Soil-burying-free overwintering cold-proof and draining-proof method for grapes

Abstract

The invention discloses a soil-burying-free overwintering, cold-proof and draining-proof method for grapes, and belongs to the technical field of grape cultivation, and the method specifically comprises the following steps: in an overwintering period, performing water bag covering on an area near the rhizome part of a grape plant; the water bag is a flexible water bag; the time when the wintering period starts is the time when the soil is frozen or the air temperature drops to zero DEG C every year; the water bag is made of a black polyethylene material, the thickness of the water bag is 0.12-0.25 mm, the width of the water bag is 2m, and the length of the water bag is 8 + / -2m; partitions are arranged on the water bag every 30-40 cm in the length direction. On the basis of sufficient research on cold resistance of different organs of grapes and practical test of classified protection, the novel water bag covering cold-proof method is provided, grape root systems and branches can be effectively protected against freeze injury, water vapor in air is condensed when the temperature is reduced at night through heat storage of the water bags, and the cold resistance of the grapes is improved. The moisture of branches and root systems in the coverage area is kept to prevent the branches from sprouting.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of grape cultivation technology, specifically relating to a method for preventing grapes from being buried in soil during winter for protection against cold and drying out. Background Technology

[0002] In my country's northern grape-producing regions, winter frost damage is a key ecological factor affecting sustainable grape production. In areas where the absolute minimum temperature drops below -15℃, the traditional method to prevent frost damage to grapevines is to remove them from the vines and bury them in soil for winter protection. While this method is effective in ensuring the safe overwintering of grapevines, it is cumbersome, requiring annual removal, burying, and re-trellising. The cost of this method can account for 1 / 4 to 1 / 3 of the entire vineyard's annual production cost. Furthermore, burying grapevines for winter protection is not only troublesome but also prone to causing mechanical damage to the vines, especially the branches and trunks, leading to soil-borne diseases such as crown gall and vine blight, resulting in weakened vines and shortened lifespans. Additionally, the annual soil extraction can exacerbate environmental pollution due to wind erosion and sandstorms. Therefore, the traditional method of burying grapevines for winter protection is increasingly inadequate for the needs of the modern grape industry. Large-scale mechanized production urgently requires the development of new, soil-free winter protection technologies.

[0003] To achieve soil-free frost protection, those skilled in the art have also made some explorations. For example, Chinese patent CN110073890A utilizes delayed pruning to reduce the impact of late frost on soil-free grapes, especially a late frost control method applicable to soil-free wine grape varieties Beihong and Beimei. For mature trees over three years old that overwinter in the open field, winter pruning is carried out after spring budding and before the buds at the base of the fruiting branches sprout; (2) at the same time, water is irrigated on the ground after thawing, and straw or firewood is used to cover the ground to delay the rise of ground temperature, thereby further delaying the budding time; (3) before pruning, it is confirmed that sap flow has ended, and watering is avoided during pruning; (4) 2-3 buds are left on the fruiting branches for pruning; (5) after pruning, fertilizer is applied before flowering. After adopting the method of the present invention, the budding period of this variety can be delayed by 1-2 weeks in the northern soil-free frost protection area by timely late pruning, effectively avoiding the severe cold wave impact in the early stage.

[0004] Chinese patent CN 102119644A discloses a cultivation model for winter protection of grapes without burying them in soil, along with supporting shaping and pruning. This model employs trench planting with fixed row spacing. The grapevines are trained into a low-trunk, single-arm or double-arm horizontal shape, with a trunk height of 40-50 cm. The horizontal vines are fixed to the first wire of the trellis 40-50 cm from the bottom of the trench. A "V"-shaped trellis is used, with the first wire placed 40-50 cm apart, and the entire trellis is 2 meters high with a total of 4 wires. New shoots grow obliquely upwards along the "V"-shaped trellis, naturally drooping after reaching the top, thus eliminating the need for burying the grapes in soil. After winter pruning, a 5-10 cm thick layer of straw mat or other similar frost-proof material is placed over the horizontal main vines. In snowy areas of northern Xinjiang, a layer of waterproof and insulating plastic material can be added over the straw mat to ensure the grapes safely overwinter. This method solves the problem of grape overwintering, simplifies pruning methods, and results in stable grape yield and quality, leading to high overall benefits and making it suitable for widespread application.

