents the wood section, B represents the fungus material, and C represents the Gastrodia elata Blume seedling. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] The application provides a container limited cultivation method for relieving the continuous cropping obstacles of Gastrodia elata Blume asexual reproduction, which comprises the following steps:

[0023] (1) filling and paving planting soil in a container, placing wood sections and Armillaria mellea, then covering soil and performing heat preservation treatment, and then performing bed culture;

[0024] (2) exposing the fungus material, placing Gastrodia elata Blume seedlings around the fungus material, then covering soil and performing heat preservation treatment, and then performing conventional planting management.

[0025] In the application, the planting soil is filled and paved at the bottom of a container, the container is preferably a plastic bag, a woven bag or a foam box, the size of the container is preferably (40-60) cm x (30-50) cm x (20-40) cm, further preferably (45-55) cm x (35-45) cm x (25-35) cm, and more preferably 50 cm x 40 cm x 30 cm. The bottom surface and the side surface of the container are respectively punched with 6-10 holes, and the diameter of the holes is 0.5-0.8 cm. The planting soil is soil or sand, the water content of the planting soil is preferably 35-45%, further preferably 38-42%, and more preferably 40%. The filling and paving thickness of the planting soil is preferably 5-8 cm, and further preferably 6-7 cm.

[0026] In the application, the wood sections are placed after the planting soil is filled and paved, and the wood sections are preferably placed vertically, the distance between the wood sections is 3-5 cm, and the wood sections should not be close to the container wall, and fine wood branches can be scattered in the gaps. The wood sections in the application are preferably broad-leaved tree wood sections, and further preferably oak tree wood sections or birch wood sections. The diameter of the wood sections is preferably 3-5 cm, and the length of the wood sections is preferably 15-22 cm. The amount of the wood sections used in the application is preferably 40-80 kg / m 2 , and further preferably 45-65 kg / m 2 .

[0027] In the application, the Armillaria mellea is placed after the wood sections are placed, and the Armillaria mellea is preferably placed at the cutouts at the two ends of the wood sections. The size of the Armillaria mellea is preferably (3-5) cm x (3-5) cm x (2-3) cm, further preferably (3.5-4.5) cm x (3.5-4.5) cm x (2.2-2.8) cm, and more preferably 4 cm x 4 cm x 2.5 cm. The amount of the Armillaria mellea used is 3-5 kg / m 2 .

[0028] In this invention, after placing the Armillaria mellea, the wood is covered with soil. Preferably, the gaps between the wood segments are filled with soil or sand, and then the soil is continued to be filled. The thickness of the soil covering is preferably 4-6 cm, more preferably 4.5-5.5 cm, and even more preferably 5 cm.

[0029] In this invention, the fungal bed is obtained by covering the substrate with soil, then insulating it, and finally cultivating it. The insulation treatment is preferably covering the substrate with dry straw or pine needles, with a covering thickness preferably of 3-6 cm, and more preferably 5 cm. Covering with dry straw or pine needles achieves good heat preservation and moisture retention. The cultivation temperature is preferably 15-30℃, more preferably 18-28℃, and even more preferably 20-25℃; the cultivation time is preferably 100-120 days, more preferably 105-115 days, and even more preferably 110 days; the humidity during cultivation is preferably controlled at 20-25%, and more preferably 22-24%.

[0030] In this invention, the covering material and soil on the surface of the mushroom bed are turned over to expose the mushroom bed, and then the Gastrodia elata seeds are placed. In this invention, the Gastrodia elata seeds are placed around the perimeter of the mushroom bed, preferably with 8-12 seeds per layer, more preferably 9-10 seeds; the spacing between the Gastrodia elata seeds is preferably 5-8 cm. In this invention, the growth cones of the Gastrodia elata seeds are preferably placed at an angle of 30-60 degrees upwards.

[0031] In this invention, fresh, undamaged, disease-free, uniformly sized, spindle-shaped, and with obvious buds white-headed Gastrodia elata seeds are selected as Gastrodia elata seeds. The weight of a single Gastrodia elata seed is preferably 10-30g, more preferably 15-25g, and even more preferably 18-22g.

[0032] In this invention, after placing the Gastrodia elata seeds, the soil is covered, preferably with a thickness of 5-8 cm, more preferably 5-7 cm, and even more preferably 5 cm. The heat preservation treatment described in this invention preferably involves covering with dry rice straw or pine needles, preferably with a thickness of 3-6 cm, and even more preferably 5 cm.

