Active variable bush-hook of cervical and lumbar vertebra surgical instrument and application method of active variable bush-hook

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of medical instruments, in particular to an active variable bush-hook of a cervical and lumbar surgery instrument and an application method of the active variable bush-hook. The variable bush-hook comprises a handle assembly and a variable bush-hook assembly which are connected with each other. The variable hook knife assembly comprises an angle-adjustable hook knife; by operating the handle assembly, the hooked knife can be driven to change the angle, and the cutting action on target tissue is achieved through manual force application. Through the specific structure connection and transmission design, the exposure angle of the cutting part of the hook knife can be changed, automatic resetting can be achieved, and precise, safe and active cutting of the hooked vertebra joint ligament or the posterior longitudinal ligament in the deep narrow space is achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of medical device technology, specifically to an active variable hook knife for cervical and lumbar spine surgery and its application method. Background Technology

[0002] In the field of cervical and lumbar spine surgery, it has been found that the traditional hook knife design exposes many significant limitations in current surgical procedures, especially in critical steps involving the cutting of the dural sac or ligamentum flavum. The traditional hook knife has a fixed cutting angle. During surgery, the surgeon must use this fixed-angle hook to precisely hook the ligaments of the uncovertebral joint, middle ligament, or posterior ligament, and then apply considerable force to pull and cut them. However, this method is highly susceptible to nerve damage. Nerve tissue is extremely fragile, and even slight carelessness can lead to serious consequences, undoubtedly significantly increasing the surgical risk. Moreover, in practice, this method of cutting by pulling at a fixed angle is very inconvenient, greatly affecting the smoothness and efficiency of the surgery.

[0003] Even more challenging is the fact that the limitations of traditional hook scalpels in fixing the angle become increasingly apparent when encountering extremely difficult-to-access areas like the dura mater and ligamentum flavum. Because they cannot be flexibly adjusted, surgeons struggle to insert the hook scalpel into those narrow and hard-to-reach surgical sites for precise manipulation. This not only greatly complicates the surgery but also significantly increases the risk, posing a potential threat to patient safety. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide an active variable hook knife for cervical and lumbar spine surgery and its application method in order to solve at least one of the above-mentioned technical problems.

[0005] The present invention achieves the above objectives through the following technical solutions: A cervical and lumbar spine surgical instrument with an active variable hook blade includes: a handle assembly and a variable hook blade assembly connected to each other; The variable hook blade assembly includes an angle-adjustable hook blade; By operating the handle assembly, the hook blade can be driven to change its angle, and the cutting action on the target tissue can be achieved by manually applying force.

[0006] Furthermore, the variable hook knife assembly also includes: a clamp head pull rod and a fixed clamp head; The fixed clamp head is disposed at the front end of the variable hook knife assembly. The fixed clamp head is hollow inside. The middle part of the hook knife is rotatably connected to the fixed clamp head. The front end of the clamp head pull rod passes through the interior of the fixed clamp head and is rotatably connected to the tail of the hook knife. By pulling the clamp head lever, the hook blade can be rotated relative to the fixed clamp head, thereby changing the exposed angle of the hook blade's cutting part.

[0007] Furthermore, the hook blade is rotatably connected to the clamp head lever via a second pin; The hook blade is rotatably connected to the fixed clamp head via a third pin.

[0008] Furthermore, the variable hook knife assembly also includes: a clamp core pull rod and an actuating conduit; the clamp core pull rod is disposed inside the actuating conduit; The core pull rod is connected to the end of the head pull rod opposite to the hook knife; the action guide is connected to the fixed head.

[0009] Furthermore, the end of the pliers core pull rod connected to the pliers head pull rod is hollow inside and provided with a first internal thread, and the outer wall of the end of the pliers head pull rod opposite to the hook knife is provided with a first external thread that matches the first internal thread; The outer side of the working conduit wall is provided with a second external thread, and the inner wall of the end of the fixed clamp head that is opposite to the hook knife is provided with a second internal thread that matches the second external thread.

[0010] Furthermore, the variable hook blade assembly also includes: a connecting conduit and a connecting rod; The handle assembly includes: a fixed handle and an upper pull ring; the front end of the fixed handle is hollow; the upper pull ring is rotatably connected to the fixed handle; One end of the connecting conduit is connected to the fixed handle, and the other end is connected to the functional conduit. The connecting rod is located inside the front end of the fixed handle. One end of the connecting rod is connected to the upper pull ring, and the other end is connected to the clamp core pull rod. When the upper pull ring is rotated, the connecting rod causes the clamp core pull rod to move.