[0005] Unlike the Xinjiang production area, the Ningxia production area has little snow in winter, and simply covering the soil is not enough to meet the needs of safe overwintering. Therefore, the above methods lack universal applicability or require improvements to the overall facilities, which further increases costs. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To address the aforementioned problems, this invention provides a method for wintering grapes without burying them in soil, preventing frost damage and drying out. This method ensures the safe overwintering of grapes, prevents frost damage and drying out, is environmentally friendly, and is adaptable to large-scale mechanized operations.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides a method for preventing grapes from drying out during winter without burying them in soil. During the wintering period, water bags are used to cover the area near the rootstock of the grape plant; the water bags are flexible.

[0008] The method of this invention only requires removing the grapevines from the trellis and covering them with water bags, avoiding the tediousness of burying them in soil and the soil degradation caused by soil burying. Water has a high specific heat capacity and high efficiency in absorbing and releasing heat. During the day, it can effectively absorb solar heat, and then at night when the temperature is lower, it slowly releases the stored heat into the grapevines and soil, thus preventing the temperature from dropping too low and achieving a frost protection effect. At the same time, the water bags store heat and condense water vapor in the air when the temperature drops at night, which can maintain the moisture of the branches and roots in the covered area and prevent the branches from dying back.

[0009] As a further improvement of the present invention, the overwintering period begins when the soil freezes or the temperature drops to zero degrees Celsius each year.

[0010] As a further improvement of the present invention, the water bag is made of black polyethylene material, with a thickness of 0.12-0.25 mm, a width of 2 m, and a length of 8 ± 2 m.

[0011] As a further improvement of the present invention, the water bag is divided into sections every 30 to 40 cm along its length. Since the branches and vines are at different heights on the ground after being removed from the trellis, and water will flow from higher to lower places due to gravity, the water volume in higher places will be reduced, which may lead to insufficient heat preservation effect. Therefore, it is preferable to divide the water bag into sections every 30 to 40 cm along its length.

[0012] As a further improvement of the present invention, the coverage area of ​​the water bag includes a range of 0.8 to 1m on both sides of the main trunk. After the water bag is laid out, water is poured in, and the amount of water poured in is 90% of the capacity of the water bag.

[0013] As a further improvement of the present invention, after the water bag is fixed, the step of covering the water bag with heat-insulating material is also included.

[0014] As a further improvement of the present invention, the insulation material is selected from straw mats or felt.

[0015] As a further improvement of the present invention, the water bag is further included in the step of fixing after it is laid out.

[0016] As a further improvement of the present invention, the water bag is fixed by pressing soil.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and technical effects: Based on thorough research into the cold resistance of different grape organs and practical verification through classification and protection, this invention proposes a novel method of frost protection using water-filled bags. This method not only effectively protects grape roots and branches from frost damage but also utilizes the heat stored in the water bags to condense moisture in the air when temperatures drop at night, thus maintaining moisture in the covered area and preventing branch dieback. This provides a theoretical basis for frost protection without soil burial, enabling grapes to safely overwinter without being buried in soil.

[0018] This invention is easy to operate, eliminating the need for burying and unburying grapes, thus avoiding damage to branches caused by mechanical burying, reducing the occurrence of soil-borne diseases, and preventing soil particles from being dispersed and exacerbating sandstorms. Moreover, it has low labor costs and significant effects on keeping the root zone warm and moist. It can keep the roots and branches warm and prevent frost damage in winter, keep the branches moist and prevent them from drying out in spring, and the water in the water bag can be used to irrigate the grapes in situ in spring. It achieves three benefits in one, making it ecological and environmentally friendly. Detailed Implementation

[0019] Various exemplary embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail. This detailed description should not be considered as a limitation of the present invention, but rather as a more detailed description of certain aspects, features, and embodiments of the present invention.

