Pomacea canaliculata killing agent as well as preparation method and application thereof

Abstract

The embodiment of the invention provides a pomacea canaliculata killing agent as well as a preparation method and application thereof. The pomacea canaliculata killing agent is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 25%-50% of niclosamide liquid and 50%-75% of solidago canaliculata grinding liquid, the concentration range of the niclosamide liquid is 1-2 mg.L <-1 >, and the concentration range of the solidago canaliculata grinding liquid is 0.5-50 g.L <-1 >. The pomacea canaliculata killing agent provided by the embodiment of the invention can be used for killing pomacea canaliculata, and meanwhile, the killing efficiency is ensured, the toxicity is reduced, the influence on the environment is reduced, and the cost is reduced.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of agents for preventing and treating harmful mollusks, and in particular to a golden apple snail killing agent, a preparation method of the golden apple snail killing agent and application thereof. BACKGROUND

[0002] The golden apple snail is a mollusk of the family Ampullariidae in the order Succineida, which is originally from South America and has a similar appearance to the Chinese round mud snail. In 2003, the golden apple snail was also listed in the first batch of invasive species in China by the General Administration of Environmental Protection of China and the Chinese Academy of Sciences. At present, chemical control is the most commonly used technical means in the prevention and control of the golden apple snail, and the control is basically carried out after the golden apple snail is rampant. Although the effect of chemical control is obvious, the chemical control has great limitations because of its great toxicity to aquatic organisms and its influence on the normal flow of matter and energy in the ecological system. Physical control methods such as manual fishing and setting up interception nets are environmentally friendly, but have high labor costs and are difficult to completely solve the problem. Biological control is mostly carried out by introducing natural enemies, which has many uncontrollable factors.

[0003] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a new golden apple snail killing agent to kill the golden apple snail while ensuring the killing efficiency, reducing the toxicity, reducing the impact on the environment and reducing the cost. SUMMARY

[0004] Therefore, in order to overcome at least some of the defects and deficiencies in the prior art, the embodiments of the present application provide a golden apple snail killing agent, a preparation method of the golden apple snail killing agent and application thereof, which achieve the killing of the golden apple snail while ensuring the killing efficiency, reducing the toxicity, reducing the impact on the environment and reducing the cost.

[0005] Specifically, in one aspect, the embodiments of the present application provide a golden apple snail killing agent, which is made of the following raw materials in a weight ratio: 25% to 50% of a niclosamide solution and 50% to 75% of a goldenrod grinding solution, the concentration of the niclosamide solution ranges from 1 to 2 mg·L -1 , and the concentration of the goldenrod grinding solution ranges from 0.5 to 50 g·L -1 .

[0006] In one specific embodiment of the present application, the weight ratio of the niclosamide solution to the goldenrod grinding solution is 33.3%:66.7%.

[0007] In one specific embodiment of the present application, the concentration of the goldenrod ranges from 50 g·L -1 , and the concentration of the niclosamide solution ranges from 1.6 mg·L -1 .

[0008] In one specific embodiment of the present application, the main effective component of the niclosamide liquid medicine is N-(2-chloro-4-nitrophenyl)-2-hydroxy-5-chlorobenzamide.

[0009] In another aspect, the present application also provides a preparation method of the golden apple snail killing agent, comprising: cutting stems and leaves of Solidago canadensis to obtain stem and leaf raw materials; grinding and filtering the stem and leaf raw materials to obtain a filtrate; mixing the filtrate and water to obtain a Solidago canadensis grinding liquid, the concentration of the Solidago canadensis grinding liquid being in the range of 0.5-50 g·L -1 ; configuring a niclosamide liquid medicine with a concentration in the range of 1-2 mg·L -1 ; mixing 25%-50% of the niclosamide liquid medicine and 50%-75% of the Solidago canadensis grinding liquid to obtain the golden apple snail killing agent.

