Super-pulse thulium fiber laser therapy apparatus

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of medical apparatus and instruments, and discloses an ultra-pulse thulium fiber laser therapy apparatus, which comprises a laser, a coupler, a lithotripsy energy transmission optical fiber, a thulium fiber laser head, an electrical device, a mainboard, an air cooling device and an equipment case, the laser is of an all-fiber structure and outputs 1940-nanometer near-infrared laser, the 1940-nanometer near-infrared laser is transmitted to the thulium fiber laser head through the thulium-doped double-clad fiber, and a collimating lens set is arranged at the light emitting end of the laser head and used for shaping the laser into collimated light beams. An aspheric focusing lens and an optical fiber clamping mechanism are arranged in the coupler, and the coupler is used for focusing the collimated light beam into the lithotripsy energy transmission optical fiber; the lithotripsy energy transmission optical fiber is a multimode quartz optical fiber, the end face is polished and plated with an anti-reflection film, one end is connected with the coupler through an FC / APC interface, and the other end is connected with an external replaceable treatment handle; and the electrical device is electrically connected with the mainboard. According to the invention, efficient and intelligent heat dissipation management is realized, and the energy transmission efficiency and the output stability are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of medical device technology, and more specifically, to an ultrapulse thulium fiber laser therapy machine. Background Technology

[0002] Laser medical devices are widely used in clinical applications such as urology, otolaryngology, and laparoscopic surgery. Among them, thulium fiber lasers, due to their output wavelength being near the strong absorption peak of water (approximately 1940 nm), can achieve efficient tissue vaporization and hemostasis, making them a commonly used therapeutic light source in clinical practice. Existing ultrapulse thulium fiber laser therapy machines typically include a laser, electrical components, and a coupler. The laser and coupler are connected via thulium fiber, and the electrical components drive and control the laser, transmitting energy to the treatment end. Some devices are also equipped with a motherboard, laser head, and lithotripsy energy transmission fiber to achieve laser parameter adjustment and energy coupling transmission.

[0003] For example, while the ultrapulse thulium fiber laser therapy machine disclosed in CN211751716U uses an air-cooling device to replace water cooling, its heat dissipation efficiency is limited, making it difficult to meet the requirements of long-term high-power output. The electrical control structure is relatively simple, mostly employing constant current drive and single-point temperature monitoring, lacking a mechanism for real-time acquisition and dynamic adjustment of temperatures across multiple components. This makes the laser susceptible to thermal effects and performance fluctuations in complex working environments. Existing equipment has limited safety protection mechanisms, typically relying only on emergency stop or fiber optic connection detection, failing to achieve multi-dimensional interlock control and anomaly recording, posing certain safety hazards.

[0004] Therefore, it is necessary to design an ultrapulse thulium fiber laser therapy machine to solve the problems existing in the current technology. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of this, the present invention proposes an ultrapulse thulium fiber laser therapy machine, which aims to solve the problems of inefficient heat dissipation, inability to achieve precise control, and low safety of existing equipment.

[0006] This invention proposes an ultrapulse thulium fiber laser therapy machine, including a laser, a coupler, a lithotripsy energy transmission fiber, a thulium fiber laser head, electrical components, a motherboard, an air-cooling device, and a machine chassis; The laser is installed in the bottom mounting area inside the equipment chassis and fixed on a shock-absorbing bracket. The laser is an all-fiber structure, outputting near-infrared laser with a center wavelength of 1940 nm. Its light source is transmitted to the thulium fiber laser head through a thulium-doped double-clad silica fiber. One end of the thulium-doped double-clad silica fiber is fused to the output port of the laser, and the other end is connected to the input interface of the thulium fiber laser head. The thulium fiber laser head has a collimating lens group on the output side to shape the divergent beam from the laser into a collimated beam. The coupler is installed on the upper optical platform of the equipment and includes a focusing lens and a fiber clamping mechanism. The focusing lens is an aspherical lens used to focus the collimated beam into the core of the lithotripsy energy transfer fiber. The lithotripsy energy transfer fiber is a multimode silica fiber with an 8° angle polished end face and coated with an anti-reflective film. One end of the lithotripsy energy transfer fiber is connected to the output end of the coupler through an FC / APC type detachable optical interface, and the other end extends to the outside of the equipment and connects to a replaceable treatment handle. The operating status of the laser, coupler, air-cooling device, and gravel power transmission fiber are all driven and monitored by the electrical components. The electrical components are electrically connected to the motherboard through multiple conductive lines for parameter distribution, signal acquisition, and control execution.

[0007] Furthermore, the electrical components include a constant current drive circuit, a temperature acquisition circuit, a PWM fan control circuit, an opto-isolation module, a safety interlock detection circuit, and a power management unit; The constant current drive circuit receives analog modulation signals from the motherboard and uses an H-bridge topology to drive the LD pump source with current. The temperature acquisition circuit is connected to multiple digital temperature sensors via an I²C bus to monitor the real-time temperature of the laser housing, power module, and coupler area, respectively. The PWM fan control circuit is driven by the output signal of the motherboard and dynamically adjusts the fan speed according to the temperature feedback using a PID algorithm. The opto-isolation module is used to isolate the high-voltage side from the low-voltage control signal; The safety interlock detection circuit is used to immediately issue a shutdown command when the safety conditions are not met; The power management unit is used to provide a stable operating power to the laser, motherboard, electrical components and air-cooling device.

[0008] Furthermore, when the constant current drive circuit receives an analog modulation signal from the motherboard and uses an H-bridge topology to drive the LD pump source with current, it includes: The constant current drive circuit controls the current output of the LD pump source through an H-bridge topology. The switching elements in the H-bridge are turned on or off according to the modulation signal to adjust the polarity and timing of the voltage applied to the LD pump source. By detecting the actual current value in the LD pump source circuit and comparing it with the input modulation signal, a feedback regulation mechanism is formed to dynamically adjust the switching action to maintain current stability.

[0009] Furthermore, the temperature acquisition circuit connects to multiple digital temperature sensors via an I²C bus to monitor the real-time temperatures of the laser housing, power module, and coupler area, including: The temperature acquisition circuit establishes a communication connection with multiple digital temperature sensors via an I²C bus. These digital temperature sensors are respectively located on the surface of the laser housing, near the power supply circuit, and in the area where the coupler is located, to continuously acquire real-time temperature signals at the corresponding locations. The acquired temperature data is periodically transmitted to the motherboard via the I²C bus. The motherboard determines the current thermal state of the device based on the received temperature information and adjusts the laser output control strategy or activates the protection mechanism accordingly.

[0010] Furthermore, the temperature acquisition circuit, connected to multiple digital temperature sensors via an I²C bus to monitor the real-time temperatures of the laser housing, power module, and coupler area, also includes: The temperature acquisition circuit also includes a signal conditioning circuit and a level matching element to ensure stable communication between the temperature sensor and the motherboard.

[0011] Furthermore, the PWM fan control circuit is driven by the motherboard output signal. When dynamically adjusting the fan speed using a PID algorithm based on temperature feedback, it includes: The motherboard generates a corresponding speed adjustment command based on the real-time temperature data of the laser housing, power module, and coupler area fed back by the temperature acquisition circuit. This command is output in the form of a pulse width modulation signal, and the average power supplied to the fan is changed by adjusting the duty cycle of the signal, thereby controlling its speed. During fan control, the motherboard uses a PID algorithm to dynamically adjust the fan speed based on temperature change trends, so that the fan speed changes continuously with the internal thermal state of the device.

[0012] Furthermore, when the opto-isolation module is used to isolate the high-voltage side from the low-voltage control signal, it includes: The opto-isolation module is used to transmit signals between the high-voltage drive circuit and the low-voltage control circuit, while blocking the direct electrical connection between the two. The isolation structure is set in the signal path of the motherboard, the constant current drive circuit, the PWM fan control circuit, and the safety interlock detection circuit, and is used to transmit control commands, status feedback, and enable signals. The signals are converted and transmitted between the high-voltage side and the low-voltage side through optical signals or electromagnetic coupling, so that the ground potential of the control side and the ground potential of the power side are independent of each other.

