Multi-mass quantum simulation method and device based on Rydberg electromagnetically induced transparency

Abstract

The embodiment of the invention relates to the field of multi-body dynamics quantum simulation experiment devices, in particular to a multi-body quantum simulation method and device based on Rydberg electromagnetically induced transparency, and the multi-body quantum simulation method comprises an interaction mechanism between Rydberg light beams and electrostatic equilibrium interaction caused by Rydberg state polarization; modulating a beam of light through a phase plate or a grating; the multi-mass quantum dynamics is simulated, and especially the non-equilibrium dynamics process is detected through a photoelectric detector; and the rubidium bubble can be replaced by the cesium bubble, so that the electromagnetically induced transparency phenomenon is easier to realize. A phase plate or a grating is designed in an experimental device to split a beam of light into multiple beams of light, and the multi-mass quantum simulator based on Rydberg electromagnetically induced transparency can be realized by utilizing an interaction mechanism among Rydberg light beams and electrostatic equilibrium interaction caused by Rydberg state polarization.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] Embodiments of the present application relate to the field of quantum simulation, and in particular to a principle, device and data processing method for multi-body quantum simulation based on Rydberg electromagnetically induced transparency. BACKGROUND

[0002] Quantum many-body dynamics studies the evolution behavior of strongly correlated quantum systems, which is important in revealing the basic properties of matter, such as quantum phase transition mechanisms of high-temperature superconductivity and spin liquid; promoting the development of quantum technology, such as optimizing quantum simulation and error correction schemes; and solving non-equilibrium state scientific problems, such as verifying the scaling law of entanglement fluctuations and self-organized critical behavior. Simulating quantum many-body dynamics through quantum simulators not only deepens the understanding of core phenomena such as quantum entanglement and coherence, but also provides a theoretical basis for quantum computing and new material design applications. Interdisciplinary integration further expands its potential in the fields of energy and information science.

[0003] Currently, quantum simulators for constructing quantum many-body dynamics are mainly through cold atom optical lattice systems, single atom arrays, and hot atom Rydberg ensembles. Cold atom optical lattice systems and single atom systems can achieve relatively strict model correspondence, however, they are large and expensive, which is not conducive to popularization based on teaching purposes. The Rydberg ensemble based on hot atoms has lower experimental costs, but it is currently mainly used to study the dynamics within a single group, making it difficult to apply to the study of lattice model dynamics. SUMMARY

[0004] One purpose of embodiments of the present application is to provide a method, device and data processing for multi-body quantum simulation based on Rydberg electromagnetically induced transparency, to realize a multi-body quantum simulator based on Rydberg electromagnetically induced transparency, and to reduce the cost of experimental devices in this field, facilitating popularization to undergraduate teaching.

[0005] To solve the above technical problems, the technical solutions of the present application are as follows: In a first aspect, a method for multi-body quantum simulation based on Rydberg electromagnetically induced transparency is provided, the method comprising: Step S1: preparing an alkali metal atom gas cell ensemble, applying a control laser field to the atom ensemble to induce the formation of an electromagnetically induced transparency window; Step S2: modulating a light beam through a phase plate or a grating according to the electromagnetically induced transparency window to obtain a modulated probe light beam; Step S3: collinearly acting the modulated probe light beam and the control laser field on the atom ensemble to realize the interaction of Rydberg atoms through the state polarization effect between Rydberg atoms; Step S4: using a photodetector to collect a transmitted probe light signal to detect a non-equilibrium dynamic process and simulate multi-body quantum dynamics to realize multi-body quantum simulation. Step S5: Replace the rubidium atoms in the alkali metal atomic cell ensemble with cesium atoms by optimizing the many-body quantum simulation process to obtain an optimized many-body quantum simulation.

[0006] Further, in step S2, a beam of light is modulated by a phase plate or grating, including: After the probe light beam is output from the optical fiber, it is first modulated by a precise frequency sweep modulator, and the laser frequency is scanned by dynamically adjusting the radio frequency drive frequency. Wherein, the modulated light is guided to a customized phase plate or diffraction grating, such as a Dammann grating, thereby efficiently converting a single beam of light into a uniformly distributed one-dimensional multi-spot array, such as four beams of light. This process not only breaks through the spatial limitations of single atomic clusters, but also forms discrete atomic clusters in the atomic cell by precisely controlling the spacing between the spots, directly supporting the core requirements of many-body quantum simulation.

[0007] Further, in step S3, the modulated probe light beam is collinearly applied to the atomic ensemble with the control laser field, and the interaction between the Rydberg atoms is realized through the state polarization effect between the Rydberg atoms, wherein the interaction is a polarization-induced electrostatic equilibrium interaction between multiple Rydberg atomic clusters.

