Water drainage and pressure reduction method for karst landform cavern group and leakage channel plugging device

Abstract

The invention discloses a karst landform cavern group leakage channel plugging device. The karst landform cavern group leakage channel plugging device mainly comprises a crawler base and a drilling grouting table. A fixed seat is fixedly mounted on the crawler base, a movable large arm is rotationally mounted on the fixed seat, a telescopic small arm is mounted in the movable large arm in a sliding manner, and a drilling grouting table is mounted on the telescopic small arm; a drilling machine, a drilling rod of the drilling machine, a pressure pump and a grouting rod of the pressure pump are installed on the drilling grouting table. The device has the drilling and grouting functions at the same time, the leakage channel cavern can be quickly plugged, meanwhile, the manual participation degree is reduced, and compared with manual hole opening and grouting, the construction efficiency is improved. Accordingly, a corresponding drainage and pressure reduction method is also established. According to the method, drilling operation is carried out on the inner wall of the cavern, grouting reinforcement is carried out on the inner wall of the cavern, bentonite slurry is injected into the limestone inner wall of the cavern in a pressurized mode, gaps of the limestone inner wall are filled, monitoring is carried out through a sensor, and the situation that water seepage accidents occur in the tunnel due to water seepage flow erosion is avoided.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application belongs to the technical field of karst landform cave group drainage and pressure reduction, and particularly relates to a karst landform cave group drainage and pressure reduction method and a leakage passage plugging device. BACKGROUND

[0002] The abnormal lack of water on the surface and the flood disasters in karst regions have a great impact on agricultural production. However, groundwater is abundant, and the runoff coefficient is 50-80% in tropical karst regions, 30-40% in subtropical karst regions, and 10-20% in temperate karst regions. In some limestone distribution areas in North China, groundwater flows out in the form of springs in front of mountains, such as the springs in Beijing's Yuquan Mountain, the hundred springs in Huixian County of Henan Province, the Jinci Spring in Taiyuan of Shanxi Province, the Nianjiguan Spring, and the Baotu Spring in Jinan. Tunnel construction in these areas is prone to encounter such special terrain.

[0003] In the prior art, attention needs to be paid to drainage and pressure reduction and leakage passage plugging when tunnel construction is carried out in a karst landform cave group to avoid seepage of the tunnel during construction or subsequent use. SUMMARY

[0004] The technical problem to be solved by the application is to provide a karst landform cave group drainage and pressure reduction method and a leakage passage plugging device which are reasonable in design, strong in adaptability, and good in effect.

[0005] To solve the above technical problem, the application adopts the following technical scheme:

[0006] The karst landform cave group leakage passage plugging device mainly comprises a caterpillar vehicle base and a drilling and grouting table. A fixed seat is fixedly installed on the caterpillar vehicle base. A movable large arm is rotatably installed on the fixed seat. A telescopic small arm is slidably installed in the movable large arm. The drilling and grouting table is installed on the telescopic small arm. A drilling machine, a drill rod thereof, a pressurizing pump, and a grouting rod thereof are installed on the drilling and grouting table.

[0007] A first adjusting hydraulic push rod is fixedly arranged between the movable large arm and the fixed seat. The two ends of the first adjusting hydraulic push rod are connected to the movable large arm and the fixed seat through rotating connecting blocks respectively. A telescopic hydraulic push rod is fixedly installed in the movable large arm. The output end of the telescopic hydraulic push rod is connected to the initial end of the telescopic small arm.

[0008] An installation rack is fixedly installed at the terminal end of the telescopic small arm. A steering adjusting mechanism is arranged on the installation rack. The drilling and grouting table is installed on the telescopic small arm through the steering adjusting mechanism.

[0009] The turning adjusting mechanism mainly comprises a U-shaped movable table, the U-shaped movable table is rotatably installed on the mounting frame, the top side of the U-shaped movable table is rotatably installed with a rotating disc, and the drilling and grouting table is fixedly installed on the top side of the rotating disc; a rotating motor is fixedly installed on the U-shaped movable table, the output end of the rotating motor penetrates through the U-shaped movable table and is connected to the bottom side of the rotating disc, and a limiting ring is rotatably installed on the top side of the U-shaped movable table and is fixedly installed on the bottom side of the rotating disc.

