Transducer index evaluation method based on TOPSIS multi-objective optimization

Abstract

The invention relates to a transducer index evaluation method based on TOPSIS multi-objective optimization, and the method comprises the following steps: S1, carrying out the response test of a transducer according to an optimization variable in an anechoic pool, and obtaining test data; s2, processing the test data based on a TOPSIS multi-objective optimization algorithm to obtain an optimization result; and S3, based on the optimization result, determining the optimal installation position of the transducer in the fairing, and completing transducer index evaluation. According to the invention, through combination of the multi-dimensional test and the multi-objective optimization algorithm, global optimal selection of the installation position of the transducer is realized, and the problems of dependence on experience and incomplete optimization in the prior art are solved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of sonar transducer, and particularly relates to a transducer index evaluation method based on TOPSIS multi-objective optimization. BACKGROUND

[0002] The transducer is the core component of the underwater acoustic system, and its performance directly determines the realization effect of underwater detection, communication, navigation and other functions. Voltage transmission response and directivity as key technical indexes of the transducer are core parameters for measuring the energy conversion efficiency and signal directional ability of the transducer. The voltage transmission response reflects the efficiency of the transducer in converting electrical signals into acoustic signals, and the higher the value is, the better the energy conversion performance is. The directivity describes the acoustic radiation characteristics of the transducer in different spatial directions, and directly affects the directional transmission accuracy of signals.

[0003] In actual engineering applications, the transducer usually needs to be installed in a fairing to reduce water flow resistance, protect the structure of the transducer and optimize the acoustic environment. However, the structural parameters (such as shape and size) of the fairing and the installation position (such as axial position and radial offset) of the transducer in the fairing will significantly change the acoustic boundary conditions of the transducer, and then affect its performance indexes such as voltage transmission response and directivity. For example, different installation positions may cause changes in the reflection and scattering paths of sound waves in the fairing, causing performance attenuation or enhancement at specific frequencies; and the influence of the angle factor makes the performance of the transducer in the non-axial direction different from that in the axial direction, further increasing the complexity of the optimization of the installation parameters.

[0004] At present, the selection of the installation position of the transducer depends on empirical tests or single-index optimization, which has the following technical defects:

[0005] 1. Lack of systematic quantitative method: The traditional method mainly determines the installation scheme by comparing the performance indexes of a small number of typical positions, which is difficult to cover the comprehensive influence of multi-dimensional parameters such as frequency and angle, and is easy to lead to local optimization rather than global optimization;

[0006] 2. Insufficient multi-objective optimization capability: The indexes such as voltage transmission response and directivity often have coupling relationship (such as excellent transmission response but poor directivity at a certain position and at a specific frequency), and single-index optimization cannot realize the comprehensive balance of performance;

[0007] 3. Limited engineering applicability: The existing optimization methods are mostly designed for specific scenarios, and have poor universality, which is difficult to adapt to the needs of different fairing structures or working bandwidths, resulting in the need for repeated tests in engineering applications, high cost and low efficiency.

[0008] As a mature decision analysis method, TOPSIS multi-objective optimization algorithm has been widely used in mechanical design, resource allocation and other fields. The core idea is to quantify the good and bad degree by calculating the distance between the evaluation object and the ideal solution and the negative ideal solution, and to realize the comprehensive ranking of multiple indicators. However, in the field of underwater acoustic transducer testing, there is no related technical scheme for applying TOPSIS algorithm to installation position optimization. SUMMARY

[0009] To solve the technical problems existing in the prior art, the purpose of the present application is to provide a transducer index evaluation method based on TOPSIS multi-objective optimization, which realizes the scientific selection of transducer installation position by constructing a multi-dimensional test system and a quantitative optimization model, and solves the problem of relying on experience and incomplete optimization in the prior art.

[0010] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose of the application, the present application provides a transducer index evaluation method based on TOPSIS multi-objective optimization, comprising the following steps:

[0011] Step S1, in the anechoic tank, according to the optimization variable, the transducer is tested for response, and the test data is obtained;

[0012] Step S2, based on the TOPSIS multi-objective optimization algorithm, the test data is processed to obtain the optimization result;

[0013] Step S3, based on the optimization result, the best installation position of the transducer in the fairing is determined, and the transducer index evaluation is completed.

[0014] According to one technical solution of the present application, in step S1, the test data includes voltage sending response value;

[0015] The optimization variable at least includes: test frequency, test angle and physical installation parameter;

[0016] The test frequency includes at least two of 30kHz, 35kHz, 40kHz and 45kHz;

[0017] The physical installation parameter includes target fairing and installation position, and the installation position at least includes upper part of the fairing and middle part of the fairing;

[0018] The test angle includes at least 5 angles of 0°, 45°, 90°, 135°, 180°, 225°, 270°, 315° and 360°.