[0008] Further, in step S4, an optical detector is used to collect the transmitted probe light signal to detect the non-equilibrium dynamic process and simulate many-body quantum dynamics to realize many-body quantum simulation, including: A probe light beam is transmitted into the atomic cell through a dichroic plate; Wherein, by precisely adjusting the spot diameter of the coupling light in the laser field, it needs to be larger than the total range of the multi-spot array of the split probe light, to ensure that it completely covers all probe light clusters in the atomic cell; and this full spot coverage strategy exposes each discrete atomic cluster to a uniform coupling field, triggering a synchronous electromagnetic induced transparency phenomenon; Wherein, the probe light power is actively increased, and the interatomic electrostatic dipole interaction is simultaneously enhanced, and when the interaction strength breaks through the critical point, it transitions from an equilibrium state to a non-equilibrium state, exhibiting a population mutation, realizing nonlinear transition of atomic energy level occupancy; The probe light is selectively emitted through a dichroic plate, and then expanded and aberration-corrected by a customized amplification lens group, to enlarge the multi-beam spacing to a resolvable scale. Finally, the emitted light is focused onto a photodetector, and the output signal is connected to an oscilloscope to capture the non-equilibrium dynamic evolution in real time.

[0009] Further, in step S5, the rubidium atoms in the alkali metal atomic cell ensemble are replaced with cesium atoms by optimizing the many-body quantum simulation process to obtain an optimized many-body quantum simulation, wherein for a rubidium atomic cell, the classical wavelength of the probe light is 780 nm and the coupling light is 480 nm.

[0010] In a second aspect, a multi-body quantum simulator based on Rydberg electromagnetically induced transparency comprises: An optical modulation unit is configured to prepare an ensemble of alkali metal atom cells, apply a control laser field to the ensemble of atoms, and induce an electromagnetically induced transparency window; and a phase plate or a grating is used to modulate a light beam based on the electromagnetically induced transparency window to obtain a modulated probe light beam. An interaction modulation unit is configured to apply the modulated probe light beam to the ensemble of atoms in a collinear manner with the control laser field to achieve interaction between Rydberg atoms through state polarization effect. A quantum dynamics simulation unit is configured to collect a transmitted probe light signal by using a photodetector, detect a non-equilibrium dynamic process, and simulate multi-body quantum dynamics to achieve multi-body quantum simulation. An optimization unit is configured to replace rubidium atoms with cesium atoms in the ensemble of alkali metal atom cells by optimizing the multi-body quantum simulation process to obtain an optimized multi-body quantum simulation.

[0011] In a third aspect, a computing device comprises: A memory connected to a processor, and the processor is configured to execute one or more computer programs stored in the memory, and the processor is configured to implement the method of any one of claims 1-5 when executing the one or more computer programs.

[0012] In a fourth aspect, a computer readable storage medium stores a computer program, and the computer program comprises program instructions, and the program instructions are configured to cause a processor to execute the method of any one of claims 1-5 when the program instructions are executed by the processor.

[0013] In the above-mentioned multi-body quantum simulation method based on Rydberg electromagnetically induced transparency, the interaction mechanism between Rydberg light beams is explored, and the electrostatic equilibrium interaction mechanism caused by Rydberg state polarization is explored. Then, a light beam is modulated by a phase plate or a grating. Then, multi-body quantum dynamics is simulated, and a non-equilibrium dynamic process is detected by a photodetector. Finally, the alkali metal atom cell can be replaced with a cesium cell, and the electromagnetically induced transparency phenomenon is easier to achieve. The present application can achieve a multi-body quantum simulator based on Rydberg electromagnetically induced transparency by designing a phase plate or a grating in an experimental device to split a light beam into multiple light beams, and utilizing the electrostatic equilibrium interaction mechanism caused by Rydberg state polarization between Rydberg light beams. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0014] Figure 1is a schematic diagram of a multi-body quantum simulation method based on Rydberg electromagnetically induced transparency in an embodiment of the present application; Figure 2A is a diagram of interaction mechanism between Rydberg beams in an embodiment of the present application; Figure 2B is a simulation diagram of two-group non-equilibrium phase transition in an embodiment of the present application; Figure 2C is a simulation diagram of derivative value of two-group non-equilibrium phase transition in an embodiment of the present application; Figure 2D is a simulation diagram of three-group non-equilibrium phase transition in an embodiment of the present application; Figure 2E is a simulation diagram of derivative value of three-group non-equilibrium phase transition in an embodiment of the present application; Figure 2F is a simulation diagram of four-group non-equilibrium phase transition in an embodiment of the present application; Figure 2G is a simulation diagram of derivative value of four-group non-equilibrium phase transition in an embodiment of the present application; Figure 2H is a schematic diagram of an experimental device of a multi-body quantum simulator based on Rydberg electromagnetically induced transparency in an embodiment of the present application; Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of a multi-body quantum simulation structure based on Rydberg electromagnetically induced transparency in an embodiment of the present application; Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of a computer device in an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0015] In order to make the purpose, technical scheme and advantages of the present application clearer, the present application is further described in detail below with reference to the drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present application and not used to limit the present application. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor are within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0016] It should be noted that the various features in the embodiments of the present application can be combined with each other without conflict, and are within the protection scope of the present application. In addition, although the functional modules are divided in the device schematic diagram, and the logical order is shown in the flowchart, in some cases, the steps shown or described can be executed in a different order from the module division in the device or the order in the flowchart. Furthermore, the "first", "second", "third" and the like used in the present application do not limit the data and execution order, and only distinguish the same items or similar items with basically the same function and effect.