[0010] A second adjusting hydraulic rod is arranged between the mounting frame and the U-shaped movable table, and the two ends of the second adjusting hydraulic rod are connected to the mounting frame and the U-shaped movable table through rotating connecting seats respectively.

[0011] The top end of the drilling and grouting table is fixedly installed in parallel with a first linear module and a second linear module; a first electric sliding table is movably installed on the first linear module, a drilling machine is fixedly installed on the first electric sliding table, a drill rod is fixedly installed on the output end of the drilling machine, and a hydraulic sensor is arranged on the outer side of the drill rod; a second electric sliding table is movably installed on the second linear module, a pressure pump is fixedly installed on the second electric sliding table, a grouting rod is fixedly installed on the output end of the pressure pump, and a plurality of grouting holes are annularly formed in the grouting rod.

[0012] A first movable plate and a second movable plate are slidably installed on the drilling and grouting table; a fixed ring is fixedly installed on the front side of the first movable plate, a dust fall nozzle is fixedly installed on the fixed ring, and the drill rod penetrates through the first movable plate from the center position of the fixed ring; a rubber air bag inflatable sealing gasket (adapted to the grouting rod) is fixedly installed on the front side of the second movable plate, and the grouting rod penetrates through the second movable plate from the center position of the rubber air bag inflatable sealing gasket; electric push rods are fixedly installed on both sides of the drilling and grouting table, and the output ends of the electric push rods are connected to the first movable plate and the second movable plate respectively.

[0013] A support seat is fixedly installed below the front movable arm of the tracked vehicle base, a slurry phase pump assembly and a water tank pump assembly are fixedly installed on the rear part of the tracked vehicle base; a slurry conveying pipeline is fixedly installed on the slurry phase pump assembly, and the distal end of the slurry conveying pipeline is connected to the pressure pump; a water conveying pipe is fixedly installed on the output end of the water tank pump assembly, and the distal end of the water conveying pipe is connected to the dust fall nozzle on the first movable plate.

[0014] The karst landform cave group drainage pressure reduction method utilizes the above-mentioned leakage passage plugging device to drill and grout in the cave inner wall, and a drainage pressure reduction system is arranged as follows: a grouting sealing block is arranged in the drill hole, a humidity sensor is arranged on the cave inner wall, a drainage channel is arranged at the ground connection of the cave inner wall, a drainage water level sensor is arranged in the drainage channel, and a body water extraction pump and a groundwater level sensor are arranged in the groundwater area of the cave group.

[0015] The spacing between the grouting holes is 1.0-3.5 meters, the grouting pressure is 0.3-1.5 Mpa, the slurry ratio is 1.12-1.8; the humidity sensors are arranged along the longitudinal direction of the tunnel at intervals of 2-12 meters, and are arranged along the tunnel section at the vault, haunch and side wall to form a three-dimensional monitoring network.

[0016] In view of the problems existing in the tunnel construction of the karst landform cave group, the inventor designs a karst landform cave group leakage passage sealing device, mainly comprising a tracked vehicle base and a drilling and grouting table; a fixed seat is fixedly installed on the tracked vehicle base, a movable large arm is rotatably installed on the fixed seat, a telescopic small arm is slidably installed in the movable large arm, and the drilling and grouting table is installed on the telescopic small arm; a drilling machine, a drill rod thereof and a pressurizing pump, and a grouting rod thereof are installed on the drilling and grouting table. The device has the functions of drilling and grouting, and the drill rod and the grouting rod are used alternately to quickly seal the leakage passage cave, and the device reduces the degree of manual participation and improves the construction efficiency compared with manual drilling and grouting. In addition, the movable large arm and the telescopic small arm are matched to extend and retract, and the rotating disc and the second adjusting hydraulic rod can control the drilling and grouting table to drill and grout at different positions and angles, so that the device can adapt to different construction environment requirements.

