Use of designed bacterial compositions for infection treatment

Abstract

Provided herein are bacterial compositions useful for the treatment and / or prevention of chronic liver disease, neutropenia, and / or diseases or conditions associated with solid organ transplantation. In some aspects, the treatment and / or prevention includes the treatment of infection complications due to chronic liver disease, neutropenia, and / or solid organ transplantation. The bacterial compositions disclosed herein are designed to exhibit one or more functional profiles useful in the treatment of such diseases and disorders.

Description

[0001] Cross-references to related applications

[0002] This PCT application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Application No. 63 / 482,293, filed January 30, 2023, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

[0003] References to sequence lists submitted electronically

[0004] The contents of the sequence list (4268_096PC01_Seqlisting_ST26; size: 421,080 bytes; and creation date: January 30, 2024) submitted electronically with this application are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety. Technical Field

[0005] This disclosure relates to bacterial compositions that can be used to treat infectious complications arising from a wide range of diseases or conditions (such as chronic liver disease, cancer neutropenia, and solid organ transplantation) in subjects (e.g., human subjects). More specifically, the bacterial compositions provided herein are designed to exhibit certain properties that can be used to reduce or prevent the risk of infection by certain microbial pathogens in the subject. As further described herein, by treating such pathogens, the bacterial compositions provided herein can be used to treat the wide range of diseases or conditions described herein. Background Technology

[0006] Chronic liver disease (CLD) is one of the most common and leading causes of death, particularly in developing countries. In the United States, according to the 2017 National Life Statistics report from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, approximately 4.5 million adults have chronic liver disease and cirrhosis, representing 1.8% of the adult population. 41,473 people die from chronic liver disease and cirrhosis (12.8 deaths per 100,000). Due to declining liver function, many people with CLD are highly susceptible to bacterial infections, and many CLD-related deaths are directly related to such bacterial infections. The most common infections in patients with cirrhosis, spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) and bloodstream infection (BSI), are typically caused by gastrointestinal resident microbes. The presence of potentially pathogenic gastrointestinal microbes combined with increased intestinal permeability can lead to the translocation of these potential pathogens, resulting in SBP and BSI. This same phenomenon can drive bacterial infections in subjects with other diseases and conditions associated with impaired immune function and / or febrile neutropenia (e.g., solid organ transplantation, chemotherapy for solid and hematologic malignancies) and other conditions requiring acute or long-term care in an intensive care unit setting (see, for example, Ford et al., Lancet 2(10):e438-44 (October 2015); and Freedberg DE et al., Intensive Care Med 44(8):1203-1211 (August 2018)).

[0007] Therefore, new and alternative approaches are still needed to prevent and / or treat bacterial infections in subjects with chronic liver disease, neutropenia, and / or diseases or conditions associated with impaired immune function and / or impaired gastrointestinal barrier function. Summary of the Invention

[0008] This article provides methods for treating diseases and conditions as described herein, such as chronic liver disease, diseases or conditions associated with solid organ transplantation, or neutropenia. Bacterial compositions are also provided.

[0009] In some aspects, a method of treating chronic liver disease in a subject of need includes administering to the subject a composition comprising multiple bacteria, wherein the multiple bacteria comprise a first bacterial species and a second bacterial species, wherein the first species and the second species are not identical, and wherein the first species and the second species are independently selected from *Anae rotruncus colihominis*, *Blsutia coccoides*, *Blautia hominis*, *Blsutia obeum*, *Blsutiawexlerae*, *Butyricococcus sp2*, *Clostridium aldenense*, *Clostridium bolteae*, *Clostridium innocuum*, *Clostridium scindens*, and *Clostridium symbioticum*. Symbiosum), Dorea longicatena, Eisenbergiella tayi, Emergencia timonensis, Erysipelstoclostridium ramosum, Eubacterium callanderi, Faecalicatena cortorta, Faecal icatena orotica, Flavobacterium plsutii, Hungatella efflu vii, Intestinimonas butyriciproducens, Intestinimonas massiiensis, Lactonifactor longoviformis, Lawsonibacter spp. sp. 7, Massilimali ae timonensis, Murimonas intestini, Niameybacter sp1, Ruminococcus family NG13 sp6 or Turicibacter sanguinis.

[0010] In some respects, treatment of chronic liver disease includes (i) reducing the incidence of infection or preventing said infection in subjects, (ii) alleviating or preventing symptoms of chronic liver disease in subjects, or (iii) both of (i) and (ii).

[0011] In some respects, chronic liver disease is caused by and / or associated with toxins (e.g., long-term alcohol and / or drug abuse), infections, metabolic disorders, autoimmune diseases, genetic abnormalities, or combinations thereof. In some respects, chronic liver disease is idiopathic. In some respects, chronic liver disease includes cirrhosis, liver fibrosis, alcoholic liver disease, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), hepatitis (including viral hepatitis and alcoholic hepatitis), primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC), primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency, hereditary hemochromatosis, Wilson's disease, autoimmune hepatitis (AIH), Budd-Chiari syndrome, and combinations thereof. In some respects, chronic liver disease includes ascites, vomiting, gallstones, pruritus, jaundice, kidney failure, muscle loss, loss of appetite, bruising, spider veins in the skin, fatigue, weight loss, confusion, leg (e.g., ankle) swelling, portal hypertension, hepatic encephalopathy, and combinations thereof. In some respects, chronic liver disease includes hepatic encephalopathy.

[0012] In some respects, this article provides a method for treating neutropenia in a subject of need, the method comprising administering to the subject a composition comprising multiple bacteria, wherein the multiple bacteria comprise a first bacterial species and a second bacterial species, wherein the first species and the second species are not identical, and wherein the first species and the second species are independently selected from the following: *Bretschneidera sinensis*, *Bretschneidera hominis*, *Bretschneidera ovalis*, *Bretschneidera westermani*, *Butycoccus spp. sp2*, *Clostridium difficile*, *Clostridium difficile*, *Clostridium scintillans*, *Clostridium symbioticum*, *Dorrelia longiformis*, *Eisenberger tympani*, *Timonis emergencytia*, *Clostridium erysipelas*, *Eubacterium calciferum*, *Faecalicatena cortorta*, *Faecalicatena orotica*, *Flavobacterium previae*, *Hungatella effluvii*, *Enteromonas butyrate-producing*, *Enteromonas masei*, *Lactobacillus longiformis*, *Lawsonia spp. sp7*, *Massilimaliae*. timonensis, Murimonas intestini, Niameybacter sp1, Ruminococciaceae NG13sp6, or Turicibacter sanguinis.

[0013] In some respects, treatment of neutropenia includes (i) reducing the incidence of infection in a subject or preventing said infection, (ii) alleviating or preventing symptoms of neutropenia in a subject, or (iii) both of (i) and (ii). In some respects, neutropenia includes cancer-related neutropenia.

[0014] In some respects, this article provides a method for treating a disease or condition related to solid organ transplantation in a subject in need, the method comprising administering to the subject a composition comprising multiple bacteria, wherein the multiple bacteria comprise a first bacterial species and a second bacterial species, wherein the first species and the second species are not identical, and wherein the first species and the second species are independently selected from the following: *Bretschneidera sinensis*, *Bretschneidera hominis*, *Bretschneidera ovalis*, *Bretschneidera westermani*, *Butycoccus spp. sp2*, *Clostridium difficile*, *Clostridium difficile*, *Clostridium scintillans*, *Clostridium symbioticum*, *Dorrelia longiformis*, *Eisenberger tympani*, *Timonis emergencytia*, *Clostridium erysipelas*, *Eubacterium calciferum*, *Faecalicatena cortorta*, *Faecalicatena orotica*, *Flavobacterium previae*, *Hungatella effluvii*, *Enteromonas butyrate-producing*, *Enteromonas masei*, *Lactobacillus longiformis*, *Lawsonia spp. sp7*, *Massilimaliae*. timonensis, Murimonas intestini, Niameybacter sp1, Ruminococciaceae NG13 sp6, or Turicibacter sanguinis.

[0015] In some respects, treatment of a disease or condition related to solid organ transplantation includes (i) reducing the incidence of infection or preventing said infection in the subject, (ii) alleviating or preventing symptoms of a disease or condition related to solid organ transplantation in the subject, or (iii) both of (i) and (ii). In some respects, solid organ transplantation includes liver transplantation.

[0016] For any of the methods provided herein, in some aspects, the first and / or second species are selected from *Clostridium perfringens*, *Clostridium difficile*, *Flavobacterium previae*, *Brutella sphaeroides*, *Anaerobic cocci*, *Murimonas intestini*, *Clostridium erysipelas*, *Faecalicatena orotica*, *Clostridium auderii*, or *Eisenberger thyrifolium*. In some aspects, the multiple bacteria include each of the following: *Clostridium perfringens*, *Clostridium difficile*, *Flavobacterium previae*, *Brutella sphaeroides*, *Anaerobic cocci*, *Murimonas intestini*, *Clostridium erysipelas*, *Faecalicatena orotica*, *Clostridium auderii*, and *Eisenberger thyrifolium*.

[0017] In some respects, multiple bacteria also include *Timonis Emergency*. In some respects, multiple bacteria also include butyrate-producing *Enteromonas*. In some respects, multiple bacteria also include *Clostridium symbioticum*. In some respects, multiple bacteria also include *Clostridium scintillans*. In some respects, multiple bacteria also include *Faecalicatena cortorta*. In some respects, multiple bacteria also include *Lycoccus ovalis*. In some respects, multiple bacteria also include *Massilimaliae timonensis*. In some respects, multiple bacteria also include *Hungatella effluvii*. In some respects, multiple bacteria also include *Butycoccus* sp2. In some respects, multiple bacteria also include *Enteromonas masei*. In some respects, multiple bacteria also include *Niameybacter spl*. In some respects, multiple bacteria also include *Turicibacter sanguinis*. In some respects, multiple bacteria also include *Ruminococcus* NG13 sp6. In some respects, multiple bacteria also include *Doremia longiformis*. In some respects, multiple bacteria also include *Broutella ovalis*. In some respects, the bacteria also include *Lawsonia* spp._sp7. In some respects, the bacteria also include *Brutella humanis*. In some respects, the bacteria also include *Brutella westermani*. In some respects, the bacteria also include *Eubacterium jirovecii*.

[0018] In some respects, a variety of bacteria comprise, are substantially composed of, or are composed of the following bacterial species: (a) (1) Clostridium perfringens, (2) Clostridium difficile, (3) Flavobacterium previae, (4) *Brutella sphaeroides*, (5) *Anaerobic cocci*, (6) *Murimonas in testini*, (7) *Clostridium erythropoiesis*, (8) *Faecalicatena orotica*, (9) *Temonis emergency*, (10) *Clostridium auderii*, (11) *Enteromonas butyrate-producing*, (12) *Eisenberger thyrifolia*, (13) *Clostridium symbioticum*, and (14) *Clostridium scintillans*; (b) (1) Clostridium perfringens, (2) Clostridium difficile, (3) Flavobacterium previae, (4) *Brutella sphaeroides*, (5) *Anaerobic cocci*, (6) *Murimonas intestini*, (7) *Clostridium erythropoiesis*, (8) *Faecalicatena orotica*. (c) (1) Clostridium orotica, (9) Clostridium orotica, (10) Butyrate-producing Enterococcus, (11) Eisenberger thyrifolium, (12) Clostridium symbioticum, (13) Clostridium scintillans and (14) Timones emergency bacterium; (c) (1) Harmless Clostridium, (2) Clostridium difficile, (3) Flavobacterium previae, (4) Brutonella sphaeroides, (5) Anaerobic cocci, (6) Murimonas intestini, (7) Clostridium erysipelas, (8) Faecalicatena orotica, (9) Clostridium orotica, (10) Butyrate-producing Enterococcus, (11) Eisenberger thyrifolium, (12) Clostridium symbioticum, (13) Clostridium scintillans, (14) Timones emergency bacterium, (15) Faecalicatena cortorta, (16) Elastobacterium ovale and (17) Ruminococci NG13 sp6; (d)(1) harmless Clostridium, (2) Clostridium difficile, (3) Flavobacterium previae, (4) Brutonella spp., (5) Anaerobic cocci, (6) Murimonas intestini, (7) Clostridium erysipelas, (8) Faecalicatena orotica, (9) Clostridium orotica, (10) Butyrate-producing Enterococcus, (11) Eisenbergella tiezoectii, (12) symbiotic Clostridium, (13) Clostridium scintillans, (14) Timones emergency bacterium, (15) Faecalicatena cortorta, (16) Elastobacterium ovale, (17) Massilimaliae timonensis, (18) Hungatella effluvii and (19) Butyrate-producing cocci sp2;(e)(1) harmless Clostridium, (2) Clostridium difficile, (3) Flavobacterium previae, (4) Brutonella sphaeroides, (5) Anaerobic cocci, (6) Murimonas intestini, (7) Clostridium erysipelas, (8) Faecalicatena orotica, (9) Clostridium auderii, (10) Butyrate-producing Enterococcus, (11) Eisenbergella tylis, (12) symbiotic Clostridium, (13) Clostridium scintillans, (14) Timones emergency bacterium, (15) Faecalicatena cortorta, (16) Elastobacterium ovoidis, (17) Massilimaliae timonensis, (18) Hungatella effluvii, (19) Butyrate-producing Cocci sp2, (20) Enterococcus masei, (21) Niameybacter sp1 and (22) Turicibacter sanguinis; (f)(1) harmless Clostridium, (2) Clostridium difficile, (3) Flavobacterium previae, (4) *Brutella sphaeroides*, (5) *Anaerobic cocci*, (6) *Murimonas intestini*, (7) *Clostridium erythropoiesis*, (8) *Faecalicatena orotica*, (9) *Temonis emergency*, (10) *Clostridium auderii*, (11) *Eisenberger thyrifolium*, (12) *Dorebrospina longis* and (13) *Brutella ovalis*; (g)(1) harmless Clostridium, (2) Clostridium difficile, (3) Flavobacterium previae, (4) *Brutella sphaeroides*, (5) *Anaerobic cocci*, (6) *Murimonas intestini*, (7) *Clostridium erythropoiesis*, (8) *Faecalicatena orotica* orotica, (9) Clostridium orotica, (10) butyrate-producing Enterococcus, (11) Eisenberger thyrifolium, (12) symbiotic Clostridium, (13) scintillans, (14) Timones Emergency, (15) Broutella ovalis and (16) Lawsonia sp. 7; (h) (1) harmless Clostridium, (2) Clostridium difficile, (3) Flavobacterium previae, (4) Broutella spp., (5) Anaerobic cocci, (6) Murimonas intestini, (7) Clostridium erythropoiesis, (8) Faecalicatena orotica, (9) Clostridium orotica, (10) butyrate-producing Enterococcus, (11) Eisenberger thyrifolium, (12) symbiotic Clostridium, (13) scintillans, (14) Timones Emergency, (15) Faecalicatena Cortorta, (16) long oval lactone-producing bacteria, (17) Ruminococcus family NG13 sp6, (18) Broutella ovalis and (19) Lawsonella sp7;(i)(1) harmless Clostridium, (2) Clostridium difficile, (3) Flavobacterium previae, (4) *Brutella sphaeroides*, (5) *Anaerobic cocci*, (6) *Murimonas intestini*, (7) *Clostridium erythropoiesis*, (8) *Faecalicatena orotica*, (9) *Clostridium auderii*, (10) *Enteromonas butyrate-producing*, (11) *Eisenbergia tessmannii*, (12) *Clostridium symbioticum* and (13) *Temonis emergency*; (j)(1) harmless Clostridium, (2) *Clostridium difficile*, (3) *Flavobacterium previae*, (4) *Brutella sphaeroides*, (5) *Anaerobic cocci*, (6) *Murimonas intestini*, (7) *Clostridium erythropoiesis*, (8) *Faecalicatena orotica*. orotica, (9) Clostridium orotica, (10) butyrate-producing Enterococcus, (11) Eisenberger thyrifolium, (12) symbiotic Clostridium, (13) scintillans, (14) Timones emergency bacterium, (15) Faecalicatena cortorta, (16) long oval lactone-producing bacterium, (17) Enterococcus masei, (18) Niameybacters p1 and (19) Turicibacter sanguinis; or (k) (1) harmless Clostridium, (2) Clostridium difficile, (3) Flavobacterium previae, (4) Broutella humanis, (5) anaerobic cocci, (6) Murimonas intestini, (7) Clostridium difficile, (8) Faecalicatena (9) *Timonis Emergency*, (10) *Clostridium orotica*, (11) *Eisenberger thyrifolium*, (12) *Clostridium scintillans*, (13) *Dorebrospina*, (14) *Brutella ovalis*, (15) *Brutella wechslerae*, and (16) *Eubacterium karyotes*.

[0019] In some respects, (a) *Anaerobic cocci* of the colon contains a 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 5, SEQ ID NO: 79, SEQ ID NO: 80, or SEQ ID NO: 81; (b) *Brutella broodii* contains a 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 4, SEQ ID NO: 74, SEQ ID NO: 75, SEQ ID NO: 76, SEQ ID NO: 77, or SEQ ID NO: 78; (c) *Brutella human* contains a 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 29, SEQ ID NO: 32, SEQ ID NO: 33, SEQ ID NO: 34, SEQ ID NO: 35, SEQ ID NO: 36, or SEQ ID NO: 81. (d) *Broutella ovalis* contains a 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 26, SEQ ID NO: 158, SEQ ID NO: 159, SEQ ID NO: 160, SEQ ID NO: 161, SEQ ID NO: 162, or SEQ ID NO: 163; (e) *Broutella vesicatoria* contains a 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 37, SEQ ID NO: 38, SEQ ID NO: 39, SEQ ID NO: 40, SEQ ID NO: 41, SEQ ID NO: 42, SEQ ID NO: 43, SEQ ID NO: 44, SEQ ID NO: 166, SEQ ID NO: 167, or SEQ ID NO: 163. (f) The sequences shown in SEQ ID NO: 168, SEQ ID NO: 169, SEQ ID NO: 170, SEQ ID NO: 171 or SEQ ID NO: 172 have at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98% or at least about 99% sequence identity;(g) *Clostridium auderii* contains a 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 10, SEQ ID NO: 100, SEQ ID NO: 101, SEQ ID NO: 102, SEQ ID NO: 103, or SEQ ID NO: 104; (h) *Clostridium difficile* contains a 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 2, SEQ ID NO: 66, SEQ ID NO: 67, SEQ ID NO: 68, SEQ ID NO: 69, or SEQ ID NO: 70; (i) *Clostridium perfringens* contains a 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 1, SEQ ID NO: 61, SEQ ID NO: 62, SEQ ID NO: 63, SEQ ID NO: 64, or SEQ ID NO: 70. (j) Clostridium scintillans contains a 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 14, SEQ ID NO: 111, SEQ ID NO: 112, SEQ ID NO: 113, or SEQ ID NO: 114; (k) Clostridium symbioticae contains a 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 13 or SEQ ID NO: 110; (1) Dorebrospina longis contains a 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 13 or SEQ ID NO: 110; The sequences shown in SEQ ID NO: 53, SEQ ID NO: 54, SEQ ID NO: 55, SEQ ID NO: 56, SEQ ID NO: 57, SEQ ID NO: 58, SEQ ID NO: 59, SEQ ID NO: 60, SEQ ID NO: 152, SEQ ID NO: 153, SEQ ID NO: 154, SEQ ID NO: 155, SEQ ID NO: 156 or SEQ ID NO: 157 are 16S rDNA sequences having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98% or at least about 99% sequence identity.(m) *Eisenberger tympani* contains a 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 12, SEQ ID NO: 106, SEQ ID NO: 107, SEQ ID NO: 108, or SEQ ID NO: 109; (n) *Timonis Emergency* contains a 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 9, SEQ ID NO: 97, SEQ ID NO: 98, SEQ ID NO: 99, SEQ ID NO: 15, SEQ ID NO: 115, or SEQ ID NO: 116; (o) *Clostridium erythropoiesis* contains a 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 7, SEQ ID NO: 87, SEQ ID NO: 88, SEQ ID NO: 89, SEQ ID NO: 90, or SEQ ID NO: 116; The sequence shown in NO: 91 has at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity; (p) *Faecalicatena cortorta* contains a 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 31, SEQ ID NO: 45, SEQ ID NO: 46, SEQ ID NO: 47, SEQ ID NO: 48, SEQ ID NO: 49, SEQ ID NO: 173, SEQ ID NO: 174, SEQ ID NO: 175, SEQ ID NO: 176, or SEQ ID NO: 177; (q) *Faecalicatena cortorta* contains a 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 16, SEQ ID NO: 117, SEQ ID NO: 118, SEQ ID NO: 119, or SEQ ID NO: 91. The sequence shown in NO: 120 has at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the 16S rDNA sequence; (r)Faecalicatena orotica contains a 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 8, SEQ ID NO: 92, SEQ ID NO: 93, SEQ ID NO: 94, SEQ ID NO: 95, or SEQ ID NO: 96.(s) *Flavobacterium previatum* contains a 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 3, SEQ ID NO: 71, SEQ ID NO: 72, or SEQ ID NO: 73; (t) *Hungatella effluvia* contains a 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 19, SEQ ID NO: 126, SEQ ID NO: 127, SEQ ID NO: 128, SEQ ID NO: 129, SEQ ID NO: 130, or SEQ ID NO: 131; (u) *Enteromonas butyrate-producing* contains a 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 11, SEQ ID NO: 73, or SEQ ID NO: 74, SEQ ID NO: 75, SEQ ID NO: 76, SEQ ID NO: 77, SEQ ID NO: 72, or SEQ ID NO: 73. (v) Enteromonas masei contains a 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 21 or SEQ ID NO: 133; (w) Lactobacillus longiflora contains a 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 17, SEQ ID NO: 121, SEQ ID NO: 122, SEQ ID NO: 123, SEQ ID NO: 124, SEQ ID NO: 28, or SEQ ID NO: 165; (x) Lawsonia spp. sp7 contains a 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 105; The sequence shown in NO: 27 or SEQ ID NO: 164 has at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity; (y)Massilimaliae timonensis contains a 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 18 or SEQ ID NO: 125.(z) Murimonas intestini contains a 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequences shown in SEQ ID NO: 6, SEQ ID NO: 82, SEQ ID NO: 83, SEQ ID NO: 84, SEQ ID NO: 85, or SEQ ID NO: 86; (aa) Niameybacter sp1 contains a 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequences shown in SEQ ID NO: 22 or SEQ ID NO: 134; (bb) Ruminococcus NG13 sp6 contains a 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequences shown in SEQ ID NO: 24, SEQ ID NO: 149, SEQ ID NO: 150, or SEQ ID NO: 86. The sequence shown in NO: 151 has at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with a 16S rDNA sequence; or (cc)Turicibacter sanguinis comprises a 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 23, SEQ ID NO: 135, SEQ ID NO: 136, SEQ ID NO: 137, SEQ ID NO: 138, SEQ ID NO: 139, SEQ ID NO: 140, SEQ ID NO: 141, SEQ ID NO: 142, SEQ ID NO: 143, SEQ ID NO: 144, SEQ ID NO: 145, SEQ ID NO: 146, SEQ ID NO: 147, or SEQ ID NO: 148.