[0017] The application will be described in detail below through specific embodiments.

[0018] The technical solution of the present application can be applied to the field of many-body quantum simulation.

[0019] Quantum many-body dynamics studies the non-equilibrium evolution behavior of strongly correlated quantum systems, which has the core significance of revealing the basic properties of matter, promoting the development of quantum technology, and solving non-equilibrium state scientific problems. At the basic theoretical level, this field reveals the universal behavior of non-equilibrium dynamics through the random interaction spin model, such as the diamond core spin system; at the same time, the intrinsic operator thermalization theorem unifies the theoretical framework of quantum many-body dynamics, analyzes the long-time evolution behavior of chaotic systems, and is applied to frontier problems such as quantum scars and time crystals; in terms of technical application, quantum many-body dynamics is the core content of quantum simulation, for example, through super-cooled atomic optical lattice to simulate the Hubbard model, to optimize quantum algorithms and verify error correction schemes; in addition, the discovery of non-equilibrium entanglement fluctuation scaling law and self-organized critical behavior provides a microscopic explanation for the phase transition mechanism of strongly correlated materials such as high-temperature superconductors and spin liquids. This research also deeply integrates machine learning and quantum computing, such as tensor network optimization, and promotes breakthroughs in quantum material design and new energy technologies. In the future, interdisciplinary cooperation and advances in experimental technology will continue to expand its application boundaries in the fields of condensed matter physics and quantum information.

[0020] Mainly focus on hot atom Rydberg electromagnetically induced systems. There have been some related researches before, but most of them are focused on the interaction within a single beam of light. Studies have shown that the phase transition between low and high Rydberg occupation states is caused by the resonant dipole-dipole interaction between Rydberg atoms. When the number density of Rydberg atoms is low, it is believed that there is no interatomic interaction (NI phase), and when the number density of Rydberg atoms is high, the strong interatomic interaction promotes excitation (I phase), thus triggering the phase transition of such non-equilibrium dynamics. Based on the single group interaction system of Rydberg electromagnetically induced transparency, the non-equilibrium phenomenon of inducing phase transition is used to enhance the interaction effect. There have been some research applications, such as exploring the early warning signals of critical points in complex systems through strong interaction Rydberg atomic systems, aiming to solve the problem of unpredictable critical points in complex systems, marking a major breakthrough in the cross-research of quantum simulation and nonlinear science; using the critical behavior of strong interaction Rydberg atomic systems to improve the sensitivity of precision measurement, and through the extreme sensitivity of non-equilibrium phase transition critical point to perturbation, realizing the ultra-high precision detection of microwave electric field, providing a new paradigm for quantum metrology, marking a major breakthrough of strongly correlated systems in the field of precision measurement. However, these achievements are limited by the upper limit of the strength of the interaction between single groups, and there is currently no related research on the quantum simulation of many-body interactions.

[0021] If the interaction of single group is extended to the interaction between multi-body, there are mainly two technical difficulties, firstly, the existing interaction theory model needs to be extended, the interaction mechanism needs to be confirmed, and the interaction effect between light and light needs to be embodied, that is, the interaction model needs to be reconstructed, the existing single group approximation framework needs to be broken through, the long-range correlation cooperative dynamics equation between light spots needs to be established, and the non-equilibrium collective effect of multi-beam interaction needs to be analyzed; secondly, the challenge in experiment needs to be overcome, and the limitation of the traditional Rydberg EIT system needs to be overcome. In the standard double-beam pair scheme, that is, the probe light and the coupling light are reversely propagated in the rubidium bubble. The conventional optical beam splitting element, such as the polarization beam splitter PBS, is difficult to realize the high-precision programmable modulation of the multi-spot array. The essential contradiction is that the power loss limits the non-equilibrium phase transition excitation. If the PBS splitting is relied on, the coupling light energy will be sharply attenuated with the increase of the number of light spots, and the intensity threshold required for inducing the simultaneous phase transition of multiple groups cannot be met.