[0010] In one specific embodiment of the present application, the weight ratio of the niclosamide liquid medicine to the Solidago canadensis grinding liquid is 33.3%:66.7%.

[0011] In one specific embodiment of the present application, the concentration of the Solidago canadensis is 50 g·L -1 , and the concentration of the niclosamide liquid medicine is 1.6 mg·L -1 .

[0012] In one specific embodiment of the present application, the main component of the niclosamide liquid medicine is N-(2-chloro-4-nitrophenyl)-2-hydroxy-5-chlorobenzamide.

[0013] In one specific embodiment of the present application, in the step of cutting stems and leaves of Solidago canadensis to obtain stem and leaf raw materials, the stems and leaves of Solidago canadensis are fresh stems and leaves.

[0014] In another aspect, the present application also provides the use of the golden apple snail killing agent as described above or the golden apple snail killing agent prepared by the preparation method of the golden apple snail killing agent in killing golden apple snails.

[0015] As can be seen from the above, the golden apple snail killing agent provided by the present application is prepared from the following raw materials in the following weight ratio: 25%-50% of a niclosamide liquid medicine and 50%-75% of a Solidago canadensis grinding liquid, the concentration of the niclosamide liquid medicine being in the range of 1-2 mg·L -1 , and the concentration of the Solidago canadensis grinding liquid being in the range of 0.5-50 g·L -1 , which can achieve the killing of golden apple snails, ensure the killing efficiency, reduce the toxicity, reduce the impact on the environment, and reduce the cost. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0016] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the following will briefly introduce the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments description. Obviously, the drawings in the following description only some of the embodiments of the present application, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can also be obtained without creative labor based on these drawings.

[0017] Figure 1 The flowchart of the preparation method of the golden apple snail killing agent provided in the embodiments of the present application is shown in the figure.

[0018] Figure 2 The linear fitting figure of the number of snails killed by different concentrations of Canadian goldenrod is shown in the figure.

[0019] Figure 3 The figure of the number of snails killed by different concentrations of Canadian goldenrod grinding liquid is shown in the figure.

[0020] Figure 4 The figure of the number of snails killed by different proportions of Canadian goldenrod grinding liquid and niclosamide liquid is shown in the figure.

[0021] Figure 5 The difference comparison of the efficiency of killing golden apple snails between the golden apple snail killing agent and pure niclosamide liquid provided in the embodiments is shown in the figure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present application more clear, the following will combine the drawings to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some of the embodiments of the present application, not all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments described in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor are within the protection scope of the present application.

[0023] It should be noted that all directional indications (such as up, down, left, right, front, back, top, bottom) in the embodiments of the present application are only used to explain the relative position relationship, movement condition and the like between components in a certain posture (as shown in the drawings), if the certain posture changes, the directional indications also change accordingly. In addition, the term "vertical" involved in the embodiments of the present application refers to the included angle between two elements being 90° or having a deviation of-5° to +5°, and the term "parallel" refers to the included angle between two elements being 0° or having a deviation of-5° to +5°.

[0024] The descriptions such as “first”, “second”, etc. in the embodiments of the present application are only for the purpose of description and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features. Therefore, the features defined as “first”, “second” can explicitly or implicitly include at least one of the features.

[0025] The apple snail has the characteristics of fast reproduction, strong reproductive capacity, large food intake, various food types, strong environmental adaptability and lack of natural enemies, which has caused great damage to the ecological environment and species diversity of China. Therefore, it is urgent to prevent and control the apple snail. However, the existing chemical control method is toxic to aquatic organisms, the physical control is labor-intensive and high in labor cost, the biological control is uncontrollable, the existing plant killing technology selects plants with high economic cost, and the killing efficiency is low. Therefore, the present application provides a kind of apple snail killing agent, preparation method and application, which realizes the killing of apple snail, ensures the killing efficiency, reduces the toxicity, reduces the influence on the environment, and reduces the cost.

