Suspension electromagnet and magnetic suspension vehicle

Abstract

The invention discloses a suspension electromagnet and a magnetic suspension vehicle, and relates to the technical field of vehicle engineering. The suspension electromagnet comprises a constant magnetic conduction group, the constant magnetic conduction group comprises a plurality of constant conduction units which are sequentially arranged in the advancing direction, the constant conduction units are connected with a controller, and the controller is used for adjusting the magnitude and / or direction of electromagnetic force provided by the constant conduction units; the superconducting magnetic group is arranged below the normal magnetic group and comprises a plurality of superconducting units which are sequentially arranged along the advancing direction; wherein a normal conduction magnetic circuit of the normal conduction unit can pass through a suspension air gap between the normal conduction magnetic group and the track and the track, and a superconducting magnetic circuit of the superconducting unit can pass through the normal conduction unit, the suspension air gap and the track. Due to the fact that the normal conduction units and the superconducting units are arranged up and down, series connection of the superconducting magnetic circuits and the normal conduction magnetic circuits is formed, the normal conduction magnetic circuits and the superconducting magnetic circuits share a magnetic circuit in the normal conduction units, the suspension air gap and the track, the total magnetic flux of the position can be changed by changing electromagnetic magnetic flux, the flexibility of suspension force adjustment is improved, and the dynamic response capacity of the suspension electromagnet is enhanced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of vehicle engineering technology, and in particular to a levitation electromagnet and a magnetic levitation vehicle. Background Technology

[0002] Some existing maglev trains use a combination of conventional and superconducting magnets to provide levitation force, with the magnets arranged alternately along the direction of travel. This configuration, where the magnets are positioned at roughly the same height, affects the optimal number of each type. In the event of a malfunction, insufficient levitation force from the electromagnets may prevent the train from leviting. Furthermore, the separate magnetic circuits of the conventional and superconducting magnets make real-time adjustment of the large current flowing through the superconducting magnet challenging.

[0003] Therefore, how to enable levitation electromagnets to provide levitation force more flexibly is a technical problem that needs to be solved by those skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of this, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a levitation electromagnet and a magnetic levitation vehicle, wherein the levitation electromagnet can provide levitation force more flexibly.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0006] This invention provides a levitation electromagnet, comprising a conventional magnetic assembly including multiple conventional magnetic units arranged sequentially along the direction of travel, each conventional magnetic unit being connected to a controller for adjusting the magnitude and / or direction of the electromagnetic force provided by the conventional magnetic unit; and a superconducting magnetic assembly located below the conventional magnetic assembly, comprising multiple superconducting units arranged sequentially along the direction of travel; wherein the conventional magnetic path of each conventional magnetic unit passes through the levitation air gap between the conventional magnetic assembly and the track, and through the track, and the superconducting magnetic path of each superconducting unit passes through the conventional magnetic unit, the levitation air gap, and the track.

[0007] In one exemplary embodiment, the superconducting unit includes a superconducting body with a superconducting air gap formed thereon; a first superconducting magnetic circuit of the superconducting unit sequentially passes through the superconducting unit, the conventionally conducting unit, the levitation air gap, the track, the levitation air gap, and the conventionally conducting unit before returning to the superconducting body, forming a first superconducting loop; a second superconducting magnetic circuit passes through the superconducting unit and the superconducting air gap before returning to the superconducting unit, forming a second superconducting loop; wherein the first superconducting loop and the second superconducting loop cause the superconducting body to reach a saturated state or a critically saturated state; the conventionally conducting magnetic circuit of the conventionally conducting unit sequentially passes through the conventionally conducting unit, the levitation air gap, the track, and the levitation air gap before returning to the conventionally conducting unit, forming a conventionally conducting loop.

[0008] In one exemplary embodiment, the superconducting unit includes two adjacent superconducting magnets in the direction of travel, and one superconducting magnet is located in only one superconducting unit; the superconducting magnet includes a superconducting iron core and a superconducting coil wound around the outer periphery of the superconducting iron core; in the superconducting unit, the bottom ends of the two superconducting magnets are connected by a magnetic yoke, and there is a superconducting air gap between the tops of the two superconducting iron cores.

[0009] In one exemplary embodiment, in the superconducting unit, the superconducting air gap between the tops of the two superconducting cores is greater than (2 × a preset suspension air gap value).

[0010] In one exemplary embodiment, the superconducting air gap is further filled with a block of non-magnetic material.

[0011] In one exemplary embodiment, the superconducting iron core is an L-shaped magnet, including a vertical rod portion and a horizontal rod portion disposed on the top side of the vertical rod portion, and the superconducting coil is wound on the vertical rod portion; in the superconducting unit, the horizontal rod portions of the two superconducting iron cores are located between the vertical rod portions of the two superconducting iron cores, and the superconducting air gap is present between the horizontal rod portions of the two superconducting iron cores.

[0012] In one exemplary embodiment, the normal conducting unit includes a normal conducting magnet, the normal conducting magnet includes a normal conducting iron core and a normal conducting coil wound around the outer periphery of the normal conducting iron core, the normal conducting iron core is a U-shaped iron core with the opening facing downward, the two free ends of the bottom of the U-shaped iron core have the same polarity and are respectively attached to the top surface of one of the superconducting iron cores in the two superconducting units.

[0013] In one exemplary embodiment, the normal conducting iron core and the corresponding superconducting iron core are fixedly connected by a flange; wherein, the flange is provided with a first mandrel and a second mandrel, the first mandrel being inserted into and fixing the normal conducting iron core, and the second mandrel being inserted into and fixing the superconducting iron core.