[0033] The technical solutions provided by the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0034] Example 1

[0035] A container-restricted cultivation method to alleviate the obstacle of continuous cropping in the asexual reproduction of Gastrodia elata, the steps of which are as follows:

[0036] (1) Select a nutrient pot with an upper diameter of 40cm, a lower diameter of 24cm, and a height of 30cm as the container. Make 10 holes with a diameter of 0.8cm on the bottom and side respectively. Fill the bottom of the nutrient pot with a 6cm layer of soil with a moisture content of 40%. Then select a piece of oak tree with a length of 20-25cm and a diameter of 3-4cm and place it vertically. The distance between the pieces of wood should be 3-5cm. The pieces of wood should not be close to the container wall. Small wood branches can be scattered in the gaps. Use 50kg of wood pieces per square meter.

[0037] (2) Cut the Armillaria mellea spawn into pieces 4cm×4cm×2.5cm in size and place them at the cut end of the wood segment. The dosage of Armillaria mellea is 4kg / m 2 Then fill the gaps between the wood segments with soil, and continue to cover with soil to a thickness of 4-6cm; cover with 5cm of dry straw; cultivate at 24±1℃ for 100-110 days, controlling the humidity at 23-25% during the cultivation process to obtain the mushroom bed;

[0038] (3) Turn over the covering material and soil on the surface of the mushroom bed to expose the mushroom material; then select fresh, undamaged, disease-free, uniform in size, spindle-shaped, with obvious buds, and each Gastrodia elata seed weighing 15-20g. Place the Gastrodia elata seeds around the mushroom material, with the growth cones of the Gastrodia elata seeds placed at a 30-40 degree angle upwards. Place 10 Gastrodia elata seeds in each layer, with a spacing of 5-7cm between the Gastrodia elata seeds; then cover with 5-6cm of soil and 4-5cm of dry straw, and then carry out conventional planting management.

[0039] Example 2

[0040] A container-restricted cultivation method to alleviate the obstacle of continuous cropping in the asexual reproduction of Gastrodia elata, the steps of which are as follows:

[0041] (1) Select a foam box with a size of 40cm×30cm×20cm as the container. Make 6 holes with a diameter of 0.5cm on the bottom and side of the foam box. Fill the bottom of the foam box with 5cm of soil with a moisture content of 45%. Then select oak tree segments with a length of 20-25cm and a diameter of 3-4cm and place them vertically. The spacing between the tree segments should be 3-5cm. The tree segments should not be close to the container wall. Small tree branches can be scattered in the gaps. Use 50kg of tree segments per square meter.

[0042] (2) Cut the Armillaria mellea spawn into pieces 5cm×4cm×2cm in size and place them at the cut end of the wood segment. The dosage of Armillaria mellea is 4kg / m. 2 Then fill the gaps between the wood segments with soil, and continue to cover with soil to a thickness of 5-6 cm; cover with 3-4 cm of dry straw; cultivate at 24±1℃ for 110-120 days, controlling the humidity at 23-25% during the cultivation process to obtain the mushroom bed;

[0043] (3) Turn over the covering material and soil on the surface of the mushroom bed to expose the mushroom material; then select fresh, undamaged, disease-free, uniform in size, spindle-shaped, with obvious buds, and each Gastrodia elata seed weighing 18-22g. Place the Gastrodia elata seeds around the mushroom material, with the growth cones of the Gastrodia elata seeds placed at a 30-40 degree angle upwards. Place 12 Gastrodia elata seeds in each layer, with a spacing of 5-7cm between the Gastrodia elata seeds; then cover with 5-6cm of soil and 4-5cm of dry straw, and then carry out conventional planting management.

[0044] Example 3

[0045] A container-restricted cultivation method to alleviate the obstacle of continuous cropping in the asexual reproduction of Gastrodia elata, the steps of which are as follows:

[0046] (1) Select a woven bag with a size of 50cm×40cm×20cm as a container. Make 10 holes with a diameter of 0.8cm on the bottom and side of the woven bag. Fill the bottom of the woven bag with a 5cm layer of soil with a moisture content of 35%. Then select oak tree segments with a length of 20-25cm and a diameter of 3-4cm and place them vertically. The spacing between the tree segments should be 3-5cm. The tree segments should not be close to the container wall. Small tree branches can be scattered in the gaps. Use 50kg of tree segments per square meter.

