Formula composition containing phycocyanin peptide and application of formula composition in improvement of chronic obstructive pneumonia

Abstract

The invention relates to a formula composition containing phycocyanin peptide and application of the formula composition in improvement of chronic obstructive pneumonia, and belongs to the field of functional formula food. The composition is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 22.6 to 42.6 g of phycocyanin peptide, 10 to 30 g of fat, 27 to 47 g of carbohydrate, 1.0 to 2.0 g of vitamin, 1.1 to 4.1 g of mineral substances and 0.1 to 0.5 g of auxiliary materials. The formula food is balanced in nutrition, can supplement high-quality nitrogen (protein) for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases, can effectively improve symptoms of chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases and inflammatory response of organisms, and improves lung functions.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to a formula composition containing phycocyanin peptide and its application in improving chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, belonging to the field of functional formula food. BACKGROUND

[0002] Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a respiratory disease characterized by progressive airflow limitation, and is one of the common chronic diseases in the elderly. According to statistics, more than 3.9 million people worldwide die of COPD every year. At present, there are about 100 million COPD patients in China, accounting for about 25% of the global COPD patient population, and COPD has become the third most common chronic disease in China after hypertension and diabetes, and is an important health problem in China. Bronchodilator drugs and hormones are the main treatment recommended by the current domestic and foreign COPD prevention and control guidelines, but their therapeutic effect is poor, and the mortality, re-hospitalization rate and disability rate are high, which has brought a heavy burden to families and society.

[0003] Chronic inflammation plays an important role in the development of COPD, which can cause lung parenchyma and airway damage, leading to persistent and progressive airflow limitation. Under the stimulation of cigarette smoke, various inflammatory cells in the body of COPD patients, including macrophages, lymphocytes and neutrophils, etc., gather and activate at the lung blood vessels, peripheral airways and lung parenchyma, and rapidly produce and secrete various chemokines and inflammatory factors such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-8 and interferon (IFN)-γ, etc. High levels of systemic inflammation increase the risk of complications such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease and lung cancer. Therefore, COPD patients with persistent and systemic inflammation often face higher mortality and more frequent acute exacerbations.

[0004] COPD is a chronic and consuming disease, and the respiratory muscles of patients work harder, and the resting energy consumption increases. Most COPD patients have insufficient food intake due to depression or difficulty breathing, and the overall energy supply is imbalanced, and the body will break down proteins to provide energy, leading to nitrogen (protein) loss. In addition, due to airflow obstruction, the hypoxia in the lungs of COPD patients will trigger low-grade inflammation, accelerate muscle cell apoptosis and protein degradation, leading to skeletal muscle dysfunction, muscle strength and endurance decline, muscle loss, etc., which exacerbates the imbalance of nitrogen (protein) in the body of patients. Studies have found that nutritional support is the key to alleviate COPD. Adequate intake of high-quality protein and peptides helps to improve the nutritional status of COPD patients, can reduce the nitrogen loss (protein) of COPD patients, reduce the frequency of acute exacerbation, delay disease progression, and the lung function of patients can also be significantly improved. Therefore, the conventional nutritional support scheme cannot meet the clinical needs of patients, and the nutritional support scheme of "high protein, high-quality protein" has important significance for improving the condition of COPD patients.

[0005] The invention patent application number CN202411969614.0 discloses a traditional Chinese medicine composition for treating early-stage chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and its application, comprising the following raw materials: Astragalus membranaceus, Codonopsis pilosula, Pinellia ternata, and Tussilago farfara. The beneficial effects are: it can improve cough and sputum symptoms in early-stage COPD patients, reduce CAT scores, decrease the risk of acute exacerbations, improve exercise tolerance and quality of life, and effectively treat early-stage COPD.

[0006] Chinese patent application CN202411878048.2 discloses a traditional Chinese medicine composition for relieving chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and its application. The composition includes gypsum, agastache rugosa, gardenia, saposhnikovia divaricata, and stir-fried coix seed. This invention, by adjusting the formula of the traditional Chinese medicine composition, can effectively relieve the symptoms of COPD.