[0013] Furthermore, the safety interlock detection circuit, when the motherboard immediately issues a shutdown command if the safety conditions are not met, includes: The safety interlock detection circuit is used to monitor multiple safety status conditions during equipment operation, including whether the crushed stone energy transmission fiber is correctly connected to the coupler, whether the emergency stop button is triggered, whether the equipment chassis cover is closed, and whether the laser enable circuit is normal. Multiple safety status signals are transmitted to the main board, which continuously judges whether each condition meets the preset safety logic. When any safety condition is not met, the main board immediately terminates the laser output control signal and cuts off the power supply path of the LD pump source.

[0014] Furthermore, the safety interlock detection circuit, used to immediately issue a shutdown command when the safety conditions are not met, also includes: The motherboard records the event type code, occurrence timestamp, current output power, cumulative working time, and operator ID information in non-volatile memory; when it enters a locked state, the display screen issues a prompt message.

[0015] Furthermore, the power management unit receives external AC input and converts it into various DC voltage levels to supply different functional parts; the power distribution path is equipped with overvoltage, overcurrent, and short-circuit protection circuits, which automatically cut off the power supply to the corresponding branch when abnormal current or voltage fluctuations are detected; the power management unit supports multi-level power supply control, and the motherboard can open or close the power supply path of specific components according to the device's operating status instructions, realizing time-sharing power supply management in standby, startup, working, and shutdown modes.

[0016] Compared with existing technologies, the advantages of this invention are as follows: It employs a 1940nm thulium fiber laser with an all-fiber structure as the core light source, combined with thulium-doped double-clad silica fiber transmission and a thulium fiber laser head output design, achieving stable ultrapulse laser emission with high beam quality and energy density, meeting various clinical treatment needs such as lithotripsy and soft tissue vaporization. An integrated air-cooling device is used within the laser, dynamically controlled by a PWM speed-regulating fan and PID algorithm, achieving efficient and intelligent heat dissipation management. This avoids the problems of bulky size, high noise, water leakage risks, and frequent maintenance associated with water-cooling systems, resulting in a more compact, smaller, and lighter overall structure. By setting up a collimating lens group and an aspherical focusing lens, the optical path shaping and focusing efficiency are improved. Combined with lithotripsy energy transmission fiber with an 8° angled polished end face and coated with an anti-reflective film, reflection loss and coupling loss are reduced, thereby improving energy transmission efficiency and output stability. The use of a detachable FC / APC optical interface allows for quick replacement and maintenance of the energy transmission fiber, enhancing the applicability and clinical flexibility of the equipment. Through the coordinated operation of the constant current drive circuit, temperature acquisition circuit, PWM fan control circuit, opto-isolation module, safety interlock detection circuit, and power management unit, precise control and protection of the laser, power supply, and heat dissipation device are achieved. The constant current drive circuit adopts an H-bridge topology, combined with a real-time current detection and feedback mechanism, ensuring the current stability of the LD pump source, thereby improving the reliability of laser output. The temperature acquisition circuit collects multi-point temperature information in real time via the I²C bus, and the motherboard can dynamically adjust the output strategy according to the thermal state, ensuring that the equipment operates within a safe temperature range. The safety interlock detection circuit can monitor the fiber optic connection status, emergency stop button status, and chassis opening / closing status in real time. When safety conditions are not met, it immediately cuts off the laser output and records fault information, improving the safety and traceability of equipment use. The power management unit has multi-level protection and time-sharing power supply management capabilities, improving system stability and energy efficiency. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Various other advantages and benefits will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon reading the following detailed description of preferred embodiments. The accompanying drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the invention. Furthermore, the same reference numerals denote the same parts throughout the drawings. In the drawings: Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the ultrapulse thulium fiber laser therapy machine provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 A schematic diagram of an ultrapulse thulium fiber laser therapy machine provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a structural block diagram of the electrical components of the ultrapulse thulium fiber laser therapy machine provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0018] The components include: 1. Laser; 2. Electrical components; 3. Coupler; 4. Mainboard; 5. Thulium fiber laser head; 6. Stone-based energy transfer fiber; 7. Air-cooling device; 8. Equipment chassis. Detailed Implementation

[0019] Exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure will now be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. While exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the present disclosure may be implemented in various forms and should not be limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided to enable a more thorough understanding of the present disclosure and to fully convey the scope of the disclosure to those skilled in the art. It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, embodiments and features in the embodiments of the present invention can be combined with each other. The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0020] Existing ultrapulse thulium fiber laser therapy machines typically use water cooling for heat dissipation. This requires an internal chiller and circulation piping, resulting in a bulky and heavy machine that is inconvenient for transport and installation in clinical departments. Water cooling systems also present problems such as high noise levels, potential leaks, and the need for regular maintenance and replacement, increasing hospital operating costs and operational burdens. Furthermore, existing equipment generally has relatively simple temperature monitoring, fan speed control, and safety interlock mechanisms, making it difficult to respond promptly to laser temperature fluctuations and changes in safety status. This poses risks of laser overheating or fiber end-face ablation, affecting the long-term stability of the equipment and the safety of the procedure.

[0021] For example, during a ureteral stone lithotripsy procedure at a top-tier hospital's urology department, a malfunction occurred in the chiller after prolonged operation. Insufficient water pump pressure led to inadequate laser cooling, causing a rapid rise in equipment temperature and a sharp drop in laser output power. This forced the surgeon to temporarily interrupt the procedure and replace the equipment with a backup. This situation not only prolonged the surgery time and increased the patient's anesthesia risks, but also incurred significant subsequent chiller repair costs for the hospital, clearly highlighting the shortcomings of existing technology in terms of heat dissipation, stability, and maintenance.

[0022] In some embodiments of this application, see Figure 1-3 As shown, an ultrapulse thulium fiber laser therapy machine is proposed, including a laser 1, a coupler 3, a lithotripsy energy transmission fiber 6, a thulium fiber laser head 5, electrical components 2, a motherboard 4, an air-cooling device 7, and an equipment chassis 8. Laser 1 is installed in the bottom mounting area inside the equipment chassis 8 and fixed on a shock-absorbing bracket. Laser 1 is an all-fiber structure, outputting near-infrared laser with a center wavelength of 1940 nm. Its light source is transmitted to the thulium fiber laser head 5 through a thulium-doped double-clad silica fiber. One end of the thulium-doped double-clad silica fiber is fused to the output port of laser 1, and the other end is connected to the input interface of the thulium fiber laser head 5. The thulium fiber laser head 5 is equipped with a collimating lens group on the output side to straighten the diverging beam from laser 1. The shape is a collimated beam; the coupler 3 is set on the upper optical platform of the device and includes a focusing lens and an optical fiber clamping mechanism. The focusing lens is an aspherical lens, which is used to focus the collimated beam into the core of the lithotripsy energy transfer fiber 6; the lithotripsy energy transfer fiber 6 is a multimode silica fiber with an end face polished at an 8° angle and coated with an anti-reflection film; one end of the lithotripsy energy transfer fiber 6 is connected to the output end of the coupler 3 through an FC / APC type detachable optical interface, and the other end extends to the outside of the device and is connected to a replaceable treatment handle. The operating status of laser 1, coupler 3, air cooling device 7 and gravel energy transmission fiber 6 is driven and monitored by electrical device 2. Electrical device 2 is electrically connected to motherboard 4 through multiple conductive lines for parameter sending, signal acquisition and control execution.