[0019] According to one technical solution of the present application, in step S2, based on the TOPSIS multi-objective optimization algorithm, the test data is processed to obtain the optimization result, which specifically includes:

[0020] Step S201, dimensionless processing is performed on the test data to generate a standardized matrix {a ij};

[0021] Step S202, positive ideal solution {a ij} + and negative ideal solution {a ij} - of the standardized matrix are calculated.

[0022] Step S203, the Euclidean distance of each installation condition to the positive ideal solution and the negative ideal solution is calculated.

[0023] Step S204, a TOPSIS comprehensive evaluation index C j is calculated.

[0024] According to one technical solution of the present application, the step S2 further comprises:

[0025] Step S205, the TOPSIS comprehensive evaluation index C j is taken as a dimensionless factor, and optimization is performed again based on the TOPSIS multi-objective optimization algorithm.

[0026] According to one technical solution of the present application, in the step S201, the dimensionless formula is represented as:

[0027]

[0028] wherein x ij is the test value of the i-th test and the j-th evaluation index, and n represents the number of tests.

[0029] According to one technical solution of the present application, in the step S202, the positive ideal solution of the standardized matrix {a ij} is represented as:

[0030] {a ij} + = MAX{a ij} i = 1, 2, 3,..., 9, j = 1, 2, 3, 4

[0031] The negative ideal solution of the standardized matrix {a ij} is represented as:

[0032] {a ij} - = MIN{a ij} i = 1, 2, 3,..., 9, j = 1, 2, 3, 4.

[0033] According to one technical solution of the present application, in the step S203, the calculation formula of the Euclidean distance is:

[0034]

[0035]

[0036] wherein ω j is a weight factor.

[0037] According to one technical solution of the present application, in the step S204, the calculation formula of the comprehensive evaluation index C j is:

[0038]

[0039] According to one aspect of the present application, an electronic device is provided, comprising one or more processors, one or more memories, and one or more computer programs; wherein the processor is connected with the memory, and the one or more computer programs are stored in the memory; when the electronic device is running, the processor executes the one or more computer programs stored in the memory, so that the electronic device executes the transducer index evaluation method based on TOPSIS multi-objective optimization according to any one of the above technical solutions.

[0040] According to one aspect of the present application, a computer readable storage medium is provided for storing computer instructions, which are executed by a processor to implement the transducer index evaluation method based on TOPSIS multi-objective optimization according to any one of the above technical solutions.

[0041] Compared with the prior art, the present application has the following beneficial effects:

[0042] The present application provides a transducer index evaluation method based on TOPSIS multi-objective optimization, which breaks through the limitations of traditional single index or empirical optimization by constructing a multi-dimensional test system of transmission frequency, angle and physical installation parameters, and quantitatively analyzing the transducer performance index by combining the TOPSIS algorithm, and realizes the comprehensive balance of voltage sending response and directivity.

[0043] The present application systematically and quantitatively solves the multi-objective optimization problem through the dimensionless processing, positive ideal solution, negative ideal solution construction, Euclidean distance calculation and secondary optimization process, avoids the interference of subjective factors, makes the selection of the best installation position more scientific and repeatable, and reduces the engineering test cost.

[0044] The application applies the TOPSIS multi-objective optimization algorithm to the field of underwater acoustic transducer installation testing, verifies the feasibility of the algorithm in acoustic performance optimization, and provides a new technical path for parameter optimization of transducers and similar acoustic devices.

[0045] The application can be directly applied to transducer installation scenes with different fairing structures and different working bandwidths, the optimization result can directly guide engineering practice, and the comprehensive performance of the transducer in actual work is significantly improved. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0046] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application or the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor on the basis of these drawings.

[0047] Figure 1 A flowchart of a transducer index evaluation method based on TOPSIS multi-objective optimization in an embodiment of the present application is shown.

[0048] Figure 2 A composition diagram of a transducer index evaluation system based on TOPSIS multi-objective optimization in an embodiment of the present application is shown.

[0049] Figure 3 A flowchart of step S2 in an embodiment of the present application is shown.

[0050] Figure 4 A flowchart of a transducer index evaluation method based on TOPSIS multi-objective optimization in another embodiment of the present application is shown. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0051] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present application clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be described clearly and completely below in combination with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are some of the embodiments of the present application, not all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor are within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0052] Embodiment one

[0053] As shown in the drawings, Figure 1 The present application provides a transducer index evaluation method based on TOPSIS multi-objective optimization, which determines the optimal installation position of the transducer in the fairing through systematic testing and multi-objective optimization algorithm to improve the comprehensive acoustic performance of the transducer.