[0007] Currently, most treatments for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) rely on traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) compositions. These studies primarily focus on TCM as the main ingredient, aiming to clarify its effect on improving COPD symptoms. However, inflammation is a significant contributing factor to COPD, and existing TCM compositions do not address the inflammatory response. COPD is a chronic wasting disease, and nutritional support is crucial for its management. While existing TCM compositions can treat COPD, they do not provide nutritional support. Although patents have been published for complete nutritional formula foods specifically designed for COPD patients, these primarily focus on providing "high-fat, low-sugar" nutritional supplementation, using traditional whey protein as the protein source. Nitrogen (protein) loss is a significant physiological problem for COPD patients and a major factor affecting their recovery; currently, there are no functional foods specifically designed to supplement protein for COPD patients. Summary of the Invention

[0008] To address the shortcomings of the prior art, this application provides a formulation composition containing phycocyanin peptides. This composition can effectively improve the symptoms of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and the body's inflammatory response, and enhance lung function.

[0009] The present invention discloses a formulation composition containing phycocyanin peptides, wherein the composition comprises, by weight: 22.6-42.6g of phycocyanin peptides, 10-30g of fat, 27-47g of carbohydrates, 1.0-2.0g of vitamins, 1.1-4.1g of minerals, and 0.1-0.5g of excipients.

[0010] Preferably, the composition comprises, by weight: 22.6–42.6 g of phycocyanin peptide, 0.5–3.5 g of L-glutamine powder, 10–30 g of fat powder, 22–42 g of maltodextrin, 2–8 g of inulin, 2–6 g of oats, 0.1–0.5 g of edible flavoring, and 2.1–6.1 g of vitamin and mineral premix powder.

[0011] Preferably, the medium-chain triglycerides in the fat powder are triglycerides formed by the combination of medium-chain fatty acids containing 6 to 12 carbon atoms and glycerol, and the proportions of medium-chain triglycerides, flaxseed oil, fish oil and tocopherol are 50%, 30%, 19.8% and 0.2%, respectively.

[0012] This application also provides the use of a formulation composition containing phycocyanin peptides in improving chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

[0013] Beneficial Effects: Based on the need for COPD patients to supplement high-quality protein, this invention selects highly functional and easily digestible substances, using phycocyanin peptides as a raw material, to prepare a functional food formula that can improve inflammation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). This formula is nutritionally balanced, can supplement COPD patients with high-quality nitrogen (protein), and can effectively improve COPD symptoms and the body's inflammatory response, thereby improving lung function. Attached Figure Description

[0014] Figure 1 The amino acid sequences of the α and β subunits of phycocyanin are shown.

[0015] Figure 2 This indicates the linking position of the phycocyanin PCB in the phycocyanin sequence.

[0016] Figure 3 This is a morphological diagram of A549 cells.

[0017] Figure 4 This is a graph showing the changes in mouse body weight and daily food intake.

[0018] Figure 5 Image of H&E staining in mouse lung tissue.

[0019] Figure 6 A, Figure 6 B. Figure 6 C and Figure 6 D represents the levels of TNF-α, NF-κB, IL-1β, and IFN-γ in each group of mice. Detailed Implementation

[0020] This invention is the first to use phycocyanin peptides, a high-quality protein obtained from algae, as the protein raw material to design a functional food product for supplementing nitrogen (protein) loss in COPD. This phycocyanin peptide formulation can improve malnutrition in patients with COPD, improve lung symptoms (function) and structure in COPD patients, inhibit inflammatory responses, improve lung function, and improve the nutritional status of COPD patients. Specifically, phycocyanin is enzymatically hydrolyzed using in vitro compound enzymatic hydrolysis technology (the specific enzymatic hydrolysis steps are: enzymatic hydrolysis of phycobiliprotein powder using a compound protease MC101 at a hydrolysis temperature of 45-50℃ for 4 hours; in the inactivation step, the inactivation temperature is 70-78℃ for 6-8 minutes, followed by spray drying) to obtain phycocyanin peptides. Then, phycocyanin peptides, L-glutamine, fat, maltodextrin, inulin, oat flour, flavoring, and a vitamin and mineral premix are mixed in a certain proportion, packaged, and protected with nitrogen gas.