[0022] In the face of the challenges of the existing technology, the future research direction can focus on the following aspects: first, continue to explore new physical models, innovate and expand the multi-body interaction theory framework, expand the existing single group theory scheme, confirm the multi-body interaction mechanism, and calculate the non-equilibrium phase transition theory of multi-body interaction; second, the unified theory of cross-scale dynamics, apply the intrinsic operator thermalization theorem and other problems to the Rydberg multi-body system, analyze the quantum scar state and the behavior of the space-time crystal in the light array, combine machine learning, such as tensor network optimization, to predict the evolution path of the strong correlation system, and solve the calculation complexity problem in the high-dimensional parameter space; third, develop more accurate experimental techniques, and develop high-precision multi-body quantum simulator. Select appropriate experimental equipment and materials to study physical non-equilibrium quantum simulation, realize the construction of two-dimensional light spot topological structure in the Rydberg atomic multi-body system, such as honeycomb, Kagome lattice and the like, and simulate more complex multi-body model; three is to consider using other atomic cells, such as cesium bubbles, or extending the two-dimensional light array to further enhance the interaction, and providing new possibilities for other complex calculation problems.

[0023] In order to better explore the multi-body interaction quantum simulation, the effective improvement of the interaction is realized, new possibilities are provided for other complex calculation problems, and meanwhile, the Rydberg ensemble experiment of hot atoms has low experimental cost, which is beneficial to popularization in undergraduate teaching. The application provides a multi-body quantum simulator based on Rydberg electromagnetically induced transparency.

[0024] Therefore, the application provides a multi-body quantum simulation method based on Rydberg electromagnetically induced transparency to solve the above problems. The following will be specifically introduced.

[0025] Please refer to Figure 1 , Figure 1A flowchart of a multi-body quantum simulator based on Rydberg electromagnetically induced transparency is provided, and the method comprises the following steps: The modulated probe light beam and the control laser field are collinearly applied to the atomic ensemble, and the state polarization effect between the Rydberg atoms is used to realize the interaction between the Rydberg atoms, and the interaction between the Rydberg atoms is specifically the interaction mechanism between the Rydberg beams, and the electrostatic balance interaction caused by the Rydberg state polarization, and specifically includes: The Rydberg atom is a special atomic state in which one or more electrons are excited to a very high energy level. In this high excitation state, the electron is far away from the nucleus, so it has a larger electric dipole moment and a stronger charge interaction force than the ground state atom or the low excitation state atom, so that the interaction distance of the Rydberg atom on the microscale is much larger than that of the ordinary atom, so they can be in a larger distance and can be in a larger distance.

[0026] Specifically, the ground state of the Rydberg atom is and , and the high excitation state, i.e. the Rydberg state, is , and the discussion is about the Rydberg state of the rubidium atom in the conventional Rydberg experiment; Among them, a two-level atomic model is considered, as shown in Figure 2A The ground state and the Rydberg state . The energy level is coupled by laser with Rabi frequency and detuning . Using the standard semi-classical analysis, the evolution of the system can be described by the Lindblad master equation of the single-particle density matrix. In order to include the dipole-dipole interaction between atoms in the state, the classical approximation of multi-body quantum dynamics is used, and on a longer time scale or in a steady state, the interaction between the Rydberg atoms causes the average field shift.

[0027] In this limit, the laser detuning can be expressed as , where V is the dipole-dipole interaction term, is the population of the Rydberg state. The interaction term V corresponds to the sum of the dipole-dipole interaction within the excited volume.

[0028] Specifically, existing research has calculated the solution of the population of a single group of two-levels as follows: By simulation, it can be seen that the line type of electromagnetically induced transparency becomes asymmetric, there is an instantaneous vertical rising mutation, which indicates that the atomic number density increases to the critical value at this time, and a non-equilibrium phase transition phenomenon occurs.

[0029] For the multi-body interacting Rydberg atom system, the two-level Hamiltonian is first written as Thus the populations of two groups can be calculated, and the interaction term is introduced. The coupled nonlinear equations of two-level populations of two groups can be written as: , .

[0030] where the populations of two groups are and , respectively, and represents the interaction of the second group to the first group, represents the interaction of the first group to the second group.

[0031] As shown in Figure 2B , it is the simulation diagram of the non-equilibrium phase transition of two groups. The blue curve is set as , and the two equations are decoupled, indicating that the two-group system is independent, and the system is equivalent to two independent systems. Therefore, the induction of the phase transition is only induced by the interaction within the single group, and the absolute value of the critical point is small, indicating that a stronger external disturbance is required to excite the phase transition. The red curve is set as , indicating that there is an attractive interaction between the two groups, and the critical point moves to the left, indicating that the coupling reduces the energy required for the phase transition, making it easier to excite the high-amplitude state. The synergistic effect is enhanced, and the attractive interaction between the modes strengthens the energy aggregation, resulting in a higher peak value of the high-amplitude state, and the phase transition is more steep, as shown in Figure 2B , the peak value of the red dashed line in the derivative diagram is higher. The position of the derivative peak indicates the position of the critical point, and the peak width reflects the speed of the phase transition.