[0026] The apple snail killing agent provided by the embodiments of the present application is made of the following weight ratio of raw materials: 25% to 50% of niclosamide liquid and 50% to 75% of Solidago canadensis L. grinding liquid, the concentration of the niclosamide liquid is 1 to 2 mg·L -1 , and the concentration of the Solidago canadensis L. grinding liquid is 0.5 to 50 g·L -1 . First, the Solidago canadensis L. grinding liquid can make the liver of the apple snail atrophy and show obvious damage, and also can damage the endoplasmic reticulum in the liver cells and reduce the number of mitochondria, so the Solidago canadensis L. grinding liquid has a killing effect on the apple snail, and the niclosamide liquid also has a good killing effect on the apple snail, so the mixing of the Solidago canadensis L. grinding liquid and the niclosamide liquid can also ensure the killing effect of the apple snail killing agent. Second, the Solidago canadensis L. grinding liquid is taken from Solidago canadensis L., which has no subsequent toxicity, so the mixing of the Solidago canadensis L. grinding liquid and the niclosamide liquid can greatly reduce the subsequent toxicity of the apple snail killing agent and the influence on the ecological system compared with the niclosamide liquid alone. Third, Solidago canadensis L. (scientific name: Solidago canadensis L.) is a perennial herb of the genus Solidago in the family Asteraceae, which is originally from the northeast of North America. As an alien species, it has caused significant and difficult-to-control damage to the local ecological system, biodiversity and economic production by virtue of its biological characteristics and environmental adaptability, and has been listed as “ecological killer” in the “List of Chinese Alien Invasive Species” (second batch) and “List of Key Management Alien Invasive Species”, so it can kill and reuse Solidago canadensis L. as the raw material of the Solidago canadensis L. grinding liquid, which can reduce the cost of raw materials and kill Solidago canadensis L.

[0027] Preferably, in one embodiment of the present application, the weight ratio of the niclosamide liquid and the goldenrod grinding liquid is 33.3%:66.7%. Through such a proportioning, the golden apple snail killing agent has a better killing effect on the golden apple snail, and due to the larger proportion of the goldenrod grinding liquid, the subsequent toxicity of the agent can be further reduced while ensuring the killing effect.

[0028] Preferably, in one embodiment of the present application, the concentration of the goldenrod is 50g·L -1 , and the concentration of the niclosamide liquid is 1.6mg·L -1 . Through the concentration of the goldenrod being 50g·L -1 , and the concentration of the niclosamide liquid being 1.6mg·L -1 , the killing effect of the golden apple snail killing agent on the golden apple snail can be improved.

[0029] In the present embodiment, the main effective component of the niclosamide liquid is N-(2-chloro-4-nitrophenyl)-2-hydroxy-5-chlorobenzamide, of course, the niclosamide liquid can also include other components, and the present embodiment is not limited thereto.

[0030] The preparation method of the golden apple snail killing agent provided by the present embodiment is used for preparing the golden apple snail killing agent as described in the above embodiments. Referring to Figure 1 , the preparation method of the golden apple snail killing agent includes the following steps:

[0031] S10, cutting the stems and leaves of the goldenrod to obtain stem and leaf raw materials;

[0032] S20, grinding and filtering the stem and leaf raw materials to obtain a filtrate;

[0033] S30, mixing the filtrate and water to obtain a goldenrod grinding liquid, and the concentration of the goldenrod grinding liquid is 0.5-50g·L -1 ;

[0034] S40, configuring a niclosamide liquid with a concentration of 1-2mg·L -1 ;

[0035] S50, mixing 25%-50% of the niclosamide liquid and 50%-75% of the goldenrod grinding liquid to obtain a golden apple snail killing agent.