[0054] The transducer index evaluation method based on the TOPSIS multi-objective optimization comprises the following steps:

[0055] In step S1, multi-angle sending response tests are performed on the transducer in multiple installation positions in multiple fairings according to optimization variables in an anechoic tank, and test data are obtained, wherein the multiple fairings refer to at least two fairings.

[0056] Further, in step S1, the test data include voltage sending response values.

[0057] The optimization variables at least include test frequencies, test angles, and physical installation parameters.

[0058] The test frequencies include at least two of 30 kHz, 35 kHz, 40 kHz, and 45 kHz.

[0059] The physical installation parameters include a target fairing and an installation position, and the installation position at least includes a fairing upper portion and a fairing middle portion.

[0060] The test angles include at least five angles of 0°, 45°, 90°, 135°, 180°, 225°, 270°, 315°, and 360°.

[0061] The selected frequencies cover the core working bandwidth of the transducer, and can reflect the performance difference at different frequencies; the voltage sending response values are directly related to the energy conversion efficiency of the transducer, and are the core index for evaluating the performance; the adjustment of the multiple installation positions and the multiple test angles fully considers the influence of the fairing structure and the spatial direction on the performance of the transducer, and avoids the optimization deviation caused by the insufficient test dimensions. By determining the test parameters, high-quality and high-coverage raw data are provided for the subsequent TOPSIS multi-objective optimization, the reliability and engineering applicability of the optimization results are effectively guaranteed, and the problem of insufficient data support caused by the randomness of the traditional test parameters is solved.

[0062] Step S2, processing the test data based on the TOPSIS multi-objective optimization algorithm to obtain an optimization result, wherein the optimization variables at least include: test frequency, test angle, and physical installation parameter, wherein the physical installation parameter refers to the physical installation parameter of the transducer in the fairing, including the fairing type (such as A cover, B cover) and the position of the transducer in the fairing (such as upper part, middle part), for testing the influence of different installation environments on performance; the transmission frequency refers to the frequency of the electrical signal of the transducer transmitting sound waves, covering at least two frequency points (such as 30 kHz, 35 kHz) in the working bandwidth of the transducer, for testing the performance difference at different frequencies; the angle refers to the spatial direction of the transducer transmitting / receiving sound waves, covering at least 5 angles (such as 0°, 45°, 90°) in 0°-360°, by adjusting different test angles to test the performance difference in different spatial directions. In summary, the transmission frequency, angle, and physical installation parameter constitute the parameters of the installation condition, such as Figure 3 As shown in the figure, the step S2 specifically includes:

[0063] Step S201, dimensionless processing of the test data to generate a standardized matrix {a ij}, and the dimensionless formula is represented as:

[0064]

[0065] Wherein, x ij is the test value of the i-th test, the j-th evaluation index, and n represents the number of tests.

[0066] By standardizing the conversion of the original test data, the dimensional difference and numerical scale difference of the test data under different angles and different conditions are effectively eliminated.

[0067] In transducer testing, although the numerical values of different angles are consistent, the numerical fluctuation range may differ, and directly participating in optimization may lead to the dominance of indicators with large numerical scales, affecting the fairness of optimization. Based on dimensionless, each data is divided by the Euclidean norm of the index it belongs to, so that all data are normalized to the same order of magnitude, ensuring that the test data of each angle has equal weight in the optimization process, and avoiding optimization bias caused by data scale difference. At the same time, the formula is simple to calculate and has clear physical meaning, which can preserve the relative difference characteristics of the original data, provide reliable standardized data for subsequent positive and negative ideal solution calculation and distance analysis, and improve the accuracy and stability of multi-objective optimization.

[0068] Step S202, calculating the positive ideal solution {a ij} and the negative ideal solution {a ij} of the standardized matrix {a -}, wherein the positive ideal solution {a ij} is represented as: + , and the negative ideal solution {a ij} is represented as: - .ij The positive ideal solution of the normalized matrix {a

[0069] {a ij} + = MAX {a ij} i = 1, 2, 3, …, 9, j = 1, 2, 3, 4

[0070] The negative ideal solution of the normalized matrix {a ij} is represented as:

[0071] {a ij} - = MIN {a ij} i = 1, 2, 3, …, 9, j = 1, 2, 3, 4.