[0032] As shown in Figure 2C and 2D , 2E and 2F are the simulation results of the non-equilibrium phase transition of three groups and four groups, respectively. As shown by the simulation results, when the number of light increases, the interaction will further increase.

[0033] It can be seen that the method can realize a two-level non-equilibrium interaction simulator.

[0034] In step S2, according to the electromagnetic induced transparency window, a light beam is modulated through a phase plate or a grating to obtain a modulated probe light beam, which specifically includes: As shown in Figure 2H , first, a probe light beam is swept through an AOM.

[0035] Wherein, AOM (Acousto-Optic Modulator, Acousto-Optic Modulator) is an optical device that uses the acousto-optic effect (interaction between sound and light) to realize the fast modulation of the intensity, frequency, direction or phase of laser. Using AOM, frequency sweeping operation can be performed by changing the input frequency.

[0036] Light passing through the AOM, then through a custom phase plate or grating, which can split a beam of light into multiple beams.

[0037] Wherein the phase plate or grating is an element that splits incident light into multiple beams based on periodic or non-periodic spatial phase modulation. Changes in phase cause diffraction of light during propagation, forming multiple beams.

[0038] As a Daman grating, a phase plate that can efficiently and uniformly split a beam of light into a regular array of light beams. By designing the shape of the light array, a suitable grating can be customized to achieve the light splitting effect.

[0039] Specifically, considering the interaction between the four light beams, a beam of probe light can be split into four beams by customizing the grating phase plate.

[0040] In the experimental design, the coupling light is guided by a mirror to a dichroic mirror, and by precisely adjusting the spot diameter, it completely covers the four-beam probe light in the center of the rubidium bubble after splitting. This full spot coverage strategy ensures that each atomic cloud is exposed to a sufficient excitation state coupling field. When the Rabi intensity of the light exceeds the critical threshold, the four atomic clouds simultaneously enter the electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) state, and the probe light absorption rate decreases significantly to form a transparent window. More importantly, under strong coupling conditions, the electrostatic interaction between Rydberg state atoms allows the many-body system to break through the constraints of the equilibrium state, ultimately inducing a four-beam light coordinated non-equilibrium phase transition phenomenon, characterized by atomic population mutation, nonlinear transition of optical response, and other typical dynamic characteristics.

[0041] Wherein the dichroic mirror, also known as a dichroic mirror, is also known as a dichroic beam splitter, is an important optical element with wide application in the field of optics. Its unique property is that it can have significantly different reflection or transmission characteristics at two different wavelengths. In one possible example, a dichroic mirror with a suitable wavelength is selected so that the light transmitted through the dichroic mirror continues to propagate forward, but cannot pass through.

[0042] In step S4, a photodetector is used to collect the transmitted probe light signal to detect the non-equilibrium dynamic process and simulate many-body quantum dynamics to achieve many-body quantum simulation. The simulation observation process of the non-equilibrium dynamic process by the photodetector is as follows: In the design of optical detection system, in order to realize the separation and detection of multi-beam signals, first, a high-precision magnifying lens group is introduced to spatially magnify the detection light emitted by the double-color film, so as to ensure that four or more spots are effectively separated and independently focused on a photodetector (PDA), and a non-equilibrium dynamic signal is captured in real time by an oscilloscope; in order to optimize resource utilization, a slit and a translation stage are integrated at the front end of the PDA: the diameter of the single spot after beam splitting is accurately calibrated by BeamProfilers, a custom-made slit with a slit width smaller than the diameter is designed, and the target beam is accurately aligned with the slit channel by moving the translation stage, so that all beam signals can be sequentially collected by a single PDA, which significantly reduces the system cost and space occupation while ensuring detection accuracy.

[0043] BeamProfilers is a kind of beam profiler, which is a diagnostic device for laser beam characterization. It can measure the entire optical intensity distribution of the laser beam, i.e. not only the beam radius, but also the detailed shape.

[0044] For the Rydberg atom electromagnetically induced transparency experiment, a common rubidium atom cell can use 780 nm detection light and 480 nm coupling light.

[0045] In step S5, the rubidium atoms in the alkali metal atom cell ensemble are replaced with cesium atoms by optimizing the many-body quantum simulation process to obtain an optimized many-body quantum simulation; the rubidium bubble in the atom cell can be replaced with a cesium bubble, and the electromagnetically induced transparency phenomenon is more easily achieved, and the specific process is as follows: In the cesium atom system, the natural lifetime of the 852 nm D2 line excited state is significantly longer than that of the rubidium 5P state, which significantly improves the quantum coherence time, providing intrinsic advantages for observing narrow linewidth electromagnetically induced transparency windows; at the same time, the key constraint factor in the hot atom vapor environment, i.e. Doppler broadening, is significantly reduced in the cesium system: at the same temperature, such as 50°C, the cesium atom has a larger mass, resulting in a narrower thermal motion velocity distribution. This characteristic not only compresses the spectral background noise, but also reduces collision broadening and energy level disturbance, forming an EIT detection environment with high contrast and low background absorption.