[0023] Specifically, the ultrapulse thulium fiber laser therapy machine includes a laser 1, a coupler 3, a lithotripsy and energy transfer fiber 6, a thulium fiber laser head 5, electrical components 2, a motherboard 4, an air-cooling device 7, and a chassis 8. The overall structure adopts a vertically layered layout design, achieving reasonable separation and integrated optimization of the optical path, circuit, and heat dissipation system. The laser 1 is located in the bottom mounting area inside the chassis 8 and is fixed to the chassis base plate by a shock-absorbing bracket, reducing the impact of external vibration on the stability of laser output. The laser 1 is an all-fiber integrated structure that does not require water cooling. Its core is a resonant cavity based on thulium-doped double-clad silica fiber, which can stably output near-infrared laser with a center wavelength of 1940 nanometers. This wavelength is located near the absorption peak of water molecules and is suitable for efficient lithotripsy and cutting treatment of biological tissues such as urinary system stones. The laser beam is drawn from the output port of laser 1 through a thulium-doped double-clad silica fiber. One end of this fiber is connected to the gain fiber inside laser 1 via a fusion splicing process to achieve low-loss connection, while the other end is connected to the input interface of the thulium fiber laser head 5 located in the middle layer region, ensuring high stability and low insertion loss during optical transmission. The thulium fiber laser head 5 is mounted on a dedicated support structure, possessing excellent mechanical rigidity and thermal stability. Its output side incorporates a multi-piece collimating lens group, composed of high-precision aspherical lenses, used to spatially shape the laser beam scattered from the fiber end face, eliminating spherical aberration and forming a collimated beam with excellent parallelism, thereby improving the subsequent optical coupling efficiency. Coupler 3 is located on the upper optical platform of the device and adopts a modular design, integrating a focusing lens, a three-dimensional fine-tuning mechanism, and fiber clamping components. The focusing lens is a high-performance aspherical lens with short focal length and high numerical aperture characteristics, which can highly focus the collimated laser beam to the focal point and accurately guide it to the core center of the silica-based energy transfer fiber 6. The fiber clamping mechanism employs a spring-loaded V-groove structure, adaptable to fiber optic connectors of varying outer diameters, ensuring a secure connection and easy replacement. The lithotripsy energy transfer fiber 6 is made of high-purity multimode silica fiber, with core diameters configurable to various specifications such as 200μm, 365μm, or 550μm to balance energy density and operational flexibility. The fiber end face undergoes 8° angle polishing and is coated with an anti-reflection film optimized for the 1940nm band, significantly reducing Fresnel reflectivity and preventing reflected light from entering the laser cavity, causing instability or even damaging components. One end of the fiber reliably connects to the output of coupler 3 via a detachable FC / APC optical interface, with the interface using a precision ceramic sleeve for positioning, ensuring axial alignment accuracy. The other end extends externally to connect to a quickly replaceable treatment handle, allowing clinicians to flexibly select different angles or functions of the handpiece according to surgical needs. The entire system's operation is managed by electrical device 2, which includes functions such as laser drive, temperature monitoring, fan control, and safety interlock. Key parameters of the laser 1, coupler 3, air-cooling device 7, and gravel energy transmission fiber 6 are collected in real time by sensors and fed back to electrical device 2.Electrical component 2 establishes bidirectional communication with motherboard 4 through multiple conductive lines, receiving control commands from motherboard 4 (such as power setting, pulse mode selection, etc.), and simultaneously uploading the operating status of each component (such as current, temperature, connection status) to motherboard 4 for analysis and display, forming a closed-loop control system. Motherboard 4, as the central control unit of the entire machine, integrates a microprocessor, storage unit, and human-machine interface, supporting local operation and remote monitoring, enabling precise adjustment of treatment parameters and intelligent management of the operation process. Air-cooling device 7 is integrated into the side wall or rear of the chassis, working in conjunction with the internal air duct design to actively dissipate heat from heat-generating components such as laser 1 and power module, ensuring thermal stability during long-term continuous operation.

[0024] When the ultrapulse thulium fiber laser therapy machine is in operation, the mainboard 4 initiates a system self-check to confirm that the equipment is in a safe standby state. After the operator sets treatment parameters such as output power and pulse frequency through the human-machine interface, the mainboard 4 sends instructions to the electrical components 2 to control the laser 1 to start working. The laser 1 generates near-infrared laser with a wavelength of 1940 nanometers, which is transmitted to the thulium fiber laser head 5 through a thulium-doped double-clad silica fiber. On its output side, the divergent beam is shaped into collimated light by a collimating lens group. This beam enters the coupler 3 of the upper optical platform, is focused to the focal point by an aspherical focusing lens, and is precisely coupled into the core of the lithotripsy energy transmission fiber 6. The laser is transmitted through this multimode silica fiber, whose end face is polished at an 8° angle and coated with an anti-reflection film to effectively reduce backlight interference. The beam is output from the far end of the fiber and applied to the lesion site through a replaceable treatment handpiece to achieve efficient lithotripsy or tissue ablation. Throughout the process, electrical components 2 monitor the laser 1, temperature, fan, and safety status in real time. The main board 4 dynamically adjusts the operating parameters based on the feedback and immediately cuts off the laser output in case of abnormality, ensuring that the treatment process is stable, controllable, and safe.

[0025] As a preferred embodiment, the solution of this application is specifically implemented as follows: During minimally invasive treatment of a patient with a mid-segment left ureteral stone, the doctor powered on the device and completed a system self-test. On the control panel, the output parameters were set: pulse energy of 0.8J, frequency of 12Hz, and ultrapulse mode to achieve a balance between efficient lithotripsy and tissue protection. Upon receiving the command, the mainboard 4 controls the laser 1 to start via electrical components 2. The all-fiber laser 1, located at the bottom of the device chassis 8, begins operation, generating near-infrared laser light with a wavelength of 1940 nm. This laser light is transmitted to the thulium fiber laser head 5 via a thulium-doped double-clad silica fiber fused to its output end. At the output side, a collimating lens group shapes the divergent beam into collimated light, avoiding energy loss and beam distortion. Subsequently, the beam enters the coupler 3 located on the upper optical platform, and after precise focusing by an aspherical focusing lens, it is efficiently coupled into a 365μm diameter multimode lithotripsy energy transmission fiber 6. One end of the optical fiber is securely connected to coupler 3 via an FC / APC interface, and the other end is connected to a narrow-diameter treatment handpiece, which is inserted into the body through the endoscope's working channel. The laser output from the fiber acts on the surface of the stone; due to the strong absorption of the 1940 nanometer wavelength by water molecules, the concentrated energy release causes the stone to rapidly disintegrate into fine particles, facilitating natural expulsion. Throughout the treatment, the air-cooling device 7 automatically adjusts the rotation speed according to the temperature of the laser 1, and the mainboard 4 monitors the status of each component in real time to ensure stable operation of the equipment. After the procedure, the doctor disconnects the optical fiber and shuts down the device.

[0026] Through the above scheme, this application achieves efficient and stable optical energy transmission by rationally arranging the laser 1, thulium fiber laser head 5, coupler 3, and lithotripsy energy transfer fiber 6. The laser 1 adopts an all-fiber structure and is fixed on a shock-absorbing bracket. Combined with thulium-doped double-clad silica fiber, it stably transmits 1940 nm near-infrared laser light to the thulium fiber laser head 5. A collimating lens group ensures beam quality, and the coupler 3 precisely focuses the light onto the lithotripsy energy transfer fiber 6 through an aspherical lens, achieving high energy efficiency in energy transfer. The end face of the multimode silica fiber undergoes angle polishing and anti-reflection treatment, improving optical transmission stability. It is connected to the treatment handpiece via a detachable interface for easy maintenance and replacement. Electrical components 2 monitor and control the operating status of the laser 1, coupler 3, air-cooling device 7, and optical fiber in real time. They can dynamically adjust parameters, acquire signals, and execute safety controls, ensuring the stability and safety of the equipment under long-term, high-power operation.