[0021] The phycocyanin peptide of this invention is produced by Yantai Jia Hui Marine Biotechnology Co., Ltd.

[0022] Phycocyanin (PC) is a natural protein widely found in seaweed. It consists of α and β subunits, containing 162 and 172 amino acids respectively. Its amino acid composition is complete, including all eight essential amino acids for humans, with essential amino acids accounting for 37%, making it a high-quality protein. Figure 1 As shown, the amino acid sequences of the α and β subunits of phycocyanin are presented. Amino acids marked in red are those relevant to COPD-specific diets. Of these 334 amino acids, 131 are related to COPD-specific diets, accounting for a high proportion of 39%, making it a high-quality protein. Furthermore, due to the large molecular weight of phycocyanin, absorption by COPD patients can increase the burden on the gastrointestinal tract. Phycocyanin peptides, however, retain the original amino acid composition and are easily absorbed orally, making them a potential nutritional supplement. Phycocyanin peptides are enzymatic hydrolysis products of phycocyanin. They can improve lung damage, inhibit inflammatory responses in lung cells, and have a certain protective effect on the lungs, making them a potential nutritional supplement for COPD patients.

[0023] The phycocyanin monomer (αβ) also contains three small phycocyanin PCB molecules. Figure 2 The diagram shows the linking positions of PCBs in the phycocyanin sequence, located at Cys-84 of the α subunit and Cys-84 and Cys-155 of the β subunit, respectively. Phycocyanin peptides obtained through specific enzymatic hydrolysis (phycocyanin peptide sequences are shown in Table 1) retain the small molecule PCB compound, which possesses anti-inflammatory physiological activity and can meet the needs of COPD patients for inflammation regulation.

[0024] Table 1 Phycocyanin peptide sequences

[0025] Sequence Molecular weight QRGKDKCAR 1646.8351 AAC 849.3731 ACLR 1047.5212 AACLR 1118.5583 ACLRDM 1293.5886 AACLRDM 1364.6257 DCSA 980.395 DCSAL 1093.479 ITPGDCSA 1348.6009 ITPGDCSAL 1461.685 GITPGDCSA 1405.6224

[0026] L-Glutamine is a conditionally essential amino acid and one of the most abundant free amino acids in the human body. While the body can synthesize it under healthy conditions, its need for L-glutamine increases under stress conditions such as illness, poor nutritional status, or high-intensity exercise, leading to insufficient synthesis. Once ingested, L-glutamine can be directly absorbed and utilized, participating in normal metabolic activities, regulating cell metabolism, reducing cell damage, and providing nutritional support for COPD patients.

[0027] The fat source selected in this invention is fat powder, whose components include medium-chain triglycerides (50%), flaxseed oil (30%), fish oil (19.8%), and tocopherol (0.2%). After being broken down by lipases in the stomach and duodenum, medium-chain triglycerides can rapidly enter the liver via the portal vein and be quickly oxidized to produce energy. This rapid energy supply from medium-chain triglycerides helps alleviate fatigue in patients. The addition of flaxseed oil and fish oil compensates for the deficiency of medium-chain triglyceride intake alone, providing COPD patients with essential fatty acids such as omega-3. The addition of tocopherol not only enriches the fat composition but also possesses excellent antioxidant capabilities, eliminating the need for additional artificial antioxidants in the product.

[0028] This invention selects maltodextrin and oats as carbohydrate sources. Maltodextrin is a partially hydrolyzed starch that is digested and absorbed quickly, without placing a heavy burden on the gastrointestinal tract, making it suitable for patients, the elderly, and children. Furthermore, maltodextrin has good acid and heat resistance, making it less prone to decomposition during processing and helping to maintain food stability and shelf life. Oats are a complex carbohydrate that provides a sustained release of energy, preventing rapid rises and falls in blood sugar. Oats are rich in dietary fiber, which promotes intestinal peristalsis and prevents constipation caused by lack of physical activity. In addition, oats have a good taste and stability, which can improve patient compliance.

[0029] This invention selects inulin as a source of dietary fiber. Inulin is a soluble dietary fiber with prebiotic activity. By increasing the production of short-chain fatty acids in the intestine, inulin stimulates the growth of the colonic mucosa, expands the absorption area of ​​nutrients, and improves the absorption rate of minerals (such as calcium, magnesium, zinc, etc.).