[0020] In some respects, (a) *Anaerobic cocci* of the colon contains the 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 5, SEQ ID NO: 79, SEQ ID NO: 80, or SEQ ID NO: 81; (b) *Brutella broodii* contains the 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 4, SEQ ID NO: 74, SEQ ID NO: 75, SEQ ID NO: 76, SEQ ID NO: 77, or SEQ ID NO: 78; (c) *Brutella human* contains the 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 29, SEQ ID NO: 32, SEQ ID NO: 33, SEQ ID NO: 34, SEQ ID NO: 35, SEQ ID NO: 36, or SEQ ID NO: 37; (rD) *Brutella ovalis* contains the 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 26, SEQ ID NO: 158, SEQ ID NO: 159, SEQ ID NO: 160, SEQ ID NO: 161, SEQ ID NO: 162, or SEQ ID NO: 163. (e) *Broutella vesicatoria* containing the 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 30, SEQ ID NO: 38, SEQ ID NO: 39, SEQ ID NO: 40, SEQ ID NO: 41, SEQ ID NO: 42, SEQ ID NO: 43, SEQ ID NO: 44, SEQ ID NO: 166, SEQ ID NO: 167, SEQ ID NO: 168, SEQ ID NO: 169, SEQ ID NO: 170, SEQ ID NO: 171 or SEQ ID NO: 172; (f) *Butylococcus* sp2 containing the 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 20 or SEQ ID NO: 132; (g) *Clostridium auderii* containing the 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 10, SEQ ID NO: 100, SEQ ID NO: 101, SEQ ID NO: 102, SEQ ID NO: 103 or SEQ ID NO: 104; (h) *Clostridium difficile* containing the SEQ ID NO: 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 100, SEQ ID NO: 101, SEQ ID NO: 102, SEQ ID NO: 103 or SEQ ID NO: 104. (i) The harmless Clostridium contains the 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 22 or SEQ ID NO: 134;(j) *Clostridium scintillans* contains the 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 14, SEQ ID NO: 111, SEQ ID NO: 112, SEQ ID NO: 113 or SEQ ID NO: 114; (k) *Clostridium symbioticum* contains the 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 13 or SEQ ID NO: 110; (m) *Dorreia longiformis* contains the 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 25, SEQ ID NO: 50, SEQ ID NO: 51, SEQ ID NO: 52, SEQ ID NO: 53, SEQ ID NO: 54, SEQ ID NO: 55, SEQ ID NO: 56, SEQ ID NO: 57, SEQ ID NO: 58, SEQ ID NO: 59, SEQ ID NO: 60, SEQ ID NO: 152, SEQ ID NO: 153, SEQ ID NO: 154, SEQ ID NO: 155, SEQ ID NO: 156 or SEQ ID NO: 157; (m) *Eisenbergella typhimurium* contains the SEQ ID NO: 14, SEQ ID NO: 111, SEQ ID NO: 112, SEQ ID NO: 113 or SEQ ID NO: 114; (n) *Temonis Emergency* containing the 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 12, SEQ ID NO: 106, SEQ ID NO: 107, SEQ ID NO: 108 or SEQ ID NO: 109; (n) *Temonis Emergency* containing the 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 9, SEQ ID NO: 97, SEQ ID NO: 98, SEQ ID NO: 99, SEQ ID NO: 15, SEQ ID NO: 115 or SEQ ID NO: 116; (o) *Clostridium erythropoiesis* containing the 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 7, SEQ ID NO: 87, SEQ ID NO: 88, SEQ ID NO: 89, SEQ ID NO: 90 or SEQ ID NO: 91; (p) *Eubacterium karyotes* containing the 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 31, SEQ ID NO: 45, SEQ ID NO: 46, SEQ ID NO: 47, SEQ ID NO: 48, SEQ ID NO: 49, SEQ ID NO: 173, SEQ ID NO: 174, SEQ ID NO: 109. (q)Faecalicatena cortorta contains the 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 175, SEQ ID NO: 176 or SEQ ID NO: 177;(r) *Faecalicatena orotica* contains the 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 8, SEQ ID NO: 92, SEQ ID NO: 93, SEQ ID NO: 94, SEQ ID NO: 95, or SEQ ID NO: 96; (s) *Flavobacterium previatum* contains the 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 3, SEQ ID NO: 71, SEQ ID NO: 72, or SEQ ID NO: 73; (t) *Hungatella effluvia* contains the 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 19, SEQ ID NO: 126, SEQ ID NO: 127, SEQ ID NO: 128, SEQ ID NO: 129, SEQ ID NO: 130, or SEQ ID NO: 131; (u) *Enteromonas butyrate-producing* contains the 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 11 or SEQ ID NO: 105; (v) *Enteromonas masei* contains the 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 21 or SEQ ID NO: 96. (w) *Lactobacillus longiflorus* contains the 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 133; (x) *Lactobacillus* sp7 contains the 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 27 or SEQ ID NO: 164; (y) *Massilimalia etimonensis* contains the 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 18 or SEQ ID NO: 125; (z) *Murimonas intestini* contains the 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 6, SEQ ID NO: 82, SEQ ID NO: 83, SEQ ID NO: 84, SEQ ID NO: 85 or SEQ ID NO: 86; (aa) *Niameybacter* sp1 contains the 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 22 or SEQ ID NO: 165. The 16S rDNA sequence shown in NO: 134; (bb) Ruminococcus NG13 sp6 contains the 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 24, SEQ ID NO: 149, SEQ ID NO: 150 or SEQ ID NO: 151;Or (cc)Turicibacter sanguinis contains the 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 23, SEQ ID NO: 135, SEQ ID NO: 136, SEQ ID NO: 137, SEQ ID NO: 138, SEQ ID NO: 139, SEQ ID NO: 140, SEQ ID NO: 141, SEQ ID NO: 142, SEQ ID NO: 143, SEQ ID NO: 144, SEQ ID NO: 145, SEQ ID NO: 146, SEQ ID NO: 147, or SEQ ID NO: 148.

[0021] In some respects, this document provides a method for treating chronic liver disease in a subject of need, the method comprising administering to the subject a composition comprising a first bacterial species and a second bacterial species, wherein the first species and the second species are not identical, and wherein the first species and the second species independently comprise, with respect to, SEQ ID NO: 5, SEQ ID NO: 79, SEQ ID NO: 80, SEQ ID NO: 81, SEQ ID NO: 4, SEQ ID NO: 74, SEQ ID NO: 75, SEQ ID NO: 76, SEQ ID NO: 77, SEQ ID NO: 78, SEQ ID NO: 26, SEQ ID NO: 158, SEQ ID NO: 159, SEQ ID NO: 160, SEQ ID NO: 161, SEQ ID NO: 162, SEQ ID NO: 163, SEQ ID NO: 20, SEQ ID NO: 132, SEQ ID NO: 10, SEQ ID NO: 100, SEQ ID NO: 101, SEQ ID NO: 10266, SEQ ID NO: 10367, SEQ ID NO: 10468, SEQ ID NO: 79, SEQ ID NO: 80, SEQ ID NO: 81, SEQ ID NO: 4, SEQ ID NO: 74, SEQ ID NO: 75, SEQ ID NO: 76, SEQ ID NO: 77, SEQ ID NO: 78, SEQ ID NO: 26, SEQ ID NO: 158, SEQ ID NO: 159, SEQ ID NO: 160, SEQ ID NO: 161, SEQ ID NO: 162, SEQ ID NO: 163, SEQ ID NO: 20, SEQ ID NO: 132, SEQ ID NO: 10, SEQ ID NO: 100, SEQ ID NO: 101, SEQ ID ID NO: 69, SEQ ID NO: 70, SEQ ID NO: 1, SEQ ID NO: 61, SEQ ID NO: 62, SEQ ID NO: 63, SEQ ID NO: 64, SEQ ID NO: 65, SEQ ID NO: 14, SEQ ID NO: 111, SEQ ID NO: 112, SEQ ID NO: 113, SEQ ID NO: 114, SEQ ID NO: 13, SEQ ID NO: 110, SEQ ID NO: 25, SEQ ID NO: 50, SEQ ID NO: 51, SEQ ID NO: 52, SEQ ID NO: 53, SEQ ID NO: 54, SEQ ID NO: 55, SEQ ID NO: 56, SEQ ID NO: 57, SEQ ID NO: 58, SEQ ID NO: 59, SEQ ID NO: 60, SEQ ID NO: 152, SEQ ID NO: 153, SEQ ID NO: 154, SEQ ID NO: 155, SEQ ID NO: 156, SEQ ID NO: 157, SEQ ID NO: 12, SEQ ID NO: 106, SEQ ID NO: 107, SEQ ID NO: 108, SEQ ID NO: 109, SEQ ID NO: 9, SEQ ID NO: 97, SEQ ID NO: 98, SEQ IDNO:99、SEQ ID NO:15、SEQ ID NO:115、SEQ IDNO:116、SEQ ID NO:7、SEQ ID NO:87、SEQ ID NO:88、SEQ ID NO:89、SEQ ID NO:90、SEQ IDNO:91、SEQ ID NO:16、SEQ ID NO:117、SEQ ID NO:118、SEQ ID NO:119、SEQ ID NO:120、SEQ ID NO:8、SEQ ID NO:92、SEQ ID NO:93、SEQ ID NO:94、SEQ ID NO:95、SEQ ID NO:96、SEQ ID NO:3、SEQ ID NO:71、SEQ ID NO:72、SEQ ID NO:73、SEQ ID NO:19、SEQ ID NO:126、SEQ ID NO:127、SEQ ID NO:128、SEQ ID NO:129、SEQ ID NO:130、SEQ ID NO:131、SEQID NO:11、SEQ ID NO:105、SEQ ID NO:21、SEQ ID NO:133、SEQ ID NO:17、SEQ ID NO:121、SEQ ID NO:122、SEQ ID NO:123、SEQ ID NO:124、SEQ ID NO:28、SEQ ID NO:27、SEQ IDNO:164、SEQ ID NO:18、SEQ ID NO:125、SEQ ID NO:6、SEQ ID NO:82、SEQ ID NO:83、SEQID NO:84、SEQ ID NO:85、SEQ ID NO:86、SEQ ID NO:22、SEQ ID NO:134、SEQ ID NO:24、SEQ ID NO:149、SEQ ID NO:150、SEQ ID NO:151、SEQ ID NO:23、SEQ ID NO:135、SEQ IDNO:136、SEQ ID NO:137、SEQ ID NO:138、SEQ ID NO:139、SEQ ID NO:140、SEQ ID NO:141、SEQ ID NO:142、SEQ ID NO:143、SEQ ID NO:144、SEQ ID NO:145、SEQ ID NO:146、SEQ IDNO:147、SEQ ID NO:148、SEQ ID NO:29、SEQ ID NO:32、SEQID NO: 33, SEQ ID NO: 34, SEQ ID NO: 35, SEQ ID NO: 36 or SEQ ID NO: 37, SEQ ID NO: 30, SEQ ID NO: 38, SEQ ID NO: 39, SEQ ID NO: 40, SEQ ID NO: 41, SEQ ID NO: 42, SEQ ID NO: 43, SEQ ID NO: 44, SEQ ID NO: 166, SEQ ID NO: 167, SEQ ID NO: 168, SEQ ID NO: 169, SEQ ID NO: 170, SEQ ID NO: 171, SEQ ID NO: 172, SEQ ID NO: 31, SEQ ID NO: 45, SEQ ID NO: 46, SEQ ID NO: 47, SEQ ID NO: 48, SEQ ID NO: 49, SEQ ID NO: 173, SEQ ID NO: 174, SEQ ID NO: 175, SEQ ID NO: 176 or SEQ The sequence shown in any of IDNO: 177 is a 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity.

[0022] In some aspects, this document provides a method for treating neutropenia in a subject of need, the method comprising administering to the subject a composition comprising a first bacterial species and a second bacterial species, wherein the first species and the second species are not identical, and wherein the first species and the second species independently comprise SEQ ID NO: 5, SEQ ID NO: 79, SEQ ID NO: 80, SEQ ID NO: 81, SEQ ID NO: 4, SEQ ID NO: 74, SEQ ID NO: 75, SEQ ID NO: 76, SEQ ID NO: 77, SEQ ID NO: 78, SEQ ID NO: 26, SEQ ID NO: 158, SEQ ID NO: 159, SEQ ID NO: 160, SEQ ID NO: 161, SEQ ID NO: 162, SEQ ID NO: 163, SEQ ID NO: 20, SEQ ID NO: 132, SEQ ID NO: 10, SEQ ID NO: 100, SEQ ID NO: 101, SEQ ID NO: 10266, SEQ ID NO: 10367, SEQ ID NO: 10468, SEQ ID NO: 69, SEQ ID NO: 70, SEQ ID NO: 1, SEQ ID NO: 61, SEQ ID NO: 62, SEQ ID NO: 63, SEQ ID NO: 64, SEQ ID NO: 65, SEQ ID NO: 14, SEQ ID NO: 111, SEQ ID NO: 112, SEQ ID NO: 113, SEQ ID NO: 114, SEQ ID NO: 13, SEQ ID NO: 110, SEQ ID NO: 25, SEQ ID NO: 50, SEQ ID NO: 51, SEQ ID NO: 52, SEQ ID NO: 53, SEQ ID NO: 54, SEQ ID NO: 55, SEQ ID NO: 56, SEQ ID NO: 57, SEQ ID NO: 58, SEQ ID NO: 59, SEQ ID NO: 60, SEQ ID NO: 152, SEQ ID NO: 153, SEQ ID NO: 154, SEQ ID NO: 155, SEQ ID NO: 156, SEQ ID NO: 157, SEQ ID NO: 12, SEQ ID NO: 106, SEQ ID NO: 107, SEQ ID NO: 108, SEQ ID NO: 109, SEQ ID NO: 9, SEQ ID NO: 97, SEQ ID NO: 98, SEQ IDNO:99、SEQ ID NO:15、SEQ IDNO:115、SEQ ID NO:116、SEQ ID NO:7、SEQ ID NO:87、SEQ ID NO:88、SEQ ID NO:89、SEQID NO:90、SEQ ID NO:91、SEQ ID NO:16、SEQ ID NO:117、SEQ ID NO:118、SEQ ID NO:119、SEQ ID NO:120、SEQ ID NO:8、SEQ ID NO:92、SEQ ID NO:93、SEQ ID NO:94、SEQ ID NO:95、SEQ ID NO:96、SEQ ID NO:3、SEQ ID NO:71、SEQ ID NO:72、SEQ ID NO:73、SEQ ID NO:19、SEQ ID NO:126、SEQ ID NO:127、SEQ ID NO:128、SEQ ID NO:129、SEQ ID NO:130、SEQID NO:131、SEQ ID NO:11、SEQ ID NO:105、SEQ ID NO:21、SEQ ID NO:133、SEQ ID NO:17、SEQ ID NO:121、SEQ ID NO:122、SEQ ID NO:123、SEQ ID NO:124、SEQ ID NO:28、SEQ IDNO:165、SEQ ID NO:27、SEQ ID NO:164、SEQ ID NO:18、SEQ ID NO:125、SEQ ID NO:6、SEQID NO:82、SEQ ID NO:83、SEQ ID NO:84、SEQ ID NO:85、SEQ ID NO:86、SEQ ID NO:22、SEQID NO:134、SEQ ID NO:24、SEQ ID NO:149、SEQ ID NO:150、SEQ ID NO:151、SEQ ID NO:23、SEQ ID NO:135、SEQ ID NO:136、SEQ ID NO:137、SEQ ID NO:138、SEQ ID NO:139、SEQID NO:140、SEQ ID NO:141、SEQ ID NO:142、SEQ ID NO:143、SEQ ID NO:144、SEQ ID NO:145、SEQ ID NO:146、SEQ ID NO:147、SEQ ID NO:148、SEQ ID NO:29、SEQID NO: 32, SEQ ID NO: 33, SEQ ID NO: 34, SEQ ID NO: 35, SEQ ID NO: 36 or SEQ ID NO: 37, SEQ ID NO: 30, SEQ ID NO: 38, SEQ ID NO: 39, SEQ ID NO: 40, SEQ ID NO: 41, SEQ ID NO: 42, SEQ ID NO: 43, SEQ ID NO: 44, SEQ ID NO: 166, SEQ ID NO: 167, SEQ ID NO: 168, SEQ ID NO: 169, SEQ ID NO: 170, SEQ ID NO: 171, SEQ ID NO: 172, SEQ ID NO: 31, SEQ ID NO: 45, SEQ ID NO: 46, SEQ ID NO: 47, SEQ ID NO: 48, SEQ ID NO: 49, SEQ ID NO: 173, SEQ ID NO: 174, SEQ ID NO: 175, SEQ ID NO: 176 or SEQ ID The sequence shown in any of NO: 177 is a 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity.