[0072] The positive ideal solution defines the theoretically optimal performance state by selecting the maximum value of the normalized data at each angle; the negative ideal solution defines the theoretically worst performance state by selecting the minimum value at each angle. A clear and objective performance evaluation benchmark is established for the optimization of transducer installation conditions. The benchmark setting method is directly related to the core performance requirement of the transducer - the larger the sending response, the better, which meets the technical index characteristics of the transducer. By defining the calculation rules of the ideal solution, the gap between each installation condition and the optimal and worst states can be quantified, providing a unified reference standard for subsequent Euclidean distance calculation, avoiding the subjectivity of ideal solution setting, significantly improving the objectivity and repeatability of multi-objective optimization, and ensuring the scientificity of performance comparison between different conditions.

[0073] Step S203, calculating the distance from each installation condition to the positive ideal solution Euclidean distance of the negative ideal solution The calculation formula of the Euclidean distance is:

[0074]

[0075]

[0076] where ω j is a weight factor.

[0077] As a classical spatial distance measurement method, the Euclidean distance can accurately quantify the actual gap between the standardized data of each installation condition and the positive ideal solution and the negative ideal solution in the multi-dimensional space, comprehensively reflect the comprehensive deviation degree of performance at each angle, and avoid the one-sidedness of single index evaluation.

[0078] Further, the weight factor ω jThe introduction of this formula enhances the flexibility of the optimization process—it allows for the adjustment of importance weights from different angles or under different operating conditions based on actual engineering needs, enabling the optimization results to adapt to various application scenarios. In practical applications, this formula accurately captures the performance differences under various operating conditions, providing reliable distance parameters for the calculation of the comprehensive evaluation index, and improving the accuracy and adaptability of multi-objective optimization.

[0079] Step S204: Calculate the TOPSIS comprehensive evaluation index C j The comprehensive evaluation index C j The calculation formula is:

[0080]

[0081] By integrating the Euclidean distances from various installation conditions to the positive and negative ideal solutions, multidimensional performance evaluation is transformed into a single quantitative index, thus achieving simplified decision-making for multi-objective optimization. j The value of C directly reflects the overall performance of the operating condition—the closer the value is to 1, the closer the operating condition is to the ideal solution, and the better the performance; the closer the value is to 0, the closer it is to the negative ideal solution, and the worse the performance. This quantification method is clear and intuitive, and can effectively avoid the decision-making difficulties caused by conflicting indicators in multi-indicator evaluation. In transducer testing, this formula can transform the complex relationships of multiple dimensions such as frequency, angle, and physical installation parameters into a directly comparable C. j The value significantly simplifies the selection process for optimal installation conditions while retaining the comprehensive impact of each indicator, ensuring the scientific nature and reliability of the decision-making results, and providing a quantitative basis for the rapid determination of transducer installation locations.

[0082] This invention presents a transducer performance evaluation method based on TOPSIS multi-objective optimization. By eliminating dimensional differences in test data from different angles through dimensionless processing, it ensures that all indicators have an equal basis for comparison during the optimization process. The calculation of positive and negative ideal solutions establishes clear "optimal benchmarks" and "worst benchmarks" for optimization, clearly defining the reference boundaries for performance evaluation. The calculation of Euclidean distance quantifies the actual difference between each installation condition and the ideal solution, making performance quality measurable. The comprehensive evaluation index, by integrating distance information, transforms multi-dimensional performance indicators into a single quantitative value, simplifying the decision-making difficulty of multi-objective optimization. This invention systematically transforms complex multi-factor optimization problems into operable quantitative analysis steps, avoiding the interference of subjective experience in traditional optimization, significantly improving the scientificity and accuracy of transducer installation location optimization, and providing a standardized technical path for multi-objective decision-making.

[0083] In some embodiments of the present invention, step S2 further includes:

[0084] Step S205: Calculate the TOPSIS comprehensive evaluation index C.j As a dimensionless factor, it is further optimized based on the TOPSIS multi-objective optimization algorithm.

[0085] That is equivalent to C j As a dimensionless factor, steps S201 to S204 are executed again.

[0086] By using the TOPSIS comprehensive evaluation index C j As a dimensionless factor, the TOPSIS multi-objective optimization algorithm is applied again for secondary optimization, achieving a single objective of frequency and physical installation parameters. This solves the technical problem of differences in optimal installation conditions at different frequencies—because the acoustic characteristics of the transducer fluctuate at different frequencies, the optimization results at a single frequency are insufficient to meet the comprehensive performance requirements within the operating bandwidth. The secondary optimization, through the application of C at various frequencies… j As a new evaluation metric, multi-objective optimization is performed again to balance performance at different frequencies, integrating the scattered frequency-optimal results into a globally optimal solution within the operating bandwidth. Actual test results show that this technical solution effectively eliminates the limitations of local frequency optimization, ensuring that the transducer possesses excellent overall performance across the entire operating bandwidth. It significantly improves the engineering applicability of the optimization results, providing technical support for the stable application of the transducer in broadband scenarios.