[0017] Accordingly, the inventor establishes a corresponding drainage and pressure reduction method, that is, the above-mentioned leakage passage sealing device is used for drilling and grouting on the inner wall of the cave, and a drainage and pressure reduction system is arranged as follows: a grouting sealing block is arranged in the drill hole, a humidity sensor is arranged on the inner wall of the cave, a drainage channel is arranged at the ground connection of the inner wall of the cave, a drainage water level sensor is arranged in the drainage channel, and a groundwater extraction pump and a groundwater level sensor are arranged in the groundwater area of the cave group. The method drills holes in the inner wall of the cave and grouts them, fills the cracks in the limestone inner wall by injecting bentonite slurry into the limestone inner wall through pressurization, and monitors the water flow to prevent water erosion from causing water leakage accidents in the tunnel. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0018] Figure 1 FIG. 1 is a perspective view of the karst landform cave group leakage passage sealing device of the present application.

[0019] Figure 2 FIG. 2 is a top view of the karst landform cave group leakage passage sealing device of the present application.

[0020] Figure 3 FIG. 3 is a side view of the karst landform cave group leakage passage sealing device of the present application.

[0021] Figure 4 FIG. 4 is another side view of the karst landform cave group leakage passage sealing device of the present application.

[0022] Figure 5 Structure diagram of the drilling and grouting station part of the karst landform cave group leakage passage plugging device.

[0023] Figure 6 Structure diagram of the grouting rod part of the karst landform cave group leakage passage plugging device.

[0024] Figure 7 Structure diagram of the plane part of the karst landform cave group drainage pressure reduction system.

[0025] Figure 8 Structure diagram of the cross section of the karst landform cave group drainage pressure reduction system.

[0026] Figure 9 Structure diagram of the groundwater part of the karst landform cave group drainage pressure reduction system.

[0027] In the figure: 100, track vehicle base; 101, fixed seat; 102, movable large arm; 103, telescopic small arm; 104, telescopic hydraulic push rod; 105, first adjusting hydraulic push rod; 106, rotating connecting block; 107, support seat; 200, mounting frame; 201, U-shaped movable table; 202, rotating disc; 203, rotating motor; 204, limiting ring; 205, second adjusting hydraulic rod; 206, rotating connecting seat; 300, drilling and grouting station; 301, first linear module; 302, first electric sliding table; 303, drilling machine; 304, drill rod; 305, second linear module; 306, second electric sliding table; 307, pressure pump; 308, grouting rod; 400, first movable plate; 401, fixed ring; 402, dust fall nozzle; 403, water tank pump assembly; 404, water delivery pipe; 405, second movable plate; 406, rubber air bag expansion sealing pad; 407, electric push rod; 500, slurry phase pump assembly; 501, slurry delivery pipeline; 600, hydraulic sensor; 601, grouting hole; 700, drill hole; 701, grouting sealing block; 702, humidity sensor; 703, drainage channel; 704, drainage water level sensor; 705, body water extraction pump; 706, groundwater level sensor. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] I. Basic structure

[0029] As Figures 1 to 6As shown, the karst landform cave group leakage passage plugging device mainly comprises a caterpillar vehicle base 100 and a drilling and grouting table 300. The caterpillar vehicle base is fixedly provided with a fixed seat 101, the fixed seat is rotatably provided with a movable arm 102, the movable arm is slidably provided with an extension arm 103, and the drilling and grouting table is arranged on the extension arm. The drilling and grouting table is provided with a drilling machine 303, a drill rod 304 of the drilling machine, a pressurizing pump 307 and a grouting rod 308 of the pressurizing pump.

[0030] A first adjusting hydraulic push rod 105 is arranged between the movable arm and the fixed seat, and the two ends of the first adjusting hydraulic push rod are connected to the movable arm and the fixed seat through rotating connecting blocks 106. A telescopic hydraulic push rod 104 is fixedly arranged in the movable arm, and the output end of the telescopic hydraulic push rod is connected to the initial end of the extension arm. The terminal end of the extension arm is fixedly provided with a mounting rack, the mounting rack is arranged with a steering adjusting mechanism, and the drilling and grouting table is arranged on the extension arm through the steering adjusting mechanism.