[0014] In one exemplary embodiment, the normally conducting unit is provided with a gap sensor for detecting the size of the suspended air gap; when the suspended air gap is greater than the rated gap value, the controller controls the current direction in the normally conducting unit so that the normally conducting magnetic flux is in the same direction as the superconducting magnetic flux of the superconducting magnet, and increases the current in the normally conducting unit; when the suspended air gap is less than the rated gap value but greater than the threshold gap value, the controller controls the current direction in the normally conducting unit so that the normally conducting magnetic flux is in the same direction as the superconducting magnetic flux of the superconducting magnet, and decreases the current in the normally conducting unit; when the suspended air gap is less than the threshold gap value, the controller controls the current direction in the normally conducting unit so that the normally conducting magnetic flux is in the opposite direction to the superconducting magnetic flux of the superconducting magnet, and increases the current in the normally conducting unit; wherein, the threshold gap value is less than the rated gap value.

[0015] Another aspect of the present invention provides a magnetic levitation vehicle, including a vehicle body and a track. The vehicle body is provided with a levitation electromagnet, which is the levitation electromagnet described above. The track is located above the levitation electromagnet, and a levitation air gap is formed between the track and the constant conducting unit.

[0016] The levitation electromagnet provided by this invention includes a conventional magnetic group comprising multiple conventional magnetic units arranged sequentially along the direction of travel. Each conventional magnetic unit is connected to a controller, which is used to adjust the magnitude and / or direction of the electromagnetic force provided by the conventional magnetic unit. A superconducting magnetic group is disposed below the conventional magnetic group, comprising multiple superconducting units arranged sequentially along the direction of travel. The conventional magnetic path of each conventional magnetic unit can pass through the levitation air gap between the conventional magnetic group and the track, as well as the track. The superconducting magnetic path of each superconducting unit can pass through the conventional magnetic unit, the levitation air gap, and the track.

[0017] The aforementioned levitation electromagnet has a conventional and superconducting unit arranged vertically, forming a series connection between the superconducting and conventional magnetic circuits. This fully utilizes the large current and strong magnetic field of the superconducting unit and the flexible adjustment of the conventional unit. The conventional and superconducting magnetic circuits share a common magnetic circuit in the conventional unit, the levitation air gap, and the track. The total magnetic flux at that position can be changed by altering the electromagnetic flux, thereby improving the flexibility of levitation force adjustment and enhancing the dynamic response capability of the levitation electromagnet. This ensures that the levitation electromagnet generates a large electromagnetic force while also maintaining good active control performance.

[0018] Furthermore, if either the conventional or superconducting unit fails, the other can ensure that the levitation electromagnet provides sufficient electromagnetic force to keep the train levitated, thus guaranteeing the safety of vehicle operation. Specifically, if the superconducting magnetic circuit fails, the electromagnetic force of the conventional unit can be temporarily increased to ensure that the levitation electromagnet can keep the vehicle levitated. Conversely, if the conventional magnetic circuit fails, the electromagnetic force of the superconducting unit can be gradually adjusted to ensure that the levitation electromagnet provides sufficient levitation force, thereby improving the safety of the maglev train operation. Attached Figure Description

[0019] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on the provided drawings without creative effort.

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the levitation electromagnet structure provided in a specific embodiment of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the normal magnetic flux enhancement of the levitation electromagnet structure provided in a specific embodiment of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 3 A schematic diagram illustrating the weakening of the constant magnetic flux of the levitation electromagnet structure in a specific embodiment of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the iron core of the levitation electromagnet structure provided in a specific embodiment of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 5 A canometric view of the normal-conducting iron core of the levitation electromagnet structure provided in a specific embodiment of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 6 This is a front view of the normally conducting iron core of the levitation electromagnet structure provided in a specific embodiment of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 7 A superconducting iron core is shown as an isometric view of the levitation electromagnet structure provided in a specific embodiment of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 8 This is a front view of the superconducting iron core of the levitation electromagnet structure provided in a specific embodiment of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 9 An isometric view of the connection structure between the conventional and superconducting iron cores of the levitation electromagnet structure provided in a specific embodiment of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 10This is a front view of the connection structure between the normal-conducting and superconducting iron cores of the levitation electromagnet structure provided in a specific embodiment of the present invention.

[0030] Figure 11 An isometric view of the flange of the levitation electromagnet structure provided in a specific embodiment of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 12 This is a front view of the flange of the levitation electromagnet structure provided in a specific embodiment of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 13 This is a front view of the flange of the levitation electromagnet structure provided in a specific embodiment of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 14 A schematic diagram of the control principle of the normally conducting magnet in the levitation electromagnet structure provided in a specific embodiment of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 15 The diagram shows the control principle of the superconducting magnet in the levitation electromagnet structure provided in a specific embodiment of the present invention.

[0035] Figure label:

[0036] Track 1;

[0037] Suspended air gap 2;

[0038] Normally conducting unit 3, normally conducting magnet 31, normally conducting iron core 311, normally conducting coil 312, normally conducting vertical arm 313;

[0039] Superconducting unit 4, superconducting magnet 41, superconducting iron core 411, superconducting coil 412, superconducting air gap 413, non-magnetic material block 414, magnetic yoke 415, upright part 416, crossbar part 417, superconducting body 418.

[0040] Flange 5, first mandrel 51, second mandrel 52. Detailed Implementation

[0041] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0042] The core of this invention is to provide a levitation electromagnet and a magnetic levitation vehicle. The levitation electromagnet can provide levitation force more flexibly and is applicable to high-speed maglev trains.