[0023] In some respects, this document provides a method for treating a disease or condition related to solid organ transplantation in a subject in need, the method comprising administering to the subject a composition comprising a first bacterial species and a second bacterial species, wherein the first species and the second species are not identical, and wherein the first species and the second species independently comprise SEQ ID NO: 5, SEQ ID NO: 79, SEQ ID NO: 80, SEQ ID NO: 81, SEQ ID NO: 4, SEQ ID NO: 74, SEQ ID NO: 75, SEQ ID NO: 76, SEQ ID NO: 77, SEQ ID NO: 78, SEQ ID NO: 26, SEQ ID NO: 158, SEQ ID NO: 159, SEQ ID NO: 160, SEQ ID NO: 161, SEQ ID NO: 162, SEQ ID NO: 163, SEQ ID NO: 20, SEQ ID NO: 132, SEQ ID NO: 10, SEQ ID NO: 100, SEQ ID NO: 101, SEQ ID NO: 10266, SEQ ID NO: 10367, SEQ ID NO: 10468, SEQ ID NO: 69, SEQ ID NO: 70, SEQ ID NO: 1, SEQ ID NO: 61, SEQ ID NO: 62, SEQ ID NO: 63, SEQ ID NO: 64, SEQ ID NO: 65, SEQ ID NO: 14, SEQ ID NO: 111, SEQ ID NO: 112, SEQ ID NO: 113, SEQ ID NO: 114, SEQ ID NO: 13, SEQ ID NO: 110, SEQ ID NO: 25, SEQ ID NO: 50, SEQ ID NO: 51, SEQ ID NO: 52, SEQ ID NO: 53, SEQ ID NO: 54, SEQ ID NO: 55, SEQ ID NO: 56, SEQ ID NO: 57, SEQ ID NO: 58, SEQ ID NO: 59, SEQ ID NO: 60, SEQ ID NO: 152, SEQ ID NO: 153, SEQ ID NO: 154, SEQ ID NO: 155, SEQ ID NO: 156, SEQ ID NO: 157, SEQ ID NO: 12, SEQ ID NO: 106, SEQ ID NO: 107, SEQ ID NO: 108, SEQ ID NO: 109, SEQ ID NO: 9, SEQ ID NO: 97, SEQ IDNO:98、SEQ ID NO:99、SEQID NO:15、SEQ ID NO:115、SEQ ID NO:116、SEQ ID NO:7、SEQ ID NO:87、SEQ ID NO:88、SEQ ID NO:89、SEQ ID NO:90、SEQ ID NO:91、SEQ ID NO:16、SEQ ID NO:117、SEQ ID NO:118、SEQ ID NO:119、SEQ ID NO:120、SEQ ID NO:8、SEQ ID NO:92、SEQ ID NO:93、SEQ IDNO:94、SEQ ID NO:95、SEQ ID NO:96、SEQ ID NO:3、SEQ ID NO:71、SEQ ID NO:72、SEQ IDNO:73、SEQ ID NO:19、SEQ ID NO:126、SEQ ID NO:127、SEQ ID NO:128、SEQ ID NO:129、SEQ ID NO:130、SEQ ID NO:131、SEQ ID NO:11、SEQ ID NO:105、SEQ ID NO:21、SEQ IDNO:133、SEQ ID NO:17、SEQ ID NO:121、SEQ ID NO:122、SEQ ID NO:123、SEQ ID NO:124、SEQ ID NO:28、SEQ ID NO:165、SEQ ID NO:27、SEQ ID NO:164、SEQ ID NO:18、SEQ ID NO:125、SEQ ID NO:6、SEQ ID NO:82、SEQ ID NO:83、SEQ ID NO:84、SEQ ID NO:85、SEQ IDNO:86、SEQ ID NO:22、SEQ ID NO:134、SEQ ID NO:24、SEQ ID NO:149、SEQ ID NO:150、SEQID NO:151、SEQ ID NO:23、SEQ ID NO:135、SEQ ID NO:136、SEQ ID NO:137、SEQ ID NO:138、SEQ ID NO:139、SEQ ID NO:140、SEQ ID NO:141、SEQ ID NO:142、SEQ ID NO:143、SEQID NO:144、SEQ ID NO:145、SEQ ID NO:146、SEQ ID NO:147、SEQ ID NO:148、SEQID NO: 29, SEQ ID NO: 32, SEQ ID NO: 33, SEQ ID NO: 34, SEQ ID NO: 35, SEQ ID NO: 36 or SEQ ID NO: 37, SEQ ID NO: 30, SEQ ID NO: 38, SEQ ID NO: 39, SEQ ID NO: 40, SEQ ID NO: 41, SEQ ID NO: 42, SEQ ID NO: 43, SEQ ID NO: 44, SEQ ID NO: 166, SEQ ID NO: 167, SEQ ID NO: 168, SEQ ID NO: 169, SEQ ID NO: 170, SEQ ID NO: 171, SEQ ID NO: 172, SEQ ID NO: 31, SEQ ID NO: 45, SEQ ID NO: 46, SEQ ID NO: 47, SEQ ID NO: 48, SEQ ID NO: 49, SEQ ID NO: 173, SEQ ID NO: 174, SEQ ID NO: 175, SEQ ID NO: 176 or SEQ ID The sequence shown in any of NO: 177 is a 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity.

[0024] In some respects, this document provides a method for treating a disease or condition related to solid organ transplantation in a subject in need, the method comprising administering to the subject a composition comprising a first bacterial species and a second bacterial species, wherein the first species and the second species are not identical, and wherein the first species and the second species independently comprise SEQ ID NO: 5, SEQ ID NO: 79, SEQ ID NO: 80, SEQ ID NO: 81, SEQ ID NO: 4, SEQ ID NO: 74, SEQ ID NO: 75, SEQ ID NO: 76, SEQ ID NO: 77, SEQ ID NO: 78, SEQ ID NO: 26, SEQ ID NO: 158, SEQ ID NO: 159, SEQ ID NO: 160, SEQ ID NO: 161, SEQ ID NO: 162, SEQ ID NO: 163, SEQ ID NO: 20, SEQ ID NO: 132, SEQ ID NO: 10, SEQ ID NO: 100, SEQ ID NO: 101, SEQ ID NO: 10266, SEQ ID NO: 10367, SEQ ID NO: 10468, SEQ ID NO: 69, SEQ ID NO: 70, SEQ ID NO: 1, SEQ ID NO: 61, SEQ ID NO: 62, SEQ ID NO: 63, SEQ ID NO: 64, SEQ ID NO: 65, SEQ ID NO: 14, SEQ ID NO: 111, SEQ ID NO: 112, SEQ ID NO: 113, SEQ ID NO: 114, SEQ ID NO: 13, SEQ ID NO: 110, SEQ ID NO: 25, SEQ ID NO: 50, SEQ ID NO: 51, SEQ ID NO: 52, SEQ ID NO: 53, SEQ ID NO: 54, SEQ ID NO: 55, SEQ ID NO: 56, SEQ ID NO: 57, SEQ ID NO: 58, SEQ ID NO: 59, SEQ ID NO: 60, SEQ ID NO: 152, SEQ ID NO: 153, SEQ ID NO: 154, SEQ ID NO: 155, SEQ ID NO: 156, SEQ ID NO: 157, SEQ ID NO: 12, SEQ ID NO: 106, SEQ ID NO: 107, SEQ ID NO: 108, SEQ ID NO: 109, SEQ ID NO: 9, SEQ ID NO: 97, SEQ IDNO:98、SEQ ID NO:99、SEQID NO:15、SEQ ID NO:115、SEQ ID NO:116、SEQ ID NO:7、SEQ ID NO:87、SEQ ID NO:88、SEQ ID NO:89、SEQ ID NO:90、SEQ ID NO:91、SEQ ID NO:16、SEQ ID NO:117、SEQ ID NO:118、SEQ ID NO:119、SEQ ID NO:120、SEQ ID NO:8、SEQ ID NO:92、SEQ ID NO:93、SEQ IDNO:94、SEQ ID NO:95、SEQ ID NO:96、SEQ ID NO:3、SEQ ID NO:71、SEQ ID NO:72、SEQ IDNO:73、SEQ ID NO:19、SEQ ID NO:126、SEQ ID NO:127、SEQ ID NO:128、SEQ ID NO:129、SEQ ID NO:130、SEQ ID NO:131、SEQ ID NO:11、SEQ ID NO:105、SEQ ID NO:21、SEQ IDNO:133、SEQ ID NO:17、SEQ ID NO:121、SEQ ID NO:122、SEQ ID NO:123、SEQ ID NO:124、SEQ ID NO:28、SEQ ID NO:165、SEQ ID NO:27、SEQ ID NO:164、SEQ ID NO:18、SEQ ID NO:125、SEQ ID NO:6、SEQ ID NO:82、SEQ ID NO:83、SEQ ID NO:84、SEQ ID NO:85、SEQ IDNO:86、SEQ ID NO:22、SEQ ID NO:134、SEQ ID NO:24、SEQ ID NO:149、SEQ ID NO:150、SEQID NO:151、SEQ ID NO:23、SEQ ID NO:135、SEQ ID NO:136、SEQ ID NO:137、SEQ ID NO:138、SEQ ID NO:139、SEQ ID NO:140、SEQ ID NO:141、SEQ ID NO:142、SEQ ID NO:143、SEQID NO:144、SEQ ID NO:145、SEQ ID NO:146、SEQ ID NO:147、SEQ ID NO:148、SEQID NO: 29, SEQ ID NO: 32, SEQ ID NO: 33, SEQ ID NO: 34, SEQ ID NO: 35, SEQ ID NO: 36 or SEQ ID NO: 37, SEQ ID NO: 30, SEQ ID NO: 38, SEQ ID NO: 39, SEQ ID NO: 40, SEQ ID NO: 41, SEQ ID NO: 42, SEQ ID NO: 43, SEQ ID NO: 44, SEQ ID NO: 166, SEQ ID NO: 167, SEQ ID NO: 168, SEQ ID NO: 169, SEQ ID NO: 170, SEQ ID NO: 171, SEQ ID NO: 172, SEQ ID NO: 31, SEQ ID NO: 45, SEQ ID NO: 46, SEQ ID NO: 47, SEQ ID NO: 48, SEQ ID NO: 49, SEQ ID NO: 173, SEQ ID NO: 174, SEQ ID NO: 175, SEQ ID NO: 176 or SEQ ID The sequence shown in any of NO: 177 is a 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity.

[0025] For any of the methods provided herein, in some respects, the first species and / or the second species comprises the same as SEQ ID NO: 1, SEQ ID NO: 61, SEQ ID NO: 62, SEQ ID NO: 63, SEQ ID NO: 64, SEQ ID NO: 65, SEQ ID NO: 2, SEQ ID NO: 66, SEQ ID NO: 67, SEQ ID NO: 68, SEQ ID NO: 69, SEQ ID NO: 70, SEQ ID NO: 3, SEQ ID NO: 71, SEQ ID NO: 72, SEQ ID NO: 73, SEQ ID NO: 4, SEQ ID NO: 74, SEQ ID NO: 75, SEQ ID NO: 76, SEQ ID NO: 77, SEQ ID NO: 78, SEQ ID NO: 5, SEQ ID NO: 79, SEQ ID NO: 80, SEQ ID NO: 81, SEQ ID NO: 6, SEQ ID NO: 82, SEQ ID NO: 83, SEQ ID NO: 84, SEQ ID NO: 85, SEQ ID NO: 86, SEQ ID NO: 7, SEQ ID The sequences shown in any one of SEQ ID NO: 87, SEQ ID NO: 88, SEQ ID NO: 89, SEQ ID NO: 90, SEQ ID NO: 91, SEQ ID NO: 8, SEQ ID NO: 92, SEQ ID NO: 93, SEQ ID NO: 94, SEQ ID NO: 95, SEQ ID NO: 96, SEQ ID NO: 10, SEQ ID NO: 100, SEQ ID NO: 101, SEQ ID NO: 102, SEQ ID NO: 103, SEQ ID NO: 104, SEQ ID NO: 12, SEQ ID NO: 106, SEQ ID NO: 107, SEQ ID NO: 108, or SEQ ID NO: 109 are 16S rDDNA sequences having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity. In some respects, various bacteria include each of the following: (a) a 16S rDNA sequence having at least 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 1, SEQ ID NO: 61, SEQ ID NO: 62, SEQ ID NO: 63, SEQ ID NO: 64, or SEQ ID NO: 65.(b) A 16S rDNA sequence having at least 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 2, SEQ ID NO: 66, SEQ ID NO: 67, SEQ ID NO: 68, SEQ ID NO: 69, or SEQ ID NO: 70; (c) A 16S rDNA sequence having at least 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 3, SEQ ID NO: 71, SEQ ID NO: 72, or SEQ ID NO: 73; (d) A 16S rDNA sequence having at least 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 4, SEQ ID NO: 74, SEQ ID NO: 75, SEQ ID NO: 76, SEQ ID NO: 77, or SEQ ID NO: 78. (e) A 16S rDNA sequence having at least 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 5, SEQ ID NO: 79, SEQ ID NO: 80, or SEQ ID NO: 81; (f) A 16S rDNA sequence having at least 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 6, SEQ ID NO: 82, SEQ ID NO: 83, SEQ ID NO: 84, SEQ ID NO: 85, or SEQ ID NO: 86; (g) A 16S rDNA sequence having at least 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 7, SEQ ID NO: 88, SEQ ID NO: 89, or SEQ ID NO: 90, or SEQ ID NO: 81. The 16S rDNA sequence shown in NO: 91 has at least 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity, and (h) has at least 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequences shown in SEQ ID NO: 8, SEQ ID NO: 92, SEQ ID NO: 93, SEQ ID NO: 94, SEQ ID NO: 95, or SEQ ID NO: 96.(i) a 16S rDNA sequence having at least 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequences shown in SEQ ID NO: 10, SEQ ID NO: 100, SEQ ID NO: 101, SEQ ID NO: 102, SEQ ID NO: 103, or SEQ ID NO: 104; and (j) a 16S rDNA sequence having at least 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequences shown in SEQ ID NO: 12, SEQ ID NO: 106, SEQ ID NO: 107, SEQ ID NO: 108, or SEQ ID NO: 109.

[0026] For any of the methods provided herein, in some aspects, various bacteria also include a 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 9, SEQ ID NO: 97, SEQ ID NO: 98, or SEQ ID NO: 99. In some aspects, various bacteria also include a 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 15, SEQ ID NO: 115, or SEQ ID NO: 116. In some aspects, various bacteria also include a 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 11 or SEQ ID NO: 105. In some aspects, various bacteria also contain 16S rDNA sequences having at least 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequences shown in SEQ ID NO: 13 or SEQ ID NO: 110. In some aspects, various bacteria also contain 16S rDNA sequences having at least 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequences shown in SEQ ID NO: 14, SEQ ID NO: 111, SEQ ID NO: 112, SEQ ID NO: 113, or SEQ ID NO: 114. In some aspects, various bacteria also include a 16S rDNA sequence having at least 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequences shown in SEQ ID NO: 16, SEQ ID NO: 117, SEQ ID NO: 118, SEQ ID NO: 119, or SEQ ID NO: 120. In some aspects, various bacteria also include a 16S rDNA sequence having at least 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 17. In some aspects, various bacteria also include a 16S rDNA sequence having at least 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 28. In some respects, various bacteria also contain 16S rDNA sequences that have at least 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequences shown in SEQ ID NO: 18 or SEQ ID NO: 125.In some aspects, various bacteria also contain a 16S rDNA sequence having at least 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 19, SEQ ID NO: 126, SEQ ID NO: 127, SEQ ID NO: 128, SEQ ID NO: 129, SEQ ID NO: 130, or SEQ ID NO: 131. In some aspects, various bacteria also contain a 16S rDNA sequence having at least 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 20 or SEQ ID NO: 132. In some aspects, various bacteria also contain a 16S rDNA sequence having at least 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 21 or SEQ ID NO: 133. In some aspects, various bacteria also contain 16S rDNA sequences having at least 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequences shown in SEQ ID NO: 22 or SEQ ID NO: 134. In some aspects, various bacteria also contain 16S rDNA sequences having at least 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequences shown in SEQ ID NO: 23, SEQ ID NO: 135, SEQ ID NO: 136, SEQ ID NO: 137, SEQ ID NO: 138, SEQ ID NO: 139, SEQ ID NO: 140, SEQ ID NO: 141, SEQ ID NO: 142, SEQ ID NO: 143, SEQ ID NO: 144, SEQ ID NO: 145, SEQ ID NO: 146, SEQ ID NO: 147, or SEQ ID NO: 148. In some respects, various bacteria also contain 16S rDNA sequences having at least 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequences shown in SEQ ID NO: 24, SEQ ID NO: 149, SEQ ID NO: 150, or SEQ ID NO: 151.For any of the methods provided herein, in some respects, various bacteria also contain a 16S rDDNA sequence having at least 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequences shown in SEQ ID NO: 25, SEQ ID NO: 50, SEQ ID NO: 51, SEQ ID NO: 52, SEQ ID NO: 53, SEQ ID NO: 54, SEQ ID NO: 55, SEQ ID NO: 56, SEQ ID NO: 57, SEQ ID NO: 58, SEQ ID NO: 59, SEQ ID NO: 60, SEQ ID NO: 152, SEQ ID NO: 153, SEQ ID NO: 154, SEQ ID NO: 155, SEQ ID NO: 156, or SEQ ID NO: 157. In some aspects, various bacteria also contain 16S rDNA sequences having at least 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequences shown in SEQ ID NO: 26, SEQ ID NO: 158, SEQ ID NO: 159, SEQ ID NO: 160, SEQ ID NO: 161, SEQ ID NO: 162, or SEQ ID NO: 163. In some aspects, various bacteria also contain 16S rDNA sequences having at least 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequences shown in SEQ ID NO: 27 or SEQ ID NO: 164. In some respects, various bacteria also contain 16S rDNA sequences having at least 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequences shown in SEQ ID NO: 29, SEQ ID NO: 32, SEQ ID NO: 33, SEQ ID NO: 34, SEQ ID NO: 35, SEQ ID NO: 36, or SEQ ID NO: 37.In some respects, various bacteria also contain 16S rDDNA sequences having at least 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequences shown in SEQ ID NO: 30, SEQ ID NO: 38, SEQ ID NO: 39, SEQ ID NO: 40, SEQ ID NO: 41, SEQ ID NO: 42, SEQ ID NO: 43, SEQ ID NO: 44, SEQ ID NO: 166, SEQ ID NO: 167, SEQ ID NO: 168, SEQ ID NO: 169, SEQ ID NO: 170, SEQ ID NO: 171, or SEQ ID NO: 172. In some respects, various bacteria also contain 16S rDNA sequences having at least 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequences shown in SEQ ID NO: 31, SEQ ID NO: 45, SEQ ID NO: 46, SEQ ID NO: 47, SEQ ID NO: 48, SEQ ID NO: 49, SEQ ID NO: 173, SEQ ID NO: 174, SEQ ID NO: 175, SEQ ID NO: 176, or SEQ ID NO: 177.