[0031] The steering adjusting mechanism mainly comprises a U-shaped movable table 201, the U-shaped movable table is rotatably arranged on the mounting rack 200, the top side of the U-shaped movable table is rotatably provided with a rotating disc 202, and the drilling and grouting table is fixedly arranged on the top side of the rotating disc. A rotating motor 203 is fixedly arranged on the U-shaped movable table, the output end of the rotating motor is connected to the bottom side of the rotating disc through the U-shaped movable table, a limiting ring 204 is rotatably arranged on the top side of the U-shaped movable table, and the limiting ring is fixedly arranged on the bottom side of the rotating disc. The limiting ring connects the U-shaped movable table and the rotating disc, so that the rotating disc can stably rotate on the U-shaped movable table. A second adjusting hydraulic rod 205 is arranged between the mounting rack and the U-shaped movable table, and the two ends of the second adjusting hydraulic rod are connected to the mounting rack and the U-shaped movable table through rotating connecting seats 206.

[0032] The top end of the drilling and grouting table is fixedly provided with a first linear module 301 and a second linear module 305 in parallel. A first electric sliding table 302 is movably arranged on the first linear module, and the drilling machine is fixedly arranged on the first electric sliding table. The output end of the drilling machine is fixedly provided with the drill rod, and the outer side of the drill rod is arranged with a hydraulic sensor 600. A second electric sliding table 306 is movably arranged on the second linear module, and the pressurizing pump is fixedly arranged on the second electric sliding table. The output end of the pressurizing pump is fixedly provided with the grouting rod, and a plurality of grouting holes 601 are annularly arranged on the grouting rod.

[0033] The first movable plate 400 and the second movable plate 405 are slidably installed on the drilling and grouting table; the front side of the first movable plate is fixedly installed with a fixed ring 401, and a dust removal nozzle 402 is fixedly installed on the fixed ring (the fixed ring has a water delivery channel connected to the dust removal nozzle); the drill rod penetrates the first movable plate from the center of the fixed ring; the front side of the second movable plate is fixedly installed with a rubber air bag inflatable sealing gasket 406 (adapted to the grouting rod), and the grouting rod penetrates the second movable plate from the center of the rubber air bag inflatable sealing gasket; the drilling and grouting table is fixedly installed with electric push rods 407 on both sides, and the output ends of the electric push rods are connected to the first movable plate and the second movable plate, respectively.

[0034] The support seat 107 is fixedly installed below the front movable arm of the tracked vehicle base, and the slurry phase pump assembly 500 and the water tank pump assembly 403 are fixedly installed at the rear of the tracked vehicle base; the slurry delivery pipeline 501 is fixedly installed on the slurry phase pump assembly, and the distal end of the slurry delivery pipeline is connected to the pressure pump; the delivery water pipe 404 is fixedly installed at the output end of the water tank pump assembly, and the distal end of the delivery water pipe is connected to the dust removal nozzle on the first movable plate.

[0035] II. Implementation method

[0036] The above-mentioned leakage passage plugging device is used for drilling and grouting in the inner wall of the chamber, and a drainage and pressure reduction system is arranged as follows: the grouting sealing block 701 is arranged in the drill hole 700, the humidity sensor 702 is arranged on the inner wall of the chamber, the drainage channel 703 is arranged at the ground connection of the inner wall of the chamber, the drainage water level sensor 704 is arranged in the drainage channel, the underground water extraction pump 705 and the underground water level sensor 706 are arranged in the underground water area of the chamber group.

[0037] III. Working principle

[0038] When the above-mentioned leakage passage plugging device is used, the equipment is carried to a suitable position by the tracked vehicle base, then the first adjusting hydraulic push rod is started, the angle of the movable arm is changed by the first adjusting hydraulic push rod, then the telescopic small arm is pushed out of the movable arm by the telescopic hydraulic push rod, so that the overall length of the movable arm and the telescopic small arm is changed; the second adjusting hydraulic rod can drive the U-shaped movable table to adjust the angle on the mounting frame, and the rotating motor on the U-shaped movable table can control the rotating disc to rotate, and the three parts can realize the adjustment of the drilling and grouting table to a suitable position in the chamber for the opening and grouting of the leakage passage plugging operation.