[0043] The first specific embodiment of the levitation electromagnet provided by this invention is applicable to high-speed maglev trains. Please refer to...Figures 1 to 15 The levitation electromagnet includes a normal magnetic field group and a superconducting magnetic field group located below the normal magnetic field group.

[0044] The conventional magnetic assembly includes multiple conventional magnetic units 3 arranged sequentially along the direction of travel. Each conventional magnetic unit 3 is connected to a controller, which adjusts the magnitude and / or direction of the electromagnetic force provided by the conventional magnetic unit 3. The superconducting magnetic assembly includes multiple superconducting units 4 arranged sequentially along the direction of travel.

[0045] Specifically, the normal conducting unit 3 includes a normal conducting magnet 31, specifically one magnet. The normal conducting magnet 31 includes a normal conducting iron core 311 and a normal conducting coil 312 wound on the normal conducting iron core 311. The electromagnetic force generated by the normal conducting iron core 311 is controlled by controlling the current in the normal conducting coil 312. The superconducting unit 4 includes a superconducting magnet 41, which includes a superconducting iron core 411 and a superconducting coil 412 wound on the superconducting iron core 411. The electromagnetic force generated by the superconducting iron core 411 is controlled by controlling the current in the superconducting coil 412.

[0046] Among them, the normal magnetic circuit of the normal magnetic unit 3 can pass through the suspension air gap 2 between the normal magnetic group and the track 1 and the track 1, and the superconducting magnetic circuit of the superconducting unit 4 can pass through the suspension air gap 2 of the normal magnetic unit 3 and the track 1.

[0047] During normal operation, the superconducting magnet 41 generates an attractive force between the levitation electromagnet and the track 1. The superconducting magnet 41 is powered by a constant current source and cannot achieve dynamic adjustment of the electromagnetic force. The overall electromagnetic force is adjusted in real time by adjusting the constant magnetic flux, thereby ensuring dynamic and stable levitation.

[0048] The function of the constant magnetic flux of the constant magnetic core 31 is to regulate the magnetic flux of the superconducting magnet 41. The direction of the constant magnetic flux can be changed by changing the direction of the current in the constant magnetic core 31, and the magnitude of the constant magnetic flux can be changed by adjusting the magnitude of the current in the constant magnetic core 31. When the electromagnetic force demand of the levitation electromagnet increases, the constant magnetic flux in the constant magnetic core 311, the levitation air gap 2, and the track 1 is controlled to be in the same direction as the superconducting magnetic flux. By increasing the current in the constant magnetic core 31, the magnetic field in the levitation air gap 2 is strengthened, thereby increasing the electromagnetic force. When the levitation electromagnet requires a smaller electromagnetic force, the constant magnetic flux in the constant magnetic core 311, the levitation air gap 2, and the track 1 is controlled to be in the opposite direction to the superconducting magnetic flux. By increasing the current in the constant magnetic core 31, the magnetic field in the levitation air gap 2 is weakened, thereby reducing the electromagnetic force.

[0049] In the aforementioned levitation electromagnet, the conventionally conducting unit 3 and the superconducting unit 4 are arranged vertically, forming a series connection between the superconducting magnetic circuit and the conventionally conducting magnetic circuit. This fully utilizes the large current and strong magnetic field of the superconducting unit 4 and the flexible adjustment characteristics of the conventionally conducting unit 3. The conventionally conducting magnetic circuit and the superconducting magnetic circuit share a common magnetic circuit in the conventionally conducting unit 3 (mainly the conventionally conducting iron core 311 of the conventionally conducting magnet 31), the levitation air gap 2, and the track 1. The total magnetic flux at this position can be changed by altering the electromagnetic flux, thereby improving the flexibility of levitation force adjustment and enhancing the dynamic response capability of the levitation electromagnet. This ensures that the levitation electromagnet generates a large electromagnetic force while maintaining good active control performance. Furthermore, it can reduce the number of turns of the conventionally conducting coil 312 in the conventionally conducting unit 3, reduce the heating of the conventionally conducting coil 312, and improve the dynamic response capability of the coil.

[0050] Furthermore, if either the conventional conducting unit 3 or the superconducting unit 4 fails, the other unit can ensure that the levitation electromagnet provides sufficient electromagnetic force to keep the train levitated, thus guaranteeing the safety of vehicle operation. Specifically, if the superconducting magnetic circuit fails, the electromagnetic force of the conventional conducting unit 3 can be temporarily increased to ensure that the levitation electromagnet can keep the vehicle levitated. Conversely, if the conventional conducting magnetic circuit fails, the electromagnetic force of the superconducting unit 4 can be gradually adjusted to ensure that the levitation electromagnet provides sufficient levitation force, thereby improving the safety of the maglev train operation.

[0051] Furthermore, the superconducting unit 4 includes a superconducting body 418, on which a superconducting air gap 413 is formed. In actual operation, the superconducting air gap 413 is typically much larger than the suspension air gap between the conventional magnet 31 and the track 1.

[0052] For superconducting magnetic circuits: such as Figure 2 In the solid line a, the first superconducting magnetic circuit of the superconducting unit 4 sequentially passes through the superconducting unit 4, the normal-conducting unit 3, the levitation air gap 2, the track 1, the levitation air gap 2, and the normal-conducting unit 3 before returning to the superconducting body 418, forming the first superconducting loop; as shown in the image. Figure 2 In the solid line b, the second superconducting magnetic circuit returns to the superconducting unit 4 via the superconducting unit 4 and the superconducting air gap 413, forming the second superconducting loop. The first and second superconducting loops cause the superconducting body 418 to reach a saturated or critically saturated state.