[0036] In this embodiment, the stems and leaves of *Solidago canadensis* are fresh. Specifically, the fresh samples of *Solidago canadensis* can be washed, and the stems and leaves can be chopped, then ground and filtered to obtain a grinding liquid. Grinding can be performed using a mortar and pestle, or a grinder, and filtration can be performed using a filter screen or other filtration device. This embodiment is not limited to these methods; any grinding and filtration process is acceptable. The filtrate is mixed with water according to a preset ratio to obtain a concentration ranging from 0.5 to 50 g / L. -1 The Canadian goldenrod extract was then prepared. Concentrations ranging from 1 to 2 mg / L were then used. -1 The molluscicide solution; mix 25%–50% of molluscicide solution and 50%–75% of Canadian goldenrod grinding liquid to obtain a golden apple snail exterminator.

[0037] The method for preparing the golden apple snail killer provided in this invention provides a method for effectively killing golden apple snails while ensuring killing efficiency, reducing toxicity, minimizing environmental impact, and lowering costs. Furthermore, the preparation method in this embodiment is simple, the process is straightforward, easy to produce, and can significantly reduce process costs. Firstly, because the Canadian goldenrod grinding liquid causes liver atrophy and significant damage in golden apple snails, and also damages the endoplasmic reticulum and reduces the number of mitochondria in hepatocytes, the Canadian goldenrod grinding liquid has a killing effect on golden apple snails. The molluscicide also has a good killing effect on golden apple snails; therefore, mixing the Canadian goldenrod grinding liquid and the molluscicide can ensure the killing effect of the golden apple snail killer. Secondly, the Canadian goldenrod grinding liquid is derived from Canadian goldenrod and does not have subsequent toxicity. Therefore, mixing the Canadian goldenrod grinding liquid and the molluscicide can significantly reduce the subsequent toxicity of the golden apple snail killer compared to the molluscicide alone, thus reducing the impact on the ecosystem. Furthermore, since Canadian goldenrod (scientific name: Solidago canadensis L.) is a perennial herbaceous plant of the genus Solidago in the Asteraceae family, native to northeastern North America, as an invasive species, it has caused significant and uncontrollable damage to native ecosystems, biodiversity, and economic production due to its biological characteristics and environmental adaptability. It has now been listed as an "ecological killer" in the "List of Invasive Alien Species in China" (Second Batch) and the "List of Key Managed Invasive Alien Species". Therefore, as a raw material for Canadian goldenrod grinding liquid, it can kill and reuse Canadian goldenrod, which can reduce raw material costs and kill Canadian goldenrod at the same time.

[0038] Preferably, in one embodiment of the present application, the weight ratio of the niclosamide liquid and the goldenrod grinding liquid is 33.3%:66.7%. By setting such a proportion, the golden apple snail killing agent has better killing effect on the golden apple snails, and due to the larger proportion of the goldenrod grinding liquid, the subsequent toxicity of the agent can be further reduced while ensuring the killing effect.

[0039] Preferably, in one embodiment of the present application, the concentration of the goldenrod is 50g·L -1 , and the concentration of the niclosamide liquid is 1.6mg·L -1 . By setting the concentration of the goldenrod as 50g·L -1 , and the concentration of the niclosamide liquid as 1.6mg·L -1 , the killing effect of the golden apple snail killing agent on the golden apple snails can be improved.

[0040] In the present embodiment, the main effective component of the niclosamide liquid is N-(2-chloro-4-nitrophenyl)-2-hydroxy-5-chlorobenzamide, of course, the niclosamide liquid can also include other components, and the present embodiment is not limited thereto.

[0041] The present application also provides the use of the golden apple snail killing agent prepared by the preparation method of the above-mentioned embodiment in killing the golden apple snails. For example, when it is necessary to kill the golden apple snails, the golden apple snail killing agent is put into the water area of the golden apple snails, and the interval is 10-30 days, or it can be put according to the demand, and the present embodiment is not limited thereto.

[0042] In order to facilitate the understanding of the killing effect of the golden apple snail killing agent provided by the present application on the golden apple snails, the following specific experimental examples are used for illustration.