[0046] In the experimental design, the reverse propagation configuration of the detection light and the coupling light in the bubble chamber can partially offset the frequency shift caused by atomic thermal motion, i.e. the Doppler shift effect, which further sharpens the transparent peak in combination with the narrow linewidth characteristic of cesium; in addition, the 852 nm ground state transition wavelength of cesium completely coincides with the frequency doubling window of the C band of fiber communication, and the 510 nm band laser required for coupling to the Rydberg state can be realized using a mature external cavity semiconductor laser. This natural optical compatibility provides an industrial-level adaptation basis for quantum memories and integrated quantum devices.

[0047] Wherein, the Doppler broadening is a key effect in atomic physics, especially in hot atomic vapor experiments, such as Rydberg EIT research, which plays a significant role. The atoms in hot vapor do random thermal motion, which causes the frequency of the light field perceived by the atoms to shift. Therefore, different speed atoms absorb and emit different frequency of light, so that the spectral line width is broadened to Gaussian line type. Therefore, in order to offset the influence of the Doppler effect as much as possible, the two beams of light are designed to propagate in opposite directions in the rubidium bubble.

[0048] It should be noted that in the above various embodiments, there is no certain sequence between the above steps, and those skilled in the art can understand from the description of the embodiments of the present application that the above steps can have different execution sequences in different embodiments, that is, they can be executed in parallel, or they can be exchanged and executed, etc.

[0049] As another aspect of the embodiments of the present application, the embodiments of the present application provide a multi-body quantum simulator based on Rydberg electromagnetically induced transparency. Wherein, the multi-body quantum simulator based on Rydberg electromagnetically induced transparency can be a software module, the software module includes a plurality of instructions stored in a memory, a processor can access the memory, call the instructions for execution, to complete the multi-body quantum simulator based on Rydberg electromagnetically induced transparency described in the above various embodiments.

[0050] Referring to Figure 3 , Figure 3 is a structural schematic diagram of the multi-body quantum simulation device based on Rydberg electromagnetically induced transparency provided by the embodiments of the present application.

[0051] As Figure 3 indicated, the multi-body quantum simulator based on Rydberg electromagnetically induced transparency includes: The optical modulation unit 301 is used for preparing an alkali metal atomic gas chamber system, applying a control laser field to the atomic system, inducing, and forming an electromagnetically induced transparency window; according to the electromagnetically induced transparency window, a light beam is modulated through a phase plate or a grating to obtain a modulated probe light beam; The interaction modulation unit 302 is used for collinearly acting the modulated probe light beam and the control laser field on the atomic system, and realizing the interaction of Rydberg atoms through the state polarization effect between the Rydberg atoms; The quantum dynamics simulation unit 303 is used for collecting the transmitted probe light signal by using a photodetector, detecting the non-equilibrium dynamics process, simulating the multi-body quantum dynamics, and realizing the multi-body quantum simulation; The optimization unit 304 is used for replacing the rubidium atoms of the alkali metal atomic gas chamber system with cesium atoms by optimizing the multi-body quantum simulation process, to obtain the optimized multi-body quantum simulation.

[0052] The application can realize a multi-body quantum simulator based on Rydberg electromagnetically induced transparency by designing a phase plate or a grating in an experimental device to split a light beam into multiple light beams, utilizing the interaction mechanism between Rydberg beams and the electrostatic balance interaction caused by Rydberg state polarization.

[0053] In an embodiment, the operation instruction includes the interaction mechanism between Rydberg beams and the electrostatic balance interaction caused by Rydberg state polarization.

[0054] By utilizing the electrostatic balance interaction induced by Rydberg state polarization, the non-equilibrium evolution observation of a strongly correlated system is finally realized, a controllable experimental platform for revealing quantum phase transition mechanism is provided, and a multi-body quantum simulator based on Rydberg electromagnetically induced transparency is realized, which is convenient for popularization to undergraduate teaching. In an embodiment, after the light beam is modulated by the phase plate or the grating according to the operation instruction, the probe light is output from the optical fiber, and then is first subjected to precise sweep modulation by an acousto-optic modulator (AOM), and the sweep of the laser frequency is realized by dynamically adjusting the radio frequency driving frequency. The modulated light is guided to a customized phase plate or a diffraction grating, such as a Dammann grating, so as to efficiently convert the single light beam into a one-dimensional multi-spot array with uniform distribution, such as four light beams. In an embodiment, in the step of simulating multi-body quantum dynamics and detecting non-equilibrium process according to the operation instruction, the following method can be used: a 480nm coupling light is introduced, is propagated into a rubidium bubble through a double-color plate, and the spot diameter is adjusted to completely cover the 780nm probe light, so as to ensure that each light group can independently generate electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) phenomenon; the light power of the 480nm light is actively increased to improve the atomic number density and the Rydberg state interaction strength, and then non-equilibrium phase transition behavior is induced; subsequently, a double-color plate with a suitable wave band is selected to allow only the 780nm light to be emitted.