[0087] Step S3: Based on the optimization results, determine the optimal installation position of the transducer in the fairing and complete the evaluation of the transducer performance.

[0088] In some embodiments of the present invention, such as Figure 4 As shown, the transducer performance evaluation method based on TOPSIS multi-objective optimization also includes:

[0089] Step S4: Based on the optimal installation position, install the transducer in the shroud corresponding to the optimal installation position.

[0090] By conducting transmit response tests with multiple guide vanes, installation positions, and test angles in an anechoic water tank, and systematically processing the test data using the TOPSIS multi-objective optimization algorithm, the optimal installation position was ultimately determined and installation completed. This invention overcomes the limitations of traditional transducer installation position selection, which relies on empirical experiments or single-index optimization, and achieves a comprehensive consideration of multiple factors such as frequency, angle, and physical installation parameters. By introducing the TOPSIS multi-objective optimization algorithm into the field of transducer installation optimization, a complete technical process of "test data acquisition - multi-objective quantitative analysis - optimal solution determination" was constructed for the first time in transducer testing, effectively solving the technical problems of traditional methods in balancing the coupling relationship of multiple indicators and easily getting trapped in local optima. In practical applications, this method can scientifically quantify the comprehensive performance of various installation conditions, significantly improve the comprehensive performance of core indicators such as voltage transmit response and directivity of the transducer within the operating bandwidth, and provide systematic and repeatable technical support for the engineering application of transducers.

[0091] Example 2

[0092] This embodiment details the complete implementation process of a transducer performance evaluation method based on TOPSIS multi-objective optimization, which is implemented using a transducer installation condition optimization system. (Refer to...) Figure 2 The transducer performance evaluation system based on TOPSIS multi-objective optimization in this embodiment mainly includes: a signal source, a power amplifier transmitter, a receiver, a measurement amplifier, a filter, a data acquisition card, an oscilloscope, and a computer. The computer is used to execute steps S1 to S3 of the transducer performance evaluation method based on TOPSIS multi-objective optimization.

[0093] The signal source is the signal generating device of the test system, used to generate electrical signals of specific frequencies to provide the original electrical signal excitation for the transducer to emit sound waves. In the test, its output frequency covers key frequency points within the transducer's operating bandwidth, such as 30kHz, 35kHz, 40kHz, and 45kHz, and it is the signal source of the entire test system.

[0094] The power amplifier is connected between the signal source and the transmitter (transducer). Its main function is to amplify the weak electrical signal output from the signal source. Since the signal power output from the signal source is relatively small, it cannot directly drive the transducer to effectively transmit sound waves. The power amplifier increases the signal power to ensure that the transducer can transmit a sound wave signal with sufficient intensity according to the test requirements.

[0095] The transmitting end, namely the piezoelectric cylindrical transducer used in the test, is the core component for converting electrical signals into acoustic signals. Driven by the electrical signal output from the power amplifier, the transducer converts electrical energy into acoustic energy through the piezoelectric effect and emits sound waves into the anechoic pool. The voltage transmission response and directivity of the emitted sound wave signal are the core evaluation objects of the test.

[0096] The fairing is installed outside the transducer and mainly serves to simulate the actual working environment of the transducer, protect the transducer structure, and optimize acoustic propagation conditions during testing. Different fairing structures and different installation positions of the transducer within the fairing will change the acoustic boundary conditions of the transducer, thereby affecting its transmission response and directivity performance, and are one of the key variables that need to be examined during testing.

[0097] The anechoic pool provides a controlled acoustic environment for the entire test. The inner walls and bottom of the pool are lined with sound-absorbing materials, which can effectively absorb sound waves and reduce the impact of environmental reflections, scattering and other interference factors on the test results. This ensures that the sound wave signals emitted by the transducer are mainly received by the receiver in the form of direct waves during the test, thus guaranteeing the accuracy and reliability of the test data.

[0098] The receiver, or hydrophone, is the component that converts acoustic signals into electrical signals. It receives the acoustic signals emitted by the transducer and converts them into corresponding electrical signals, providing the raw signals for subsequent signal processing and analysis. It is a key component for acquiring the transducer's response data.

[0099] The measurement amplifier is connected between the receiver (hydrophone) and the filter. Its function is to amplify the weak electrical signal output by the hydrophone. Because the amplitude of the acoustic signal received by the hydrophone is small after being converted into an electrical signal, it is not conducive to subsequent processing and analysis. The measurement amplifier improves the signal-to-noise ratio by reasonably amplifying the signal, making it easier for subsequent equipment to process the signal effectively.