[0027] This application further proposes that the electrical device 2 includes a constant current drive circuit, a temperature acquisition circuit, a PWM fan control circuit, an opto-isolation module, a safety interlock detection circuit, and a power management unit; The constant current drive circuit receives the analog modulation signal from the motherboard 4 and uses an H-bridge topology to drive the LD pump source with current. The temperature acquisition circuit is connected to multiple digital temperature sensors via an I²C bus to monitor the real-time temperature of the laser 1 housing, power module, and coupler 3 area, respectively. The PWM fan control circuit is driven by the output signal of the motherboard 4 and dynamically adjusts the fan speed according to the temperature feedback using a PID algorithm. Opto-isolation modules are used to isolate high-voltage side signals from low-voltage control signals; The safety interlock detection circuit is used so that the motherboard 4 immediately issues a shutdown command when the safety conditions are not met; The power management unit is used to provide a stable operating power to the laser 1, motherboard 4, electrical components 2 and air-cooling device 7.

[0028] Specifically, electrical components 2 constitute the core control and protection system of the ultrapulse thulium fiber laser therapy machine, encompassing multiple functions including laser 1 driving, temperature monitoring, heat dissipation adjustment, electrical isolation, safety protection, and power management. The constant current drive circuit receives analog modulation signals from the motherboard 4 and uses an H-bridge topology to precisely control the current of the LD pump source, ensuring laser 1 maintains current stability during high-power pulse operation, thus guaranteeing consistent output laser power and beam quality. The temperature acquisition circuit connects to multiple digital temperature sensors via an I²C bus, monitoring real-time temperature changes in the laser 1 casing, power module, and coupler 3 area, and transmitting the acquired data to the motherboard 4. This data is used to dynamically assess the equipment's thermal state, preventing overheating and damage to optical or electronic components, and also serves as a basis for adjusting the air-cooling system. The PWM fan control circuit drives the fan using pulse width modulation based on temperature information from the motherboard 4, and dynamically adjusts the fan speed using a PID control algorithm, achieving efficient heat dissipation while reducing noise and energy consumption. The opto-isolation module isolates the high-voltage drive circuit from the low-voltage control signal, ensuring the potential independence of the control system and power system, preventing high-voltage interference from being transmitted to sensitive control circuits, thereby improving overall operational safety. The safety interlock detection circuit monitors multiple safety conditions, including fiber optic connection status, emergency stop button status, chassis cover closure status, and laser enable circuit status. If any safety condition is not met, the mainboard 4 will immediately issue a shutdown command, cutting off the laser output and entering a safety lockout mode, while simultaneously recording event information to provide operational and maintenance references for operators. The power management unit is responsible for converting external AC power into multiple stable DC power supplies, which are respectively supplied to the laser 1, mainboard 4, electrical components 2, and air-cooling device 7. It also has overvoltage, overcurrent, and short-circuit protection functions to ensure stable and safe operation of the equipment under various working conditions.

[0029] As a preferred embodiment, the solution of this application is specifically implemented as follows: In practical applications, when the ultrapulse thulium fiber laser therapy machine is used for lithotripsy of urinary system stones, the various functions of electrical components 2 work together to ensure the safe and stable operation of the equipment. The constant current drive circuit receives the analog modulation signal from the main board 4 and performs precise current control on the LD pump source, keeping the laser output power constant. Even in continuous high-power pulse mode, the beam remains stable, thus ensuring the efficiency and safety of the lithotripsy process. The temperature acquisition circuit communicates in real time with the digital temperature sensors in the laser 1 housing, power module, and coupler 3 area via the I²C bus. When the laser 1 operates continuously, causing the temperature to rise, the main board 4 can obtain accurate temperature data in a timely manner and activate the air-cooling system for adjustment. The PWM fan control circuit automatically adjusts the fan speed based on temperature feedback, using a PID algorithm to balance heat dissipation efficiency and noise control, ensuring that the laser 1 and optical components are not damaged by overheating. The opto-isolation module provides electrical isolation between the high-voltage drive circuit and the low-voltage control signal, preventing high-voltage pulse interference to the main board 4 and control circuit, thereby reducing the risk of failure. The safety interlock detection circuit monitors in real time during operation conditions such as whether the optical fiber is correctly connected, the status of the emergency stop button, and whether the chassis cover is closed. If any of these conditions are not met, the mainboard 4 immediately cuts off the laser output and enters a safety lock mode, while simultaneously recording operator information and the event time, providing reliable assurance for surgical safety. The power management unit provides multiple stable DC power supplies to the laser 1, mainboard 4, electrical components 2, and air-cooling device 7, and has overvoltage, overcurrent, and short-circuit protection functions to ensure stable operation of the equipment throughout the treatment process, unaffected by power fluctuations.

[0030] Through the above scheme, the constant current drive circuit of this application can accurately control the current output of the LD pump source, enabling the laser 1 to maintain a stable beam in different power modes, ensuring the uniformity and reliability of the treatment effect. The temperature acquisition circuit monitors the temperature of the laser 1 casing, power module, and coupler 3 area in real time, providing accurate thermal status data to the main board 4. Combined with the PWM fan control circuit, the PID algorithm dynamically adjusts the fan speed, preventing overheating and extending the lifespan of optical components. The opto-isolation module isolates the high-voltage drive circuit from the low-voltage control signal, reducing the risk of electrical interference and ensuring the safety and stability of the control system. The safety interlock detection circuit can immediately cut off the laser output and lock the system when it detects that the fiber optic cable is not properly connected, the chassis is not closed, or the emergency stop button is triggered, ensuring the safety of operators and patients. The power management unit provides multiple stable DC power supplies and has overvoltage, overcurrent, and short-circuit protection functions, ensuring stable power supply to the entire system under various operating conditions.

[0031] This application further proposes a constant current drive circuit that receives an analog modulation signal from the motherboard 4 and uses an H-bridge topology to drive the LD pump source with current, including: The constant current drive circuit controls the current output of the LD pump source through the H-bridge topology; the switching elements in the H-bridge are turned on or off according to the modulation signal to adjust the polarity and timing of the voltage applied to the LD pump source; by detecting the actual current value in the LD pump source circuit and comparing it with the input modulation signal, a feedback regulation mechanism is formed to dynamically adjust the switching action to maintain current stability.

[0032] Specifically, the constant current drive circuit receives the analog modulation signal output from the motherboard 4. This signal carries control information such as laser output power and pulse characteristics, serving as a reference value for controlling the LD pump source current. The H-bridge topology consists of four controllable switching elements. These switching elements are sequentially turned on or off under the drive of the modulation signal, thereby adjusting the voltage polarity and on / off timing applied to the LD pump source, achieving precise control of the pump source current direction and amplitude. The constant current drive circuit includes a current detection unit that collects the actual current value of the LD pump source circuit in real time and continuously compares it with the input analog modulation signal, forming a closed-loop feedback regulation mechanism. When the actual current deviates from the set value, the circuit dynamically adjusts the conduction angle and timing of the H-bridge switches to correct the current deviation, ensuring that the LD pump source maintains a constant current output in various operating modes. Through this real-time feedback control, not only can the laser output power be stabilized and beam fluctuations reduced, but the thermal stress and electrical load of the laser 1 during high-power pulse operation can also be reduced, thereby extending the service life of the fiber laser 1 and related components, and improving the safety and reliability of the entire ultrapulse thulium fiber laser therapy machine. In practical applications, such as during lithotripsy, the constant current drive circuit can ensure that the laser maintains a stable output under different lithotripsy materials and operating depths, avoiding uneven treatment effects or increased surgical risks caused by power fluctuations, and achieving efficient, precise and safe clinical operation.