[0047] (2) Cut the Armillaria mellea spawn into pieces 5cm×5cm×3cm in size and place them at both ends of the cut surface of the wood. The amount of Armillaria mellea used is 4kg / m³. 2 Then fill the gaps between the wood segments with soil, and continue to cover with soil to a thickness of 5-6 cm; cover with 3-4 cm of dry straw; cultivate at 26±1℃ for 100-120 days, controlling the humidity at 23-25% during the cultivation process to obtain the mushroom bed;

[0048] (3) Turn over the covering material and soil on the surface of the mushroom bed to expose the mushroom material; then select fresh, undamaged, disease-free, uniform in size, spindle-shaped, with obvious buds, and each Gastrodia elata seed weighing 18-22g. Place the Gastrodia elata seeds around the mushroom material, with the growth cones of the seeds placed at a 50-60 degree angle upwards. Place 12 Gastrodia elata seeds in each layer, with a spacing of 5-7cm between the seeds; then cover with 5-6cm of soil and 4-5cm of dry straw, and then carry out conventional planting management.

[0049] Experimental Example 1

[0050] From 2022 to 2024, cultivation experiments of Gastrodia elata were conducted in Bijie, Guizhou Province, and Xiaocaoba, Yiliang County, Zhaotong City, Guizhou Province. Two cultivation modes were set up at the two locations: container confined cultivation and forest semi-wild cultivation. A total of four cultivation areas were set up, with each cultivation area being 200m². 2 .

[0051] The container-based confined cultivation process in Group 1 of Bijie, Guizhou and Group 1 of Xiaocaoba, Yiliang County, Zhaotong was as follows: In August 2022, wasteland previously used for Gastrodia elata cultivation was selected, and planting materials (including timber and Armillaria mellea spawn) were prepared; in September, planting containers (nutrient pots) were placed, a 5cm layer of uncultivated soil was laid at the bottom of the containers, timber was placed vertically, the gaps between the timber were filled with fresh soil, and the upper part of the timber was exposed by 5cm. Armillaria mellea was inoculated, and the container was covered with soil and dry straw for mycelial bed cultivation; in January 2023, the top layer of soil was dug up to expose the mycelial material, and Gastrodia elata spawn was placed near the mycelial material, covered with new soil and dry straw, and routine management was carried out; in January 2024, Gastrodia elata was harvested.

[0052] The understory semi-wild cultivation process in Group 2 of Bijie, Guizhou and Group 2 of Xiaocaoba, Yiliang County, Zhaotong, was as follows: In August 2022, a mountain forest area that had not been planted with Gastrodia elata was selected next to the plot where it had been planted before, and planting materials (including timber and Armillaria mellea spawn) were prepared; in September, the land was prepared, pits were dug, timber was stored, Armillaria mellea was inoculated, and soil and dry straw were added for mycelial bed cultivation; in January 2023, the mycelial bed was dug up to expose the mycelial material, and Gastrodia elata spawn was placed near the mycelial material, covered with new soil and dry straw, and daily management was carried out; in January 2024, Gastrodia elata was harvested.

[0053] Table 1. Setting of different cultivation areas

[0054]

[0055]

[0056] In January 2024, Gastrodia elata was harvested and its yield was measured. During harvesting, each hole was collected separately, and the Gastrodia elata was picked out and weighed. The yield of Gastrodia elata was calculated, and the results are shown in Table 2.

[0057] Table 2. Gastrodia elata yield in different treatment groups

[0058]

[0059] After washing the harvested Gastrodia elata, steam it at 100℃ for 10-20 minutes. The specific steaming time depends on the size of the Gastrodia elata; it should be steamed thoroughly. Slice the thoroughly steamed Gastrodia elata into slices 0.2-0.3 cm thick. Dry them using electric heating and forced air drying at 40-50℃ until constant weight, then pulverize and sieve. The main active components of Gastrodia elata are determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The main active components include gastrodin (GA), p-hydroxybenzyl alcohol (HA), balithenoside A (PA), balithenoside B (PB), balithenoside C (PC), and balithenoside E (PE). The determination results are shown in Table 3.