[0011] Furthermore, the variable hook blade assembly also includes: a rear pull rod; One end of the rear pull rod is connected to the upper pull ring, and the other end is connected to the connecting pull rod.

[0012] Furthermore, the upper pull ring is rotatably connected to the fixed handle via a first pin; the rear pull rod is rotatably connected to the upper pull ring via a fourth pin; and the rear pull rod is connected to the connecting pull rod via a fifth pin.

[0013] Furthermore, one end of the connecting conduit is embedded inside the front end of the fixed handle and connected to the fixed handle; A spring is provided between the connecting rod and the connecting conduit, and the spring is used to realize the automatic reset of the hook blade after the cutting is completed.

[0014] A method for applying an active variable hook knife in a cervical and lumbar spine surgical instrument, comprising using any of the above-described active variable hook knives in a cervical and lumbar spine surgical instrument, the method including: Based on surgical needs, components of appropriate size are selected for assembly; and the assembled cervical and lumbar spine surgical instruments, specifically the active variable hook knife, are sterilized. The variable hook knife assembly is delivered to the target location via a minimally invasive channel; Pull the upper ring to drive the hook blade to rotate around the third pin and actively cut the target ligament. After the cutting is completed, the upper pull ring is released, and the connecting rod moves backward under the action of the spring, causing the hook blade to retract to a safe angle; Withdraw the active variable hook blade from the cervical and lumbar spine surgical instrument to complete the operation.

[0015] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: Solving the problem of angle change: This invention effectively overcomes the defect of traditional hook knives that cannot change angle, and can be operated flexibly in difficult positions to achieve precise cutting of the ligaments of the uncovertebral joint and the posterior longitudinal ligament, greatly improving the convenience of surgery.

[0016] Improving cutting convenience and safety: This invention changes the inconvenience of cutting with existing hook knives, avoids the problem of increased surgical risks when manually pulling to complete the cutting, and makes the cutting operation more convenient and safer. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of an active variable hook knife surgical instrument for cervical and lumbar spine surgery according to one embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2 for Figure 1 Enlarged view of point A in the image; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the handle assembly structure according to one embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a flowchart illustrating the application method of an active variable hook knife surgical instrument for cervical and lumbar spine surgery according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0018] The components are as follows: 1. Handle assembly; 11. Fixed handle; 12. Upper pull ring; 13. First pin; 2. Variable hook knife assembly; 21. Hook knife; 22. Pliers head pull rod; 23. Fixed pliers head; 24. Pliers core pull rod; 25. Action guide tube; 26. Second pin; 27. Third pin; 28. Connecting guide tube; 29. ​​Fourth pin; 210. Connecting pull rod; 211. Fifth pin; 212. Rear pull rod. Detailed Implementation

[0019] The invention will now be discussed with reference to exemplary embodiments. It should be understood that the described embodiments are merely intended to enable those skilled in the art to better understand and thus implement the invention, and are not intended to imply any limitation on the scope of the invention.

[0020] As used herein, the term "comprising" and its variations are to be interpreted as open-ended terms meaning "including but not limited to". The term "based on" is to be interpreted as "at least partially based on". The terms "one embodiment" and "an embodiment" are to be interpreted as "at least one embodiment".

[0021] Example 1

[0022] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of an active variable hook knife surgical instrument for cervical and lumbar spine surgery according to one embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2 for Figure 1 Enlarged view of point A in the image; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a handle assembly according to one embodiment of the present invention. Figure 1-3 As shown, according to one embodiment of the present invention, a cervical and lumbar spine surgical instrument with an active variable hook knife includes: a handle assembly 1 and a variable hook knife assembly 2 connected to each other. The variable hook blade assembly 2 includes an angle-adjustable hook blade 21; By operating the handle assembly 1, the hook blade 21 can be driven to change its angle, and the cutting action on the target tissue can be achieved by manually applying force.