[0043]

Experimental Example One

[0044] Fresh samples of the collected goldenrod plants are cut into stems and leaves, ground with a mortar, filtered to obtain a grinding liquid, and for example, the obtained grinding liquid is bottled, capped, and placed in a refrigerator for standby. Six water tanks containing 5L of clean water are prepared, and 30 golden apple snails (size: 4.0cm-5.0cm, uniformly raised for 3 days in advance) are put into each water tank. Five experimental groups are designed in the present experimental example, and one blank control group is designed. A certain amount of plant grinding liquid sample is weighed on a balance and added to the experimental groups, and the five experimental groups are diluted to 0.5g·L -1 , 1g·L -1 , 5g·L -1 , 10g·L -1 , and 50g·L -1The control group was placed with the same amount of water. The number of dead snails was counted every 12 hours for a total of 72 hours.

[0045] As shown in Figure 2 , the linear fitting diagram of the number of snails killed by different concentrations of goldenrod is shown in Figure 2 From Figure 2 , it can be seen that there is a good positive linear relationship between the number of snails killed by different concentrations of goldenrod and the concentration (R2=0.9381). The higher the concentration of goldenrod, the better the snail killing effect. As shown in Figure 3 , the statistical diagram of the number of snails killed by different concentrations of goldenrod is shown in Figure 3 From Figure 3 , it can be seen that “*”: P<0.05; “**”: P<0.01; “***”: P<0.001; the number of snails killed by 50g / L of goldenrod within 72 hours is significantly higher than that of the rest (P>0.001); and the difference in snail killing efficiency between different concentrations of goldenrod becomes more and more significant as time increases. Therefore, the snail killing effect of 50g·L -1 of goldenrod is more significant.

[0046]

Experimental Example Two

[0047] Prepare the MLJ solution and the goldenrod solution, and configure 1.6mg·L -1 of MLJ and 50g·L -1 of goldenrod. Prepare four water tanks containing 5L of water, and put 30 large snails (size: 4.0cm-5.0cm, previously uniformly raised for 3 days) in each tank. Design three experimental groups: 50% goldenrod solution + 50% MLJ solution, 66.7% goldenrod solution + 33.3% MLJ solution, and 75% goldenrod solution + 25% MLJ solution, and one blank control group, which is placed with the same amount of water. The number of dead snails is counted every 12 hours for a total of 72 hours.

[0048] As shown in Figure 4 , the statistical diagram of the number of snails killed by different proportions of goldenrod solution and MLJ solution is shown in Figure 4 From Figure 4The experimental results show that the killing efficiency of the combination of 50% goldenrod grinding solution + 50% MLJ and the combination of 66.7% goldenrod grinding solution + 33.3% MLJ is less different, and both are significantly higher than the combination of 75% goldenrod grinding solution + 25% MLJ. However, due to the long duration of the after-toxicity of the MLJ solution, the combination of 66.7% goldenrod grinding solution + 33.3% MLJ can reduce the use amount of the MLJ solution and ensure the killing efficiency, and increase the use amount of the goldenrod, so as to reduce the subsequent toxicity of the golden apple snail killing agent.

[0049] [Experimental Example Three]

[0050] Three water tanks containing 5L of clean water were prepared, and 30 golden apple snails (size: 4.0cm-5.0cm, uniformly raised for 3 days in advance) were put into each water tank. Two experimental groups and one blank control group were designed in this experimental example, and 1.6mg·L -1 of MLJ solution and 50g·L -1 of goldenrod grinding solution were configured. One experimental group was 5L of pure MLJ solution (1.6mg·L -1 ), and the other experimental group was 1.6mg·L -1 of MLJ solution 1.67L and 50g·L -1 of goldenrod grinding solution 3.33L, and the blank control group was filled with the same amount of clean water. The number of dead golden apple snails was counted every 12 hours, and the counting was performed for 72 hours.