[0100] The filter is connected between the measurement amplifier and the acquisition card, and is mainly used to filter the amplified electrical signal. It can filter out noise and interference frequency components in the signal, retain the effective signal related to the test frequency, further purify the signal, and ensure that the acquired signal can truly reflect the transducer's transmission response characteristics.

[0101] The data acquisition card is a key component connecting the filter and the computer. Its function is to convert processed analog electrical signals into digital signals. Through the analog-to-digital conversion function of the data acquisition card, continuous analog signals are discretized so that the computer can store, analyze, and process the signals, thereby realizing the digital acquisition of test data.

[0102] An oscilloscope is connected to a data acquisition card or signal processing link to display the waveform of an electrical signal in real time. During testing, operators can visually observe the amplitude, frequency, waveform stability, and other characteristics of the signal through the oscilloscope, monitor the working status of the testing system in real time, ensure the normal progress of the testing process, and promptly identify and eliminate signal anomalies and other problems.

[0103] The transducer used in the experiment was a piezoelectric cylindrical transducer, which has the characteristics of simple structure and stable working performance. It is non-directional in the horizontal direction. In underwater acoustic transducers, this type of transducer is often used as a transmitting transducer. The piezoelectric cylindrical transducer also has the characteristics of high receiving sensitivity, so it is often deployed as a receiving array in practical engineering applications.

[0104] The computer serves as the control and data processing center of the testing system. On one hand, it can control parameters such as the output frequency of the signal source and the gain of the power amplifier through software, thereby achieving automated control of the testing process. On the other hand, it receives digital signals transmitted by the acquisition card, stores, calculates, analyzes, and displays the test data, and ultimately generates the test results of the transducer's response. It is the core control and data processing platform of the entire testing system.

[0105] Furthermore, the output of the signal source is connected to the input of the power amplifier, and the output of the power amplifier is connected to the transmitter (transducer). This forms a signal transmission link: the electrical signal generated by the signal source is first input to the power amplifier for power amplification, and the amplified electrical signal is transmitted to the transducer to drive the transducer to emit sound waves.

[0106] The output of the receiver (hydrophone) is connected to the input of the measuring amplifier. The output of the measuring amplifier is connected to the input of the filter, and the output of the filter is connected to the input of the data acquisition card. The data acquisition card is connected to both the oscilloscope and the computer. The resulting signal reception and processing chain is as follows: the hydrophone receives the acoustic signal and converts it into an electrical signal, which is then transmitted to the measuring amplifier for amplification. The amplified signal is then filtered to remove noise. The filtered signal is input to the data acquisition card for analog-to-digital conversion. The converted digital signal is transmitted to both the oscilloscope for real-time waveform display and the computer for data storage, analysis, and processing.

[0107] The entire testing system is structured around signal generation, transmission, conversion, processing, and analysis, forming a complete closed-loop chain. The signal transmission section, consisting of a signal source, power amplifier, and transducer connected in sequence, is responsible for converting electrical signals into acoustic signals and transmitting them into the anechoic pool. The signal receiving and processing section, consisting of a hydrophone, measuring amplifier, filter, acquisition card, oscilloscope, and computer connected in sequence, is responsible for converting acoustic signals back into electrical signals and processing, analyzing, and displaying them. All components are electrically connected via cables and other means, working collaboratively to complete the transducer's response testing task.

[0108] The transducer operates with a fairing. To ensure that the transducer's emission voltage response and directivity better meet the requirements of actual engineering applications, a fairing of appropriate size and structure should be selected, and the installation position of the transducer within the fairing should be determined.

[0109] The test scheme used four operating conditions, with the transducer in two positions in two types of fairings. The transducer's transmission response and directivity at different frequencies were used as evaluation indicators. The TOPSIS multi-objective optimization algorithm was used to process the test data, and the optimal scheme was selected as the final state of the transducer working in water.

[0110] The transducer is located in two different positions within two different fairings, resulting in four physical installation parameters: upper part of fairing A (A), middle part of fairing A (B), upper part of fairing B (C), and middle part of fairing B (D). Under each operating condition, the transducer with fairings was tested at nine angles and four frequency bands every 45°. Therefore, this embodiment involves three sets of variables: operating condition, angle, and transmission frequency. The test results are shown in Table 1 below:

[0111]

[0112]

[0113] Table 1

[0114] First, the above data is standardized, including data homogenization and dimensionless processing. Since the data are all emission responses, exhibiting a magnification characteristic (the larger the better), homogenization is unnecessary; instead, dimensionless processing is directly applied to obtain the standardized matrix {a} of the test data. ij The dimensionless formula is:

[0115]

[0116] Where, x ij Let be the experimental value of the i-th experiment and the j-th evaluation index, and n represent the number of experiments. Since each state was tested 9 times from different angles at different frequencies, n = 9. ijFor the i-th experiment, the j-th evaluation index is the dimensionless value. The transducer has four states in water, so j = 4.