[0030] The formulation composition of the present invention containing phycocyanin peptides is detailed in the following examples.

[0031] Example 1

[0032] A formulation composition containing phycocyanin peptides, the composition components and proportions are shown in Table 2, each 100g contains 32.6g of phycocyanin complex peptides, 2g of L-glutamine powder, 20g of fat powder, 32g of maltodextrin, 5g of inulin, 4g of oats, 0.3g of edible flavoring, and 4.1g of vitamin and mineral premix powder (vitamins and minerals (content reference GB14880)).

[0033] Medium-chain triglycerides in fats are triglycerides formed by the combination of medium-chain fatty acids (containing 6 to 12 carbon atoms) and glycerol. The proportions of medium-chain triglycerides, flaxseed oil, fish oil, and tocopherol are 50%, 30%, 19.8%, and 0.2%, respectively.

[0034] Table 2: Ingredients of Formulation Compositions Containing Phycocyanin Peptides

[0035] Ingredient list Proportion Nutritional ingredients Phycocyanin peptide 32.6％ Protein L-glutamine 2％ Protein Fat powder 20％ Fat Maltodextrin 32％ Carbohydrate Oat flour 4％ Carbohydrate Inulin 5％ Dietary fiber Essence 0.3％ Auxiliary material Vitamin and mineral premix 4.1％ Vitamin, mineral

[0036] A method for preparing a formulation composition containing phycocyanin peptides is as follows: the above components are sterilized and disinfected by ultraviolet light, and the raw materials are gradually added to a high-speed rotating mixing tank in batches according to the formula ratio requirements, so that all the raw materials are fully mixed and balanced, bagged, and filled with nitrogen for protection.

[0037] An application of a formulation composition containing phycocyanin peptides for improving chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is detailed in the following experimental examples. In Experimental Examples 1 and 2, the control group consisted of normal mouse lung tissue; the model group consisted of lung tissue from mice with COPD; the administration group consisted of the phycocyanin peptide formulation food from Example 1 of this application, 500 mg / kg; and the positive control group consisted of carbocysteine, 225 mg / kg.

[0038] Experimental Example 1

[0039] The in vitro experiment on the improvement of COPD by the formulation composition containing phycocyanin peptide obtained in Example 1 was conducted using A549 cell experiments. The specific steps are as follows:

[0040] A59 cells in logarithmic growth phase were injected with 1×10⁻⁶ cells. 4 The cells were seeded at a density of cells / well in 96-well plates and cultured for 24 hours. Then, they were treated with cigarette extract to establish an in vitro COPD cell model. The cells were also treated with the formulation composition containing phycocyanin peptide obtained in Example 1. The morphology of A549 cells was observed after 24 hours.

[0041] An in vitro model of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) was established using cigarette extract to induce A549 cells. Figure 3 As shown, Figure 3 A represents the control group. A549 cells are polygonal or spindle-shaped, with plump cell shapes, exhibiting good growth. Figure 3B represents the cell morphology of the model group, showing a significant increase in intercellular spaces, a large number of atrophied round or elongated cells with protruding tentacles, and very few polygonal or spindle-shaped cells. Figure 3 C represents the cell morphology of the formulation composition containing phycocyanin peptides. The cells are plump, mainly polygonal or spindle-shaped, with very few elongated cells. The intercellular spaces are small, which is close to the cell morphology of the control group. Figure 3 D represents the cell morphology in the positive drug carbocysteine ​​group, showing normal cell morphology, similar to the control group. In summary, the formulation containing phycocyanin peptides effectively maintained the normal morphology of A549 cells, inhibited cell deformability and intercellular space enlargement, indicating a protective effect on alveolar cells.