[0027] For any of the methods provided herein, in some respects, a variety of bacteria comprise, consist of, or are composed of: (a)(1) the 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 1, SEQ ID NO: 61, SEQ ID NO: 62, SEQ ID NO: 63, SEQ ID NO: 64 or SEQ ID NO: 65, (2) the 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 2, SEQ ID NO: 66, SEQ ID NO: 67, SEQ ID NO: 68, SEQ ID NO: 69 or SEQ ID NO: 70, (3) the 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 3, SEQ ID NO: 71, SEQ ID NO: 72 or SEQ ID NO: 73, (4) the 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 4, SEQ ID NO: 74, SEQ ID NO: 75, SEQ ID NO: 76, SEQ ID NO: 77 or SEQ ID NO: 78, (5) the 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 5, SEQ ID NO: 79, SEQ ID NO: 80 or SEQ ID NO: 65. The 16S rDNA sequence shown in NO:81, (6) the 16S rDNA sequences shown in SEQ ID NO:6, SEQ ID NO:82, SEQ ID NO:83, SEQ ID NO:84, SEQ ID NO:85, SEQ ID NO:86, (7) the 16S rDNA sequences shown in SEQ ID NO:7, SEQ ID NO:87, SEQ ID NO:88, SEQ ID NO:89, SEQ ID NO:90 or SEQ ID NO:91, (8) the 16S rDNA sequences shown in SEQ ID NO:8, SEQ ID NO:92, SEQ ID NO:93, SEQ ID NO:94, SEQ ID NO:95 or SEQ ID NO:96, (9) the 16S rDNA sequences shown in SEQ ID NO:9, SEQ ID NO:97, SEQ ID NO:98 or SEQ ID NO:99, (10) the 16S rDNA sequences shown in SEQ ID NO:10, SEQ ID NO:100, SEQ ID NO:101, SEQ ID NO:102, SEQ ID NO:9 ... The 16S rDNA sequence shown in NO: 103 or SEQ ID NO: 104, (11) the 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 11 or SEQ ID NO: 105,(12) The 16S rDNA sequences shown in SEQ ID NO: 12, SEQ ID NO: 106, SEQ ID NO: 107, SEQ ID NO: 108 or SEQ ID NO: 109, (13) The 16S rDNA sequences shown in SEQ ID NO: 13 or SEQ ID NO: 110, (14) The 16S rDNA sequences shown in SEQ ID NO: 14, SEQ ID NO: 111, SEQ ID NO: 112, SEQ ID NO: 113 or SEQ ID NO: 114, and (15) The 16S rDNA sequences shown in SEQ ID NO: 15, SEQ ID NO: 115 or SEQ ID NO: 116; (b) (1) The 16S rDNA sequences shown in SEQ ID NO: 1, SEQ ID NO: 61, SEQ ID NO: 62, SEQ ID NO: 63, SEQ ID NO: 64 or SEQ ID NO: 65, (2) SEQ ID NO: 2, SEQ ID NO: 66, SEQ ID NO: 67, SEQ ID NO: 109, (13) The 16S rDNA sequences shown in SEQ ID NO: 13 or SEQ ID NO: 110, (14) The 16S rDNA sequences shown in SEQ ID NO: 14, SEQ ID NO: 111, SEQ ID NO: 112, SEQ ID NO: 113 or SEQ ID NO: 114, and (15) The 16S rDNA sequences shown in SEQ ID NO: 15, SEQ ID NO: 115 or SEQ ID NO: 116; 16S rDNA sequences shown in SEQ ID NO: 68, SEQ ID NO: 69 or SEQ ID NO: 70, SEQ ID NO: 66, SEQ ID NO: 67, SEQ ID NO: 68, SEQ ID NO: 69 or SEQ ID NO: 70, (3) 16S rDNA sequences shown in SEQ ID NO: 3, SEQ ID NO: 71, SEQ ID NO: 72 or SEQ ID NO: 73, (4) 16S rDNA sequences shown in SEQ ID NO: 4, SEQ ID NO: 74, SEQ ID NO: 75, SEQ ID NO: 76, SEQ ID NO: 77 or SEQ ID NO: 78, (5) 16S rDNA sequences shown in SEQ ID NO: 5, SEQ ID NO: 79, SEQ ID NO: 80 or SEQ ID NO: 81, (6) 16S rDNA sequences shown in SEQ ID NO: 6, SEQ ID NO: 82, SEQ ID NO: 83, SEQ ID NO: 84, SEQ ID NO: 85 or SEQ ID NO: 86, (7) SEQ The 16S rDNA sequences shown in SEQ ID NO: 7, SEQ ID NO: 87, SEQ ID NO: 88, SEQ ID NO: 89, SEQ ID NO: 90 or SEQ ID NO: 91,(8) The 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 8, SEQ ID NO: 92, SEQ ID NO: 93, SEQ ID NO: 94, SEQ ID NO: 95 or SEQ ID NO: 96; (9) The 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 10, SEQ ID NO: 100, SEQ ID NO: 101, SEQ ID NO: 102, SEQ ID NO: 103 or SEQ ID NO: 104; (10) The 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 11 or SEQ ID NO: 105; (11) The 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 12, SEQ ID NO: 106, SEQ ID NO: 107, SEQ ID NO: 108 or SEQ ID NO: 109; (12) The 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 13 or SEQ ID NO: 110; (13) The 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 14, SEQ ID NO: 111, SEQ ID NO: 112, SEQ ID NO: 96; (c) The 16S rDNA sequences shown in SEQ ID NO: 113 or SEQ ID NO: 114, and (14) the 16S rDNA sequences shown in SEQ ID NO: 15, SEQ ID NO: 115, or SEQ ID NO: 116; (c) (1) the 16S rDNA sequences shown in SEQ ID NO: 1, SEQ ID NO: 61, SEQ ID NO: 62, SEQ ID NO: 63, SEQ ID NO: 64, or SEQ ID NO: 65, (2) the 16S rDNA sequences shown in SEQ ID NO: 2, SEQ ID NO: 66, SEQ ID NO: 67, SEQ ID NO: 68, SEQ ID NO: 69, or SEQ ID NO: 70, (3) the 16S rDNA sequences shown in SEQ ID NO: 3, SEQ ID NO: 71, SEQ ID NO: 72, or SEQ ID NO: 73, (4) the 16S rDNA sequences shown in SEQ ID NO: 4, SEQ ID NO: 74, SEQ ID NO: 75, SEQ ID NO: 76, SEQ ID NO: 77, or SEQ ID NO: 70. The 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 78, (5) the 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 5, (6) the 16S rDNA sequences shown in SEQ ID NO: 6, SEQ ID NO: 82, SEQ ID NO: 83, SEQ ID NO: 84, SEQ ID NO: 85 or SEQ ID NO: 86,(7) The 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 7, SEQ ID NO: 87, SEQ ID NO: 88, SEQ ID NO: 89, SEQ ID NO: 90 or SEQ ID NO: 91, (8) The 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 8, SEQ ID NO: 92, SEQ ID NO: 93, SEQ ID NO: 94, SEQ ID NO: 95 or SEQ ID NO: 96, (9) The 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 10, SEQ ID NO: 100, SEQ ID NO: 101, SEQ ID NO: 102, SEQ ID NO: 103 or SEQ ID NO: 104, (10) The 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 11 or SEQ ID NO: 105, (11) The 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 12, SEQ ID NO: 106, SEQ ID NO: 107, SEQ ID NO: 108 or SEQ ID NO: 109, (12) SEQ ID The 16S rDNA sequences shown in NO: 13 or SEQ ID NO: 110, (13) the 16S rDNA sequences shown in SEQ ID NO: 14, SEQ ID NO: 111, SEQ ID NO: 112, SEQ ID NO: 113 or SEQ ID NO: 114, (14) the 16S rDNA sequences shown in SEQ ID NO: 15, SEQ ID NO: 115 or SEQ ID NO: 116, (15) the 16S rDNA sequences shown in SEQ ID NO: 16, SEQ ID NO: 117, SEQ ID NO: 118, SEQ ID NO: 119 or SEQ ID NO: 120, (16) the 16S rDNA sequences shown in SEQ ID NO: 28 or SEQ ID NO: 165, and (17) the 16S rDNA sequences shown in SEQ ID NO: 24, SEQ ID NO: 149, SEQ ID NO: 150 or SEQ ID NO: 151; (d)(1) SEQ ID NO: 1, SEQ ID (1) 16S rDNA sequences shown in SEQ ID NO: 61, SEQ ID NO: 62, SEQ ID NO: 63, SEQ ID NO: 64 or SEQ ID NO: 65, (2) 16S rDNA sequences shown in SEQ ID NO: 2, SEQ ID NO: 66, SEQ ID NO: 67, SEQ ID NO: 68, SEQ ID NO: 69 or SEQ ID NO: 70,(3) The 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 3, SEQ ID NO: 71, SEQ ID NO: 72 or SEQ ID NO: 73, (4) The 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 4, SEQ ID NO: 74, SEQ ID NO: 75, SEQ ID NO: 76, SEQ ID NO: 77 or SEQ ID NO: 78, (5) The 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 5, SEQ ID NO: 79, SEQ ID NO: 80 or SEQ ID NO: 81, (6) The 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 6, SEQ ID NO: 82, SEQ ID NO: 83, SEQ ID NO: 84, SEQ ID NO: 85 or SEQ ID NO: 86, (7) The 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 7, SEQ ID NO: 87, SEQ ID NO: 88, SEQ ID NO: 89, SEQ ID NO: 90 or SEQ ID NO: 91, (8) The 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 8, SEQ ID NO: 73, SEQ ID NO: 74, SEQ ID NO: 75, SEQ ID NO: 76, SEQ ID NO: 77 or SEQ ID NO: 78, (8) The 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 8, SEQ ID NO: 79, SEQ ID NO: 80 or SEQ ID NO: 81, (9 ... (9) 16S rDNA sequences shown in SEQ ID NO: 92, SEQ ID NO: 93, SEQ ID NO: 94, SEQ ID NO: 95 or SEQ ID NO: 96; (9) 16S rDNA sequences shown in SEQ ID NO: 10, SEQ ID NO: 100, SEQ ID NO: 101, SEQ ID NO: 102, SEQ ID NO: 103 or SEQ ID NO: 104; (10) 16S rDNA sequences shown in SEQ ID NO: 11 or SEQ ID NO: 105; (11) 16S rDNA sequences shown in SEQ ID NO: 12, SEQ ID NO: 106, SEQ ID NO: 107, SEQ ID NO: 108 or SEQ ID NO: 109; (12) 16S rDNA sequences shown in SEQ ID NO: 13 or SEQ ID NO: 110; (13) SEQ ID NO: 14, SEQ ID NO: 111, SEQ ID NO: 112, SEQ ID NO: 113 or SEQ ID NO: 96. The 16S rDNA sequence shown in NO: 114, (14) the 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 15, SEQ ID NO: 115 or SEQ ID NO: 116,(15) The 16S rDNA sequences shown in SEQ ID NO: 16, SEQ ID NO: 117, SEQ ID NO: 118, SEQ ID NO: 119 or SEQ ID NO: 120, (16) The 16S rDNA sequences shown in SEQ ID NO: 17, SEQ ID NO: 121, SEQ ID NO: 122, SEQ ID NO: 123 or SEQ ID NO: 124, and (17) The 16S rDNA sequences shown in SEQ ID NO: 24, SEQ ID NO: 149, SEQ ID NO: 150 or SEQ ID NO: 151; (e)(1) The 16S rDNA sequences shown in SEQ ID NO: 1, SEQ ID NO: 61, SEQ ID NO: 62, SEQ ID NO: 63, SEQ ID NO: 64 or SEQ ID NO: 65, (2) SEQ ID NO: 2, SEQ ID NO: 66, SEQ ID NO: 67, SEQ ID NO: 68, SEQ ID NO: 69 or SEQ ID NO: 120. (3) The 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 70, (4) The 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 4, SEQ ID NO: 74, SEQ ID NO: 75, SEQ ID NO: 76, SEQ ID NO: 77 or SEQ ID NO: 78, (5) The 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 5, SEQ ID NO: 79, SEQ ID NO: 80 or SEQ ID NO: 81, (6) The 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 6, SEQ ID NO: 82, SEQ ID NO: 83, SEQ ID NO: 84, SEQ ID NO: 85 or SEQ ID NO: 86, (7) The 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 7, SEQ ID NO: 87, SEQ ID NO: 88, SEQ ID NO: 89, SEQ ID NO: 90 or SEQ ID NO: 91 rDNA sequences, (8) the 16S rDNA sequences shown in SEQ ID NO: 8, SEQ ID NO: 92, SEQ ID NO: 93, SEQ ID NO: 94, SEQ ID NO: 95 or SEQ ID NO: 96,(9) The 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 10, SEQ ID NO: 100, SEQ ID NO: 101, SEQ ID NO: 102, SEQ ID NO: 103 or SEQ ID NO: 104; (10) The 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 11 or SEQ ID NO: 105; (11) The 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 12, SEQ ID NO: 106, SEQ ID NO: 107, SEQ ID NO: 108 or SEQ ID NO: 109; (12) The 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 13 or SEQ ID NO: 110; (13) The 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 14, SEQ ID NO: 111, SEQ ID NO: 112, SEQ ID NO: 113 or SEQ ID NO: 114; (14) The 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 15, SEQ ID NO: 115 or SEQ ID NO: 104. The 16S rDNA sequence shown in NO: 116, (15) the 16S rDNA sequences shown in SEQ ID NO: 16, SEQ ID NO: 117, SEQ ID NO: 118, SEQ ID NO: 119 or SEQ ID NO: 120, (16) the 16S rDNA sequences shown in SEQ ID NO: 17, SEQ ID NO: 121, SEQ ID NO: 122, SEQ ID NO: 123 or SEQ ID NO: 124, and (17) the 16S rDNA sequences shown in SEQ ID NO: 24, SEQ ID NO: 149, SEQ ID NO: 150 or SEQ ID NO: 151; (f) (1) the 16S rDNA sequences shown in SEQ ID NO: 1, SEQ ID NO: 61, SEQ ID NO: 62, SEQ ID NO: 63, SEQ ID NO: 64 or SEQ ID NO: 65, (2) SEQ ID NO: 2, SEQ ID NO: 66, SEQ ID NO: 67, SEQ ID NO: 68, SEQ ID NO: 151, SEQ ID NO: 15 ... and (3) the 16S rDNA sequences shown in SEQ ID NO: 1, SEQ ID NO: 65, SEQ ID NO: 66, SEQ ID NO: 67, SEQ ID NO: 68, SEQ ID NO: 151, SEQ ID NO: 1 The 16S rDNA sequence shown in NO: 69 or SEQ ID NO: 70, (3) the 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 3, SEQ ID NO: 71, SEQ ID NO: 72 or SEQ ID NO: 73,(4) The 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 4, SEQ ID NO: 74, SEQ ID NO: 75, SEQ ID NO: 76, SEQ ID NO: 77 or SEQ ID NO: 78; (5) The 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 5, SEQ ID NO: 79, SEQ ID NO: 80 or SEQ ID NO: 81; (6) The 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 6, SEQ ID NO: 82, SEQ ID NO: 83, SEQ ID NO: 84, SEQ ID NO: 85 or SEQ ID NO: 86; (7) The 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 7, SEQ ID NO: 87, SEQ ID NO: 88, SEQ ID NO: 89, SEQ ID NO: 90 or SEQ ID NO: 91; (8) The 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 8, SEQ ID NO: 92, SEQ ID NO: 93, SEQ ID NO: 94, SEQ ID NO: 95 or SEQ ID NO: 96. rDNA sequences, (9) 16S rDNA sequences shown in SEQ ID NO: 10, SEQ ID NO: 100, SEQ ID NO: 101, SEQ ID NO: 102, SEQ ID NO: 103 or SEQ ID NO: 104, (10) 16S rDNA sequences shown in SEQ ID NO: 11 or SEQ ID NO: 105, (11) 16S rDNA sequences shown in SEQ ID NO: 12, SEQ ID NO: 106, SEQ ID NO: 107, SEQ ID NO: 108 or SEQ ID NO: 109, (12) 16S rDNA sequences shown in SEQ ID NO: 13 or SEQ ID NO: 110, (13) 16S rDNA sequences shown in SEQ ID NO: 14, SEQ ID NO: 111, SEQ ID NO: 112, SEQ ID NO: 113 or SEQ ID NO: 114, (14) SEQ ID NO: 15, SEQ ID NO: 115 or SEQ ID NO: 104 The 16S rDNA sequence shown in NO: 116, (15) the 16S rDNA sequences shown in SEQ ID NO: 16, SEQ ID NO: 117, SEQ ID NO: 118, SEQ ID NO: 119 or SEQ ID NO: 120,(16) The 16S rDNA sequences shown in SEQ ID NO: 17, SEQ ID NO: 121, SEQ ID NO: 122, SEQ ID NO: 123 or SEQ ID NO: 124, (17) The 16S rDNA sequences shown in SEQ ID NO: 18 or SEQ ID NO: 125, (18) The 16S rDNA sequences shown in SEQ ID NO: 19, SEQ ID NO: 126, SEQ ID NO: 127, SEQ ID NO: 128, SEQ ID NO: 129, SEQ ID NO: 130 or SEQ ID NO: 131, and (19) The 16S rDNA sequences shown in SEQ ID NO: 20 or SEQ ID NO: 132; (g) (1) The 16S rDNA sequences shown in SEQ ID NO: 1, SEQ ID NO: 61, SEQ ID NO: 62, SEQ ID NO: 63, SEQ ID NO: 64 or SEQ ID NO: 65, (2) SEQ ID NO: 2, SEQ ID NO: 66, SEQ ID NO: 65, SEQ ID NO: 64, SEQ ID NO: 65, and SEQ ID NO: 65. (3) 16S rDNA sequences shown in SEQ ID NO: 67, SEQ ID NO: 68, SEQ ID NO: 69 or SEQ ID NO: 70, (4) 16S rDNA sequences shown in SEQ ID NO: 3, SEQ ID NO: 71, SEQ ID NO: 72 or SEQ ID NO: 73, (5) 16S rDNA sequences shown in SEQ ID NO: 4, SEQ ID NO: 74, SEQ ID NO: 75, SEQ ID NO: 76, SEQ ID NO: 77 or SEQ ID NO: 78, (6) 16S rDNA sequences shown in SEQ ID NO: 5, SEQ ID NO: 79, SEQ ID NO: 80 or SEQ ID NO: 81, (7) 16S rDNA sequences shown in SEQ ID NO: 6, SEQ ID NO: 82, SEQ ID NO: 83, SEQ ID NO: 84, SEQ ID NO: 85 or SEQ ID NO: 86, (88) SEQ ID NO: 7, SEQ ID NO: 87, SEQ ID NO: 88, SEQ ID NO: 89, SEQ ID NO: 70, (89) SEQ ID NO: 80, (90) SEQ ID NO: 80, (10 ... The 16S rDNA sequences shown in SEQ ID NO: 90 or SEQ ID NO: 91, (8) the 16S rDNA sequences shown in SEQ ID NO: 8, SEQ ID NO: 92, SEQ ID NO: 93, SEQ ID NO: 94, SEQ ID NO: 95 or SEQ ID NO: 96,(9) The 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 10, SEQ ID NO: 100, SEQ ID NO: 101, SEQ ID NO: 102, SEQ ID NO: 103 or SEQ ID NO: 104; (10) The 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 11 or SEQ ID NO: 105; (11) The 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 12, SEQ ID NO: 106, SEQ ID NO: 107, SEQ ID NO: 108 or SEQ ID NO: 109; (12) The 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 13 or SEQ ID NO: 110; (13) The 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 14, SEQ ID NO: 111, SEQ ID NO: 112, SEQ ID NO: 113 or SEQ ID NO: 114; (14) The 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 15, SEQ ID NO: 115 or SEQ ID NO: 116. rDNA sequences, (15) 16S rDNA sequences shown in SEQ ID NO: 16, SEQ ID NO: 117, SEQ ID NO: 118, SEQ ID NO: 119 or SEQ ID NO: 120, (16) 16S rDNA sequences shown in SEQ ID NO: 17, SEQ ID NO: 121, SEQ ID NO: 122, SEQ ID NO: 123 or SEQ ID NO: 124, (17) 16S rDNA sequences shown in SEQ ID NO: 18 or SEQ ID NO: 125, (18) 16S rDNA sequences shown in SEQ ID NO: 19, SEQ ID NO: 126, SEQ ID NO: 127, SEQ ID NO: 128, SEQ ID NO: 129, SEQ ID NO: 130 or SEQ ID NO: 131, (19) 16S rDNA sequences shown in SEQ ID NO: 20 or SEQ ID NO: 132, (20) SEQ ID NO: 21 or SEQ ID NO: 120 The 16S rDNA sequence shown in NO: 133, (21) the 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 22 or SEQ ID NO: 134,and (22) the 16S rDNA sequences shown in SEQ ID NO: 23, SEQ ID NO: 135, SEQ ID NO: 136, SEQ ID NO: 137, SEQ ID NO: 138, SEQ ID NO: 139, SEQ ID NO: 140, SEQ ID NO: 141, SEQ ID NO: 142, SEQ ID NO: 143, SEQ ID NO: 144, SEQ ID NO: 145, SEQ ID NO: 146, SEQ ID NO: 147 or SEQ ID NO: 148; (h)(1) the 16S rDNA sequences shown in SEQ ID NO: 1, SEQ ID NO: 61, SEQ ID NO: 62, SEQ ID NO: 63, SEQ ID NO: 64 or SEQ ID NO: 65, (2) the 16S rDNA sequences shown in SEQ ID NO: 2, SEQ ID NO: 66, SEQ ID NO: 67, SEQ ID NO: 68, SEQ ID NO: 69 or SEQ ID NO: 70, (3) SEQ ID (3) SEQ ID NO: 3, SEQ ID NO: 71, SEQ ID NO: 72 or SEQ ID NO: 73; (4) SEQ ID NO: 4, SEQ ID NO: 74, SEQ ID NO: 75, SEQ ID NO: 76, SEQ ID NO: 77 or SEQ ID NO: 78; (5) SEQ ID NO: 5, SEQ ID NO: 79, SEQ ID NO: 80 or SEQ ID NO: 81; (6) SEQ ID NO: 6, SEQ ID NO: 82, SEQ ID NO: 83, SEQ ID NO: 84, SEQ ID NO: 85 or SEQ ID NO: 86; (7) SEQ ID NO: 7, SEQ ID NO: 87, SEQ ID NO: 88, SEQ ID NO: 89, SEQ ID NO: 90 or SEQ ID NO: 91; (8) SEQ ID NO: 8, SEQ ID NO: 92, SEQ ID NO: 73; (9) SEQ ID NO: 74, SEQ ID NO: 75, SEQ ID NO: 76, SEQ ID NO: 77 or SEQ ID NO: 78; (10) SEQ ID NO: 8, SEQ ID NO: 92, SEQ ID NO: 73; (11) SEQ ID NO: 74, SEQ ID NO: 75, SEQ ID NO: 76, SEQ ID NO: 77 or SEQ ID NO: 78; (11) SEQ ID NO: 8, SEQ ID NO: 92, SEQ ID NO: 73; (12) SEQ ID NO: 73, SEQ ID NO: 74, SEQ ID NO: 75, SEQ ID NO: 76, SEQ ID NO: 77 or SEQ ID NO: 78; (13) SEQ ID NO: 74, SEQ ID NO: 75, The 16S rDNA sequences shown in SEQ ID NO: 93, SEQ ID NO: 94, SEQ ID NO: 95 or SEQ ID NO: 96, (9) the 16S rDNA sequences shown in SEQ ID NO: 9, SEQ ID NO: 97, SEQ ID NO: 98 or SEQ ID NO: 99,(10) The 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 10, SEQ ID NO: 100, SEQ ID NO: 101, SEQ ID NO: 102, SEQ ID NO: 103 or SEQ ID NO: 104; (11) The 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 12, SEQ ID NO: 106, SEQ ID NO: 107, SEQ ID NO: 108 or SEQ ID NO: 109; (12) The 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 25, SEQ ID NO: 50, SEQ ID NO: 51, SEQ ID NO: 52, SEQ ID NO: 53, SEQ ID NO: 54, SEQ ID NO: 55, SEQ ID NO: 56, SEQ ID NO: 57, SEQ ID NO: 58, SEQ ID NO: 59, SEQ ID NO: 60, SEQ ID NO: 152, SEQ ID NO: 153, SEQ ID NO: 154, SEQ ID NO: 155, SEQ ID NO: 156 or SEQ ID NO: 104. The 16S rDNA sequence shown in NO: 157, and the 16S rDNA sequences shown in (13) SEQ ID NO: 26, SEQ ID NO: 158, SEQ ID NO: 159, SEQ ID NO: 160, SEQ ID NO: 161, SEQ ID NO: 162 or SEQ ID NO: 163; (i) (1) the 16S rDNA sequences shown in SEQ ID NO: 1, SEQ ID NO: 61, SEQ ID NO: 62, SEQ ID NO: 63, SEQ ID NO: 64 or SEQ ID NO: 65, (2) the 16S rDNA sequences shown in SEQ ID NO: 2, SEQ ID NO: 66, SEQ ID NO: 67, SEQ ID NO: 68, SEQ ID NO: 69 or SEQ ID NO: 70, (3) the 16S rDNA sequences shown in SEQ ID NO: 3, SEQ ID NO: 71, SEQ ID NO: 72 or SEQ ID NO: 73, (4) SEQ ID NO: 4, SEQ ID NO: 74, SEQ ID NO: 75, SEQ ID NO: 167, SEQ ID NO: 76, SEQ ID NO: 77, SEQ ID NO: 78, SEQ ID NO: 79, SEQ ID NO: 70 ... The 16S rDNA sequences shown in SEQ ID NO: 75, SEQ ID NO: 76, SEQ ID NO: 77 or SEQ ID NO: 78, (5) the 16S rDNA sequences shown in SEQ ID NO: 5, SEQ ID NO: 79, SEQ ID NO: 80 or SEQ ID NO: 81,(6) The 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 6, SEQ ID NO: 82, SEQ ID NO: 83, SEQ ID NO: 84, SEQ ID NO: 85 or SEQ ID NO: 86, (7) The 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 7, SEQ ID NO: 87, SEQ ID NO: 88, SEQ ID NO: 89, SEQ ID NO: 90 or SEQ ID NO: 91, (8) The 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 8, SEQ ID NO: 92, SEQ ID NO: 93, SEQ ID NO: 94, SEQ ID NO: 95 or SEQ ID NO: 96, (9) The 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 10, SEQ ID NO: 100, SEQ ID NO: 101, SEQ ID NO: 102, SEQ ID NO: 103 or SEQ ID NO: 104, (10) The 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 11 or SEQ ID NO: 105, (11) SEQ The 16S rDNA sequences shown in SEQ ID NO: 12, SEQ ID NO: 106, SEQ ID NO: 107, SEQ ID NO: 108 or SEQ ID NO: 109, (12) the 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 13 or SEQ ID NO: 110, (13) the 16S rDNA sequences shown in SEQ ID NO: 14, SEQ ID NO: 111, SEQ ID NO: 112, SEQ ID NO: 113 or SEQ ID NO: 114, (14) the 16S rDNA sequences shown in SEQ ID NO: 15, SEQ ID NO: 115 or SEQ ID NO: 116, (15) the 16S rDNA sequences shown in SEQ ID NO: 26, SEQ ID NO: 158, SEQ ID NO: 159, SEQ ID NO: 160, SEQ ID NO: 161, SEQ ID NO: 162 or SEQ ID NO: 163, and (16) the 16S rDNA sequences shown in SEQ ID NO: 27 or SEQ ID NO: 109. The 16S rDNA sequence shown in NO: 164; (j)(1) the 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 1, SEQ ID NO: 61, SEQ ID NO: 62, SEQ ID NO: 63, SEQ ID NO: 64 or SEQ ID NO: 65.(2) The 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 2, SEQ ID NO: 66, SEQ ID NO: 67, SEQ ID NO: 68, SEQ ID NO: 69 or SEQ ID NO: 70, (3) The 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 3, SEQ ID NO: 71, SEQ ID NO: 72 or SEQ ID NO: 73, (4) The 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 4, SEQ ID NO: 74, SEQ ID NO: 75, SEQ ID NO: 76, SEQ ID NO: 77 or SEQ ID NO: 78, (5) The 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 5, SEQ ID NO: 79, SEQ ID NO: 80 or SEQ ID NO: 81, (6) The 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 6, SEQ ID NO: 82, SEQ ID NO: 83, SEQ ID NO: 84, SEQ ID NO: 85 or SEQ ID NO: 86, (7) SEQ ID NO: 7, SEQ ID NO: 89, SEQ ID NO: 80, SEQ ID NO: 81, (82) SEQ ID NO: 83, SEQ ID NO: 84, SEQ ID NO: 85 or SEQ ID NO: 86, (83) SEQ ID NO: 7, SEQ ID NO: 89, SEQ ID NO: 80, SEQ ID NO: 81, (84) SEQ ID NO: 85 or SEQ ID NO: 86, (85) SEQ ID NO: 7, SEQ ID NO: 89, SEQ ID NO: 80, SEQ ID NO: 81, (86) SEQ ID NO: 80, SEQ ID NO: 81, (86) SEQ ID NO: 80, SEQ ID NO (8) 16S rDNA sequences shown in SEQ ID NO: 87, SEQ ID NO: 88, SEQ ID NO: 89, SEQ ID NO: 90 or SEQ ID NO: 91; (9) 16S rDNA sequences shown in SEQ ID NO: 8, SEQ ID NO: 92, SEQ ID NO: 93, SEQ ID NO: 94, SEQ ID NO: 95 or SEQ ID NO: 96; (10) 16S rDNA sequences shown in SEQ ID NO: 10, SEQ ID NO: 100, SEQ ID NO: 101, SEQ ID NO: 102, SEQ ID NO: 103 or SEQ ID NO: 104; (11) 16S rDNA sequences shown in SEQ ID NO: 12, SEQ ID NO: 106, SEQ ID NO: 107, SEQ ID NO: 108 or SEQ ID NO: 109; (12) SEQ ID NO: 13 or SEQ ID NO: 96. The 16S rDNA sequence shown in NO: 110, (13) the 16S rDNA sequences shown in SEQ ID NO: 14, SEQ ID NO: 111, SEQ ID NO: 112, SEQ ID NO: 113 or SEQ ID NO: 114,(14) The 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 15, SEQ ID NO: 115 or SEQ ID NO: 116, (15) The 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 16, SEQ ID NO: 117, SEQ ID NO: 118, SEQ ID NO: 119 or SEQ ID NO: 120, (16) The 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 28 or SEQ ID NO: 165, (17) The 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 24, SEQ ID NO: 149, SEQ ID NO: 150 or SEQ ID NO: 151, (18) The 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 26, SEQ ID NO: 158, SEQ ID NO: 159, SEQ ID NO: 160, SEQ ID NO: 161, SEQ ID NO: 162 or SEQ ID NO: 163, and (19) The 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 27 or SEQ ID NO: 163. (k) The 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 164; (k) (1) The 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 1, SEQ ID NO: 61, SEQ ID NO: 62, SEQ ID NO: 63, SEQ ID NO: 64 or SEQ ID NO: 65; (2) The 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 2, SEQ ID NO: 66, SEQ ID NO: 67, SEQ ID NO: 68, SEQ ID NO: 69 or SEQ ID NO: 70; (3) The 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 3, SEQ ID NO: 71, SEQ ID NO: 72 or SEQ ID NO: 73; (4) The 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 4, SEQ ID NO: 74, SEQ ID NO: 75, SEQ ID NO: 76, SEQ ID NO: 77 or SEQ ID NO: 78; (5) The 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 5, SEQ ID NO: 79, SEQ ID NO: 80 or SEQ ID NO: 81. rDNA sequences, (6) the 16S rDNA sequences shown in SEQ ID NO: 6, SEQ ID NO: 82, SEQ ID NO: 83, SEQ ID NO: 84, SEQ ID NO: 85 or SEQ ID NO: 86,(7) The 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 7, SEQ ID NO: 87, SEQ ID NO: 88, SEQ ID NO: 89, SEQ ID NO: 90 or SEQ ID NO: 91, (8) The 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 8, SEQ ID NO: 92, SEQ ID NO: 93, SEQ ID NO: 94, SEQ ID NO: 95 or SEQ ID NO: 96, (9) The 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 10, SEQ ID NO: 100, SEQ ID NO: 101, SEQ ID NO: 102, SEQ ID NO: 103 or SEQ ID NO: 104, (10) The 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 11 or SEQ ID NO: 105, (11) The 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 12, SEQ ID NO: 106, SEQ ID NO: 107, SEQ ID NO: 108 or SEQ ID NO: 109, (12) SEQ ID The 16S rDNA sequences shown in NO: 13 or SEQ ID NO: 110, and (13) the 16S rDNA sequences shown in SEQ ID NO: 15, SEQ ID NO: 115, or SEQ ID NO: 116; (1) the 16S rDNA sequences shown in SEQ ID NO: 1, SEQ ID NO: 61, SEQ ID NO: 62, SEQ ID NO: 63, SEQ ID NO: 64, or SEQ ID NO: 65, (2) the 16S rDNA sequences shown in SEQ ID NO: 2, SEQ ID NO: 66, SEQ ID NO: 67, SEQ ID NO: 68, SEQ ID NO: 69, or SEQ ID NO: 70, (3) the 16S rDNA sequences shown in SEQ ID NO: 3, SEQ ID NO: 71, SEQ ID NO: 72, or SEQ ID NO: 73, (4) the 16S rDNA sequences shown in SEQ ID NO: 4, SEQ ID NO: 74, SEQ ID NO: 75, SEQ ID NO: 76, SEQ ID NO: 77, or SEQ ID NO: 70. The 16S rDNA sequence shown in NO:78, (5) the 16S rDNA sequences shown in SEQ ID NO:5, SEQ ID NO:79, SEQ ID NO:80 or SEQ ID NO:81,(6) The 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 6, SEQ ID NO: 82, SEQ ID NO: 83, SEQ ID NO: 84, SEQ ID NO: 85 or SEQ ID NO: 86, (7) The 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 7, SEQ ID NO: 87, SEQ ID NO: 88, SEQ ID NO: 89, SEQ ID NO: 90 or SEQ ID NO: 91, (8) The 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 8, SEQ ID NO: 92, SEQ ID NO: 93, SEQ ID NO: 94, SEQ ID NO: 95 or SEQ ID NO: 96, (9) The 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 10, SEQ ID NO: 100, SEQ ID NO: 101, SEQ ID NO: 102, SEQ ID NO: 103 or SEQ ID NO: 104, (10) The 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 11 or SEQ ID NO: 105, (11) SEQ (12) 16S rDNA sequences shown in SEQ ID NO: 12, SEQ ID NO: 106, SEQ ID NO: 107, SEQ ID NO: 108 or SEQ ID NO: 109; (13) 16S rDNA sequences shown in SEQ ID NO: 13 or SEQ ID NO: 110; (14) 16S rDNA sequences shown in SEQ ID NO: 14, SEQ ID NO: 111, SEQ ID NO: 112, SEQ ID NO: 113 or SEQ ID NO: 114; (15) 16S rDNA sequences shown in SEQ ID NO: 16, SEQ ID NO: 117, SEQ ID NO: 118, SEQ ID NO: 119 or SEQ ID NO: 120; (16) SEQ ID NO: 17, SEQ ID NO: 121, SEQ ID NO: 122, SEQ ID NO: 123 or SEQ ID NO: 129. The 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 124, (17) the 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 21 or SEQ ID NO: 133, (18) the 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 22 or SEQ ID NO: 134,and (19) the 16S rDNA sequences shown in SEQ ID NO: 23, SEQ ID NO: 135, SEQ ID NO: 136, SEQ ID NO: 137, SEQ ID NO: 138, SEQ ID NO: 139, SEQ ID NO: 140, SEQ ID NO: 141, SEQ ID NO: 142, SEQ ID NO: 143, SEQ ID NO: 144, SEQ ID NO: 145, SEQ ID NO: 146, SEQ ID NO: 147 or SEQ ID NO: 148; or (m)(1) the 16S rDNA sequences shown in SEQ ID NO: 1, SEQ ID NO: 61, SEQ ID NO: 62, SEQ ID NO: 63, SEQ ID NO: 64 or SEQ ID NO: 65, (2) the 16S rDNA sequences shown in SEQ ID NO: 2, SEQ ID NO: 66, SEQ ID NO: 67, SEQ ID NO: 68, SEQ ID NO: 69 or SEQ ID NO: 70, (3) SEQ (3) SEQ ID NO: 3, SEQ ID NO: 71, SEQ ID NO: 72 or SEQ ID NO: 73; (4) SEQ ID NO: 29, SEQ ID NO: 32, SEQ ID NO: 33, SEQ ID NO: 34, SEQ ID NO: 35, SEQ ID NO: 36 or SEQ ID NO: 37; (5) SEQ ID NO: 5, SEQ ID NO: 79, SEQ ID NO: 80 or SEQ ID NO: 81; (6) SEQ ID NO: 6, SEQ ID NO: 82, SEQ ID NO: 83, SEQ ID NO: 84, SEQ ID NO: 85 or SEQ ID NO: 86; (7) SEQ ID NO: 7, SEQ ID NO: 87, SEQ ID NO: 88, SEQ ID NO: 89, SEQ ID NO: 90 or SEQ ID NO: 91; (8) SEQ ID NO: 8, SEQ ID NO: 73, SEQ ID NO: 74, SEQ ID NO: 35, SEQ ID NO: 36 or SEQ ID NO: 37; (9) SEQ ID NO: 8, SEQ ID NO: 79, SEQ ID NO: 80 or SEQ ID NO: 81; (10) SEQ ID NO: 8, SEQ ID NO: 73, SEQ ID NO: 74, SEQ ID NO: 35, SEQ ID NO: 36 or SEQ ID NO: 37; (11) SEQ ID NO: 79, SEQ ID NO: 80 or SEQ ID NO: 81; (12) SEQ ID NO: 8, SEQ ID NO: 73, SEQ ID NO: 74, SEQ ID NO: 35, SEQ ID NO: 36 or SEQ ID NO: 37; (13) SEQ ID NO: 79, SEQ ID NO: The 16S rDNA sequences shown in SEQ ID NO: 92, SEQ ID NO: 93, SEQ ID NO: 94, SEQ ID NO: 95, or SEQ ID NO: 96,(9) The 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 9, SEQ ID NO: 97, SEQ ID NO: 98 or SEQ ID NO: 99, (10) The 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 10, SEQ ID NO: 100, SEQ ID NO: 101, SEQ ID NO: 102, SEQ ID NO: 103 or SEQ ID NO: 104, (11) The 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 12, SEQ ID NO: 106, SEQ ID NO: 107, SEQ ID NO: 108 or SEQ ID NO: 109, (12) The 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 14, SEQ ID NO: 111, SEQ ID NO: 112, SEQ ID NO: 113 or SEQ ID NO: 114, (13) SEQ ID NO: 25, SEQ ID NO: 50, SEQ ID NO: 51, SEQ ID NO: 52, SEQ ID NO: 53, SEQ ID NO: 54, SEQ ID NO: 59 ...9, SEQ ID NO: 59, SEQ ID NO: 59, SEQ ID NO: 59, SEQ ID NO: 59, SEQ ID NO: 59, SEQ ID NO: 59, SEQ ID NO: 59, SEQ ID NO: 59, SEQ ID NO: 59 The 16S rDNA sequence shown in ID NO: 55, SEQ ID NO: 56, SEQ ID NO: 57, SEQ ID NO: 58, SEQ ID NO: 59, SEQ ID NO: 60, SEQ ID NO: 152, SEQ ID NO: 153, SEQ ID NO: 154, SEQ ID NO: 155, SEQ ID NO: 156 or SEQ ID NO: 157, (14) SEQ ID The 16S rDNA sequence shown in NO: 26, SEQ ID NO: 158, SEQ ID NO: 159, SEQ ID NO: 160, SEQ ID NO: 161, SEQ ID NO: 162 or SEQ ID NO: 163, (15) SEQ ID NO: 30, SEQ ID NO: 38, SEQ ID NO: 39, SEQ ID NO: 40, SEQ ID NO: 41, SEQ ID NO: 42, SEQ ID NO: 43, SEQ ID NO: 44, SEQ ID NO: 166, SEQ ID NO: 167, SEQ ID The 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 168, SEQ ID NO: 169, SEQ ID NO: 170, SEQ ID NO: 171 or SEQ ID NO: 172,And the 16S rDNA sequences shown in (16) SEQ ID NO: 31, SEQ ID NO: 45, SEQ ID NO: 46, SEQ ID NO: 47, SEQ ID NO: 48, SEQ ID NO: 49, SEQ ID NO: 173, SEQ ID NO: 174, SEQ ID NO: 175, SEQ ID NO: 176 or SEQ ID NO: 177.