[0020] It should be understood that the terminology used in this invention is merely for describing particular embodiments and is not intended to limit the invention. Furthermore, with respect to numerical ranges in this invention, it should be understood that each intermediate value between the upper and lower limits of the range is also specifically disclosed. Every smaller range between any stated value or intermediate value within a stated range, and any other stated value or intermediate value within said range, is also included in this invention. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges may be independently included or excluded from the range.

[0021] Unless otherwise stated, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art. While only preferred methods and materials have been described herein, any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein may be used in the implementation or testing of this invention. All references to this specification are incorporated by way of citation to disclose and describe methods and / or materials associated with those references. In the event of any conflict with any incorporated reference, the content of this specification shall prevail.

[0022] Various modifications and variations can be made to the specific embodiments described in this specification without departing from the scope or spirit of the invention, as will be apparent to those skilled in the art. Other embodiments derived from this specification will also be apparent to those skilled in the art. This specification and embodiments are merely exemplary.

[0023] The terms “include,” “including,” “have,” “contain,” etc., used in this article are all open-ended terms, meaning that they include but are not limited to.

[0024] This invention provides a method for winter protection and drought prevention of grapevines without burying them in soil. During the wintering period, water bags are used to cover the area near the rootstock of the grapevines. The water bags are flexible. The water bags can contain water or water containing dissolved fertilizer, such as urea or potassium dihydrogen phosphate, with a urea concentration of 0.3% and a potassium dihydrogen phosphate concentration of 0.1%. Urea and potassium dihydrogen phosphate have lower freezing points than pure water when dissolved in water, which delays freezing. Furthermore, the movement of particles in the solution absorbs heat, resulting in higher heat absorption during the day and higher heat dissipation at night than pure water, thus providing heat to the grapevines and further improving the insulation effect. Since transparent ice is dense and affects the insulation effect, corn starch can be added to the water bags to increase the insulation of the air pockets.

[0025] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the overwintering period begins when the soil freezes or the temperature drops to zero degrees Celsius each year.

[0026] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the water bag is made of black polyethylene, with a thickness of 0.12–0.25 mm, a width of 2 m, and a length of 8 ± 2 m (the spacing between vineyard pillars + 2 m). The black polyethylene material of the water bag has good heat absorption properties, allowing it to store absorbed heat in the water, thereby improving the heat preservation effect on the grapevines.

[0027] In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the water bag is divided into sections every 30-40 cm along its length. These sections prevent water from pooling in lower areas due to varying branch heights, ensuring a water layer protects the area covered by the tree. It is important to ensure that water inlet and outlet channels are maintained at the sections to guarantee smooth irrigation and drainage.

[0028] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the coverage area of ​​the water bag includes a range of 0.8 to 1 m on both sides of the main trunk. After the water bag is laid out, water is poured in, and the amount of water poured in is 90% of the capacity of the water bag.

[0029] In a preferred embodiment of the invention, after the water bag is fixed, the process further includes covering the water bag with insulating material. Covering it with insulating material is to better store the heat absorbed by the water bag, thereby further improving the insulation effect.

[0030] In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the insulation material is selected from straw mats or felt. These materials have good insulation properties, are lightweight, and do not have an adverse effect on grapevines.

[0031] In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the water bags are further secured after being laid out. After being filled with water, the water bags are prone to shifting due to tension and thermal expansion and contraction. If not secured, this can easily cause mechanical damage to the grapevines and reduce the insulation effect.

[0032] As a further improvement of the present invention, the water bag is fixed by means of wire or ground nails.