[0042] Experimental Example 2

[0043] The in vivo experiment on the improvement of COPD by the formulation composition containing phycocyanin peptide obtained in Example 1 was conducted using a COPD mouse model. The specific steps are as follows:

[0044] Forty SPF-grade male C57BL / 6 mice were randomly divided into a control group, a model group, a formulation composition containing phycocyanin peptides obtained in Example 1 (500 mg / kg), and a positive control group (carbocysteine, 225 mg / kg), with 10 mice in each group. Except for the control group, the other three groups of mice were exposed to cigarette smoke in a homemade cigarette box (60 × 57 × 100 cm). Each group of mice was exposed to 10 filtered cigarettes twice daily, with each exposure lasting approximately 2 hours, and an interval of more than 4 hours between exposures, 6 days a week for 12 consecutive weeks. The control group animals were exposed to indoor air. On days 1 and 14 of the experiment, mice were anesthetized with isoflurane and then administered LPS (75 μg / mouse) via nasal drops. Drug intervention was performed from weeks 9 to 12. During modeling and intervention, mouse weight was measured weekly; during the formulated food intervention, the mice's food intake was measured weekly to observe nutritional improvement.

[0045] like Figure 4 As shown, from Figure 4 As shown in Figure A, compared to the control group, the mice exhibited a decreasing weight trend after the first week of smoke exposure and LPS infusion. Over the subsequent 7 weeks, the mice showed a slow weight gain. The intervention with the formulation containing phycocyanin peptides resulted in a significant increase in mouse weight, indicating that the formulation of this invention can promote weight gain in mice and prevent nutrient loss. Figure 4B shows that after intervention with the formulation containing phycocyanin peptides, the feed intake of mice with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) significantly increased, indicating that the formulation containing phycocyanin peptides can improve the appetite of COPD mice and thus exert a nutritional support effect. The results also showed that after intervention with the formulation containing phycocyanin peptides, the mice's feed intake significantly increased, and the mice showed a clear trend of weight gain, indicating that the formulation containing phycocyanin peptides has a nutritional support effect on COPD mice and prevents nutrient loss.

[0046] The lung function, lung tissue pathological changes, and inflammatory factor levels of COPD mice were detected, and the improvement effect of the formulation composition containing phycocyanin peptide obtained in Example 1 on COPD mice was observed.

[0047] Lung function test: After the last administration and measurement of the respiratory rate of the mice, the mice were anesthetized with isoflurane, placed in the body smear chamber of the small animal pulmonary function instrument, connected to the pulmonary function measuring instrument, and the lung function of the mice was measured.

[0048] Lung tissue pathological sections: After lung function tests, the left lung of mice was fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde solution for more than 48 hours, and then embedded in paraffin. The paraffin blocks were prepared into 3-4 μm sections, stained with H&E, and the lung tissue pathology was observed under a microscope.

[0049] Inflammatory factor detection: Mouse blood was collected, allowed to stand at room temperature for 2 hours, centrifuged, and the supernatant was discarded to obtain serum, which was stored at -80℃. The levels of TNF-α, NF-κB, IL-1β and IN-γ in mouse serum were determined by ELISA.

[0050] like Figure 5 These are H&E staining images of lung tissue from each group of mice. Figure 5 A represents lung tissue from the control group mice, which shows intact structure and no obvious pathological changes. Figure 5 B shows lung tissue from the model group mice, revealing significant damage to alveolar cells and thickening of the alveolar walls. Inflammatory cell infiltration, mucus secretion, and fusion of lung cells into bullae are also relatively evident. Figure 5 C and Figure 5 D represents lung tissue from mice in the positive drug group and the formulation containing phycocyanin peptides, respectively. Significant reductions in lung epithelial cell necrosis and deformation were observed, with occasional slight thickening of the alveolar walls and a marked decrease in alveolar fusion. These results indicate that the formulation containing phycocyanin peptides can significantly reduce pathological damage in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) by reducing pulmonary inflammatory responses and mitigating lung tissue pathological damage caused by abnormally elevated levels of inflammatory factors, thereby improving COPD symptoms.