[0023] In this embodiment, a cervical and lumbar spine surgical instrument with an active variable hook blade is provided, including: a handle assembly 1 and a variable hook blade assembly 2; the variable hook blade assembly 2 includes an angle-adjustable hook blade 21; by operating the handle assembly 1, the angle of the hook blade 21 can be changed, and the cutting action on the target tissue can be achieved by manually applying force; wherein, the middle part of the hook blade 21 is hinged to the hollow cavity at the front end of the fixed clamp head 23 by a third pin 27, the tail of the hook blade 21 is hinged to the front end of the clamp head pull rod 22 by a second pin 26, the rear end of the clamp head pull rod 22 is threadedly fixed to the clamp core pull rod 24 and together they pass through the action guide 25, the outer periphery of the action guide 25 is threadedly fixed to the fixed clamp head 23, and the rear end of the clamp core pull rod 24 is sequentially connected to the connecting pull rod 210 and the rear pull rod. 212 is hinged to the upper pull ring 12, which is hinged to the fixed handle 11 via the first pin 13. The connecting conduit 28 coaxially fixes the front end of the fixed handle 11 to the working conduit 25. A spring is sleeved on the outer periphery of the connecting rod 210. One end of the spring abuts against the limiting step of the connecting conduit 28, and the other end abuts against the shoulder of the connecting rod 210. When the upper pull ring 12 is pulled, the rear pull rod 212 drives the connecting pull rod 210, the core pull rod 24, and the head pull rod 22 to move forward in sequence, causing the hook knife 21 to rotate outward around the third pin 27, changing the exposed angle of the cutting part. After the upper pull ring 12 is released, the spring pushes each pull rod back, and the hook knife 21 automatically resets, thereby completing the precise, safe, and active cutting of the uncovertebral joint ligament or posterior longitudinal ligament in a deep and narrow space.

[0024] This invention, through a specific structural connection and transmission design, can change the exposed angle of the hook blade cutting part and can automatically reset, achieving precise, safe, and active cutting of the uncovertebral joint ligament or posterior longitudinal ligament in deep and narrow spaces.

[0025] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the variable hook knife assembly 2 further includes: a clamp head pull rod 22 and a fixed clamp head 23; The fixed jaw head 23 is located at the front end of the variable hook knife assembly 2. The fixed jaw head 23 is hollow inside. The middle part of the hook knife 21 is rotatably connected to the fixed jaw head 23. The front end of the jaw head pull rod 22 passes through the interior of the fixed jaw head 23 and is rotatably connected to the tail of the hook knife 21. By pulling the clamp head lever 22, the hook blade 21 can be rotated relative to the fixed clamp head 23, thereby changing the exposed angle of the cutting part of the hook blade 21.

[0026] In this embodiment, the variable hook knife assembly 2 further includes: a clamp head pull rod 22 and a fixed clamp head 23; the fixed clamp head 23 is disposed at the front end of the variable hook knife assembly 2, the fixed clamp head 23 is hollow inside, and the middle part of the hook knife 21 is rotatably connected to the fixed clamp head 23; the front end of the clamp head pull rod 22 passes into the interior of the fixed clamp head 23 and is rotatably connected to the tail of the hook knife 21; by pulling the clamp head pull rod 22, the hook knife 21 can be rotated relative to the fixed clamp head 23, thereby changing the exposed angle of the cutting part of the hook knife 21.

[0027] This invention utilizes a design that connects the pliers head lever to the hook knife and the fixed pliers head. Pulling the pliers head lever can drive the hook knife to rotate, thus achieving the technical effect of flexibly changing the exposed angle of the hook knife's cutting part.

[0028] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the hook 21 is rotatably connected to the clamp head pull rod 22 via the second pin 26; The hook 21 is rotatably connected to the fixed clamp head 23 via the third pin 27.

[0029] In this embodiment, the hook 21 is rotatably connected to the pliers head lever 22 via the second pin 26, and the hook 21 is rotatably connected to the fixed pliers head 23 via the third pin 27, thus forming a double-hinge lever structure: the third pin 27 serves as a fixed rotation center, passing through the middle of the hook 21 and anchored in the coaxial lug at the front end of the fixed pliers head 23, providing a rigid fulcrum for the hook 21; the second pin 26 passes laterally through the flat surface at the tail of the hook 21 and the fork-shaped joint at the front end of the pliers head lever 22, forming a slidable drive hinge point; when the pliers head lever 22 moves back and forth along the inner axis of the fixed pliers head 23... When in motion, the second pin 26 drives the tail of the hook blade 21 to move synchronously, causing the hook blade 21 to swing controllably around the third pin 27, thereby achieving precise adjustment of the exposed angle of the cutting part. This double pin layout converts linear tension into changes in the blade angle, ensuring smooth force transmission without lateral deviation, and resisting cutting reaction force through the shear strength of the pin itself, avoiding the shaking or instability that may occur with traditional single-point hinges. This ensures that the angle change of the hook blade 21 is always under rigid constraint in deep and narrow surgical channels, improving the safety and controllability of cervical and lumbar ligament cutting.