[0053] For the normally conducting magnetic circuit: Due to structural limitations, the magnetic field generated by the normally conducting magnet 31 can have two loops; the first normally conducting loop is through the normally conducting unit 3, the levitation air gap 2, the track 1, the levitation air gap 2, the normally conducting unit 3, the superconducting unit 4, and back to the normally conducting unit 3 without passing through the superconducting air gap 413; the second normally conducting loop is through the normally conducting unit 3, the levitation air gap 2, the track 1, the levitation air gap 2, the adjacent normally conducting unit 3, the superconducting air gap 413, and back to the normally conducting unit 3. Since the superconducting body 418 (mainly the superconducting iron core 411) reaches a critical saturation state or a saturation state, the magnetic reluctance of the superconducting iron core 411 is close to infinity. Therefore, the magnetic reluctance of the second normally conducting loop is less than that of the first normally conducting loop, and the magnetic field generated by the normally conducting magnet 31 is closed through the second normally conducting loop. (Reference) Figure 2 The dashed line 'c' in the diagram indicates the actual normally conducting magnetic circuit, i.e., the second normally conducting loop.

[0054] At this time, the normal magnetic circuit can form a loop through the superconducting air gap 413, which reduces the magnetic resistance of the normal magnetic circuit, improves the electromagnetic regulation capability, enhances the dynamic response capability of the levitation electromagnet, and at the same time reduces the impact of the heat generated by the levitation electromagnet on the insulation performance and service life of the magnetic poles.

[0055] Furthermore, such as Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, a superconducting unit 4 includes two adjacent superconducting magnets 41 in the direction of travel, and each superconducting magnet 41 is located in only one superconducting unit 4. That is, when a superconducting magnet 41 has two adjacent superconducting magnets 41, it is located in the same superconducting unit 4 with only one of them. In the direction of travel, in a superconducting unit 4, the N / S poles of adjacent superconducting magnets 41 are arranged alternately, that is, the polarities of two adjacent superconducting magnets 41 are opposite (e.g., ...). Figure 2 Of the four superconducting magnets 41, the two left superconducting magnets 41 or the two right superconducting magnets 41 are located in the middle; in the direction of travel, the polarities of two adjacent superconducting magnets 41 located in the two superconducting units 4 are the same (e.g., Figure 2 (The middle two superconducting magnets 41 of the four superconducting magnets 41). For example, in the direction of travel, the polarity of the bottom ends of each superconducting magnet 41 from left to right is arranged as NSSNNSSN or SNNSSNNS.

[0056] The superconducting magnet 41 includes a superconducting iron core 411 and a superconducting coil 412 wound around the outer periphery of the superconducting iron core 411. In the superconducting unit 4, the bottom ends of the two superconducting magnets 41 are connected by a magnetic yoke 415, and there is a superconducting air gap 413 between the tops of the two superconducting iron cores 411, thereby realizing a superconducting circuit through the cooperation of the two superconducting iron cores 411 and the magnetic yoke 415.

[0057] In some embodiments, in the superconducting unit 4, the top of the two superconducting magnets 41 has a superconducting air gap 413, and the superconducting air gap 413 > (2 × preset suspension air gap value).

[0058] Specifically, when designing the superconducting air gap 413, the maximum value that the levitation air gap 2 may appear can be determined in advance. This maximum value, or N times the maximum value (N is greater than 1, for example 2), or the target value of the levitation gap can be used as the preset levitation air gap value, thereby ensuring that the superconducting magnet 41 has two superconducting magnetic circuits:

[0059] The first superconducting loop starts from the superconducting iron core 411 of the superconducting magnet 41 in the superconducting unit 4, passes through the normal conducting iron core 311 of the normal conducting magnet 31, the levitation air gap 2, the track 1, the levitation air gap 2, the normal conducting iron core 311 of another adjacent normal conducting magnet 31, the superconducting iron core 411 of another superconducting magnet 41 in the same superconducting unit 4, and the yoke 415, returning to the superconducting iron core 411 of the previous superconducting magnet 41. The first superconducting loop passes through the levitation air gap twice.

[0060] The second superconducting loop starts from the superconducting iron core 411 of one superconducting magnet 41 in the superconducting unit 4, passes through the superconducting air gap 413, the superconducting iron core 411 of another superconducting magnet 41 in the same superconducting unit 4, and then returns to the superconducting iron core 411 of the previous superconducting magnet 41 via the magnetic yoke 415 to form a closed loop.

[0061] Because it has two superconducting loops, compared to a single superconducting loop, it can provide levitation force through the high current and strong magnetic field of the first superconducting loop, and adjust the magnitude of the levitation force through the cooperation of the second superconducting loop and the normal magnetic circuit.

[0062] Furthermore, the magnetic reluctance of the second superconducting circuit is greater than that of the first superconducting circuit. Therefore, the magnetic field of the superconducting magnet 41 in the first superconducting circuit is greater than that in the second superconducting circuit. The magnetic field in the first superconducting circuit is used to provide levitation force. The magnetic fields of the second superconducting circuit and the first superconducting circuit together cause the superconducting core 411 to reach critical saturation or saturation. With a fixed number of turns and current in the superconducting coil 412 and the conventionally conducting coil 312, the ratio of the magnetic fields of the first and second superconducting circuits can be adjusted by adjusting the ratio of the superconducting air gap 413 to twice the preset levitation air gap value. This allows adjustment of the ratio of the levitation force provided by the superconducting magnet 41 to the levitation force provided by the levitation electromagnet.