[0033] Example 1 In late November 2024, when temperatures dropped below 0°C, water bags were used to cover the grapevines in the Liaoning vineyards for frost protection. The grape variety was Kyoho, and the specific procedures were as follows: To protect the root system from the cold, cover the grapevines with water bags as follows: Remove the vines from the trellis and cover them with plastic bags made of black polyethylene. The plastic film of the water bags should be 0.15mm thick, 2m wide, and 10m long. Place a section of the water bag every 30-40cm, covering an area of ​​0.8-1m on each side of the main trunk to protect the temperature of the main root distribution area. After laying the water bags, secure them with ground nails to prevent displacement after watering. Once secured, begin watering, maintaining a water volume of 90% of the water bag's capacity. After watering, cover the water bags with straw mats for insulation.

[0034] Comparison: Traditional burial for cold protection.

[0035] Blank group: No treatment is applied to the plants or the ground.

[0036] The lowest winter temperature in Liaoning is usually between -17 and -21 ℃.

[0037] During the winter, the temperature of the soil layer 10cm deep in the control group was -0.22℃, while that in the control group was 1.98℃. The temperature of the soil layer 10cm deep in the water-bag covering treatment was 1.64℃, comparable to the temperature of the soil-burying treatment, significantly increasing the minimum temperature of the soil layer 10cm deep and maintaining it above zero degrees Celsius, effectively preventing root frost damage. After the soil thawed in spring, the water from the water bags was released directly into the soil to irrigate the grapevines. Statistics showed that the germination rate of grapes under the water-bag covering treatment in spring reached over 91.2%. The germination rates of each treatment group are shown in Table 1.

[0038] Table 1

[0039] Example 2: Verification example: In late November 2024, when the temperature dropped below 0℃ at the Zhuyang Vineyard in Tai'an, water bags were used to cover the grapevines for frost protection. The grape variety was Giant Rose. The specific procedures were as follows: To protect the root system from the cold, cover the grapevines with water bags as follows: Remove the vines from the trellis and cover them with plastic bags made of black polyethylene. The plastic film of the water bags should be 0.15mm thick, 2m wide, and 10m long. Place a section of the water bag every 30-40cm, covering an area of ​​0.8-1m on each side of the main trunk to protect the temperature of the main root distribution area. After laying the water bags, secure them with ground nails to prevent displacement after watering. Once secured, begin watering, maintaining a water volume of 90% of the water bag's capacity. After watering, cover the water bags with straw mats for insulation.

[0040] Comparison: Traditional burial for cold protection.

[0041] Blank group: No treatment is applied to the plants or the ground.

[0042] An investigation following the lowest temperature of -20℃ in 2024 revealed that grapevines protected by water bags and soil covering did not suffer frost damage, while the frost damage rate in the control group (Giant Rose) without covering or soil covering was as high as 29%. Releasing the water from the water bags directly into the soil to irrigate the grapevines after the soil thaws in spring can also achieve water conservation.

[0043] Example 3: In late November 2023, when temperatures dropped below 0°C in a vineyard in Hebei Province, water bags were used to cover the grapevines for frost protection. The grape variety was Kyoho. The specific procedures were as follows: To protect the root system from the cold, cover the grapevines with water bags as follows: Remove the branches from the trellis and cover them with plastic bags made of black polyethylene. The plastic film of the water bags should be 0.15mm thick, 2m wide, and 10m long. Place a section of the water bag every 30-40cm, covering an area of ​​0.8-1m on each side of the main trunk to protect the temperature of the main root distribution area. After laying the water bags, secure them with ground nails to prevent them from shifting after watering and affecting the insulation effect. After securing the water bags, begin watering, maintaining a water level of 90% of the bag's capacity. After watering, cover the water bags with straw mats for insulation.

[0044] Comparison: Traditional burial for cold protection.

[0045] Blank group: No treatment is applied to the plants or the ground.

[0046] An investigation following the lowest temperature of -24℃ in 2024 revealed that grapevines protected with water bags and soil burial did not suffer severe frost damage, while the frost damage rate in the control group (those without covering or burying) was as high as 32%. Releasing the water from the water bags directly into the soil to irrigate the grapevines after the soil thaws in spring also achieves water conservation.