[0030] This invention constructs a double-hinge lever structure using double pins, converting linear tension into changes in the angle of the hook blade, enabling precise adjustment of the exposed angle of the cutting part, ensuring rigid constraints on changes in the hook blade angle, and improving the safety and controllability of cervical and lumbar ligament cutting.

[0031] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the variable hook knife assembly 2 further includes: a clamping rod 24 and an action guide 25; the clamping rod 24 is disposed inside the action guide 25; The core pull rod 24 is connected to the end of the head pull rod 22 that is away from the hook knife 21; the action guide 25 is connected to the fixed head 23.

[0032] Preferably, the end of the pliers core pull rod 24 connected to the pliers head pull rod 22 is hollow and has a first internal thread, and the outer wall of the end of the pliers head pull rod 22 that is opposite to the hook knife 21 has a first external thread that matches the first internal thread. The outer side of the tube wall of the working conduit 25 is provided with a second external thread, and the inner wall of the end of the fixed clamp head 23 that is opposite to the hook knife 21 is provided with a second internal thread that matches the second external thread.

[0033] In this embodiment, the variable hook knife assembly 2 further includes: a core pull rod 24 and an action guide 25; the core pull rod 24 is disposed inside the action guide 25; the core pull rod 24 is connected to the end of the pliers head pull rod 22 opposite to the hook knife 21; the action guide 25 is connected to the fixed pliers head 23; preferably, the end of the core pull rod 24 connected to the pliers head pull rod 22 is hollow and provided with a first internal thread, the outer wall of the end of the pliers head pull rod 22 opposite to the hook knife 21 is provided with a first external thread matching the first internal thread, the outer wall of the action guide 25 is provided with a second external thread, and the inner wall of the end of the fixed pliers head 23 opposite to the hook knife 21 is provided with a second internal thread matching the second external thread, thereby forming a double thread locking structure: the core pull rod 24 and the pliers head pull rod 22 are detachably rigidly connected by the engagement of the first internal thread and the first external thread, ensuring both tension and rigidity. The transmission is backlash-free and allows for quick intraoperative replacement of different length clamp head pull rods 22 to adapt to individual anatomical differences. The action conduit 25 is screwed into the second internal thread of the fixed clamp head 23 via the second external thread, forming a coaxial rigid channel. This provides linear guidance for the clamp core pull rod 24 and resists bending deformation caused by cutting reaction force. The thread engagement length is greater than twice the pitch, ensuring that the shear strength at the connection is higher than the tensile strength of the pull rod body, avoiding slippage or breakage during high-load cutting. At the same time, the root of the external thread has a rounded transition to reduce stress concentration and extend fatigue life. This thread pair design makes the axes of the clamp core pull rod 24, action conduit 25, and fixed clamp head 23 coincide, and the force system is transmitted along the midline, reducing off-center load and improving the accuracy and stability of the hook knife 21 angle adjustment. This enables safe and controllable ligament cutting operations in the deep and narrow space of the cervical and lumbar spine.

[0034] This invention achieves a detachable rigid connection between the clamp core pull rod and the clamp head pull rod through a double threaded locking structure, and ensures that the action guide and the fixed clamp head are rigidly fixed coaxially, guaranteeing the transmission of force along the centerline, improving the accuracy and stability of the hook blade angle adjustment, and enabling safe and controllable deep ligament cutting of the cervical and lumbar spine.

[0035] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the variable hook assembly 2 further includes: a connecting conduit 28 and a connecting rod 210; Handle assembly 1 includes: a fixed handle 11 and an upper pull ring 12; the front end of the fixed handle 11 is hollow; the upper pull ring 12 is rotatably connected to the fixed handle 11; One end of the connecting tube 28 is connected to the fixed handle 11, and the other end is connected to the action tube 25; The connecting rod 210 is located inside the front end of the fixed handle 11. One end of the connecting rod 210 is connected to the upper pull ring 12, and the other end is connected to the clamp core pull rod 24. When the upper pull ring 12 is rotated, the connecting rod 210 causes the clamp core pull rod 24 to move.