[0063] In addition, the superconducting air gap 413 ensures that the normal-conducting iron core 311 does not reach saturation in its regulating function.

[0064] In some embodiments, such as Figure 3As shown, the superconducting air gap 413 is also filled with a non-magnetic material block 414 to improve the air gap performance. In this case, the non-magnetic material block 414 can effectively prevent current leakage or short circuits in the air gap, improving safety. Furthermore, the non-magnetic material block 414, the two superconducting magnets 41, and the yoke 415 form an aperture-shaped structure, which is a closed structure that can provide mechanical support and increase the structural stability of the superconducting air gap 413. For example, the non-magnetic material block 414 can be made of materials such as ceramics, insulating resins such as epoxy resin, composite materials, or non-magnetic metal materials.

[0065] In some embodiments, such as Figure 4 As shown, in the superconducting unit 4, the superconducting iron cores 411 of the two superconducting magnets 41 are fixed at both ends of the top surface of the magnetic yoke 415. At this time, in the superconducting unit 4, the two superconducting iron cores 411 and the bottom magnetic yoke 415 form an upward-opening U-shaped structure, which is simple in structure and easy to assemble.

[0066] In some embodiments, such as Figure 2 , Figure 7 and Figure 8 As shown, the superconducting core 411 is an L-shaped magnet, including a vertical rod 416 and a horizontal rod 417 located on the top side of the vertical rod 416. A superconducting coil 412 is wound around the vertical rod 416. In the superconducting unit 4, the horizontal rods 417 of the two superconducting cores 411 are located between the vertical rods 416 of the two superconducting cores 411, and a superconducting air gap 413 exists between the horizontal rods 417 of the two superconducting cores 411. At this time, the yoke 415 and the two vertical rods 416 are connected to form a U-shaped superconducting body 418. The size of the superconducting air gap 413 can be adjusted by adjusting the distance between the two horizontal rods 417.

[0067] Of course, in other embodiments, the superconducting air gap 413 can also be located at the connection between the superconducting magnet 41 and the conventionally conducting magnet 31, or at the yoke 415. Additionally, the superconducting coil 412 can also be located at the yoke 415, as long as the magnetic circuit directions of the two superconducting magnet cores 41 in the same superconducting unit 4 are opposite, and the magnetic circuit directions of the superconducting magnet cores 41 at corresponding positions in adjacent superconducting units 4 are opposite. (Refer to...) Figure 2 In two adjacent superconducting units 4, the magnetic circuits of the two superconducting magnets 41 on the left are opposite, and the magnetic circuits of the two superconducting magnets 41 on the right are opposite; the number of superconducting coils 412 can be one, or multiple coils can be set at intervals.

[0068] In some embodiments, to ensure the cooling effect of the superconducting magnet 41, the superconducting unit 4 further includes a cooling device. The cooling device includes a Dewar, a coil box, current leads and supporting components. The coil box has an annular groove and a through hole. The superconducting coil 412 is disposed in the annular groove, the superconducting iron core 411 is disposed in the through hole, and the coil connection is disposed in the cooling device.

[0069] Furthermore, such as Figure 2 , Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown, a normally conducting magnet 31 includes a normally conducting iron core 311 and a normally conducting coil 312 wound around the outer periphery of the normally conducting iron core 311. The number of turns and current of the normally conducting coil 312 of the normally conducting magnet 31 are matched to improve the dynamic adjustment capability of the normally conducting magnet 31 and reduce the heat generation of the normally conducting coil 312.

[0070] The conventionally conducting iron core 311 is a U-shaped iron core with its opening facing downwards. The two free ends at the bottom of the U-shaped iron core have the same structure and polarity. The two free end faces of the bottom of the U-shaped iron core are respectively attached to the top surface of one superconducting iron core 411 in each of the two superconducting units 4. That is, one conventionally conducting magnet 31 is connected to one superconducting iron core 411 located in each of the two superconducting units 4. Furthermore, the N / S poles of adjacent conventionally conducting magnets 31 are arranged alternately, meaning that the polarities of two adjacent conventionally conducting magnets 31 are opposite. (Refer to...) Figure 2 The tops of the three adjacent normally conductive magnets 31 are N pole, S pole, and N pole, respectively.

[0071] For the normally conducting magnetic circuit, there may be two magnetic path paths: the first normally conducting loop passes through the normally conducting iron core 311, the levitation air gap 2, the track 1, the levitation air gap 2, the adjacent normally conducting iron core 311, the superconducting iron core 411, the magnetic yoke 415, another superconducting iron core 411, and returns to the previous normally conducting iron core 311; the second normally conducting loop passes through the normally conducting iron core 311, the levitation air gap 2, the track 1, the levitation air gap 2, the adjacent normally conducting iron core 311, the superconducting air gap 413, and returns to the previous normally conducting iron core 311. Since the superconducting iron core 411 reaches the critical saturation state, the magnetic reluctance of the superconducting iron core 411 is close to infinity. Therefore, the magnetic reluctance of the second normally conducting loop is less than that of the first normally conducting loop. The magnetic field generated by the normally conducting magnet 31 is closed through the second normally conducting loop. In other words, the normally conducting magnetic circuit actually passes through the second normally conducting loop.