[0028] For any of the methods provided herein, in some respects, the colonization of pathogenic microorganisms in the gastrointestinal tract of the subject is reduced or prevented after administration. In other respects, the abundance of pathogenic microorganisms in the gastrointestinal tract of the subject is reduced after administration. In some respects, pathogenic microorganisms include Enterococcus faecium (e.g., vancomycin-resistant), certain Enterococcus spp., Klebsiella pneumoniae (e.g., carbapenem-resistant), Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, certain Enterobacter spp., Enterococcus faecalis, Klebsiella oxytoca, Klebsiella aerogenes, certain Streptococcus spp., or combinations thereof.

[0029] For any of the methods provided herein, in some respects, the various bacteria also include additional bacterial species having one or more of the following characteristics: (1) the ability to be transplanted (long-term and / or short-term) when administered to a subject; (2) the ability to have anti-inflammatory activity (e.g., the ability to inhibit TNF-α-driven IL-8 secretion in in vitro epithelial cells and downregulate the expression of inflammatory genes (e.g., CXCL1, CXCL2, CXCL3, CXCL11, ICAM1)); (3) the inability to induce pro-inflammatory activity; (4) the ability to produce secondary bile acids (e.g., 7α-dehydroxylase and bile salt hydrolase activity); (5) the ability to produce color (6) Acid metabolites (e.g., indole, 3-methylindole, indolepropionic acid); (7) Ability to restore and / or maintain epithelial integrity (e.g., as determined by primary epithelial cell monolayer barrier integrity assay); (8) Ability to produce short-chain fatty acids (e.g., butyrate, propionate); (9) Ability to inhibit HDAC activity; (10) Ability to produce medium-chain fatty acids (e.g., valerate, hexanoate); (11) Ability to express catalase activity; (12) Ability to possess α-fucosidase activity; (13) Ability to produce B vitamins (e.g., thiamine (B1) and / or pyridoxine (B6)); (14) Ability to reduce fecal calcium protection protein (14) Cannot activate the Toll-like receptor pathway (e.g., TLR4 or TLR5); (15) Can activate the Toll-like receptor pathway (e.g., TLR2); (16) Can restore colonization resistance; (17) Can utilize carbon sources extensively; (18) Can reduce VRE pathogen carrying; (19) Can reduce CRE pathogen carrying; (20) Can reduce E. coli pathogen carrying; (21) Can reduce the expression of sealing protein-2; (22) Can be associated with the gut microbiota of healthy individuals; (23) Can be unrelated to toxins and hemolysin genes associated with Clostridium pathogens and has no significant in vitro variation. (24) Cytopathic effects; (25) Sensitivity to multiple clinically relevant antibiotics; (26) Unrelated to genes that may be responsible for observed antibiotic resistance and transmissible genes; (27) Inhibition of epithelial cell apoptosis; (28) Downregulation of one or more genes induced in IFN-γ-treated colonic organoids (e.g., those associated with inflammatory chemokine signaling, NF-κB signaling, TNF family signaling, type I interferon signaling, type II interferon signaling, TLR signaling, lymphocyte transport, Th17 cell differentiation, Th1 differentiation, Th2 differentiation, apoptosis, inflammasomes, autophagy, oxidative stress, MHC class I and II antigen presentation, complement, mTor, nod-like receptor signaling, PI3K signaling, or combinations thereof); (29) Reduction of expression of one or more inhibitory receptors (e.g., TIGIT, TIM-3, or LAG-3) on CD8+ T cells;(29) Can increase the expression of one or more genes / proteins (e.g., CD45RO, CD69, IL-24, TNF-α, perforin, or IFN-γ) associated with CD8+ T cell activation and / or function; (30) Can enhance and / or improve tolerance to chemotherapeutic agents; (31) Can enhance the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy; (32) Can promote the recruitment of CD8+ T cells to tumors; (33) Can induce an anti-inflammatory IL-10-skewed IL-10 / IL-6 cytokine ratio in macrophages; (34) Can induce a higher ratio in macrophages than donor-derived spore-based compositions (i.e., spore-based... (35) The combination of spores (e.g., less inflammatory response but similar pathogen defense response); (36) can increase the amount of anti-inflammatory mediators (e.g., IL-1 receptor antagonists (IL-1RA), IL-4, IL-10, IL-11, IL-13, TGF-β); (37) can alleviate colonic inflammation; (38) can treat and / or prevent diseases or conditions, such as those associated with gastrointestinal dysbiosis; (39) can increase the diversity of the gastrointestinal microbiome in subjects; (40) can improve the integrity of the mucosal and / or epithelial barrier in subjects compared with reference controls (e.g., untreated patients or subjects before treatment); It can promote mucosal healing; (41) reduce the incidence of infection; (42) reduce the need for antibiotics in subjects; (43) reduce the abundance of biomarkers of infection in subjects' feces; (44) increase the abundance of biomarkers of the applied species in subjects' feces; (45) target and deliver most (e.g., 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, 99.5%, 99.6%, 99.7%, 99.8%, or 99.9% of the applied species relative to the number of colony-forming units applied) or all of the applied species to the subjects. The composition is intended to produce a therapeutic benefit after a single administration to a subject of the composition or pharmaceutical composition described herein; (46) be able to be co-administered with other agents described herein without substantially reducing the therapeutic benefit of the administered species; (47) be able to be co-administered with carriers or excipients described herein without substantially reducing the therapeutic benefit of the administered species; (48) be able to be co-administered with carriers or excipients described herein without substantially reducing the therapeutic benefit of the administered species; (49) be able to utilize lactulose; (50) contain a lanthanum antibiotic operon; (51) be able to be associated with reduced abundance in patients with liver disease (e.g., cirrhosis); or (52) any combination thereof.

[0030] In some aspects, each of the multiple bacteria is capable of forming spores. In some aspects, each of the multiple bacteria is in spore form. In some aspects, each of the multiple bacteria is not a vegetative cell. In some aspects, the composition also comprises a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient. In some aspects, the composition is administered orally to a subject. In some aspects, the method further includes administering an additional agent to the subject. In some aspects, the additional agent is administered simultaneously with or sequentially with the composition. In some aspects, the additional agent includes standard care. In some aspects, standard care includes lactulose, rifaximin, or both.

[0031] Some aspects of this disclosure relate to a composition comprising multiple bacteria, wherein the multiple bacteria comprise a first bacterial species and a second bacterial species, wherein the first species and the second species are not identical, and wherein the first species and the second species are independently selected from *Anaerobic Cocci*, *Brutella sphaeroides*, *Brutella hominis*, *Brutella ovalis*, *Brutella westermani*, *Butylococcus* sp2, *Clostridium auderii*, *Clostridium difficile*, *Clostridium scintillans*, *Clostridium scintillans*, *Clostridium scintillans*, *Clostridium symbioticum*, *Dorrelia longiformis*, *Eisenberger tympani*, *Timonis emergencytia*, *Clostridium erysipelas*, *Eubacterium calciferum*, *Faecalicatena cortorta*, *Faecalicatena orotica*, *Flavobacterium previae*, *Hungatella effluvii*, *Enteromonas butyrate-producing*, *Enteromonas masei*, *Lactobacillus longiformis*, *Lawsonia* sp7, and *Massilimaliae*. timonensis, Murimonasintestini, Niameybacter sp1, Ruminococciaceae NG13 sp6, or Turicibacter sanguinis.

[0032] Some aspects of this disclosure relate to a composition comprising multiple bacteria, wherein the multiple bacteria comprise a first bacterial species and a second bacterial species, wherein the first species and the second species are not the same, and wherein the first species and the second species are independently selected from Clostridium perfringens, Clostridium difficile, Flavobacterium previae, Brukerella spp., Anaerobic cocci, Murimonas intestini, Clostridium erysipelas, Faecalicatena orotica, Clostridium auderii, or Eisenbergella tauris.

[0033] For any composition provided herein, in some aspects, the various bacteria also include *Timonis Emergency*. In some aspects, the various bacteria also include *Enteromonas butyrate-producing*, *Clostridium symbioticum*, *Clostridium scintillans*, and / or *Timonis Emergency*. In some aspects, the various bacteria also include *Faecalicatena cortorta* and / or *Lycopodium longiflorum*. In some aspects, the various bacteria also include *Massilimaliae timonensis*, *Hungatella effluvii*, and / or *Butycoccus* sp2. In some aspects, the various bacteria also include *Enteromonas masei*, *Niameybacter* sp1, and / or *Turicibacter sanguinis*. In some aspects, the various bacteria also include *Ruminococcus* NG13 sp6. In some aspects, the various bacteria also include *Dorebrospina*. In some aspects, the various bacteria also include *Broutella ovalis*. In some aspects, the various bacteria also include *Lawsonia* sp7. In some aspects, the various bacteria also include *Broutella humane*. In some respects, various bacteria also include *Brutella westermani*. In other respects, various bacteria also include *Eubacterium jirovecii*.

[0034] Some aspects of this disclosure relate to a composition comprising multiple bacteria, wherein the multiple bacteria comprise a first bacterial species and a second bacterial species, wherein the first species and the second species are not the same, and wherein the first species and the second species independently comprise SEQ ID NO: 5, SEQ ID NO: 79, SEQ ID NO: 80, or SEQ ID NO: 81, SEQ ID NO: 4, SEQ ID NO: 74, SEQ ID NO: 75, SEQ ID NO: 76, SEQ ID NO: 77, SEQ ID NO: 78, SEQ ID NO: 26, SEQ ID NO: 158, SEQ ID NO: 159, SEQ ID NO: 160, SEQ ID NO: 161, SEQ ID NO: 162, SEQ ID NO: 163, SEQ ID NO: 20, SEQ ID NO: 132, SEQ ID NO: 10, SEQ ID NO: 100, SEQ ID NO: 101, SEQ ID NO: 10266, SEQ ID NO: 10367, SEQ ID NO: 10468 ...8, ID NO: 69, SEQ ID NO: 70, SEQ ID NO: 1, SEQ ID NO: 61, SEQ ID NO: 62, SEQ ID NO: 63, SEQ ID NO: 64, SEQ ID NO: 65, SEQ ID NO: 14, SEQ ID NO: 111, SEQ ID NO: 112, SEQ ID NO: 113, SEQ ID NO: 114, SEQ ID NO: 13, SEQ ID NO: 110, SEQ ID NO: 25, SEQ ID NO: 50, SEQ ID NO: 51, SEQ ID NO: 52, SEQ ID NO: 53, SEQ ID NO: 54, SEQ ID NO: 55, SEQ ID NO: 56, SEQ ID NO: 57, SEQ ID NO: 58, SEQ ID NO: 59, SEQ ID NO: 60, SEQ ID NO: 152, SEQ ID NO: 153, SEQ ID NO: 154, SEQ ID NO: 155, SEQ ID NO: 156, SEQ ID NO: 157, SEQ ID NO: 12, SEQ ID NO: 106, SEQ ID NO: 107, SEQ ID NO: 108, SEQ ID NO: 109, SEQ ID NO: 9, SEQ ID NO: 97, SEQ ID NO: 98, SEQ IDNO: 99, SEQ ID NO: 15, SEQ ID NO: 115, SEQ ID NO: 116, SEQ ID NO: 7, SEQ ID NO: 87, SEQ ID NO: 88, SEQ ID NO: 89, SEQ ID NO: 90, SEQ ID NO: 91, SEQ ID NO: 16, SEQ ID NO: 117, SEQ ID NO: 118, SEQ ID NO: 119, SEQ ID NO: 120, SEQ ID NO: 8, SEQ ID NO: 92, SEQ ID NO: 93, SEQ ID NO: 94, SEQ ID NO: 95, or SEQ ID NO: 96, SEQ ID NO: 3, SEQ ID NO: 71, SEQ ID NO: 72, or SEQ ID NO: 73, SEQ ID NO: 19, SEQ ID NO: 126, SEQ ID NO: 127, SEQ ID NO: 128, SEQ ID NO: 129, SEQ ID NO: 130, SEQ ID NO: 131, SEQ ID NO: 11, SEQ ID NO: 105, SEQ ID NO: 21, SEQ ID NO: 133, SEQ ID NO: 17, SEQ ID NO: 121, SEQ ID NO: 122, SEQ ID NO: 123, SEQ ID NO: 124, SEQ ID NO: 28, SEQ ID NO: 165, SEQ ID NO: 27, SEQ ID NO: 164, SEQ ID NO: 18, SEQ ID NO: 125, SEQ ID NO: 6, SEQ ID NO: 82, SEQ ID NO: 83, SEQ ID NO: 84, SEQ ID NO: 85, SEQ ID NO: 86, SEQ ID NO: 22, SEQ ID NO: 134, SEQ ID NO: 24, SEQ ID NO: 149, SEQ ID NO: 150, SEQ ID NO: 151, SEQ ID NO: 23, SEQ ID NO: 135, SEQ ID NO: 136, SEQ ID NO: 137, SEQ ID NO: 138, SEQ ID NO: 139, SEQ ID NO: 140, SEQ ID NO: 141, SEQ ID NO: 142, SEQ ID NO: 143, SEQ ID NO: 144, SEQ ID NO: 145, SEQ ID NO: 146, SEQ ID NO: 147, SEQ ID NO: 148, SEQ IDNO: 29, SEQ ID NO: 32, SEQ ID NO: 33, SEQ ID NO: 34, SEQ ID NO: 35, SEQ ID NO: 36, or SEQ ID NO: 37, SEQ ID NO: 30, SEQ ID NO: 38, SEQ ID NO: 39, SEQ ID NO: 40, SEQ ID NO: 41, SEQ ID NO: 42, SEQ ID NO: 43, SEQ ID NO: 44, SEQ ID NO: 166, SEQ ID NO: 167, SEQ ID NO: 168, SEQ ID NO: 169, SEQ ID NO: 170, SEQ ID NO: 171, SEQ ID NO: 172, SEQ ID NO: 31, SEQ ID NO: 45, SEQ ID NO: 46, SEQ ID NO: 47, SEQ ID NO: 48, SEQ ID NO: 49, SEQ ID NO: 173, SEQ ID NO: 174, SEQ ID NO: 175, SEQ ID NO: 176, or SEQ ID The sequence shown in any of NO: 177 is a 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity.

[0035] Some aspects of this disclosure relate to a composition comprising multiple bacteria, wherein the multiple bacteria comprise a first bacterial species and a second bacterial species, wherein the first species and the second species are not identical, and wherein the first species and / or the second species comprise the same species as those in SEQ ID NO: 1, SEQ ID NO: 61, SEQ ID NO: 62, SEQ ID NO: 63, SEQ ID NO: 64, SEQ ID NO: 65, SEQ ID NO: 2, SEQ ID NO: 66, SEQ ID NO: 67, SEQ ID NO: 68, SEQ ID NO: 69, SEQ ID NO: 70, SEQ ID NO: 3, SEQ ID NO: 71, SEQ ID NO: 72, SEQ ID NO: 73, SEQ ID NO: 4, SEQ ID NO: 74, SEQ ID NO: 75, SEQ ID NO: 76, SEQ ID NO: 77, SEQ ID NO: 78, SEQ ID NO: 5, SEQ ID NO: 79, SEQ ID NO: 80, SEQ ID NO: 81, SEQ ID NO: 6, SEQ ID NO: 82, SEQ ID NO: 6, SEQ ID NO: 74, SEQ ID NO: 75, SEQ ID NO: 76, SEQ ID NO: 77, SEQ ID NO: 78, SEQ ID NO: 5, SEQ ID NO: 79, SEQ ID NO: 80, SEQ ID NO: 81, SEQ ID NO: 6, SEQ ID NO: 82 ... The sequences shown in any one of SEQ ID NO: 83, SEQ ID NO: 84, SEQ ID NO: 85, SEQ ID NO: 86, SEQ ID NO: 7, SEQ ID NO: 87, SEQ ID NO: 88, SEQ ID NO: 89, SEQ ID NO: 90, SEQ ID NO: 91, SEQ ID NO: 8, SEQ ID NO: 92, SEQ ID NO: 10093, SEQ ID NO: 10194, SEQ ID NO: 102, SEQ ID NO: 103, SEQ ID NO: 10495, SEQ ID NO: 96, SEQ ID NO: 10, or SEQ ID NO: 12, SEQ ID NO: 106, SEQ ID NO: 107, SEQ ID NO: 108, or SEQ ID NO: 109 are 16S rDNA sequences having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity.

[0036] In some aspects, various bacteria also contain a 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 9, SEQ ID NO: 97, SEQ ID NO: 98, or SEQ ID NO: 99. In some aspects, various bacteria also contain: (a) a 16S rDNA sequence having at least 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 11 or SEQ ID NO: 105.

[0037] (b) a 16S rDNA sequence having at least 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 13 or SEQ ID NO: 110; (c) a 16S rDNA sequence having at least 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 14, SEQ ID NO: 111, SEQ ID NO: 112, SEQ ID NO: 113, or SEQ ID NO: 114; and / or (d) a 16S rDNA sequence having at least 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 15, SEQ ID NO: 115, or SEQ ID NO: 116.