[0033] As a preferred embodiment, the solution of this application is specifically implemented as follows: In practical applications, during lithotripsy for urinary system stones, the laser needs to deliver ultrapulses with high peak power in a very short time to break up the stones and minimize damage to surrounding tissues. The constant current drive circuit first receives an analog modulation signal from the motherboard 4, which sets the power and frequency of the laser pulse according to the surgical requirements. The four switching elements in the H-bridge topology are precisely turned on or off according to this signal, adjusting the voltage polarity and on / off sequence applied to the LD pump source, thereby achieving rapid adjustment of the pump current. Simultaneously, the current detection module collects the actual current value of the pump source in real time and continuously compares it with the analog signal, forming a closed-loop feedback mechanism. When a deviation is detected between the actual current and the target value, the constant current drive circuit immediately adjusts the switching time and sequence to ensure that the pump source maintains a constant current output. In this way, even if frequent pulse power switching is required during the procedure, the laser output remains highly stable, avoiding the risk of incomplete stone fragmentation or thermal damage to tissues due to power fluctuations.

[0034] Through the above scheme, this application achieves rapid response and stable output of laser pulse power in a very short time by precisely adjusting the voltage polarity and conduction timing according to the analog modulation signal using H-bridge switching elements, thus avoiding the problem of unstable laser energy caused by current fluctuations. By real-time detection of the actual current in the pump source circuit and closed-loop comparison with the input signal, a dynamic feedback adjustment mechanism is formed, which can continuously maintain a constant current. Even under conditions of frequent pulse power adjustment or long-term high-intensity operation, laser 1 can still operate stably.

[0035] This application further proposes a temperature acquisition circuit that connects multiple digital temperature sensors via an I²C bus to monitor the real-time temperature of the laser 1 housing, power module, and coupler 3 area, including: The temperature acquisition circuit establishes a communication connection with multiple digital temperature sensors through the I²C bus. The digital temperature sensors are respectively set on the surface of the laser 1 housing, near the power supply circuit, and in the area where the coupler 3 is located, to continuously acquire real-time temperature signals at the corresponding locations. The acquired temperature data is periodically transmitted to the main board 4 through the I²C bus. The main board 4 determines the current thermal state of the device based on the received temperature information and adjusts the laser output control strategy or activates the protection mechanism accordingly.

[0036] Specifically, the temperature acquisition circuit connects to multiple digital temperature sensors via an I²C bus for real-time, continuous temperature monitoring of the laser 1 housing, power module, and coupler 3 area. Each digital temperature sensor establishes a stable bidirectional communication channel with the motherboard 4 via the I²C bus, and is respectively installed on the surface of the laser 1 housing to monitor the heat generation of the laser 1, near the power module to detect the power supply temperature rise, and in the area where the coupler 3 is located to sense the thermal load of the optical components. These sensors periodically collect temperature data and transmit it to the motherboard 4 via the I²C bus. The motherboard 4 parses and analyzes the data in real time, determines the thermal state of each part of the device, and adjusts the laser output power based on preset thresholds and algorithm models, or triggers protection mechanisms when necessary, such as reducing output, activating the air cooling device 7, or issuing an operation warning, thereby effectively preventing fiber optic damage or laser 1 performance degradation caused by local overheating.

[0037] As a preferred embodiment, the solution of this application is specifically implemented as follows: In practical applications, when the laser works continuously for a period of time, the temperature of the laser 1 housing rises to the set threshold. The main board 4 immediately receives the temperature sensor feedback data and reduces the temperature by adjusting the laser output power and increasing the air cooling speed, ensuring that the laser 1 operates stably within a safe range and avoiding fiber burnout or equipment failure caused by heat accumulation.

[0038] Through the above-mentioned solution, this application can achieve precise thermal management of laser equipment, ensuring the safety and stability of long-term high-intensity operation, while providing real-time data support, providing a reliable basis for equipment maintenance and operation decisions, and improving the reliability and efficiency of laser treatment.

[0039] This application further proposes that when the temperature acquisition circuit is connected to multiple digital temperature sensors via an I²C bus to monitor the real-time temperature of the laser 1 housing, power module, and coupler 3 area respectively, it also includes: The temperature acquisition circuit also includes a signal conditioning circuit and a level matching element to ensure stable communication between the temperature sensor and the motherboard 4.

[0040] Specifically, it also includes signal conditioning circuitry and level matching components to ensure that the temperature signal acquired by the sensor can be stably and accurately transmitted to the motherboard 4. The signal conditioning circuitry can amplify, filter, and linearize the analog or digital signal output by the sensor, eliminate noise interference, and ensure that the signal amplitude is within the acceptable range of the motherboard 4. The level matching components are used to adjust the compatibility between different voltage levels, so that the communication between the sensor and the motherboard 4 remains stable, and temperature data can be accurately transmitted even in long-distance wiring or high electromagnetic interference environments, avoiding data loss or misreading.

[0041] As a preferred embodiment, the solution of this application is specifically implemented as follows: In practical applications, when the laser equipment operates for extended periods, causing the temperature of the laser 1 housing and coupler 3 to rise, the signal conditioning circuit amplifies and filters the sensor signals in real time. This ensures that the mainboard 4 accurately receives temperature data from each sensor, even in the presence of high electromagnetic interference near the power module, without affecting the accuracy of temperature monitoring. Subsequently, the mainboard 4 automatically adjusts the rotation speed of the air-cooling device 7 or reduces the laser output power based on the received temperature data, thereby protecting the optical components and electrical devices 2.

[0042] Through the above-mentioned solution, this application improves the reliability and anti-interference capability of the temperature monitoring system, realizes precise thermal management of laser equipment, ensures the safety and stability of the equipment under high-intensity continuous operation, provides reliable data support for operators, and reduces the risk of equipment failure due to overheating.

[0043] This application further proposes a PWM fan control circuit driven by a signal output from motherboard 4, which dynamically adjusts the fan speed using a PID algorithm based on temperature feedback, including: The motherboard 4 generates a corresponding speed adjustment command based on the real-time temperature data of the laser 1 housing, power module and coupler 3 area fed back by the temperature acquisition circuit. The command is output in the form of a pulse width modulation signal, and the average power supplied to the fan is changed by adjusting the duty cycle of the signal, thereby controlling its speed. During fan control, the motherboard 4 uses a PID algorithm to dynamically adjust the fan speed based on the temperature change trend, so that the fan speed changes continuously with the internal thermal state of the device.

[0044] Specifically, motherboard 4 acquires real-time temperature data of the laser 1 housing, power module, and coupler 3 area from the temperature acquisition circuit. The temperature acquisition circuit periodically collects the temperature of each key component through a digital temperature sensor and transmits the data to motherboard 4. After receiving the temperature data, motherboard 4 generates a corresponding fan speed adjustment command based on a preset safe temperature threshold and control strategy. This command is output through a pulse width modulation (PWM) signal. The duty cycle of the PWM signal directly affects the average electrical power supplied to the fan, thereby achieving precise control of the fan speed. When the duty cycle increases, the fan's input power increases, and the speed increases to enhance heat dissipation; when the duty cycle decreases, the fan speed decreases to reduce noise and power consumption, maintaining stable equipment operation. In actual control, motherboard 4 uses a PID (proportional-integral-derivative) algorithm to dynamically adjust the fan speed. The proportional stage responds quickly based on the current temperature deviation to achieve immediate heat dissipation adjustment; the integral stage performs long-term correction by accumulating temperature deviation to avoid overheating caused by continuous temperature rise accumulation; the derivative stage predicts and compensates for the rate of temperature change, improving system response speed and reducing overshoot. Through a PID algorithm, the fan speed can continuously change according to the internal thermal state of the equipment, achieving precise heat dissipation. For example, during continuous high-power laser output, the internal temperature of laser 1 rises rapidly. The motherboard 4 increases the PWM duty cycle through the PID algorithm, causing the fan to accelerate and promptly reduce the temperature of the laser 1 casing and coupler 3, preventing overheating damage to optical fibers or optical components. When the laser output power decreases or during intermittent operation, the fan speed slows down as the temperature drops, reducing noise and energy consumption while maintaining the equipment temperature within a safe range.

[0045] As a preferred embodiment, the solution of this application is specifically implemented as follows: In practical applications, the laser operates with continuous high-frequency pulses, and the temperature of the laser head and coupler 3 may rise to near the thermal protection threshold within a short period. At this time, the temperature acquisition circuit feeds back the temperature of each critical component to the mainboard 4 in real time. The PID algorithm adjusts the PWM signal according to the temperature deviation and trend, causing the fan to rapidly increase its speed to dissipate heat and prevent a drop in laser 1's output power or an overheating alarm. Throughout the entire surgical procedure, the fan speed continuously changes with temperature fluctuations, ensuring stable laser 1 output while minimizing unnecessary wind noise that could interfere with the surgical environment.

[0046] Through the above scheme, this application achieves precise dynamic control of fan speed using PID algorithm, ensuring that laser 1 and optical components operate within the optimal temperature range, thereby improving equipment reliability and service life; continuous temperature monitoring and dynamic adjustment reduce output power fluctuations caused by overheating, improving treatment accuracy and efficiency; and PWM control reduces fan energy consumption and noise, improving the clinical operating environment.

[0047] This application further proposes an opto-isolation module for isolating high-voltage side and low-voltage control signals, including: The opto-isolation module is used to transmit signals between the high-voltage drive circuit and the low-voltage control circuit, while blocking the direct electrical connection between the two. The isolation structure is set in the signal path of the main board 4, the constant current drive circuit, the PWM fan control circuit, and the safety interlock detection circuit, and is used to transmit control commands, status feedback and enable signals. The signals are converted and transmitted between the high-voltage side and the low-voltage side through optical signals or electromagnetic coupling, so that the ground potential of the control side and the ground potential of the power side are independent of each other.

[0048] Specifically, its core function is to enable signal transmission between the high-voltage drive circuit and the low-voltage control circuit, while completely blocking the direct electrical connection between the two, thereby ensuring the safety and stability of equipment operation. The opto-isolation module typically consists of two parts: a light-emitting diode (LED) and a photosensitive receiver. The LED is located on the low-voltage control side; when the low-voltage control circuit issues a control command or status feedback signal, the LED converts the electrical signal into a light signal. The photosensitive receiver is located on the high-voltage side, receiving the light signal and converting it into a corresponding electrical signal to drive the high-voltage circuit. This method ensures that the ground potentials of the high-voltage and low-voltage sides are independent, so even if a transient overvoltage or electrical interference occurs on the high-voltage side, it will not directly affect the low-voltage control circuit. The opto-isolation module is placed in the signal path between the motherboard 4 and the constant current drive circuit, the PWM fan control circuit, and the safety interlock detection circuit. For example, during the constant current drive of the LD pump source, the high-voltage drive circuit needs to receive a modulation signal from the motherboard 4. Without opto-isolation, voltage fluctuations or electrical interference in the high-voltage circuit may be fed back to the motherboard 4, causing abnormal control signals or even damaging the motherboard 4 circuitry. Through the opto-isolation module, the control signal sent by the motherboard 4 is first converted into an optical signal, and then converted into an electrical signal by the high-voltage side optical receiver, so as to achieve safe isolation and ensure that the constant current drive circuit accurately executes the current control command.

[0049] As a preferred embodiment, the solution of this application is specifically implemented as follows: In practical applications, the LD pump source drive circuit of laser 1 operates under high voltage, and the control signal is issued by the low-voltage mainboard 4. Without opto-isolation, voltage spikes instantaneously generated in the high-voltage circuit may be fed back to the mainboard 4 through the wires, causing abnormal laser output or even triggering false alarms. With the opto-isolation module, the mainboard 4 is completely isolated from the high-voltage drive circuit. Any electrical interference on the high-voltage side will not affect the control side, allowing laser 1 to stably output pulse energy while ensuring the reliable execution of the safety interlock function, thus avoiding any impact on the surgical procedure.

[0050] Through the above solution, this application achieves isolation between high-voltage and low-voltage signals, improves the overall electrical safety of the equipment, and reduces the risk of control failures caused by abnormal high-voltage circuits; it ensures the stability of the low-voltage control circuit and improves the accuracy and response speed of the constant current drive, power management, and fan control system; by isolating high-voltage interference, it protects the lifespan and stability of the motherboard 4 and sensitive electronic components.

[0051] This application further proposes a safety interlock detection circuit for use when the motherboard 4 immediately issues a shutdown command when safety conditions are not met, including: The safety interlock detection circuit is used to monitor multiple safety status conditions during equipment operation, including whether the crushed stone energy transmission fiber 6 is correctly connected to the coupler 3, whether the emergency stop button is triggered, whether the equipment chassis 8 cover is closed, and whether the laser enable circuit is normal. Multiple safety status signals are transmitted to the main board 4, which continuously judges whether each condition meets the preset safety logic. When any safety condition is not met, the main board 4 immediately terminates the laser output control signal and cuts off the power supply path of the LD pump source.

[0052] Specifically, its core function is to ensure that the ultrapulse thulium fiber laser therapy machine can immediately interrupt laser output in any potentially dangerous situation, preventing harm to operators or patients from abnormal equipment operation. This safety interlock detection circuit continuously monitors multiple key safety conditions during equipment operation, including whether the lithotripsy power transmission fiber 6 is correctly connected to the coupler 3, whether the emergency stop button is triggered, whether the equipment chassis 8 is closed, and whether the laser enable circuit is normal. Each safety condition forms a real-time communication path with the mainboard 4, continuously transmitting safety status signals to the mainboard 4 via signal lines or buses. The mainboard 4 has an internal safety logic judgment module that can compare and analyze signals from various safety conditions in real time to determine whether the current equipment is in a permissible safe operating state. If it is detected that the lithotripsy power transmission fiber 6 is not correctly connected to the coupler 3, for example, if the fiber interface is loose or not properly inserted, the safety interlock circuit immediately sends an abnormal signal to the mainboard 4. Upon receiving the signal, the mainboard 4 immediately cuts off the power supply to the LD pump source according to preset logic and terminates the laser output control signal. Simultaneously, it issues a warning to the operator via the display screen or indicator lights, indicating that the fiber connection is abnormal and needs to be reconfirmed. Similarly, when the operator triggers the emergency stop button, the safety interlock detection circuit immediately sends a high-priority signal, and the mainboard 4 responds quickly, instantly cutting off the power supply to laser 1 and the laser enable circuit, ensuring that the equipment completely stops operating and preventing accidental laser emission. If the chassis cover is not closed or is loose, the safety interlock mechanism will also prevent laser 1 from starting, ensuring that the external environment of the equipment remains safe during laser emission.

[0053] As a preferred embodiment, the solution of this application is specifically implemented as follows: In practical applications, if the operator accidentally loosens the fiber optic interface 6 of the lithotripsy energy transmission fiber while adjusting the handle, the safety interlock detection circuit can detect the abnormal fiber status within milliseconds and immediately cut off the power supply to the LD pump source via the main board 4. This prevents the laser output from reaching an unloaded fiber or being directly exposed on the operating table, effectively avoiding accidental laser injury to patients or medical staff. Simultaneously, when an emergency stop is required during surgery, triggering the emergency stop button will immediately terminate the laser output through the safety interlock system, quickly bringing the equipment to a safe state.

[0054] Through the above-mentioned solutions, this application ensures that the equipment can stop operating immediately under any potentially dangerous circumstances, thereby improving the safety of equipment use and patient surgery; by monitoring the fiber optic connection, the status of the chassis cover, and the laser enable circuit in real time, it prevents accidental laser output caused by operational errors or hardware failures; the safety interlock detection system can provide highly reliable signal feedback, enabling operators to be aware of abnormal equipment status in a timely manner and reducing the risk of equipment damage.