[0039] The sealing operation of the leakage channel is specifically as follows: firstly, drilling is needed, the first linear module is used in cooperation with the first electric sliding table to drive the drilling machine to move to a position, and then a drill rod is used to drill holes on the inner wall of the chamber; appropriate spacing is needed between the drilled holes, and when the holes are drilled, the fixed ring and the dust removal nozzle can spray water mist to avoid dust pollution of the construction site environment; after the drilling is completed, a pressurized pump is used in cooperation with a grouting rod to inject bentonite slurry into the drilled hole, and under appropriate pressure, the bentonite slurry can gradually diffuse in the limestone inner wall of the chamber to fill the gaps therein, thereby preventing water inrush accidents caused by the leakage channel inside the chamber, and the rubber air bag inflatable sealing pad can seal the drilled hole after inflation (i.e. the rubber air bag inflation cooperates with the grouting rod to seal the outside of the drilled hole to prevent the bentonite slurry from leaking, and the sealing is stopped after the grouting is completed), avoiding leakage of the bentonite slurry, and the water tank pump assembly and the water delivery pipe can be used to deliver water to the fixed ring and the dust removal nozzle, while the slurry phase pump assembly and the slurry delivery pipeline can be used to deliver the bentonite slurry to the pressurized pump, the grouting rod uniformly injects the bentonite slurry into the inside of the drilled hole through the grouting hole, and the hydraulic sensor is used to monitor the pressure at each position of the drilled hole, and the first movable plate and the second movable plate can be actuated by the electric push rod to avoid affecting each other.

[0040] It should be noted that the drilled holes and the humidity sensor need to be arranged at appropriate intervals; at the same time, the bentonite slurry needs to be injected into the drilled hole at appropriate pressure and sufficient soaking time to ensure that the bentonite slurry can fully penetrate the cracks of the limestone to strengthen the strength of the chamber wall structure.

[0041] General working conditions: the grouting hole interval is recommended to be 1.5 to 3.0 meters (longitudinal x circumferential), which needs to be adjusted according to the following factors: the degree of development of rock mass fracture, fracture dense zone (fracture spacing <0.5m), which is encrypted to 1.0 to 1.5 meters, medium fracture (fracture spacing 0.5 to 1m), spacing 1.5 to 2.5 meters, complete rock mass (fracture spacing >1m), spacing 2.5 to 3.5 meters. Grouting pressure and diffusion radius, the diffusion radius of bentonite slurry is usually 0.5 to 1.5 meters (under low pressure grouting conditions), and the hole distance is preferably 1.5 to 2 times the diffusion radius. See Table 1 for details.

[0042] Table 1 Grouting hole spacing, pressure and slurry ratio reference

[0043]

[0044] The arrangement of the humidity sensor needs to meet the following conditions

[0045] Routine monitoring: sensors are arranged at intervals of 5 to 10 meters along the longitudinal direction of the tunnel, and the key areas need to be encrypted. In high-risk areas (tectonic fracture zones, existing leakage points), the encryption is 2 to 3 meters. In medium-risk areas (fracture development but no open water), the interval is 3 to 5 meters. In low-risk areas (intact rock mass), the interval is 8 to 12 meters.

[0046] Spatial distribution, key points need to be laid along the tunnel section (vault, haunch, side wall), forming a three-dimensional monitoring network, and the sensors and grouting holes are staggered to avoid mutual interference.

Claims

1. A device for sealing leakage channels in karst cave systems, characterized in that... It mainly includes a tracked vehicle base and a drilling and grouting platform; a fixed seat is fixedly installed on the tracked vehicle base, a movable boom is rotatably installed on the fixed seat, a telescopic arm is slidably installed inside the movable boom, and the drilling and grouting platform is installed on the telescopic arm; a drilling rig and its drill rod and a pressure pump and its grouting rod are installed on the drilling and grouting platform.

2. The leakage channel sealing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A first adjusting hydraulic push rod is fixedly arranged between the movable boom and the fixed base. The two ends of the first adjusting hydraulic push rod are respectively connected to the movable boom and the fixed base through rotating connecting blocks. A telescopic hydraulic push rod is fixedly installed inside the movable boom, and the output end of the telescopic hydraulic push rod is connected to the starting end of the telescopic arm.