[0038] In some respects, various bacteria also include: (a) a 16S rDNA sequence having at least 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 16, SEQ ID NO: 117, SEQ ID NO: 118, SEQ ID NO: 119, or SEQ ID NO: 120, and / or (b) a 16S rDNA sequence having at least 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 17, SEQ ID NO: 121, SEQ ID NO: 122, SEQ ID NO: 123, SEQ ID NO: 124, SEQ ID NO: 28, or SEQ ID NO: 165. In some respects, various bacteria also include: (a) a 16S rDNA sequence having at least 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 18 or SEQ ID NO: 125; (b) a 16S rDNA sequence having at least 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 19, SEQ ID NO: 126, SEQ ID NO: 127, SEQ ID NO: 128, SEQ ID NO: 129, SEQ ID NO: 130, or SEQ ID NO: 131; and / or (c) a 16S rDNA sequence having at least 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 20 or SEQ ID NO: 132.In some respects, various bacteria also include: (a) a 16S rDNA sequence having at least 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 21 or SEQ ID NO: 133; (b) a 16S rDNA sequence having at least 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 22 or SEQ ID NO: 134; and / or (c) a 16S rDNA sequence having at least 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 23, SEQ ID NO: 135, SEQ ID NO: 136, SEQ ID NO: 137, SEQ ID NO: 138, SEQ ID NO: 139, SEQ ID NO: 140, SEQ ID NO: 141, SEQ ID NO: 142, SEQ ID NO: 143, SEQ ID NO: 144, SEQ ID NO: 145, SEQ ID NO: 146, SEQ ID NO: 14 ...48, SEQ ID NO: 139, SEQ ID NO: 140, SEQ ID NO: 141, SEQ ID NO: 142, SEQ ID NO: 143 The sequences shown in SEQ ID NO: 147 or SEQ ID NO: 148 have at least 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity. In some aspects, various bacteria also contain 16S rDNA sequences having at least 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequences shown in SEQ ID NO: 24, SEQ ID NO: 149, SEQ ID NO: 150, or SEQ ID NO: 151. In some respects, various bacteria also contain 16S rDNA sequences having at least 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequences shown in SEQ ID NO: 25, SEQ ID NO: 50, SEQ ID NO: 51, SEQ ID NO: 52, SEQ ID NO: 53, SEQ ID NO: 54, SEQ ID NO: 55, SEQ ID NO: 56, SEQ ID NO: 57, SEQ ID NO: 58, SEQ ID NO: 59, SEQ ID NO: 60, SEQ ID NO: 152, SEQ ID NO: 153, SEQ ID NO: 154, SEQ ID NO: 155, SEQ ID NO: 156, or SEQ ID NO: 157.In some respects, various bacteria also include: (a) a 16S rDNA sequence having at least 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 18 or SEQ ID NO: 125; (b) a 16S rDNA sequence having at least 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 19, SEQ ID NO: 126, SEQ ID NO: 127, SEQ ID NO: 128, SEQ ID NO: 129, SEQ ID NO: 130, or SEQ ID NO: 131; and / or (c) a 16S rDNA sequence having at least 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 20 or SEQ ID NO: 132. In some respects, various bacteria also include: (a) a 16S rDNA sequence having at least 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 21 or SEQ ID NO: 133; (b) a 16S rDNA sequence having at least 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 22 or SEQ ID NO: 134; and / or (c) a 16S rDNA sequence having at least 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 23, SEQ ID NO: 135, SEQ ID NO: 136, SEQ ID NO: 137, SEQ ID NO: 138, SEQ ID NO: 139, SEQ ID NO: 140, SEQ ID NO: 141, SEQ ID NO: 142, SEQ ID NO: 143, SEQ ID NO: 144, SEQ ID NO: 145, SEQ ID NO: 146, SEQ ID NO: 14 ...48, SEQ ID NO: 139, SEQ ID NO: 140, SEQ ID NO: 141, SEQ ID NO: 142, SEQ ID NO: 143 The sequences shown in SEQ ID NO: 147 or SEQ ID NO: 148 have at least 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity. In some aspects, various bacteria also contain 16S rDNA sequences having at least 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequences shown in SEQ ID NO: 24, SEQ ID NO: 149, SEQ ID NO: 150, or SEQ ID NO: 151.In some respects, various bacteria also contain 16S rDNA sequences having at least 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequences shown in SEQ ID NO: 25, SEQ ID NO: 50, SEQ ID NO: 51, SEQ ID NO: 52, SEQ ID NO: 53, SEQ ID NO: 54, SEQ ID NO: 55, SEQ ID NO: 56, SEQ ID NO: 57, SEQ ID NO: 58, SEQ ID NO: 59, SEQ ID NO: 60, SEQ ID NO: 152, SEQ ID NO: 153, SEQ ID NO: 154, SEQ ID NO: 155, SEQ ID NO: 156, or SEQ ID NO: 157. In some aspects, various bacteria also contain 16S rDNA sequences having at least 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequences shown in SEQ ID NO: 26, SEQ ID NO: 158, SEQ ID NO: 159, SEQ ID NO: 160, SEQ ID NO: 161, SEQ ID NO: 162, or SEQ ID NO: 163. In some aspects, various bacteria also contain 16S rDNA sequences having at least 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequences shown in SEQ ID NO: 27 or SEQ ID NO: 164.In some respects, various bacteria also include: (a) a 16S rDNA sequence having at least 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence shown in any one of SEQ ID NO: 29, SEQ ID NO: 32, SEQ ID NO: 33, SEQ ID NO: 34, SEQ ID NO: 35, SEQ ID NO: 36, or SEQ ID NO: 37; (b) a 16S rDNA sequence having at least 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence shown in any one of SEQ ID NO: 30, SEQ ID NO: 38, SEQ ID NO: 39, SEQ ID NO: 40, SEQ ID NO: 41, SEQ ID NO: 42, SEQ ID NO: 43, SEQ ID NO: 44, SEQ ID NO: 166, SEQ ID NO: 167, SEQ ID NO: 168, SEQ ID NO: 169, SEQ ID NO: 170, SEQ ID NO: 171, or SEQ ID NO: 37. The sequence shown in any of SEQ ID NO: 172 has at least 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity; and / or (c) a 16S rDNA sequence having at least 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence shown in any of SEQ ID NO: 31, SEQ ID NO: 45, SEQ ID NO: 46, SEQ ID NO: 47, SEQ ID NO: 48, SEQ ID NO: 49, SEQ ID NO: 173, SEQ ID NO: 174, SEQ ID NO: 175, SEQ ID NO: 176, or SEQ ID NO: 177.

[0039] For any composition provided herein, in some respects, the various bacteria also include additional bacterial species having one or more of the following characteristics: (1) capable of transplantation (long-term and / or short-term) when administered to a subject; (2) capable of having anti-inflammatory activity (e.g., the ability to inhibit TNF-α-driven IL-8 secretion in in vitro epithelial cells and downregulate the expression of inflammatory genes (e.g., CXCL1, CXCL2, CXCL3, CXCL11, ICAM1); (3) not capable of inducing pro-inflammatory activity; (4) capable of producing secondary bile acids (e.g., 7α-dehydroxylase and bile salt hydrolase activity); (5) capable of producing tryptophan metabolites (e.g., indole, 3-methylindole, indolepropionic acid). (6) Able to restore and / or maintain epithelial integrity (e.g., as determined by primary epithelial cell monolayer barrier integrity assay); (7) Able to produce short-chain fatty acids (e.g., butyrate, propionate); (8) Able to inhibit HDAC activity; (9) Able to produce medium-chain fatty acids (e.g., valerate, hexanoate); (10) Able to express catalase activity; (11) Able to possess α-fucosidase activity; (12) Able to produce B vitamins (e.g., thiamine (B1) and / or pyridoxine (B6)); (13) Able to reduce fecal calprotectin levels; (14) Cannot activate Toll-like receptor pathways (e.g., TLR4 or TLR5); (15) Able to activate Toll-like receptor pathways. (16) can restore colonization resistance; (17) can utilize carbon sources extensively; (18) can reduce VRE pathogen carrying; (19) can reduce CRE pathogen carrying; (20) can reduce E. coli pathogen carrying; (21) can reduce the expression of sealing protein-2; (22) can be associated with the gut microbiota of healthy individuals; (23) can be unrelated to toxins and hemolysin genes associated with Clostridium pathogens and have no significant cytopathic effect in vitro; (24) is sensitive to a variety of clinically relevant antibiotics; (25) can be unrelated to genes that may be responsible for observed antibiotic resistance and transmissible genes; (26) can inhibit epithelial cell apoptosis; (27) can be used to reduce the expression of VRE pathogens; (19) can reduce CRE pathogen carrying; (20) can reduce E. coli pathogen carrying; (21) can reduce the expression of sealing protein-2; (22) can be associated with the gut microbiota of healthy individuals; (23) can be unrelated to toxins and hemolysin genes associated with Clostridium pathogens and have no significant cytopathic effect in vitro; (24) can be sensitive to a variety of clinically relevant antibiotics; (25) can be unrelated to genes that may be responsible for observed antibiotic resistance and transmissible genes; (26) can inhibit epithelial cell apoptosis; (27) can reduce the expression of VRE pathogens; (28) can reduce the expression of VRE pathogens; (29) can reduce the expression of VRE pathogens; (20) can reduce the expression of VRE pathogens; (21) can reduce the expression of VRE pathogens; (22) can reduce the expression of VRE pathogens; (23) can reduce the expression of VRE pathogens; (24) can reduce the expression of VRE pathogens; (25) can reduce the expression of VRE pathogens; (26) can reduce the expression of VRE pathogens; (27) can reduce the expression of VRE pathogens; (28) can Regulate one or more genes induced in IFN-γ-treated colonic organoids (e.g., those associated with inflammatory chemokine signaling, NF-κ3 signaling, TNF family signaling, type I interferon signaling, type II interferon signaling, TLR signaling, lymphocyte transport, Th17 cell differentiation, Th1 differentiation, Th2 differentiation, apoptosis, inflammasomes, autophagy, oxidative stress, MHC class I and II antigen presentation, complement, mTor, nod-like receptor signaling, PI3K signaling, or combinations thereof); (28) be able to reduce the expression of one or more inhibitory receptors (e.g., TIGIT, TIM-3, or LAG-3) on CD8+ T cells;(29) Can increase the expression of one or more genes / proteins (e.g., CD45RO, CD69, IL-24, TNF-α, perforin, or IFN-γ) associated with CD8+ T cell activation and / or function; (30) Can enhance and / or improve tolerance to chemotherapeutic agents; (31) Can enhance the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy; (32) Can promote the recruitment of CD8+ T cells to tumors; (33) Can induce an anti-inflammatory IL-10-skewed IL-10 / IL-6 cytokine ratio in macrophages; (34) Can induce a higher ratio in macrophages than donor-derived spore-based compositions (i.e., spore-based... (35) The combination of spores (e.g., less inflammatory response but similar pathogen defense response); (36) can increase the amount of anti-inflammatory mediators (e.g., IL-1 receptor antagonists (IL-1RA), IL-4, IL-10, IL-11, IL-13, TGF-β); (37) can alleviate colonic inflammation; (38) can treat and / or prevent diseases or conditions, such as those associated with gastrointestinal dysbiosis; (39) can increase the diversity of the gastrointestinal microbiome in subjects; (40) can improve the integrity of the mucosal and / or epithelial barrier in subjects compared with reference controls (e.g., untreated patients or subjects before treatment); It can promote mucosal healing; (41) reduce the incidence of infection; (42) reduce the need for antibiotics in subjects; (43) reduce the abundance of biomarkers of infection in subjects' feces; (44) increase the abundance of biomarkers of the applied species in subjects' feces; (45) target and deliver most (e.g., 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, 99.5%, 99.6%, 99.7%, 99.8%, or 99.9% of the applied species relative to the number of colony-forming units applied) or all of the applied species to the subjects. The composition is intended to produce a therapeutic benefit after a single administration to a subject of the composition or pharmaceutical composition described herein; (46) be able to be co-administered with other agents described herein without substantially reducing the therapeutic benefit of the administered species; (47) be able to be co-administered with carriers or excipients described herein without substantially reducing the therapeutic benefit of the administered species; (48) be able to be co-administered with carriers or excipients described herein without substantially reducing the therapeutic benefit of the administered species; (49) be able to utilize lactulose; (50) contain a lanthanum antibiotic operon; (51) be able to be associated with reduced abundance in patients with liver disease (e.g., cirrhosis); or (52) any combination thereof.

[0040] For any composition provided herein, in some respects, each of the various bacteria is capable of forming spores. In some respects, each of the various bacteria is in spore form. In some respects, the composition also comprises pharmaceutically acceptable excipients. Attached Figure Description

[0041] Figure 1 A table listing exemplary bacterial compositions described herein is provided. SEQ ID NOs of the 16S sequences of bacterial species in the different bacterial compositions are provided. “0” indicates that no bacterial species is present; “1” indicates that a bacterial species is present in the given bacterial composition. Bacterial species that are part of the strain core and R group are also indicated.

[0042] Figure 2A-2I This study demonstrates the ability of different bacterial compositions to decolonize or reduce the abundance of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus spp. (VRE) and carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) in mouse models. Figure 2A A schematic diagram of the experimental design is provided. As shown, animals were infected with VRE or CRE and then treated with one of the following: (1) PBS, (2) DE1, (3) DE2, (4) DE3, (5) DE4, (6) DE5.1, (7) DE6, and (8) fecal microbial grafts (FMT). Animals undergoing the experiment for the first time (i.e., those without pathogen infection and without treatment) were used as controls. Figure 2B Provides a comparison of VRE titers over a 21-day period following a VRE attack. Figure 2C Provides a comparison of CRE titers over a 21-day period following a CRE attack. Figure 2B and 2C In this table, VRE titers and CRE titers are displayed as colony forming units (CFU) / g feces. "LOD" refers to the limit of detection. Figure 2D-2F This shows that after administration to mice infected with CRE, DE2 ( Figure 2D ), DE3 ( Figure 2E ) and DE5.1 ( Figure 2F Transplantation of different bacterial species present in ). Figure 2G-2I This shows that after administration to mice infected with VRE, DE2 ( Figure 2G ), DE3 ( Figure 2H ) and DE5.1 ( Figure 2I Transplantation of different bacterial species present in ).

[0043] Figures 3A-3C This study demonstrates the ability of different bacterial compositions to decolonize or reduce the abundance of three pathogens (i.e., carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae, extended-spectrum β-lactamase-containing Escherichia coli, and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus spp.) in a mouse model. Mice were treated with one of the following following pathogen challenge (between days 4 and 9): (1) PBS, (2) DE3, (3) DE7, (4) DE10, (5) DE9, and (6) DE8. Figure 3AProvides a comparison of CRE titers over a 21-day period following a CRE attack. Figure 3B Provides a comparison of ESBL+ E. coli (EC) titers over a period of 21 days following EC challenge. Figure 3C Provides a comparison of VRE titers over a 21-day period following VRE challenge. Pathogen titers are shown as colony forming units (CFU) / g.

[0044] Figures 4A-4C This study demonstrates the ability of different bacterial compositions to decolonize or reduce the abundance of three pathogens (i.e., carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae, vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus spp., and carbapenem-resistant Escherichia coli) in an in vitro gut ecological model (iGEM). Adding Cr-Kpn (on day 4) prior to vancomycin pretreatment... Figure 4A VRE Figure 4B ) or Cr-Escherichia coli ( Figure 4C ), and Cr-Kpn was added again during the vancomycin pretreatment period (day 6). Figure 4A ) or VRE ( Figure 4B Starting one day after the end of vancomycin treatment, test bacterial compositions (i.e., DE3, DE5.1, DE7, DE9, DE10, DE2, or FMTFMT) were added over 7 days (days 10–16) (microbiome intervention). Pathogen load was measured by scoring CFU (colony-forming units) on a pathogen selectivity plate.

[0045] Figure 5A-5G 5G demonstrates the ability of the DE2 bacterial composition to decolonize or reduce the abundance of three pathogens (i.e., carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae, vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus spp., and carbapenem-resistant Escherichia coli) in an in vitro gut ecological model (iGEM). Adding Cr-Kpn (on day 4) prior to vancomycin pretreatment... Figure 5A ), VRE (Figure 5B5B) or Cr-Escherichia coli ( Figure 5C VRE was added again during the vancomycin pretreatment period (day 6) (Figure 5B5B). Bacterial composition DE2 was added over 5 days (days 10–14) starting one day after the end of vancomycin treatment. Pathogen load was measured by scoring CFU (colony-forming units) on a pathogen selectivity plate.

[0046] Figure 5GThe DE3 and DE5.2 bacterial compositions demonstrated their ability to reduce the abundance of Cr-Escherichia coli compared to spore-forming formulations and FMT in iGEM. Cr-Escherichia coli was added prior to vancomycin pretreatment (day 4). The bacterial compositions, spore-forming formulations, and FMT were added over 5 days (days 10–14), starting one day after the end of vancomycin treatment. Pathogen load was measured by scoring CFU (colony-forming units) on a pathogen selectivity plate.

[0047] Figure 6 A-6B provides the average concentration of secondary bile acids produced in cultures of DE2, DE3, DE8, DE10, DE9, DE7, and FCMA.BA. Figure 6 A provides the average concentrations of the following bile acids: 12-ketolithocholic acid, 3-oxocholic acid, cholic acid, deoxycholic acid, glycocholic acid, ketodeoxycholic acid-like acid, taurocholic acid, and ursolic acid. Figure 6 B provides the average concentrations of the following bile acids: 3-oxochenodeoxycholic acid, chenodeoxycholic acid, glycochenodeoxycholic acid, isolithocholic acid, lithocholic acid, taurinechenodeoxycholic acid, ursodeoxycholic acid, and z-ketolithocholic acid.

[0048] Figure 7 A-7B shows DE5.2 ( Figure 7 A) and DE11 Figure 7 B) Effect on decolonization of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (Cr-Kpn) in a mouse model. Following pathogen challenge (between days 4 and 9), bacteria were tested using PBS (control) or one of the bacterial compositions used for testing (i.e., Figure 7 DE5.2 and in A Figure 7 Mice were treated with DE11 in B. The effect on Cr-Kpn decolonization was shown as pathogen titer over a period of 21 days post-infection. Pathogen titer was shown as colony-forming units (CFU) / g feces.

[0049] Figure 8 A-8B shows DE5.2 ( Figure 8 A) and DE11 Figure 8 B) Effect on decolonization of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus spp. (VRE). Following pathogen challenge (between days 2 and 7), bacteria were tested using PBS (control) or one of the bacterial compositions used for testing (i.e., Figure 8 DE5.2 and in A Figure 8 Mice were treated with DE11 in B. The effect on VRE decolonization was shown as VRE titers over a period of 21 days following VRE challenge. VRE titers were expressed as colony-forming units (CFU) / g feces.

[0050] Figure 9 Showing the use of ALTIS A schematic diagram of the in vitro IFN-γ-induced epithelial barrier damage assay performed by the system.

[0051] Figure 10 A-10B demonstrates the protective effect of the following bacterial compositions against IFN-γ-induced barrier damage: DE3, DE5.2, DE9, DE10, and DE2. Relative fluorescence units (RFUs) were measured. This effect is shown as the relative fluorescence units (RFUs) of the fluorescent yellow fluorescence of IFN-γ alone compared to the tested DE culture supernatant.

[0052] Figure 11A-1 1. This study demonstrates the ability of a bacterial spore preparation to decolonize or reduce the abundance of three pathogens (i.e., carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae, extended-spectrum β-lactamase-containing Escherichia coli, and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus spp.) in a mouse model. Mice were treated with one of the following following pathogen challenge: (1) PBS, or (2) the bacterial spore preparation. Figure 11A Provides a comparison of CRE titers over a 21-day period following a CRE attack. Figure 11B Provides a comparison of ESBL+ E. coli (EC) titers over a period of 21 days following EC challenge. Figure 11C Provides a comparison of VRE titers over a 21-day period following VRE challenge. Pathogen titers are shown as colony-forming units (CFU) / g feces. Detailed Implementation

[0053] This document provides a method for treating a disease or condition in a subject of need (e.g., treating infectious complications arising from chronic liver disease, cancerous neutropenia, and / or diseases or conditions associated with solid organ transplantation), the method comprising administering to the subject a bacterial composition specifically designed to contain certain symbiotic bacteria. As further described herein, the symbiotic bacteria exhibit certain properties (e.g., those disclosed herein) that can be used to reduce or prevent the colonization (i.e., promote decolonization) and / or decrease the abundance of certain microbial pathogens in the subject's gastrointestinal tract. Further aspects are provided throughout this disclosure.

[0054] To aid in understanding the disclosures herein, several terms and phrases have been defined. Additional definitions are provided throughout the detailed description.

[0055] I. Definition

[0056] It should be noted that the term "a" or "an" refers to one or more of the entities described; for example, "a bacterial composition" should be understood to mean one or more bacterial compositions. Therefore, the terms "a" (or "an"), "one or more", and "at least one" are used interchangeably herein.

[0057] Furthermore, when used herein, “and / or” should be considered as specifically disclosing each of two specified features or components, with or without the other. Thus, the term “and / or” as used herein in phrases such as “A and / or B” is intended to include “A and B”, “A or B”, “A” (alone), and “B” (alone). Similarly, the term “and / or” as used in phrases such as “A, B, and / or C” is intended to cover each of the following: A, B, and C; A, B, or C; A or C; A or B; B or C; A and C; A and B; B and C; A (alone); B (alone); and C (alone).

[0058] It should be understood that whenever an aspect is described herein with the word "comprising," other similar aspects described with "consisting of" and / or "substantially consisting of" are also provided. As used herein, "comprising" is synonymous with "including," "containing," or "characterized in," and is inclusive or open-ended, and does not exclude additional, unstated elements or method steps. As used herein, "consisting of" excludes any element, step, or component not specified in the elements of the claim. As used herein, "substantially consisting of" does not exclude materials or steps that do not substantially affect the essential and novel features of the claimed claim.

[0059] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this disclosure pertains.

[0060] Units, prefixes, and symbols are represented in their SI-acceptable form. Numerical ranges include the values ​​defining the range. Unless otherwise indicated, nucleotide sequences are written from left to right with a 5′ to 3′ orientation. Amino acid sequences are written from left to right with an amino to carboxyl orientation. The headings provided herein are not intended to limit the various aspects of this disclosure, which are derived from the entire specification. Therefore, the terms defined below are more fully explained by reference to the entire specification.

[0061] As is clear from the context, the term "at least" preceding a number or series of numbers should be understood to include the number adjacent to the term "at least," as well as any subsequent numbers or integers that could logically be included. For example, the number of nucleotides in a nucleic acid molecule must be an integer. For example, "at least 18 nucleotides in a nucleic acid molecule of 21 nucleotides" means that 18, 19, 20, or 21 nucleotides have the specified property. When "at least" appears before a series of numbers or a range, it should be understood that "at least" can modify every number in the series or range. "At least" is also not limited to integers (e.g., "at least 5%" includes 5.0%, 5.1%, 5.18%, regardless of the number of significant figures).