[0055] In an embodiment, the rubidium bubble can be replaced by a cesium bubble, and the electromagnetically induced transparency phenomenon is easier to realize.

[0056] The Rydberg EIT-based many-body quantum simulator can also be built by hardware devices. For example, the Rydberg EIT-based many-body quantum simulator can be built by one or more chips, and each chip can work in coordination with each other to complete the Rydberg EIT-based many-body quantum simulator described in the above embodiments. For another example, the Rydberg EIT-based many-body quantum simulator can also be built by various logic devices, such as a general-purpose processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field-programmable gate array (FPGA), a single-chip microcomputer, an ARM (Acorn RISC Machine), or other programmable logic devices, discrete gates or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination of these components.

[0057] It should be noted that the above-mentioned Rydberg EIT-based many-body quantum simulator can perform the Rydberg EIT-based many-body quantum simulation method provided in the embodiments of the present application, and has the corresponding function modules and beneficial effects of performing the method. Technical details not described in detail in the embodiments of the Rydberg EIT-based many-body quantum simulator can be referred to the Rydberg EIT-based many-body quantum simulation method provided in the embodiments of the present application.

[0058] Referring to Figure 4 , Figure 4 is a structural schematic diagram of a computer device provided in an embodiment of the present application. The computer device includes one or more processors 41 and a memory 42. The memory 42 is connected to the one or more processors 41, for example, connected to the processor 41 through a bus.

[0059] The processor 41 is configured to support the computer device to perform the corresponding functions in the methods in the method embodiments described above. The processor 41 can be a central processing unit (CPU), a network processor (NP), a hardware chip, or any combination thereof. The above-mentioned hardware chip can be an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a programmable logic device (PLD), or a combination thereof. The above-mentioned PLD can be a complex programmable logic device (CPLD), a field-programmable gate array (FPGA), a generic array logic (GAL), or any combination thereof.

[0060] The memory 42 is configured to store program codes and the like. The memory 42 can include volatile memory (VM), such as random access memory (RAM), and / or non-volatile memory (NVM), such as read-only memory (ROM), flash memory, hard disk drive (HDD) or solid-state drive (SSD), or a combination thereof.

[0061] The memory 42 can be configured to store non-volatile software programs, non-volatile computer-executable programs and modules, such as program instructions / modules corresponding to the vehicle diagnosis method in the embodiments of the present application. The processor 41 executes the vehicle diagnosis method and various functional applications and data processing of the computer device by running the non-volatile software programs, instructions and modules stored in the memory, i.e., implements the functions of the vehicle diagnosis method provided by the method embodiments and the modules or units of the computer device.

[0062] The memory 42 can include a program storage area and a data storage area, wherein the program storage area can store an operating system and application programs required by at least one function. The data storage area can store data created according to the use of the vehicle diagnosis device, etc. In some embodiments, the memory 42 can optionally include a memory remotely arranged with respect to the processor, and these remote memories can be connected to the vehicle diagnosis device through a network. Examples of the network include but are not limited to the Internet, an intranet, a local area network, a mobile communication network, and a combination thereof.

[0063] The one or more modules are stored in the memory and, when executed by the one or more processors, perform the multi-body quantum simulator based on Rydberg electromagnetically induced transparency in any of the method embodiments described above, e.g., perform the method steps described in the method embodiments above, and implement the functions of the modules described in the device embodiments above.

[0064] The embodiments of the present application also provide a computer readable storage medium, which stores a computer program. The computer program includes program instructions, and the program instructions, when executed by a computer, cause the computer to perform the method described in the foregoing embodiments.

[0065] Those skilled in the art can understand that all or part of the processes in the above-mentioned embodiment methods can be completed by a computer program instructing relevant hardware. The program can be stored in a computer readable storage medium, and when the program is executed, the program can include the processes of the above-mentioned embodiment methods. The storage medium can be a magnetic disc, an optical disc, a read-only memory (ROM), a random access memory (RAM), or the like.

[0066] The above disclosure is only the preferred embodiment of the present application, and of course cannot limit the scope of the right of the present application, so the equivalent changes made according to the claims of the present application still belong to the scope covered by the present application.