[0055] This application further proposes a safety interlock detection circuit for use when the motherboard 4 immediately issues a shutdown command when safety conditions are not met, and also includes: Motherboard 4 records the event type code, occurrence timestamp, current output power, cumulative working time, and operator ID information in non-volatile memory; upon entering the locked state, the display screen issues a prompt message.

[0056] Specifically, when the safety interlock detection circuit fails to meet safety conditions, motherboard 4 not only immediately issues a shutdown command to cut off the laser output, but also records detailed event information in non-volatile memory for subsequent tracing and analysis. Motherboard 4 records an event type code to identify the specific reason for the shutdown, such as incorrect fiber optic connection, chassis cover not closed, emergency stop button activation, or laser enable circuit malfunction. Simultaneously, a timestamp is automatically generated to accurately record the date and time of the event, providing a reliable basis for the operation log. This data comprehensively reflects the equipment's operating status and usage, facilitating diagnosis, accountability, and equipment maintenance scheduling by management personnel when anomalies occur.

[0057] As a preferred embodiment, the solution of this application is specifically implemented as follows: In practical applications, if an operator accidentally touches the emergency stop button or the fiber optic interface is not properly connected during operation, the safety interlock system will immediately trigger a shutdown action, cutting off the power to the LD pump source and stopping laser output. Simultaneously, the motherboard 4 will record the event type code as "fiber optic interface abnormality" in its non-volatile memory, record the specific operation time as a timestamp, record the current laser output power as 5 watts, and record the cumulative working time as 120 minutes. A prompt message will pop up on the display screen, reminding the operator that the equipment has entered a locked state and can only be restarted after confirming safety conditions. With this information, the surgical team can quickly understand the cause of the abnormality and continue operation while ensuring safety, avoiding delays or risks caused by improper operation.

[0058] Through the above solution, this application can achieve complete equipment usage tracking and anomaly recording by recording detailed event information in non-volatile memory, thereby improving the transparency and security of equipment management; the display screen prompts can promptly inform operators of the equipment status, avoiding secondary risks caused by improper operation.

[0059] This application further proposes that the power management unit receives external AC input and converts it into multiple DC voltage levels to supply different functional parts; the power distribution path is equipped with overvoltage, overcurrent and short-circuit protection circuits, which automatically cut off the power supply to the corresponding branch when abnormal current or voltage fluctuations are detected; the power management unit supports multi-level power supply control, and the motherboard 4 can open or close the power supply path of specific components according to the device operating status command to realize time-sharing power supply management in standby, startup, working and shutdown modes.

[0060] Specifically, the power management unit receives external AC power input and converts it into various DC voltage levels to meet the different power requirements of the internal functional modules. For example, laser 1 requires a high-precision, stable DC power supply to ensure output power and pulse characteristics, while motherboard 4 and electrical components 2 require a lower-voltage, stable DC power supply for signal processing, data acquisition, and control operations. The power management unit uses a precision power converter and voltage regulator to convert the input 220V AC power into multiple DC voltage levels such as +24V, +12V, and +5V, and distributes it to laser 1, coupler 3, air-cooling device 7, and various electrical components 2 through a reasonable power distribution network. In the power distribution path, the power management unit incorporates overvoltage, overcurrent, and short-circuit protection circuits. When a momentary overcurrent is detected in the laser 1 circuit, or an abnormal voltage fluctuation occurs in the power line, the protection circuit immediately cuts off the power supply to that branch to prevent damage to laser 1, motherboard 4, or other core components. For example, during a urological lithotripsy procedure, if external power grid fluctuations cause a sudden surge in the main power supply voltage, the power management unit will automatically cut off the high-voltage power supply branch to ensure that laser 1 and coupler 3 are not damaged. Simultaneously, it will continue to supply power to the motherboard 4 and display control module through the low-voltage branch, enabling the system to safely record events and alert operators, ensuring a safe surgical environment. The power management unit also supports multi-level power supply control, dynamically managing the power supply to each functional module according to instructions from the motherboard 4, achieving time-sharing power supply in standby, startup, working, and shutdown modes. For example, when the device is in standby mode, it provides only the minimum power consumption to the motherboard 4 and safety monitoring circuit, reducing energy consumption and extending device lifespan; in startup mode, the power management unit gradually turns on the power to laser 1, coupler 3, and the air-cooling device 7, ensuring each module is ready sequentially and avoiding current surges; in working mode, all modules are powered simultaneously to meet the demands of high-intensity surgery; in shutdown mode, the power management unit first cuts off the high-power power to laser 1 and coupler 3, then shuts down the control circuit, ensuring a safe shutdown process.

[0061] As a preferred embodiment, the solution of this application is specifically implemented as follows: In practical applications, such as in scenarios where multiple ultrapulse thulium fiber laser devices in a hospital's urology department are continuously performing lithotripsy, the power management unit can cope with instantaneous power grid fluctuations, load shocks, or short circuits. Through graded protection and time-sharing power supply control, it ensures the safe operation of the laser 1, the air-cooling system, and the motherboard 4, while recording every power switching event to provide data support for equipment maintenance and troubleshooting.

[0062] Through the above scheme, this application has multi-level power distribution and overvoltage and overcurrent protection, which can effectively prevent damage to core components and improve equipment reliability; secondly, the time-sharing power supply mode reduces standby power consumption, extends equipment life and saves energy; thirdly, the motherboard 4 can control the power supply in real time according to the equipment status, providing a smooth transition for the laser 1 to start and stop, and ensuring the stability of laser output.

[0063] In summary, employing a 1940nm thulium fiber laser with an all-fiber structure as the core light source, combined with thulium-doped double-clad silica fiber transmission and a thulium fiber laser head output design, stable ultrapulse laser emission is achieved. The output beam has high quality and energy density, meeting various clinical treatment needs such as lithotripsy and soft tissue vaporization. An integrated air-cooling device, dynamically controlled by a PWM speed-regulating fan and PID algorithm, achieves efficient and intelligent heat dissipation management, avoiding the problems of bulky size, high noise, water leakage risks, and frequent maintenance associated with water-cooling systems. This results in a more compact structure, smaller size, and lighter weight. The use of a collimating lens group and an aspherical focusing lens improves optical path shaping and focusing efficiency. Combined with lithotripsy energy transmission fiber with an 8° angled polished end face and coated with an anti-reflective film, reflection and coupling losses are reduced, thereby improving energy transmission efficiency and output stability. The use of a detachable FC / APC optical interface allows for quick replacement and maintenance of the energy transmission fiber, enhancing the applicability and clinical flexibility of the equipment. Through the coordinated operation of the constant current drive circuit, temperature acquisition circuit, PWM fan control circuit, opto-isolation module, safety interlock detection circuit, and power management unit, precise control and protection of the laser, power supply, and heat dissipation device are achieved. The constant current drive circuit adopts an H-bridge topology, combined with a real-time current detection and feedback mechanism, ensuring the current stability of the LD pump source, thereby improving the reliability of laser output. The temperature acquisition circuit collects multi-point temperature information in real time via the I²C bus, and the motherboard can dynamically adjust the output strategy according to the thermal state, ensuring that the equipment operates within a safe temperature range. The safety interlock detection circuit can monitor the fiber optic connection status, emergency stop button status, and chassis opening / closing status in real time. When safety conditions are not met, it immediately cuts off the laser output and records fault information, improving the safety and traceability of equipment use. The power management unit has multi-level protection and time-sharing power supply management capabilities, improving system stability and energy efficiency.

[0064] Those skilled in the art will understand that embodiments of this application can be provided as methods, systems, or computer program goods. Therefore, this application can take the form of a completely hardware embodiment, a completely software embodiment, or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, this application can take the form of a computer program goods embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including, but not limited to, disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.) containing computer-usable program code.