3. The leakage channel sealing device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The telescopic boom is fixedly mounted on a mounting frame, and a steering adjustment mechanism is arranged on the mounting frame. The drilling and grouting platform is mounted on the telescopic boom through the steering adjustment mechanism.

4. The leakage channel sealing device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The steering adjustment mechanism mainly includes a U-shaped movable platform, which is rotatably mounted on the mounting frame. A rotating disc is rotatably mounted on the top side of the U-shaped movable platform, and a drilling and grouting platform is fixedly mounted on the top side of the rotating disc. A rotating motor is fixedly mounted on the U-shaped movable platform, and the output end of the rotating motor passes through the U-shaped movable platform and is connected to the bottom side of the rotating disc. A limit ring is rotatably mounted on the top side of the U-shaped movable platform, and the limit ring is fixedly mounted on the bottom side of the rotating disc.

5. The leakage channel sealing device according to claim 4, characterized in that: A second adjusting hydraulic rod is arranged between the mounting frame and the U-shaped movable platform. The two ends of the second adjusting hydraulic rod are respectively connected to the mounting frame and the U-shaped movable platform through rotating connecting seats.

6. The leakage channel sealing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The top of the drilling grouting platform is fixedly mounted with a first linear module and a second linear module. A first electric slide is movably mounted on the first linear module, and the drilling rig is fixedly mounted on the first electric slide. A drill rod is fixedly mounted on the output end of the drilling rig, and a hydraulic sensor is arranged on the outside of the drill rod. A second electric slide is movably mounted on the second linear module, and a pressure pump is fixedly mounted on the second electric slide. A grouting rod is fixedly mounted on the output end of the pressure pump, and multiple grouting holes are circumferentially opened on the grouting rod.

7. The leakage channel sealing device according to claim 6, characterized in that: A first movable plate and a second movable plate are slidably installed on the drilling grouting platform; a fixing ring is fixedly installed on the front side of the first movable plate, and a dust suppression nozzle is fixedly installed on the fixing ring, with the drill rod passing through the first movable plate from the center of the fixing ring; a rubber airbag expansion sealing gasket (compatible with the grouting rod) is fixedly installed on the front side of the second movable plate, with the grouting rod passing through the second movable plate from the center of the rubber airbag expansion sealing gasket; electric push rods are fixedly installed on both sides of the drilling grouting platform, and their output ends are respectively connected to the first movable plate and the second movable plate.

8. The leakage channel sealing device according to claim 7, characterized in that: A support base is fixedly installed below the movable boom at the front of the tracked vehicle base, and a slurry phase pump assembly and a water tank pump assembly are fixedly installed at the rear of the tracked vehicle base; a slurry conveying pipe is fixedly installed on the slurry phase pump assembly, and the end of the slurry conveying pipe is connected to a booster pump; a water conveying pipe is fixedly installed at the output end of the water tank pump assembly, and the end of the water conveying pipe is connected to a dust suppression nozzle on the first movable plate.

9. A method for drainage and pressure reduction in a karst cave system, characterized in that... Using the leakage channel sealing device described in any one of claims 1 to 8, boreholes are drilled and grout is injected into the inner wall of the cave, and a drainage and pressure reduction system is arranged as follows: a grouting sealing block is arranged in the borehole, a humidity sensor is arranged on the inner wall of the cave, a drainage ditch is arranged at the ground connection of the inner wall of the cave, a drainage water level sensor is arranged in the drainage ditch, and a groundwater pump and a groundwater level sensor are arranged in the groundwater area of ​​the cave complex.

10. The drainage pressure reduction method according to claim 9, characterized in that: The grouting holes are spaced 1.0-3.5 meters apart, the grouting pressure is 0.3-1.5 MPa, and the grout mix ratio is 1.12-1.

8. The humidity sensors are arranged at intervals of 2-12 meters along the longitudinal direction of the tunnel, and along the arch, waist, and sidewalls of the tunnel cross-section to form a three-dimensional monitoring network.

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