[0036] In this embodiment, the variable hook knife assembly 2 further includes: a connecting conduit 28 and a connecting rod 210; the handle assembly 1 includes: a fixed handle 11 and an upper pull ring 12; the front end of the fixed handle 11 is hollow; the upper pull ring 12 is rotatably connected to the fixed handle 11; one end of the connecting conduit 28 is connected to the fixed handle 11, and the other end is connected to the action conduit 25; the connecting rod 210 is disposed inside the front end of the fixed handle 11, one end of the connecting rod 210 is connected to the upper pull ring 12, and the other end is connected to the pliers core pull rod 24; when the upper pull ring 12 is rotated, the connecting rod 210 drives the pliers core pull rod 24 to generate displacement; specifically, the connecting... The tail of the catheter 28 is screwed into the hollow cavity at the front end of the fixed handle 11 and coaxially fixed thereto. The front end is screwed to the action catheter 25 to form a continuous rigid channel. The connecting rod 210 is coaxially placed in this channel. Its tail end is directly hinged to the inner ear plate of the upper pull ring 12, and its head end is threaded to the core pull rod 24. When the upper pull ring 12 rotates around the first pin 13 relative to the fixed handle 11, the connecting rod 210 converts the arc motion of the upper pull ring 12 into linear displacement and synchronously drives the core pull rod 24 to move back and forth, thereby driving the head pull rod 22 and the hook knife 21 to achieve angle adjustment and complete the cervical and lumbar ligament cutting.

[0037] This invention, through the cooperation of the connecting tube, connecting rod and handle assembly, converts the arc motion of the upper pull ring into linear displacement to drive the movement of the clamp core pull rod, thereby driving the hook knife angle adjustment, and achieving safe and precise cutting of cervical and lumbar ligaments.

[0038] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the variable hook knife assembly 2 further includes: a rear pull rod 212; One end of the rear pull rod 212 is connected to the upper pull ring 12, and the other end is connected to the connecting pull rod 210.

[0039] Preferably, the upper pull ring 12 is rotatably connected to the fixed handle 11 via the first pin 13; the rear pull rod 212 is rotatably connected to the upper pull ring 12 via the fourth pin 29; and the rear pull rod 212 is connected to the connecting pull rod 210 via the fifth pin 211.

[0040] Preferably, one end of the connecting conduit 28 is embedded inside the front end of the fixed handle 11 and connected to the fixed handle 11; A spring is provided between the connecting rod 210 and the connecting conduit 28. The spring is used to realize the automatic reset of the hook blade 21 after the cutting is completed.

[0041] In this embodiment, the variable hook knife assembly 2 further includes: a rear pull rod 212; one end of the rear pull rod 212 is connected to the upper pull ring 12, and the other end is connected to the connecting pull rod 210; preferably, the upper pull ring 12 is rotatably connected to the fixed handle 11 via the first pin 13; the rear pull rod 212 is rotatably connected to the upper pull ring 12 via the fourth pin 29; the rear pull rod 212 is connected to the connecting pull rod 210 via the fifth pin 211; preferably, one end of the connecting conduit 28 is embedded inside the front end of the fixed handle 11 and connected to the fixed handle 11; a spring is provided between the connecting pull rod 210 and the connecting conduit 28, and the spring is used to realize the automatic reset of the hook knife 21 after cutting; specifically, the rear pull rod 212, the connecting pull rod 210, and the upper pull ring 12 constitute a crank-slider mechanism, and when the upper pull ring 12 rotates around the first pin 13... The rear pull rod 212 converts the arc motion into the linear displacement of the connecting pull rod 210. The front end of the connecting pull rod 210 is threadedly fixed to the core pull rod 24, thereby pulling the pliers head pull rod 22 and the hook knife 21 to achieve angular deflection. The external thread at the tail end of the connecting guide tube 28 is screwed together with the internal thread at the front end of the fixed handle 11 to form a rigid guide channel for end face positioning. The connecting pull rod 210 is coaxially inserted in this channel, and a compression spring is sleeved on its outer circumference. One end of the spring abuts against the inner shoulder of the connecting guide tube 28, and the other end abuts against the shaft shoulder of the connecting pull rod 210. When the upper pull ring 12 is released, the spring releases its stored energy, pushing the connecting pull rod 210 to move backward, so that the hook knife 21 quickly retracts to the initial safe angle, completing the automatic reset. This avoids the blade being exposed for a long time and damaging the nerves or dural sac, realizing one-handed operation and rapid reset of cervical and lumbar ligament cutting.