[0072] In some embodiments, such as Figures 5 to 13 As shown, the normal conducting core 311 and the corresponding superconducting core 411 are fixedly connected by a locking component. For example, the locking component is a flange 5, which has a mandrel on it, namely a first mandrel 51 and a second mandrel 52. The first mandrel 51 is inserted to fix the normal conducting core 311, and the second mandrel 52 is inserted to fix the superconducting core 411. The connection is convenient, and the first mandrel 51 and the second mandrel 52 can play a limiting role in the vertical direction. The close proximity of the first mandrel 51 and the second mandrel 52 ensures the fit between the normal conducting core 311 and the superconducting core 411. Of course, in other embodiments, the locking component can also be a bolt or other structure.

[0073] Furthermore, since the U-shaped conventional iron core 311 is connected to the two superconducting iron cores 411 below to form a single structure, creating a hybrid module, it facilitates the arrangement of the various units in the levitation electromagnet. At this point, the conventional iron core 311 and the superconducting iron core 411 in the hybrid module have been arranged vertically. After the coil winding and other structural assembly are completed, and the processing of the conventional magnet 31 and the superconducting magnet 41 is finished, the hybrid modules can be arranged sequentially along the direction of travel. The spacing between adjacent hybrid modules can be achieved by setting the superconducting air gap 413 between adjacent hybrid modules and between the superconducting iron cores 411, specifically matching the size of the superconducting air gap 413. After positioning, the non-magnetic material block 414 is then connected to the superconducting air gap 413 to achieve the connection between adjacent hybrid modules.

[0074] Specifically, the mandrels are arranged sequentially in the vertical direction. For example, two first mandrels 51 are on the upper side, and two second mandrels 52 are on the lower side. After the flange 5 connects the normal conducting iron core 311 and the corresponding superconducting iron core 411 through the mandrels, the normal conducting coil 312 and the superconducting coil 412 are wound around it.

[0075] Specifically, such as Figure 4 and Figure 9 As shown, the U-shaped normal conducting iron core 311 has two normal conducting vertical arms 313, which can be rectangular bodies. The vertical rods 416 of the two superconducting iron cores 411 are also rectangular bodies. The top surfaces of the vertical rods 416 of the two superconducting iron cores 411 are fitted and overlapped with the bottom surfaces of the two normal conducting vertical arms 313. That is, the cross-section of the vertical rod 416 perpendicular to the vertical direction is the same as the cross-section of the normal conducting vertical arm 313 perpendicular to the vertical direction, which is rectangular. The structure is simple and easy to process. Moreover, by setting the rectangular structure, the dimensions of the normal conducting vertical arm 313 and the vertical rod 416 in different directions can be determined. Furthermore, the flange 5 is located on one side of the normal conductor arm 313 and the upright portion 416 in the thickness direction. The height of the flange 5 is the same as the height and width of the normal conductor arm 313 and the upright portion 416, thus preventing the edge of the flange 5 from protruding from the normal conductor arm 313 and the upright portion 416 and affecting the winding of the coil. In addition, the crossbar portion 417 of the superconducting core 411 protrudes from the side of the normal conductor arm 313 and the upright portion 416, which also facilitates the differentiation of the junction position of the normal conductor arm 313 and the upright portion 416.

[0076] In addition, in the thickness direction, a flange 5 can be provided on each side of the normal guide arm 313 and the upright part 416. The connection strength can be improved by clamping a normal guide arm 313 and an upright part 416 by the two flanges 5.

[0077] In some embodiments, both the superconducting core 411 and the conventionally conducting core 311 are made of laminated magnetically conductive materials. No transition material is required between the superconducting core 411 and the conventionally conducting core 311. The fact that the two are made of the same material and that their connection is tight and seamless ensures a smooth magnetic circuit.

[0078] In some embodiments, reference Figures 4 to 8 The superconducting iron core 411 and the magnetic yoke 415 form a first U-shaped structure, with its extension direction corresponding to a U-shape. The conventionally conducting iron core 311 forms a second U-shaped structure, with its extension direction corresponding to a U-shape. The width L of the first U-shaped structure is the same at all points along its extension direction, and its width direction is perpendicular to the extension direction of the first U-shaped structure. The width L of the second U-shaped structure is the same at all points along its extension direction, and its width direction is perpendicular to the extension direction of the second U-shaped structure. The thickness directions of the first and second U-shaped structures are consistent, and the thickness direction can be perpendicular to the direction of travel, and the thickness W is the same at all points.

[0079] Furthermore, a gap sensor is provided on the normally conducting unit 3 to detect the size of the levitation air gap 2. The gap sensor transmits the levitation air gap value to the controller in real time. The controller adjusts the current output to the normally conducting coil 312 in the normally conducting magnet 31 according to the control logic to change the magnitude and / or direction of the electromagnetic force, thereby ensuring the stable levitation of the levitation electromagnet.

[0080] When the air gap 2 is greater than the rated gap value, the controller controls the direction of the current in the normal conducting unit 3 so that the direction of the normal conducting magnetic flux is the same as that of the superconducting magnetic flux of the superconducting magnet 41, and increases the current in the normal conducting unit 3, thereby enhancing the electromagnetic force of the levitation electromagnet.

[0081] When the suspended air gap 2 is less than the rated gap value but greater than the threshold gap value, the controller controls the direction of the current in the normal conducting unit 3 so that the direction of the normal conducting magnetic flux is the same as that of the superconducting magnetic flux of the superconducting magnet 41, and reduces the current in the normal conducting unit 3, thus weakening the electromagnetic force of the suspended electromagnet.