[0065] This application is described with reference to flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems), and computer program goods according to embodiments of this application. It will be understood that each block of the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, and combinations of blocks in the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions can be provided to a processor of a general-purpose computer, special-purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, generate instructions for implementing the flowchart... Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 A device that provides the functions specified in one or more boxes.

[0066] These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable storage medium that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing device to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable storage medium produce an article of manufacture including instruction means, which are implemented in a process Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The function specified in one or more boxes.

[0067] These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing equipment to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable equipment to produce a computer-implemented process, thereby providing instructions that execute on the computer or other programmable equipment for implementing the process. Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The steps of the function specified in one or more boxes.

[0068] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and not to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can still be made to the specific implementation of the present invention. Any modifications or equivalent substitutions that do not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention should be covered within the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A superpulse thulium fiber laser therapy machine, characterized in that, This includes lasers, couplers, lithotripsy power transmission fibers, thulium fiber laser heads, electrical components, motherboards, air-cooling devices, and equipment chassis; The laser is installed in the bottom mounting area inside the equipment chassis and fixed on the shock-absorbing bracket. The laser is an all-fiber structure and outputs near-infrared laser with a center wavelength of 1940 nanometers. Its light source is transmitted to the thulium fiber laser head through a thulium-doped double-clad silica fiber. One end of the thulium-doped double-clad silica fiber is fused to the output port of the laser, and the other end is connected to the input interface of the thulium fiber laser head. The thulium fiber laser head is equipped with a collimating lens group on its output side to shape the divergent beam from the laser into a collimated beam. The coupler is located on the upper optical platform of the device and includes a focusing lens and a fiber clamping mechanism. The focusing lens is an aspherical lens used to focus the collimated beam into the core of the lithotripsy energy transfer fiber. The lithotripsy energy transfer fiber is a multimode silica fiber with its end face polished at an 8° angle and coated with an anti-reflective film. One end of the lithotripsy energy transfer fiber is connected to the output end of the coupler through an FC / APC type detachable optical interface, and the other end extends to the outside of the device and is connected to a replaceable treatment handle. The operating status of the laser, coupler, air-cooling device, and gravel power transmission fiber are all driven and monitored by the electrical components. The electrical components are electrically connected to the motherboard through multiple conductive lines for parameter distribution, signal acquisition, and control execution.

2. The ultrapulse thulium fiber laser therapy machine according to claim 1, characterized in that, The electrical components include a constant current drive circuit, a temperature acquisition circuit, a PWM fan control circuit, an opto-isolation module, a safety interlock detection circuit, and a power management unit. The constant current drive circuit receives analog modulation signals from the motherboard and uses an H-bridge topology to drive the LD pump source with current. The temperature acquisition circuit is connected to multiple digital temperature sensors via an I²C bus to monitor the real-time temperature of the laser housing, power module, and coupler area, respectively. The PWM fan control circuit is driven by the output signal of the motherboard and dynamically adjusts the fan speed according to the temperature feedback using a PID algorithm. The opto-isolation module is used to isolate the high-voltage side from the low-voltage control signal; The safety interlock detection circuit is used to immediately issue a shutdown command when the safety conditions are not met; The power management unit is used to provide a stable operating power to the laser, motherboard, electrical components and air-cooling device.

3. The ultrapulse thulium fiber laser therapy machine according to claim 2, characterized in that, The constant current drive circuit receives an analog modulation signal from the motherboard and, when using an H-bridge topology to drive the LD pump source with current, includes: The constant current drive circuit controls the current output of the LD pump source through an H-bridge topology. The switching elements in the H-bridge are turned on or off according to the modulation signal to adjust the polarity and timing of the voltage applied to the LD pump source. By detecting the actual current value in the LD pump source circuit and comparing it with the input modulation signal, a feedback regulation mechanism is formed to dynamically adjust the switching action to maintain current stability.

4. The ultrapulse thulium fiber laser therapy machine according to claim 3, characterized in that, The temperature acquisition circuit is connected to multiple digital temperature sensors via an I²C bus to monitor the real-time temperature of the laser housing, power module, and coupler area, including: The temperature acquisition circuit establishes a communication connection with multiple digital temperature sensors via an I²C bus. These digital temperature sensors are respectively located on the surface of the laser housing, near the power supply circuit, and in the area where the coupler is located, to continuously acquire real-time temperature signals at the corresponding locations. The acquired temperature data is periodically transmitted to the motherboard via the I²C bus. The motherboard determines the current thermal state of the device based on the received temperature information and adjusts the laser output control strategy or activates the protection mechanism accordingly.

5. The ultrapulse thulium fiber laser therapy machine according to claim 4, characterized in that, The temperature acquisition circuit, connected to multiple digital temperature sensors via an I²C bus, monitors the real-time temperatures of the laser housing, power module, and coupler area, and further includes: The temperature acquisition circuit also includes a signal conditioning circuit and a level matching element to ensure stable communication between the temperature sensor and the motherboard.

6. The ultrapulse thulium fiber laser therapy machine according to claim 5, characterized in that, The PWM fan control circuit is driven by the motherboard output signal. When dynamically adjusting the fan speed using a PID algorithm based on temperature feedback, it includes: The motherboard generates a corresponding speed adjustment command based on the real-time temperature data of the laser housing, power module, and coupler area fed back by the temperature acquisition circuit. This command is output in the form of a pulse width modulation signal, and the average power supplied to the fan is changed by adjusting the duty cycle of the signal, thereby controlling its speed. During fan control, the motherboard uses a PID algorithm to dynamically adjust the fan speed based on temperature change trends, so that the fan speed changes continuously with the internal thermal state of the device.

7. The ultrapulse thulium fiber laser therapy machine according to claim 6, characterized in that, When the opto-isolation module is used to isolate the high-voltage side from the low-voltage control signal, it includes: The opto-isolation module is used to transmit signals between the high-voltage drive circuit and the low-voltage control circuit, while blocking the direct electrical connection between the two. The isolation structure is set in the signal path of the motherboard, the constant current drive circuit, the PWM fan control circuit, and the safety interlock detection circuit, and is used to transmit control commands, status feedback, and enable signals. The signals are converted and transmitted between the high-voltage side and the low-voltage side through optical signals or electromagnetic coupling, so that the ground potential of the control side and the ground potential of the power side are independent of each other.

8. The ultrapulse thulium fiber laser therapy machine according to claim 7, characterized in that, The safety interlock detection circuit is used to ensure that the motherboard immediately issues a shutdown command when safety conditions are not met, including: The safety interlock detection circuit is used to monitor multiple safety status conditions during equipment operation, including whether the crushed stone energy transmission fiber is correctly connected to the coupler, whether the emergency stop button is triggered, whether the equipment chassis cover is closed, and whether the laser enable circuit is normal. Multiple safety status signals are transmitted to the main board, which continuously judges whether each condition meets the preset safety logic. When any safety condition is not met, the main board immediately terminates the laser output control signal and cuts off the power supply path of the LD pump source.

9. The ultrapulse thulium fiber laser therapy machine according to claim 8, characterized in that, The safety interlock detection circuit, used when the motherboard immediately issues a shutdown command if safety conditions are not met, further includes: The motherboard records the event type code, occurrence timestamp, current output power, cumulative working time, and operator ID information in non-volatile memory; when it enters a locked state, the display screen issues a prompt message.

10. The ultrapulse thulium fiber laser therapy machine according to claim 9, characterized in that, The power management unit receives external AC input and converts it into various DC voltage levels to supply different functional parts. The power distribution path is equipped with overvoltage, overcurrent, and short-circuit protection circuits, which automatically cut off the power supply to the corresponding branch when abnormal current or voltage fluctuations are detected. The power management unit supports multi-level power supply control. The motherboard can open or close the power supply path of specific components according to the device's operating status instructions, realizing time-sharing power supply management in standby, startup, working, and shutdown modes.

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