[0042] This invention uses a crank-slider mechanism consisting of a rear pull rod, a connecting pull rod, and an upper pull ring, which, in conjunction with a spring, enables the hook blade to deflect at an angle and automatically reset, achieving one-handed operation and rapid, safe repositioning during cervical and lumbar ligament cutting.

[0043] Example 2

[0044] like Figure 1-3 As shown, according to one embodiment of the present invention, a cervical and lumbar spine surgical instrument with an active variable hook knife includes: a handle assembly 1 and a variable hook knife assembly 2; The head end of the variable hook knife assembly 2 is fixed by the fixing hole of the hook knife 21 and the fixing hole of the fixed jaw head 23 with the third pin 27, forming a joint fulcrum. Then, it is fixed by the second pin 26 with the movable hole of the hook knife 21 and the hole on the jaw head pull rod 22. The internal thread of one end of the jaw core pull rod 24 is tightened and fixed with the external thread of the jaw head pull rod 22. Then, the action guide 25 passes through the jaw core pull rod 24, and the external thread of the next end is tightened and fixed with the internal thread of one end of the fixed jaw head 23. At this time, pulling the jaw core pull rod 24 can change the angle of its hook knife 21. The connecting guide 28 and the action guide 25 are assembled and fixed. The connecting pull rod 210 and the jaw core pull rod 24 are assembled and fixed. Then, the other end of the connecting pull rod 210 is assembled and fixed with the rear pull rod 212 using the fifth pin 211. This completes the assembly process of the variable hook knife assembly 2.

[0045] Insert one end of the rear pull rod 212 of the assembled variable hook knife assembly 2 through the front hole of the fixed handle 11. Then, insert the fourth pin 29 into the fixing hole of the fixed handle 11 and the upper pull ring 12 and the rear pull rod 212. Insert the connecting tube 28 into the front hole of the fixed handle 11 and fix it. Finally, insert the first pin 13 into the fixing hole of the fixed handle 11 and the upper pull ring 12. This completes the assembly of the entire variable hook knife device.

[0046] In this embodiment, an active variable hook knife for cervical and lumbar spine surgery is proposed, which transforms the traditional hook knife into one that can change angle and has an active cutting function. It consists of a fixed clamp head 23, a hook knife 21, and a clamp head pull rod 22. The hook knife 21 has two movable holes, which are fixed to the clamp head pull rod 22 and the fixed clamp head 23 with pins respectively. When the clamp head pull rod 22 is pulled, the angle of the hook knife can be changed.

[0047] Then, the forceps head 23 is given an action guide 25, and the forceps head pull rod 22 is given a core pull rod 24 to extend the working distance. The action guide 25 and the connecting guide 28 are assembled with the fixed handle 11. Two joint parts are added to the core pull rod 24, namely the connecting pull rod 210 and the rear pull rod 212. Then, with the pull ring 12, the angle of the hook knife 21 and the active cutting function can be changed by pulling the pull ring 12. A spring is added between the connecting pull rod 210 and the connecting guide 28 so that the hook knife 21 can automatically spring back to its original position after cutting, which increases the convenience and safety of the operation of removing the ligaments of the uncovertebral joint and the posterior longitudinal ligament.

[0048] In practical surgical applications, the active variable hook blade of the cervical and lumbar spine surgical instrument of this invention demonstrates significant technical advantages. By pulling the pull ring, the angle of the hook blade head can be flexibly changed and retracted, allowing for easier access to extremely difficult-to-reach areas during surgery. This effectively reduces surgical trauma, better adapts to the surgical needs of different patient groups, and greatly improves the convenience and safety of surgical procedures. The active cutting function of this invention is particularly advantageous. When facing challenging areas such as the uncovertebral joint ligaments and posterior longitudinal ligament, the operator simply pulls the handle, and the hook blade head retracts, applying active cutting force. This allows for easy and efficient removal of the dural sac and ligamentum flavum, making the surgical process more effortless and smoother. Furthermore, the invention employs a fixed handle and movable pull ring design, while also adding an active hook blade angle return function. This series of designs is more ergonomic. Operators can use the instrument more easily and conveniently during surgery, not only improving surgical efficiency but also effectively shortening surgical time, resulting in a better surgical experience and prognosis for patients.