[0117] Second, determine the matrix {a} ij Positive ideal solution and negative ideal solution

[0118] Matrix {a ij The ideal solution to} is:

[0119] {a ij} + =MAX{a ij}i=1,2,3,...,9,j=1,2,3,4 (3-2)

[0120] Matrix {a ij The negative ideal solution of} is:

[0121] {a ij} - =MIN{a ij}i=1,2,3,...,9,j=1,2,3,4 (3-3)

[0122] First, the experimental data are standardized according to Equation (3-1). Then, positive and negative ideal solutions are calculated for the standardized data according to Equations (3-2) and (3-3). The calculation results are shown in Table 2 (all data in Table 2 are retained to 5 significant figures).

[0123]

[0124]

[0125] Table 2 Standardized Data and Positive and Negative Ideal Solutions Third, calculate the Euclidean distance D from each data point to the positive and negative ideal solutions. + and D - :

[0126]

[0127]

[0128] Fourth, solve for the TOPSIS comprehensive evaluation index C. j :

[0129]

[0130] For the transducer's transmit response, a larger expected value is more ideal; therefore, the TOPSIS evaluation index C is... j The bigger one is better.

[0131] Based on equations (3-4), (3-5), and (3-6), the experimental data can be calculated to obtain D. + D - and C j The calculation results are shown in Table 3 (all data in Table 3 are rounded to 5 significant figures).

[0132]

[0133] Table 3. Euclidean Distance and TOPSIS Comprehensive Evaluation Index

[0134] Table 3 shows that at 30 kHz, the transmission performance is best in condition D (the middle of the B shield); at 35 kHz, the transmission performance is best in condition D (the middle of the B shield); at 40 kHz, the transmission performance is best in condition C (the upper part of the B shield); and at 45 kHz, the transmission performance is best in condition B (the middle of the A shield).

[0135] Furthermore, to determine the optimal installation conditions for the transducer, the TOPSIS evaluation index C in Table 3 above needs to be evaluated. j Perform a second optimization, and change C in the table above. j As a dimensionless factor, the transmission response under various operating conditions at different frequencies is optimized in a secondary manner. Table 4 is obtained based on Table 3 and equations (3-2) and (3-3).

[0136]

[0137] Table 4 Positive and Negative Ideal Solutions for Quadratic Optimization

[0138] Based on equations (3-4), (3-5), and (3-6), perform a quadratic Euclidean distance calculation on the data in the table above and calculate the TOPSIS evaluation index C. j Solving for the quadratic optimized Euclidean distance D yields the solution. + D - and TOPIS comprehensive evaluation index C j The calculation results are shown in 5.

[0139]

[0140]

[0141] Table 5. Euclidean distance and comprehensive evaluation index after secondary optimization.

[0142] Based on the TOPSIS multi-objective secondary optimization results, it can be concluded that considering factors such as launch angle and launch frequency, the launch effect in condition D, i.e., the middle of the B-cover, is the most ideal. Therefore, condition D is used as a reference in the structural design of the transducer fairing to meet the actual engineering needs.

[0143] Through water tank experiments and data analysis, the feasibility of the TOPSIS multi-objective optimization algorithm as a scientific evaluation index in the field of transducer testing was demonstrated.

[0144] Example 3

[0145] According to one aspect of the present invention, an electronic device is provided, comprising: one or more processors, one or more memories, and one or more computer programs; wherein the processor is connected to the memory, the one or more computer programs are stored in the memory, and when the electronic device is running, the processor executes the one or more computer programs stored in the memory to cause the electronic device to perform the transducer index evaluation method based on TOPSIS multi-objective optimization as described in any of the above technical solutions.

[0146] According to one aspect of the present invention, a computer-readable storage medium is provided for storing computer instructions, which, when executed by a processor, implement the transducer performance evaluation method based on TOPSIS multi-objective optimization as described in any of the above technical solutions.

[0147] Computer-readable storage media can include any medium capable of storing or transmitting information. Examples of computer-readable storage media include electronic circuits, semiconductor memory devices, ROM, flash memory, erasable ROM (EROM), floppy disks, CD-ROMs, optical disks, hard disks, fiber optic media, radio frequency (RF) links, and so on. Code segments can be downloaded via computer networks such as the Internet and intranets.

[0148] Furthermore, it should be noted that the present invention can be provided as a method, apparatus, or computer program product. Therefore, embodiments of the present invention can take the form of a completely hardware embodiment, a completely software embodiment, or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Moreover, embodiments of the present invention can take the form of a computer program product implemented on one or more computer-usable storage media containing computer-usable program code.