[0051] Referring to Figure 5 , Figure 5 the difference in killing efficiency of the golden apple snail killing agent provided in this embodiment and the pure MLJ solution is shown in the figure. "*": P<0.05, the killing efficiency of the golden apple snail killing agent is lower than that of the pure MLJ (P<0.05) within 36 hours, but there is no significant difference between the killing efficiency of the golden apple snail killing agent and that of the pure MLJ within 36-72 hours, which can be a perfect substitute for the pure MLJ as a new type of snail killing agent.

[0052] According to the above experimental examples, the golden apple snail killing agent provided in the embodiment of the present application can kill the golden apple snails and ensure the killing efficiency of the golden apple snails. When the concentration of the goldenrod grinding solution is 50g·L -1 , the killing effect on the golden apple snails is more significant. The combination of 66.7% goldenrod grinding solution and 33.3% MLJ can reduce the use amount of the MLJ solution and ensure the killing efficiency, and increase the use amount of the goldenrod, so as to reduce the subsequent toxicity of the golden apple snail killing agent.

[0053] In addition, it can be understood that the foregoing various embodiments are only exemplary descriptions of the present application, and under the premise that technical features do not conflict, structures are not contradictory, and do not deviate from the purpose of the application, the technical solutions of various embodiments can be arbitrarily combined and used.

[0054] Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application, and not to limit them; although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand: it can still modify the technical solutions recorded in the foregoing embodiments, or make equivalent replacement for part of the technical features; and these modifications or replacements do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application.

Claims

1. A poisoning agent for golden apple snails, characterized in that, The golden apple snail exterminant is made from the following raw materials in the indicated weight ratios: 25%–50% molluscicide solution and 50%–75% Canadian goldenrod grinding liquid, wherein the concentration of the molluscicide solution is 1–2 mg·L⁻¹. -1 The concentration range of the Canadian goldenrod grinding solution is 0.5–50 g·L⁻¹. -1 .

2. The golden apple snail exterminator as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The weight ratio of the molluscicide solution and the Canadian goldenrod grinding solution is 33.3% : 66.7%.

3. The golden apple snail exterminator as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The concentration range of the Canadian goldenrod is 50 g·L⁻¹. -1 The concentration range of the molluscicide solution is 1.6 mg·L⁻¹. -1 .

4. The golden apple snail exterminator as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The main active ingredient of the molluscicide solution is N-(2-chloro-4-nitrophenyl)-2-hydroxy-5-chlorobenzamide.

5. A method for preparing a golden apple snail exterminator, characterized in that, include: The stems and leaves of Canadian goldenrod are chopped to obtain the stem and leaf raw material; The stem and leaf raw materials are ground and filtered to obtain filtrate; The filtrate was mixed with water to obtain a Canadian goldenrod grinding solution, the concentration of which ranged from 0.5 to 50 g·L⁻¹. -1 ; The concentration range for preparation is 1–2 mg·L. -1 The molluscicide solution; A golden apple snail exterminant is obtained by mixing 25%–50% of molluscicide solution and 50%–75% of ground goldenrod extract.

6. The method for preparing the golden apple snail exterminant as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The weight ratio of the molluscicide solution and the Canadian goldenrod grinding solution is 33.3% : 66.7%.

7. The method for preparing the golden apple snail exterminator as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The concentration range of the Canadian goldenrod is 50 g·L⁻¹. -1 The concentration range of the molluscicide solution is 1.6 mg·L⁻¹. -1 .

8. The method for preparing the golden apple snail exterminator as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The main component of the molluscicide solution is N-(2-chloro-4-nitrophenyl)-2-hydroxy-5-chlorobenzamide.

9. The method for preparing the golden apple snail exterminator as described in claim 5, characterized in that, In the step of cutting the stems and leaves of Canadian goldenrod into small pieces to obtain stem and leaf raw materials, the stems and leaves of Canadian goldenrod are fresh stems and leaves.

10. The application of a golden apple snail killer prepared by the method of any one of claims 1 to 4 or any one of claims 5 to 9 in the eradication of golden apple snails.

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