[0051] In terms of lung histopathology, intervention with the formulation containing phycocyanin peptides significantly reduced epithelial cell necrosis and deformation in the lung tissue of mice with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), with occasional slight thickening of the alveolar walls and a significant reduction in alveolar fusion. Lung function results showed that the formulation containing phycocyanin peptides improved lung function in COPD mice by alleviating airway obstruction and inhibiting pulmonary fibrosis and alveolar collapse and fusion. Figure 6 A, Figure 6 B. Figure 6 C and Figure 6 D represents the levels of TNF-α, NF-κB, IL-1β, and IFN-γ in each group of mice. These results indicate that the levels of TNF-α, NF-κB, IL-1β, and IFN-γ in mice with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) were significantly higher than those in the control group, suggesting a higher level of inflammatory response in COPD mice. After intervention with the formulation containing phycocyanin peptides, the levels of TNF-α, NF-κB, IL-1β, and IFN-γ in mice significantly decreased, indicating that the formulation containing phycocyanin peptides can reduce the inflammatory response in COPD mice, thereby improving lung tissue pathological damage.

[0052] Table 3 Lung function indicators in COPD mice

[0053]

[0054]

[0055] As shown in Table 3, compared with the control group, the respiratory resistance (Rrs) and tissue damping (G) of the model group mice were significantly reduced, indicating narrowing or obstruction of the airways. The peak respiratory flow (PEF) of the model group mice was significantly reduced, while the functional residual capacity (FRC) and forced expiratory volume at 0.1 seconds (FEV0.1) were significantly increased, further indicating that airway obstruction in COPD mice caused ventilatory dysfunction. Furthermore, the levels of Ers, Crs, Cst, and Est in COPD mice were significantly reduced, indicating decreased lung tissue elasticity and expansion capacity, suggesting pulmonary fibrosis and alveolar collapse (fusion into bullae). Compared with the model group, the formulation containing phycocyanin peptides reversed these indicators. These results suggest that the formulation containing phycocyanin peptides can improve lung function in COPD mice by alleviating airway obstruction and inhibiting pulmonary fibrosis and alveolar collapse fusion.

[0056] These results indicate that the designed formulation containing phycocyanin peptides provides nutritional support to mice with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), effectively improving COPD symptoms and inflammatory responses, and enhancing lung function.

[0057] Phycocyanin peptides are a high-quality protein and a supplement for COPD patients who experience unbalanced dietary intake and nitrogen (protein) nutrient loss. Furthermore, the PCBs in phycocyanin peptides can regulate the inflammatory response in COPD patients. Therefore, the key aspect of this invention is developing a functional protein supplement based on phycocyanin peptides to improve inflammation in COPD patients, addressing nitrogen (protein) loss and excessive inflammatory responses.

[0058] This invention utilizes high-quality anti-inflammatory proteins such as phycocyanin peptides, L-glutamine, fat, maltodextrin, and inulin to prepare a protein supplement functional food that can improve inflammation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Animal experiments have demonstrated that this formula food is nutritionally balanced, provides high-quality nitrogen (protein) for COPD, and can also improve COPD and inflammatory responses, thereby enhancing lung function.

[0059] This invention can be summarized in other specific forms that do not depart from the spirit or essential features of the invention. Therefore, in all respects, the above embodiments of the invention should be considered illustrative only and not limiting, while the claims define the scope of the invention. The foregoing description does not define the scope of the invention; therefore, any changes within the meaning and scope equivalent to the claims should be considered to be included within the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A formulation composition comprising phycocyanin peptides, characterized in that, The composition, by weight, comprises: 22.6–42.6 g of phycocyanin peptide, 10–30 g of fat, 27–47 g of carbohydrates, 1.0–2.0 g of vitamins, 1.1–4.1 g of minerals, and 0.1–0.5 g of excipients.

2. The formulation composition according to claim 1, characterized in that, The composition, by weight, comprises: 22.6–42.6 g of phycocyanin peptide, 0.5–3.5 g of L-glutamine powder, 10–30 g of fat powder, 22–42 g of maltodextrin, 2–8 g of inulin, 2–6 g of oats, 0.1–0.5 g of edible flavoring, and 2.1–6.1 g of vitamin and mineral premix powder.

3. The formulation composition according to claim 2, characterized in that, The medium-chain triglycerides in the fat powder are triglycerides formed by the combination of medium-chain fatty acids containing 6 to 12 carbon atoms and glycerol. The proportions of medium-chain triglycerides, flaxseed oil, fish oil, and tocopherol are 50%, 30%, 19.8%, and 0.2%, respectively.

4. The application of a formulation composition containing phycocyanin peptides in improving chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

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