[0149] Embodiments of the present invention are described with reference to flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams of methods, terminal devices (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of the invention. It will be understood that each block of the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, and combinations of blocks in the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions can be provided to a processor of a general-purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing terminal device to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing terminal device, generate instructions for implementing the flowchart illustrations. Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 A device that provides the functions specified in one or more boxes.

[0150] These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable storage medium that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing terminal device to operate in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable storage medium produce an article of manufacture including instruction means, which are implemented in a process Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The functions specified in one or more boxes. These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing terminal equipment to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable terminal equipment to produce a computer-implemented process, thereby providing instructions that execute on the computer or other programmable terminal equipment for implementing the process. Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The steps of the function specified in one or more boxes.

[0151] It should also be noted that, in this document, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or terminal device that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or terminal device. Without further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or terminal device that includes said element.

[0152] Finally, it should be noted that the above description represents a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that although preferred embodiments have been described, those skilled in the art, once they understand the basic inventive concept of the present invention, can make various improvements and modifications without departing from the principles described herein. These improvements and modifications should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the appended claims are intended to be interpreted as including both the preferred embodiments and all changes and modifications falling within the scope of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A transducer performance evaluation method based on TOPSIS multi-objective optimization, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step S1: In the anechoic water tank, conduct a response test on the transducer based on the optimization variables and obtain test data; Step S2: Process the test data based on the TOPSIS multi-objective optimization algorithm to obtain the optimization results; Step S3: Based on the optimization results, determine the optimal installation position of the transducer in the fairing and complete the evaluation of the transducer performance.

2. The transducer performance evaluation method based on TOPSIS multi-objective optimization according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S1, the test data includes voltage transmission response values; The optimization variables include at least: test frequency, test angle, and physical installation parameters; The test frequencies include at least two of 30kHz, 35kHz, 40kHz, and 45kHz; The physical installation parameters include the target fairing and the installation position, wherein the installation position includes at least the upper part of the fairing and the middle part of the fairing; The test angles include at least five angles selected from 0°, 45°, 90°, 135°, 180°, 225°, 270°, 315°, and 360°.

3. The transducer performance evaluation method based on TOPSIS multi-objective optimization according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S2, the test data is processed based on the TOPSIS multi-objective optimization algorithm to obtain the optimization result, specifically including: Step S201: Perform dimensionless processing on the test data to generate a standardized matrix {a ij }; Step S202: Calculate the positive ideal solution {a} of the normalized matrix. ij } + and negative ideal solution {a ij } - ; Step S203: Calculate the positive ideal solution for each installation condition. Euclidean distance of negative ideal solution Step S204: Calculate the TOPSIS comprehensive evaluation index C j .

4. The transducer performance evaluation method based on TOPSIS multi-objective optimization according to claim 3, characterized in that, Step S2 also includes: Step S205: Calculate the TOPSIS comprehensive evaluation index C. j As a dimensionless factor, it is further optimized based on the TOPSIS multi-objective optimization algorithm.

5. The transducer performance evaluation method based on TOPSIS multi-objective optimization according to claim 3, characterized in that, In step S201, the dimensionless formula is expressed as: Where, x ij Let be the experimental value of the i-th experiment and the j-th evaluation index, and n represent the number of experiments.

6. The transducer performance evaluation method based on TOPSIS multi-objective optimization according to claim 5, characterized in that, In step S202, the standardized matrix {a ij The ideal solution of} is expressed as: {a ij } + =MAX{a ij }i=1,2,3,...,9,j=1,2,3,4 The standardized matrix {a ij The negative ideal solution of} is expressed as: {a ij } - =MIN{a ij }i=1,2,3,...,9,j=1,2,3,4。 7. The transducer performance evaluation method based on TOPSIS multi-objective optimization according to claim 5, characterized in that, In step S203, the Euclidean distance is calculated using the following formula: Where, ω j This is the weighting factor.

8. The transducer performance evaluation method based on TOPSIS multi-objective optimization according to claim 5, characterized in that, In step S204, the comprehensive evaluation index C j The calculation formula is:

9. An electronic device, characterized in that, include: One or more processors, one or more memories, and one or more computer programs; wherein the processor is connected to the memory, and the one or more computer programs are stored in the memory, and when the electronic device is running, the processor executes the one or more computer programs stored in the memory to cause the electronic device to perform the transducer index evaluation method based on TOPSIS multi-objective optimization as described in any one of claims 1 to 8.

10. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, Used to store computer instructions, which, when executed by a processor, implement the transducer performance evaluation method based on TOPSIS multi-objective optimization as described in any one of claims 1 to 8.

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