[0049] Example 3

[0050] Figure 4 This is a flowchart illustrating the application method of an active variable hook knife surgical instrument for cervical and lumbar spine surgery according to one embodiment of the present invention. Figure 4 As shown, according to one embodiment of the present invention, a method for applying an active variable hook knife of a cervical and lumbar spine surgical instrument, using any of the active variable hook knives of the present invention, includes the following application method: Step S102: Based on surgical needs, select components of appropriate size for assembly; and sterilize the assembled cervical and lumbar spine surgical instrument, specifically the active variable hook knife. Step S104: The front end of the variable hook knife component 2 is delivered to the target position through the minimally invasive channel; Step S106: Pull the upper pull ring 12 to drive the hook knife 21 to rotate around the third pin 27 and actively cut the target ligament; Step S108: After cutting is completed, release the upper pull ring 12. The connecting rod 210 moves backward under the action of the spring, causing the hook blade 21 to retract to a safe angle. Step S110: Disengage the active variable hook blade of the cervical and lumbar spine surgical instrument to complete the operation.

[0051] This embodiment provides a method for applying an active variable hook knife in cervical and lumbar spine surgical instruments. Using any of the active variable hook knives in this invention, the application method includes: assembling components of appropriate size based on surgical needs; sequentially threading the fixed clamp head 23, the action catheter 25, the connecting catheter 28, and the fixed handle 11 to form a coaxial rigid channel; tightening the clamp core pull rod 24 and the clamp head pull rod 22; pre-installing the hook knife 21 in the U-shaped groove of the fixed clamp head 23; and passing the second pin 26 and the third pin 27 through their corresponding hinge holes to complete the closed-loop connection of the variable hook knife assembly 2; and sterilizing the assembled active variable hook knife (e.g., high-temperature sterilization). Holding the fixed handle 11, the fixed clamp head 23 is advanced through the minimally invasive channel to the uncovertebral joint or the middle / posterior longitudinal ligament target position, and the initial position is confirmed endoscopically. Pulling the upper pull ring 12 causes the rear pull rod 212 to drive the connecting pull rod 210, the core pull rod 24, and the head pull rod 22 forward in sequence. The hook blade 21 rotates around the third pin 27, and the hook blade 21 actively cuts the target ligament. After the cutting is completed, releasing the upper pull ring 12 causes the connecting pull rod 210 to move backward under the action of the spring. The hook blade 21 automatically retracts to a safe angle and withdraws from the instrument, completing the minimally invasive resection of the cervical and lumbar ligaments. This process achieves full one-handed operation through threaded pre-assembly, pin hinge, and spring reset, ensuring precise cutting and immediate retraction in deep and narrow spaces, avoiding additional rotation or instrument replacement, and reducing surgical risks.

[0052] This invention, through its threaded pre-assembly, pin hinge, and spring reset design, enables precise one-handed control, active cutting, and immediate safe retraction of the variable hook knife during cervical and lumbar spine surgery, thereby reducing surgical risks.

[0053] Those skilled in the art will clearly understand that, for the sake of convenience and brevity, the specific working process of the method described above can be referred to the corresponding process in the aforementioned variable hook knife embodiment, and will not be repeated here.

[0054] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of this application and an explanation of the technical principles employed. Those skilled in the art should understand that the scope of the invention involved in this application is not limited to technical solutions formed by specific combinations of the above-described technical features, but should also cover other technical solutions formed by arbitrary combinations of the above-described technical features or their equivalents without departing from the inventive concept. For example, technical solutions formed by substituting the above features with (but not limited to) technical features with similar functions disclosed in this application.

[0055] It should be understood that the sequence number of each step in the invention and embodiments of the present invention does not absolutely imply the order of execution. The execution order of each process should be determined by its function and internal logic, and should not constitute any limitation on the implementation process of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A cervical and lumbar spine surgical instrument with an active, variable hook blade, characterized in that, include: The handle assembly (1) and the variable hook assembly (2) are connected to each other. The variable hook knife assembly (2) includes an angle-adjustable hook knife (21). By operating the handle assembly (1), the hook blade (21) can be driven to change its angle, and the cutting action on the target tissue can be achieved by manually applying force; The variable hook knife assembly (2) also includes: a clamp head pull rod (22) and a fixed clamp head (23); The fixed clamp head (23) is located at the front end of the variable hook knife assembly (2). The fixed clamp head (23) is hollow inside. The middle part of the hook knife (21) is rotatably connected to the fixed clamp head (23). The front end of the clamp head pull rod (22) passes into the interior of the fixed clamp head (23) and is rotatably connected to the tail of the hook knife (21). By pulling the clamp head lever (22), the hook blade (21) can be rotated relative to the fixed clamp head (23), thereby changing the exposed angle of the cutting part of the hook blade (21).