[0060] The HPLC chromatographic conditions were as follows: Hypersil C18 (Gemini 5μC1810A, 4.6mm × 250mm; Phernomex C18 guard column); mobile phase A was acetonitrile, mobile phase B was 0.1% phosphoric acid aqueous solution, gradient elution was adopted (0–10 min, A:B = 2:98; 10–20 min, A:B = 8:92; 20–30 min, A:B = 12:88; 30–47 min, A:B = 25:75; 47–53 min, A:B = 90:10; 53–60 min, A:B = 2:98); flow rate 1.0 mL / min; column temperature 35℃; detection wavelength 270 nm; injection volume 5 μL.

[0061] Preparation of standard solutions: Gastrodin, p-hydroxybenzyl alcohol, and barine glycosides (PA, PB, PC, PE) were accurately weighed and dissolved in 75% ethanol to form their respective stock solutions. These stock solutions were then mixed with other reference standards to prepare a solution, which was then stored at 4°C for later use.

[0062] Sample preparation: 0.5 g of Gastrodia elata powder was accurately weighed and then an appropriate amount of 75% ethanol was added to a 25 mL stoppered conical flask. The flask was then sonicated for 30 minutes. After sonication, the sample volume was adjusted to 25 mL (with the addition of 75% ethanol), and the sample was filtered through a microporous membrane (0.45 μm pore size) to obtain the sample solution.

[0063] Inject the reference solution and the test solution under chromatographic conditions.

[0064] Table 3. Gastrodia elata yield in different treatment groups

[0065]

[0066] As shown in Tables 1 and 2, the yield of Gastrodia elata grown using the container-restricted cultivation method in Bijie, Guizhou Province, was higher than that grown using the forest-based semi-wild cultivation method. The contents of barisonin A, barisonin B, barisonin C, and barisonin E in the container-restricted cultivation group were all higher than those in the forest-based semi-wild cultivation group. Furthermore, the contents of gastrodin and p-hydroxybenzyl alcohol in the container-restricted cultivation group were higher than those in the forest-based semi-wild cultivation group. The technology described in this invention can better maintain the yield of Gastrodia elata and increase the content of its main effective components.

[0067] In summary, the technical solution of this invention can effectively alleviate the problem of continuous cropping obstacles in container-restricted cultivation of Gastrodia elata, promote centralized and standardized cultivation of Gastrodia elata, solve the problem of the gradual reduction of suitable cultivation sites in the cultivation process of Gastrodia elata, effectively alleviate the problem of continuous cropping obstacles in Gastrodia elata, and promote the sustainable development of Gastrodia elata.

[0068] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A container-based confined cultivation method for alleviating the obstacles of continuous cropping in the asexual reproduction of Gastrodia elata, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: (1) Fill the container with planting soil and place wood segments and Armillaria mellea, then cover with soil and keep warm before carrying out the culture bed cultivation; (2) Expose the fungal material, place Gastrodia elata seeds around the fungal material, cover with soil and keep warm, and then carry out routine planting management.

2. The container-based confined cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The container in step (1) has a size of (40-60)cm×(30-50)cm×(20-40)cm. The bottom and side surfaces of the container are drilled with 6-10 holes, and the diameter of the holes is 0.5-0.8cm.

3. The container-based confined cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (1), the wood segment is placed vertically, and the Armillaria mellea is placed at the cut of the wood segment.

4. The container confined cultivation method according to claim 3, characterized in that, The spacing between the wood segments is 3-5 cm, and the amount of wood segments used is 45-65 kg / m³. 2 ; The dimensions of the Armillaria mellea are (3-5)cm × (3-5)cm × (2-3)cm, and the dosage of the Armillaria mellea is 3-5kg / m³. 2 .

5. The container-based confined cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The planting soil in step (1) is soil or sand, and the moisture content of the planting soil is 35-45%. The thickness of the planting soil is 5-8cm, and the thickness of the covering soil is 4-6cm.

6. The container-based confined cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The insulation treatment involves covering the area with dry straw or pine needles, with a thickness of 3-6 cm.

7. The container confined cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The culture temperature in step (1) is 15-30℃, and the culture time is 100-120 days; The humidity is controlled at 20-25% during the cultivation process.

8. The container confined cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (2), place 8-12 Gastrodia elata seeds around each layer of fungal material, with a spacing of 5-8 cm between the seeds.

9. The container-based confined cultivation method according to claim 8, characterized in that, Place the growth cones of Gastrodia elata at a 30-60 degree angle upwards.

Images