[0047] Example 4: In late November 2024, when temperatures dropped below 0°C, water bags were used to cover the vineyards in Liaoning Province for frost protection. The grape variety was Kyoho. The specific procedures were as follows: To protect the root system from the cold, cover the grapevines with water bags as follows: Remove the vines from the trellis and cover them with plastic bags. Use black polyethylene water bags, with a plastic film thickness of 0.15mm, a width of 2m, and a length of 11m. Place a section of the water bag every 30-40cm, covering an area of ​​0.8-1m on each side of the main trunk to protect the temperature of the main root distribution area. After laying the water bags, secure them with ground nails to prevent displacement after watering. Then begin watering with urea and potassium dihydrogen phosphate fertilizer dissolved in the water, at concentrations of 0.3% and 0.1% respectively. Maintain the water level at 90% capacity. After watering, cover the water bags with straw mats for insulation.

[0048] Comparison: Traditional burial for cold protection.

[0049] The lowest winter temperature in Liaoning is usually between -17 and -21 ℃.

[0050] During the wintering period, the temperature of the soil layer 10cm deep in the control group was -0.22℃, while that in the control group was 1.98℃, and that in the water-covered treatment was 1.87℃. This significantly increased the minimum temperature of the soil layer 10cm deep, effectively preventing root frost damage. After the soil thawed in spring, the water from the water bags was released directly into the soil to irrigate the grapevines. The urea and potassium dihydrogen phosphate in the water simultaneously promoted grape growth and nutrient accumulation. Statistics showed that the budding rate of grapes under the water-covered treatment in spring reached over 92%.

[0051] Example 5 The difference from Example 4 is that starch was added to the water at a concentration of 50 g / L. During winter, the temperature of the 10 cm soil layer treated in this example was 2.07°C, significantly increasing the minimum temperature of the 10 cm soil layer and effectively preventing root frost damage. After the soil thawed in spring, the water from the water bag was released directly into the soil to irrigate the grapevines. The urea and potassium dihydrogen phosphate in the water simultaneously promoted grape growth and nutrient accumulation. Statistics showed that the budding rate of grapes treated with the water bag in spring reached over 94%.

[0052] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for overwintering grapevines without burying them in soil to prevent frost damage and desiccation, characterized in that, During the overwintering period, water bags are used to cover the area near the rootstock of the grapevines; the water bags are flexible.

2. The method for overwintering grapes without burying them in soil, as described in claim 1, is characterized in that... The overwintering period begins each year when the soil freezes or the temperature drops to zero degrees Celsius.

3. The method for overwintering grapes without burying them in soil, providing frost protection and preventing desiccation, as described in claim 1, is characterized in that... The water bag is made of black polyethylene, with a thickness of 0.12-0.25 mm, a width of 2 m, and a length of 8 ± 2 m.

4. The method for overwintering grapes without burying them in soil, as described in claim 3, is characterized in that... The water bag is divided into sections every 30-40 cm along its length.

5. The method for overwintering grapes without burying them in soil, providing frost protection and preventing desiccation, as described in claim 1, is characterized in that... The water bag covers an area of ​​0.8 to 1m on both sides of the main trunk. After the water bag is laid out, it is filled with water at 90% of its capacity.

6. The method for overwintering grapes without burying them in soil, as described in claim 1, is characterized in that... After the water bags are laid out, a fixing step is also included.

7. The method for overwintering grapes without burying them in soil, as described in claim 6, is characterized in that... After the water bag is secured, the process also includes covering the water bag with insulating material.

8. The method for overwintering grapes without burying them in soil, providing frost protection and preventing desiccation, as described in claim 7, is characterized in that... The insulation material is selected from straw mats or felt.

9. The method for overwintering grapes without burying them in soil, as described in claim 6, is characterized in that... The water bag is fixed by pressing soil.

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