2. The active variable hook knife surgical instrument for cervical and lumbar spine surgery according to claim 1, characterized in that: The hook blade (21) is rotatably connected to the clamp head pull rod (22) via the second pin (26); The hook blade (21) is rotatably connected to the fixed clamp head (23) via a third pin (27).

3. The active variable hook knife surgical instrument for cervical and lumbar spine surgery according to claim 1, characterized in that, The variable hook knife assembly (2) further includes: a clamp core pull rod (24) and an action conduit (25); the clamp core pull rod (24) is disposed inside the action conduit (25); The core pull rod (24) is connected to the end of the head pull rod (22) away from the hook knife (21); the action guide (25) is connected to the fixed head (23).

4. The active variable hook knife surgical instrument for cervical and lumbar spine surgery according to claim 3, characterized in that: The end of the pliers core pull rod (24) connected to the pliers head pull rod (22) is hollow and has a first internal thread. The outer wall of the end of the pliers head pull rod (22) that is opposite to the hook knife (21) has a first external thread that matches the first internal thread. The outer side of the working conduit (25) is provided with a second external thread, and the inner wall of the end of the fixed clamp head (23) that is opposite to the hook knife (21) is provided with a second internal thread that matches the second external thread.

5. The active variable hook knife surgical instrument for cervical and lumbar spine surgery according to claim 3, characterized in that, The variable hook assembly (2) further includes: a connecting conduit (28) and a connecting rod (210); The handle assembly (1) includes: a fixed handle (11) and an upper pull ring (12); the front end of the fixed handle (11) is hollow; the upper pull ring (12) is rotatably connected to the fixed handle (11); One end of the connecting conduit (28) is connected to the fixed handle (11), and the other end is connected to the actuating conduit (25). The connecting rod (210) is located inside the front end of the fixed handle (11). One end of the connecting rod (210) is connected to the upper pull ring (12), and the other end is connected to the clamp core rod (24). When the upper pull ring (12) is rotated, the connecting rod (210) causes the clamp core rod (24) to move.

6. The active variable hook knife surgical instrument for cervical and lumbar spine surgery according to claim 5, characterized in that, The variable hook assembly (2) also includes: a rear pull rod (212); One end of the rear pull rod (212) is connected to the upper pull ring (12), and the other end is connected to the connecting pull rod (210).

7. The active variable hook knife surgical instrument for cervical and lumbar spine surgery according to claim 6, characterized in that: The upper pull ring (12) is rotatably connected to the fixed handle (11) via the first pin (13); the rear pull rod (212) is rotatably connected to the upper pull ring (12) via the fourth pin (29); the rear pull rod (212) is connected to the connecting pull rod (210) via the fifth pin (211).

8. The active variable hook knife of the cervical and lumbar spine surgical instrument according to claim 6, characterized in that: One end of the connecting conduit (28) is embedded inside the front end of the fixed handle (11) and connected to the fixed handle (11); A spring is provided between the connecting rod (210) and the connecting conduit (28), and the spring is used to realize the automatic reset of the hook (21) after the cutting is completed.

9. A method for applying an active variable hook knife in cervical and lumbar spine surgery, comprising using an active variable hook knife as described in any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that... The application method includes: Based on surgical needs, components of appropriate size are selected for assembly; and the assembled cervical and lumbar spine surgical instruments, specifically the active variable hook knife, are sterilized. The variable hook knife assembly (2) is delivered to the target position through the minimally invasive channel; Pull the upper pull ring (12) to drive the hook knife (21) to rotate around the third pin (27) and actively cut the target ligament; After the cutting is completed, the upper pull ring (12) is released, and the connecting rod (210) moves backward under the action of the spring, driving the hook knife (21) to retract to a safe angle; Withdraw the active variable hook blade from the cervical and lumbar spine surgical instrument to complete the operation.

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