Claims

1. A method for many-body quantum simulation based on Rydberg electromagnetically induced transparency, characterized in that, The method includes: Step S1: Prepare an alkali metal atom gas cell ensemble, apply a controlled laser field to the atom ensemble, and induce the formation of an electromagnetically induced transparent window; Step S2: Based on the electromagnetically induced transparent window, a beam of light is modulated by a phase plate or grating to obtain a modulated detection beam; Step S3: The modulated probe beam and the control laser field are collinearly applied to the atomic ensemble, and the interaction of Rydberg atoms is achieved through the state polarization effect between Rydberg atoms; Step S4: Use a photodetector to collect transmitted detection light signals, detect non-equilibrium dynamic processes, simulate many-body quantum dynamics, and realize many-body quantum simulation; Step S5: By optimizing the many-body quantum simulation process, the rubidium atoms in the alkali metal atom gas cell ensemble are replaced with cesium atoms to obtain the optimized many-body quantum simulation.

2. The method for many-body quantum simulation based on Rydberg electromagnetically induced transparency according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S2, a beam of light is modulated by a phase plate or grating, including: After a beam of probe light is output from the optical fiber, it first undergoes precise frequency sweep modulation through an acousto-optic modulator, and the laser frequency is scanned by dynamically adjusting the radio frequency drive frequency. In this process, the modulated light is guided to a custom phase plate or diffraction grating, such as a Dammann grating, thereby efficiently converting a single beam of light into a uniformly distributed one-dimensional multi-spot array, such as four beams of light. This process not only breaks through the spatial limitation of a single atom cluster, but also forms discrete atomic clusters in the atomic gas chamber through precise control of the spot spacing, directly supporting the core requirements of many-body quantum simulation.

3. The method for many-body quantum simulation based on Rydberg electromagnetically induced transparency according to claim 2, characterized in that, In step S3, the modulated probe beam and the control laser field are collinearly applied to the atomic ensemble. Through the state polarization effect between Rydberg atoms, the interaction between Rydberg atoms is realized. The interaction is a polarization-induced electrostatic equilibrium interaction between multiple groups of Rydberg atoms.

4. The method for many-body quantum simulation based on Rydberg electromagnetically induced transparency according to claim 3, characterized in that, In step S4, a photodetector is used to collect transmitted detection light signals, detect non-equilibrium dynamic processes, and simulate many-body quantum dynamics to achieve many-body quantum simulation, including: A beam of probe light is propagated in reverse through a two-color filter into the atomic gas cell; Specifically, by precisely adjusting the spot diameter of the coupling light in the laser field, it is necessary to ensure that it is larger than the total range of the multi-spot array of the probe light after beam splitting, so as to ensure that it completely covers all the probe clusters in the atomic gas chamber; and this full spot coverage strategy exposes each discrete atomic cluster to a uniform coupling field, triggering a synchronous electromagnetically induced transparency phenomenon. Among them, actively increasing the detection light power and simultaneously enhancing the electrostatic dipole interaction between atoms, when the interaction strength exceeds the critical point, it jumps from the equilibrium state to the non-equilibrium state, which manifests as a population mutation and realizes the nonlinear transition of atomic energy level occupancy rate. The probe light is selectively emitted through a two-color filter, and then spatially expanded and aberration corrected by a custom magnifying lens group to magnify the spacing between the multiple beams to a resolvable scale. Finally, the emitted light is focused onto a photodetector, and its output signal is connected to an oscilloscope to capture the non-equilibrium dynamic evolution in real time.

5. The method for many-body quantum simulation based on Rydberg electromagnetically induced transparency according to claim 4, characterized in that, In step S5, by optimizing the many-body quantum simulation process, the rubidium atoms in the alkali metal atom gas cell ensemble are replaced with cesium atoms to obtain the optimized many-body quantum simulation. For the rubidium atom gas cell, the classical wavelengths are 780 nm for the probe light and 480 nm for the coupling light.

6. A many-body quantum simulation device based on Rydberg electromagnetically induced transparency, characterized in that, include: An optical modulation unit is used to prepare an alkali metal atom gas cell ensemble. A control laser field is applied to the atom ensemble to induce the formation of an electromagnetically induced transparent window. Based on the electromagnetically induced transparent window, a beam of light is modulated through a phase plate or grating to obtain a modulated probe beam. An interaction modulation unit is used to collinearly apply the modulated probe beam and the control laser field to the atomic ensemble, thereby realizing the interaction between Rydberg atoms through the state polarization effect between Rydberg atoms. The quantum dynamics simulation unit is used to collect transmitted light signals using a photodetector, detect non-equilibrium dynamic processes, and simulate many-body quantum dynamics to achieve many-body quantum simulation. The optimization unit is used to replace rubidium atoms with cesium atoms in the alkali metal atom gas cell ensemble by optimizing the many-body quantum simulation process, so as to obtain an optimized many-body quantum simulation.

7. A computer device, characterized in that, The device includes a memory and a processor, the memory being connected to the processor, the processor being configured to execute one or more computer programs stored in the memory, the processor causing the computer device to perform the method as described in any one of claims 1-5 when executing the one or more computer programs.

8. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, The computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program, the computer program including program instructions that, when executed by a processor, cause the processor to perform the method as described in any one of claims 1-5.

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