[0082] When the air gap 2 is less than the threshold gap value, the controller controls the direction of the current in the normal conducting unit 3, so that the direction of the normal conducting magnetic flux is opposite to that of the superconducting magnetic flux of the superconducting magnet 41, and increases the current in the normal conducting unit 3, thereby weakening or even eliminating the electromagnetic force of the levitation electromagnet.

[0083] The threshold gap value is less than the rated gap value. The suspension air gap value mainly refers to the distance between track 1 and the constant-conducting magnet 31. The rated gap value can be the standard value or target value of the suspension air gap value, and the threshold gap value refers to the minimum safe value of the suspension air gap value.

[0084] In the adjustment circuit of the normally conductive magnet 31, such as Figure 14As shown, it can integrate a capacitor C and multiple power semiconductor devices T. Specifically, four power semiconductor devices T form an H-bridge circuit to switch the direction of current in the normally conductive magnet 31.

[0085] In some embodiments, such as Figure 15 As shown, the superconducting magnet 41 is powered by a constant current power supply; in the hybrid superconducting and conventionally conductive levitation electromagnet, the conventionally conductive magnet 31 adopts a bidirectional output circuit, enabling bidirectional power supply, i.e., the current can be switched in both directions. In this case, in addition to changing the magnitude of the current, the direction of the current can also be changed. The superconducting magnet 41 provides the rated electromagnetic force, and the conventionally conductive magnet 31 is used to adjust the magnitude of the electromagnetic force. When the levitation air gap 2 increases and the electromagnetic force demand of the levitation electromagnet increases, the current of the conventionally conductive magnet 31 is increased, thereby increasing the electromagnetic force of the levitation electromagnet; when the levitation air gap 2 decreases and the electromagnetic force demand of the levitation electromagnet decreases but is still greater than the set value, the current of the conventionally conductive magnet 31 is decreased; and when the electromagnetic force demand is lower than the set value, the current of the conventionally conductive magnet 31 is reversed and increased to reduce the overall magnetic flux of the levitation electromagnet.

[0086] The aforementioned levitation electromagnet employs a vertically arranged conventional magnet 31 and a superconducting magnet 41, forming a series connection between the superconducting and conventional magnetic circuits. This series connection fully utilizes the characteristic that superconducting magnets, while difficult to adjust with large currents, can generate strong magnetic fields, providing a constant levitation force. Furthermore, the magnitude of the electromagnetic force on the conventional magnet 31 can be adjusted via a controller, ensuring its dynamic adjustment capability. Additionally, because the conventional and superconducting magnetic groups are arranged vertically rather than occupying the same vertical space, the number of conventional magnets 31 and superconducting magnets 41 can be more flexibly selected according to needs in the direction of travel, allowing the levitation electromagnet to provide levitation force more flexibly and meet operational requirements.

[0087] The levitation electromagnet provided in this embodiment of the invention is a hybrid levitation electromagnet of normal and superconducting types, mainly composed of a normal magnet 31, a superconducting magnet 41, a magnetic yoke 415 and supporting components. Through innovative and optimized design of the structure and dimensions of the conventional magnet 31 and the superconducting magnet 41, the coordination of the conventional magnetic field and the superconducting magnetic field is achieved. Utilizing the adjustability of the conventional magnet 31 and the strong magnetic field characteristics of the superconducting magnet 41, the superconducting magnet 41 provides the main levitation force for the vehicle body, reducing the difficulty of electromagnetic force control of the conventional magnet 31. The magnitude of the electromagnetic force of the conventional magnet 31 can be adjusted through a controller, which can improve the electromagnetic adjustment capability of the levitation electromagnet, enhance the dynamic response capability of the levitation electromagnet, significantly increase the load-bearing capacity of the hybrid levitation electromagnet, and improve the current stiffness and adjustment capability, achieving better tracking of the track 1 and preventing the superconducting magnet 41 from stalling. The addition of the superconducting magnet 41 reduces the operating current of the conventional magnet 31, reduces magnet heating, enhances the dynamic response capability of the levitation electromagnet, and reduces the impact of electromagnet operating heat on the magnetic pole insulation performance and service life, providing technical support for the hybrid levitation electromagnet to operate in low vacuum and at higher speeds.

[0088] In addition to the aforementioned levitation electromagnet, the present invention also provides a magnetic levitation vehicle, which includes a levitation electromagnet. Specifically, the levitation electromagnet can be the levitation electromagnet provided in any of the above embodiments, and the beneficial effects can be referred to the above embodiments accordingly.

[0089] Specifically, the magnetic levitation vehicle includes a vehicle body and a track 1. A levitation electromagnet is installed on the vehicle body, the track 1 is located above the levitation electromagnet, and a levitation air gap 2 is formed between the track 1 and the normal conducting unit 3.

[0090] It should be noted that when an element is referred to as "fixing" another element, it can be directly attached to the other element or there may be an intervening element. When an element is referred to as "connecting" another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or there may be an intervening element. Furthermore, in the description of this invention, unless otherwise stated, "multiple," "multiple roots," and "multiple groups" mean two or more.

[0091] The terms "center," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing the invention and for simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limiting the invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated.

[0092] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains. The terminology used herein in the description of the invention is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention.

[0093] The various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, with each embodiment focusing on the differences from other embodiments. The same or similar parts between the various embodiments can be referred to each other.

[0094] The levitation electromagnet and magnetic levitation vehicle provided by this invention have been described in detail above. Specific examples have been used to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of this invention. The descriptions of the embodiments above are only for the purpose of helping to understand the method and core ideas of this invention. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make several improvements and modifications to this invention without departing from the principles of this invention, and these improvements and modifications also fall within the protection scope of the claims of this invention.

Claims

1. A levitation electromagnet, characterized in that, include The constant magnetic field group includes multiple constant magnetic units (3) arranged sequentially along the direction of travel. The constant magnetic unit (3) is connected to a controller, which is used to adjust the magnitude and / or direction of the electromagnetic force provided by the constant magnetic unit (3). The superconducting magnetic group located below the conventional magnetic group includes multiple superconducting units (4) arranged sequentially along the direction of travel. The normal magnetic circuit of the normal magnetic unit (3) can pass through the suspension air gap (2) between the normal magnetic group and the track (1) and the track (1), and the superconducting magnetic circuit of the superconducting unit (4) can pass through the normal magnetic unit (3), the suspension air gap (2) and the track (1).

2. The levitation electromagnet according to claim 1, characterized in that, The superconducting unit (4) includes a superconducting body (418) with a superconducting air gap (413) formed on the superconducting body (418). The first superconducting magnetic circuit of the superconducting unit (4) sequentially passes through the superconducting unit (4), the conventionally conducting unit (3), the levitation air gap (2), the track (1), the levitation air gap (2), and the conventionally conducting unit (3) before returning to the superconducting body (418), forming a first superconducting loop; the second superconducting magnetic circuit passes through the superconducting unit (4) and the superconducting air gap (413) before returning to the superconducting unit (4), forming a second superconducting loop; wherein, the first superconducting loop and the second superconducting loop cause the superconducting body (418) to reach a saturated state or a critical saturated state; The normal magnetic circuit of the normal magnetic circuit unit (3) passes through the normal magnetic circuit unit (3), the suspension air gap (2), the track (1), and the suspension air gap (2) in sequence and returns to the normal magnetic circuit unit (3) to form a normal magnetic circuit.

3. The levitation electromagnet according to claim 1, characterized in that, The superconducting unit (4) includes two adjacent superconducting magnets (41) in the direction of travel, and one of the superconducting magnets (41) is located in only one superconducting unit (4); The superconducting magnet (41) includes a superconducting iron core (411) and a superconducting coil (412) wound around the outer periphery of the superconducting iron core (411). In the superconducting unit (4), the bottom ends of the two superconducting magnets (41) are connected by a yoke (415), and there is a superconducting air gap (413) between the tops of the two superconducting iron cores (411).

4. The levitation electromagnet according to claim 3, characterized in that, In the superconducting unit (4), the superconducting air gap (413) between the tops of the two superconducting iron cores (411) is greater than (2 × preset suspension air gap value).

5. The levitation electromagnet according to claim 4, characterized in that, The superconducting air gap (413) is also filled with a non-magnetic material block (414).

6. The levitation electromagnet according to claim 3, characterized in that, The superconducting core (411) is an L-shaped magnet, including a vertical rod (416) and a horizontal rod (417) located on the top side of the vertical rod (416), and the superconducting coil (412) is wound around the vertical rod (416). In the superconducting unit (4), the crossbar portion (417) of the two superconducting iron cores (411) is located between the upright portion (416) of the two superconducting iron cores (411), and there is a superconducting air gap (413) between the crossbar portion (417) of the two superconducting iron cores (411).

7. The levitation electromagnet according to claim 3, characterized in that, The normal conducting unit (3) includes a normal conducting magnet (31), which includes a normal conducting iron core (311) and a normal conducting coil (312) wound around the outer periphery of the normal conducting iron core (311). The normal conducting iron core (311) is a U-shaped iron core with the opening facing downward. The two free ends at the bottom of the U-shaped iron core have the same polarity and are respectively attached to the top surface of one of the superconducting iron cores (411) in each of the two superconducting units (4).

8. The levitation electromagnet according to claim 7, characterized in that, The normal conducting iron core (311) and the corresponding superconducting iron core (411) are fixedly connected by a flange (5); The flange (5) is provided with a first mandrel (51) and a second mandrel (52). The first mandrel (51) is inserted into and fixed the normal conducting iron core (311), and the second mandrel (52) is inserted into and fixed the superconducting iron core (411).

9. The levitation electromagnet according to claim 6, characterized in that, The normally conductive unit (3) is equipped with a gap sensor for detecting the size of the suspended air gap (2); When the suspended air gap (2) is greater than the rated gap value, the controller controls the current direction in the normal conducting unit (3) so that the normal conducting magnetic flux is in the same direction as the superconducting magnetic flux of the superconducting magnet (41), and increases the current in the normal conducting unit (3). When the suspended air gap (2) is less than the rated gap value but greater than the threshold gap value, the controller controls the current direction in the normal conducting unit (3) so that the normal conducting magnetic flux is in the same direction as the superconducting magnetic flux of the superconducting magnet (41), and reduces the current in the normal conducting unit (3). When the suspended air gap (2) is less than the threshold gap value, the controller controls the current direction in the normal conducting unit (3) so that the normal conducting magnetic flux is opposite to the superconducting magnetic flux direction of the superconducting magnet (41) and increases the current in the normal conducting unit (3); Wherein, the threshold gap value is less than the rated gap value.

10. A magnetic levitation vehicle, characterized in that, The vehicle includes a vehicle body and a track (1). The vehicle body is equipped with a levitation electromagnet, which is the levitation electromagnet according to any one of claims 1 to 9. The track (1) is located above the levitation electromagnet, and a levitation air gap (2) is formed between the track (1) and the normal conducting unit (3).

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