[0062] As used herein, the term “approximately” or “about” when applied to one or more target values ​​means a value similar to the stated reference value and within a range of values ​​(greater than or less than) 25%, 20%, 19%, 18%, 17%, 16%, 15%, 14%, 13%, 12%, 11%, 10%, 9%, 8%, 7%, 6%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1%, or less in any direction of the stated reference value, unless otherwise stated or otherwise obvious from the context (except where such a value would exceed 100% of the possible value). While the term “approximately” or “about” is applied herein to a particular value, values ​​without the term “approximately” or “about” are also disclosed herein.

[0063] As stated herein, unless otherwise indicated, any concentration range, percentage range, ratio range, or integer range shall be understood to include any integer value within the listed range, and, where appropriate, its fractions (such as one-tenth and one-hundredth of an integer).

[0064] As used herein, the terms “treatment,” “treatment,” and “therapeutic” mean any type of intervention or procedure performed on a subject or the administration of an active agent (e.g., any bacterial composition provided herein) to a subject with the aim of reversing, alleviating, improving, inhibiting, preventing, or slowing the progression, development, severity, or recurrence of symptoms, complications, disorders, or biochemical indicators associated with the disease or condition described herein (e.g., chronic liver disease, neutropenia, and / or disease or condition related to solid organ transplantation). As used herein, the terms “treat,” “treating,” and “treatment” mean the administration of an effective dose or effective dosage. As further described herein, in some aspects, treating the disease or condition described herein includes reducing the incidence of infection or preventing said infection in subjects suffering from the disease or condition.

[0065] As used herein, the terms “prevent,” “preventing,” and “prevention” mean the partial or complete delay of the onset of the disease or condition described herein; the partial or complete delay of the onset of one or more symptoms, features, or clinical manifestations of the disease or condition described herein; the partial or complete delay of the onset of one or more symptoms, features, or manifestations of the disease or condition described herein; the partial or complete delay of the progression of the disease or condition described herein; and / or a reduction in the risk of developing a pathology associated with the disease or condition described herein. In some aspects, any bacterial composition provided herein may help prevent the occurrence of infection in a subject suffering from the disease or condition described herein. As further described herein, in some aspects, by preventing the occurrence of infection, the bacterial compositions provided herein may help treat the disease or condition in a subject.

[0066] The term “microbiome” refers to the ecological community of microorganisms that exist (continuously or temporarily) in and on animal subjects, usually mammals such as humans, including eukaryotes, archaea, bacteria, and viruses (including bacterial viruses, i.e. bacteriophages).

[0067] The term “microbiome” refers to the genetic contents of a community of microorganisms that live sustainably and temporarily within and on the human body, including eukaryotes, archaea, bacteria, and viruses (including bacterial viruses (i.e., bacteriophages)). The “genetic contents” include genomic DNA, RNA such as ribosomal RNA, epigenome, plasmids, and all other types of genetic information.

[0068] The term "microhabitat" or "microenvironment" refers to the ecological space occupied by an organism or group of organisms. A microhabitat describes how an organism or group of organisms responds to the distribution of resources, physical parameters (such as host organization space), and competitors (e.g., through growth when resources are abundant and when predators, parasites, and pathogens are scarce), and how it in turn alters these same factors (e.g., by limiting other organisms' access to resources, acting as a food source for predators, and consuming prey).

[0069] The term "ecological dysbiosis" refers to a state in which the microbial community of the GI tract or other bodily regions, including mucous membranes or skin surfaces, in a subject is disrupted, resulting in a loss of normal diversity and / or function of the ecological network. This unhealthy state can be attributed to reduced diversity, overgrowth of one or more pathogens or pathogenic symbionts, mutually beneficial symbiotic organisms capable of causing disease only when certain genetic and / or environmental conditions are present in the subject, or a shift towards a microbial network that no longer provides essential functions to the host subject and therefore no longer promotes a healthy ecological microbial network. As described herein, in some respects, diseases or conditions treatable with this disclosure (e.g., chronic liver disease, neutropenia, and / or diseases or conditions associated with solid organ transplantation) may be associated with ecological dysbiosis.

[0070] As used herein, the term "operational taxonomic unit" or "OTU" (or plural "OTUs") refers to a terminal leaf in a phylogenetic tree and is defined by a nucleic acid sequence, such as the entire genome or a specific genetic sequence, and all sequences that share sequence identity with this nucleic acid sequence at the species level. In some embodiments, the specific genetic sequence may be a 16S rDNA sequence or a portion of a 16S rDNA sequence. In some aspects, the entire genomes of two entities are sequenced and compared. In other aspects, selected regions, such as multiple sequence tags (MLSTs), specific genes, or gene sets, can be compared genetically. In some respects, OTUs sharing ≥97% average nucleotide identity across the entire 16S or 16S rDNA variable region (e.g., V4 region) are considered the same OTU (see, for example, Claesson MJ, Wang Q, O′Sullivan O, Greene-Diniz R, Cole JR, Ros RP, and O′Toole P W. 2010. Comparison of two next-generation sequencing technologies for resolving highly complex microbiome composition using tandem variable 16S rRNA gene regions. Nucleic Acids Res38:e200. Konstantinidis KT, Ramette A, and Tiedje J M. 2006. The bacterial species definition in the genomic era. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 361:1929-1940).In cases involving complete genomes, MLSTs, specific genes, or gene sets, OSUs sharing ≥95% average nucleotide identity are considered the same OTU (see, for example, Achtman M and Wagner M. 2008. Microbial diversity and the genetic nature of microbial species. Nat. Rev. Microbiol. 6: 431-440. Konstantinidis KT, Ramette A and Tiedje J M. 2006. The bacterial species definition in the genomic era. Philos TransR Soc Lond B Biol Sci 361: 1929-1940.). OSUs are often determined by comparing sequences between organisms. Generally, sequences with less than 95% sequence identity are not considered to form part of the same OSU. In some cases, an OTU is characterized by a combination of nucleotide markers, genes, and / or single nucleotide variants (SNVs). In some respects, the reference gene is a highly conserved gene (e.g., a “housekeeper” gene). The characteristics defining an OTU can be a combination of the foregoing. This characterization uses, for example, WGS data or whole genome sequences. When OTUs are identical, they will typically share common functional characteristics.

[0071] As used herein, the term "phylogenetic tree" refers to a graphical representation of the evolutionary relationship between one genetic sequence and another, generated using a defined set of phylogenetic building algorithms (e.g., parsimony, maximum likelihood, or Bayesian). Nodes in the tree represent unique ancestral sequences, and the confidence of any node is provided by a measure of the branch uncertainty, or a Bayesian posterior probability.

[0072] Identification and reference to the bacterial species described herein can be found throughout this disclosure, including figures / figures, tables, and sequence listings. Where taxonomic names are used to refer to a particular bacterium, it should be understood that the bacterium may have previously had different taxonomic names, and those skilled in the art will have resources available to identify and associate with those taxonomic names described herein (as used in the art), or both. Such resources include, but are not limited to, Bergey's Manual of Systematics of Archea and Bacteria (1st edition); Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology (2nd edition); online versions are available at onlinelibrary.wiley.com / doi / book / 10.1002 / 9781118960608; and the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) database, available online at www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov / taxonomy.

[0073] As used herein, the terms “subject,” “individual,” and “patient” are used interchangeably and refer to any animal subject, including humans, laboratory animals (e.g., primates, rats, mice), livestock (e.g., cows, sheep, goats, pigs, turkeys, and chickens), and domestic pets (e.g., dogs, cats, and rodents).

[0074] "Coronation" of a host organism includes the non-transient residence of bacteria or other microorganisms. In the context of treatment, the host is generally referred to herein as the "subject," typically a human or other mammal. As used herein, "reducing colonization by pathogenic bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract (or any other microbial microenvironment) of the host subject" or "inhibiting colonization by pathogenic bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract (or any other microbial microenvironment) of the host subject" includes a reduction in the residence time of pathogens in the gastrointestinal tract and a reduction in the number (or concentration) of pathogens in the gastrointestinal tract or adhering to the luminal surface of the gastrointestinal tract. The reduction in adherent pathogens can be demonstrated, for example, by a biopsy sample, or the reduction can be measured indirectly, for example, by measuring the pathogen load in the feces of a mammalian host.

[0075] As used in this article, the term “suppression” (or its grammatical variations) includes both full suppression and partial suppression.

[0076] As used herein, the term "multiple bacteria" refers to a combination of two or more types of bacteria. A "combination" of two or more types of bacteria includes the physical coexistence of two types of bacteria in the same substance or product or in physically related products, as well as the temporal co-application or co-location of two types of bacteria.

[0077] For nucleic acids, the term "substantial homology" indicates that two nucleic acids or their designated sequences are identical in at least about 80%, at least about 90% to 95%, or at least about 98% to 99.5% of nucleotides when optimally aligned and compared, with appropriate nucleotide insertions or deletions. In some aspects, two nucleic acids (e.g., 16S rDNA sequences) are considered to share substantial homology if they have sequence identity of at least about 95%, at least about 95.5%, at least about 96%, at least about 96.5%, at least about 97%, at least about 97.5%, at least about 98%, at least about 98.5%, at least about 99%, at least about 99.1%, at least about 99.2%, at least about 99.3%, at least about 99.4%, at least about 99.5%, at least about 99.6%, at least about 99.7%, at least about 99.8%, or at least about 99.9%. In some respects, bacteria sharing substantial homology in their 16S rDNA sequences can be considered the same species. In other respects, bacteria of the same species share one or more functional characteristics (e.g., as described herein). Alternatively, substantial homology exists when segments will hybridize to complementary sequences of the strand under selective hybridization conditions.

[0078] For peptides, the term "substantial homology" indicates that two peptides or their designated sequences are identical in at least about 80% of amino acids, at least about 90% to 95% or at least about 98% to 99.5% of amino acids when optimally aligned and compared, with appropriate amino acid insertions or deletions.

[0079] The percentage of identity between two sequences is a function of the number of common positions shared by the sequences, taking into account the number of gaps that need to be introduced to achieve optimal alignment of the two sequences and the length of each gap (i.e., homology % = number of common positions / total number of positions x 100). Sequence comparisons and the determination of the percentage of identity between two sequences can be implemented using mathematical algorithms, as described in the following non-limiting examples.

[0080] The percentage of identity between two nucleotide sequences can be determined using the GAP procedure in the GCG software package (available at worldwideWeb.gcg.com), using the NWSgapdna.CMP matrix and vacancy weights of 40, 50, 60, 70, or 80 and length weights of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6. The percentage of identity between two nucleotide or amino acid sequences can also be determined using the algorithm of E. Meyers and W. Miller (CABIOS, 4:11-17 (1989)), which has been incorporated into the ALIGN procedure (version 2.0), using a PAM120 weighted residue table, a vacancy length penalty of 12, and a vacancy penalty of 4. Alternatively, the percentage of identity between two amino acid sequences can be determined using the Needleman and Wunsch (J.Mol.Biol.(48):444-453(1970)) algorithm in the GAP program, which is incorporated into the GCG software package (available at worldwideweb.gcg.com), using a Blossum 62 matrix or a PAM250 matrix, with vacancy weights of 16, 14, 12, 10, 8, 6, or 4, and length weights of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6.

[0081] The nucleic acid and protein sequences described herein can be further used as “query sequences” for searching relative to public databases to, for example, identify relevant sequences. Such searches can be performed using the NBLAST and XBLAST programs (version 2.0) of Altschul et al. (1990) J.Mol.Biol.215:403-10. BLAST nucleotide searches can be performed using the NBLAST program (score = 100, word length = 12) to obtain nucleotide sequences homologous to the nucleic acid molecules described herein. BLAST protein searches can be performed using the XBLAST program (score = 50, word length = 3) to obtain amino acid sequences homologous to the protein molecules described herein. For vacancy alignment for comparative purposes, vacancy-optimized BLAST can be used as described in Altschul et al., (1997) Nucleic Acids Res.25(17):3389-3402. When using BLAST and vacancy-optimized BLAST programs, the default parameters of the respective programs (e.g., XBLAST and NBLAST) can be used. See Worldwideweb.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Other methods known in the art for determining identity may be used.

[0082] As used in this article, the terms “ug” and “uM” are used interchangeably with “μg” and “μM”, respectively.

[0083] II. Bacterial (Microbiome) Composition

[0084] Some aspects of this disclosure relate to compositions comprising multiple bacteria (“bacterial compositions”), including one or more OTUs or bacterial species, which can be used to treat and / or prevent a wide range of diseases and conditions (e.g., those described herein). Unless otherwise stated, the multiple bacteria may include any suitable bacteria that can be used to treat and / or prevent the diseases and conditions described herein. For example, in some aspects, the multiple bacteria comprise bacteria directly derived from the feces of a healthy person or bacteria fermented from a culture (including a biopure culture) (“cultured bacteria”). As used herein, “bacteria directly derived from the feces of a healthy human subject” (or its equivalent) means bacteria that have not yet been cultured. Thus, in some aspects, the bacterial compositions provided herein comprise multiple bacteria, each of which is directly derived from human feces (e.g., the feces of a healthy human subject). In some aspects, the bacterial compositions provided herein comprise multiple bacteria, each of which has been cultured. In some aspects, the multiple bacteria comprise a mixture of bacteria directly derived from the feces of a healthy human subject and cultured bacteria. In some aspects, the multiple bacteria that can be used in this disclosure comprise spores, vegetative cells, or both. Therefore, in some aspects, the bacterial compositions provided herein comprise a variety of bacteria, wherein one or more of said bacteria are in spore form. In some aspects, the bacterial compositions provided herein comprise a variety of bacteria, wherein each of said bacteria is in spore form. In some aspects, such bacterial compositions do not contain any vegetative cells. In some aspects, the bacterial compositions provided herein comprise a variety of bacteria, wherein one or more of said bacteria are in vegetative form. In some aspects, the bacterial compositions provided herein comprise a variety of bacteria, wherein one or more of said bacteria are in spore form, and both one or more of said bacteria are in vegetative form.

[0085] Non-limiting examples of bacteria that may be used in this disclosure include those exhibiting one or more of the following characteristics: (1) transplantability (long-term and / or short-term) when administered to a subject; (2) the ability to possess anti-inflammatory activity (e.g., the ability to inhibit TNF-α-driven IL-8 secretion in in vitro epithelial cells and downregulate the expression of inflammatory genes (e.g., CXCL1, CXCL2, CXCL3, CXCL11, ICAM1)); (3) the inability to induce pro-inflammatory activity; (4) the ability to produce secondary bile acids (e.g., 7α-dehydroxylase and bile salt hydrolase activity); (5) the ability to produce tryptophan metabolites (e.g., indole, 3-methylindole, indolepropionic acid); (6) the ability to restore and / or restore the inflammatory response of a person. Or maintain epithelial integrity (e.g., as determined by primary epithelial cell monolayer barrier integrity assay); (7) be able to produce short-chain fatty acids (e.g., butyrate, propionate); (8) be able to inhibit HDAC activity; (9) be able to produce medium-chain fatty acids (e.g., valerate, hexanoate); (10) be able to express catalase activity; (11) be able to have α-fucosidase activity; (12) be able to produce B vitamins (e.g., thiamine (B1) and / or pyridoxine (B6)); (13) be able to reduce fecal calprotectin levels; (14) not activate Toll-like receptor pathways (e.g., TLR4 or TLR5); (15) be able to activate Toll-like receptor pathways (e.g., (16) It can restore colonization resistance; (17) It can make extensive use of carbon sources; (18) It can reduce VRE pathogen carrying; (19) It can reduce CRE pathogen carrying; (20) It can reduce Escherichia coli pathogen carrying; (21) It can reduce the expression of sealing protein-2; (22) It can be associated with the gut microbiota of healthy people; (23) It can be unrelated to toxins and hemolysin genes associated with Clostridium pathogens and has no significant cytopathic effect in vitro; (24) It is sensitive to a variety of clinically relevant antibiotics; (25) It can be unrelated to genes that may be responsible for observed antibiotic resistance and transmissible genes; (26) It can inhibit epithelial cell apoptosis; (27) It can downregulate I One or more genes induced in FN-γ-treated colonic organoids (e.g., those associated with inflammatory chemokine signaling, NF-κB signaling, TNF family signaling, type I interferon signaling, type II interferon signaling, TLR signaling, lymphocyte transport, Th17 cell differentiation, Th1 differentiation, Th2 differentiation, apoptosis, inflammasomes, autophagy, oxidative stress, MHC class I and II antigen presentation, complement, mTor, nod-like receptor signaling, PI3K signaling, or combinations thereof); (28) are able to reduce the expression of one or more inhibitory receptors (e.g., TIGIT, TIM-3, or LAG-3) on CD8+ T cells;(29) Can increase the expression of one or more genes / proteins (e.g., CD45RO, CD69, IL-24, TNF-α, perforin, or IFN-γ) associated with CD8+ T cell activation and / or function; (30) Can enhance and / or improve tolerance to chemotherapeutic agents; (31) Can enhance the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy; (32) Can promote the recruitment of CD8+ T cells to tumors; (33) Can induce an anti-inflammatory IL-10-skewed IL-10 / IL-6 cytokine ratio in macrophages; (34) Can induce a higher ratio in macrophages than donor-derived spore-based compositions (i.e., spore-based... (35) The combination of spores (e.g., less inflammatory response but similar pathogen defense response); (36) can increase the amount of anti-inflammatory mediators (e.g., IL-1 receptor antagonists (IL-1RA), IL-4, IL-10, IL-11, IL-13, TGF-β); (37) can alleviate colonic inflammation; (38) can treat and / or prevent diseases or conditions, such as those associated with gastrointestinal dysbiosis; (39) can increase the diversity of the gastrointestinal microbiome in subjects; (40) can improve the integrity of the mucosal and / or epithelial barrier in subjects compared with reference controls (e.g., untreated patients or subjects before treatment); It can promote mucosal healing; (41) reduce the incidence of infection; (42) reduce the need for antibiotics in subjects; (43) reduce the abundance of biomarkers of infection in subjects' feces; (44) increase the abundance of biomarkers of the applied species in subjects' feces; (45) target and deliver most (e.g., 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, 99.5%, 99.6%, 99.7%, 99.8%, or 99.9% of the applied species relative to the number of colony-forming units applied) or all of the applied species to the subjects. The composition is intended to produce a therapeutic benefit after a single administration to a subject of the composition or pharmaceutical composition described herein; (46) be able to be co-administered with other agents described herein without substantially reducing the therapeutic benefit of the administered species; (47) be able to be co-administered with carriers or excipients described herein without substantially reducing the therapeutic benefit of the administered species; (48) be able to be co-administered with carriers or excipients described herein without substantially reducing the therapeutic benefit of the administered species; (49) be able to utilize lactulose; (50) contain a lanthanum antibiotic operon; (51) be able to be associated with reduced abundance in patients with liver disease (e.g., cirrhosis); or (52) any combination thereof.

[0086] As will be apparent from this disclosure, in cases where a plurality of bacteria comprises one or more bacterial species exhibiting one or more of the aforementioned characteristics, in some aspects, the plurality of bacteria also exhibit one or more of the aforementioned characteristics. Therefore, in some aspects, the bacterial compositions provided herein comprise a plurality of bacteria exhibiting one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve, thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen, eighteen, nineteen, twenty, twenty-one, twenty-two, twenty-three, twenty-eight, twenty-nine, thirty, thirty, thirty-one, thirty-two, thirty-three, thirty-four, thirty-five, thirty-six, thirty-seven, thirty-eight, thirty-nine, forty ... In some aspects, multiple bacteria exhibit one of the characteristics provided above. In some aspects, multiple bacteria exhibit two of the characteristics provided above. In some aspects, multiple bacteria exhibit three of the characteristics provided above. In some aspects, multiple bacteria exhibit three of the characteristics provided above. In some aspects, multiple bacteria exhibit four of the characteristics provided above. In some aspects, multiple bacteria exhibit five of the characteristics provided above. In some aspects, multiple bacteria exhibit six of the characteristics provided above. In some aspects, multiple bacteria exhibit seven of the characteristics provided above. In some aspects, multiple bacteria exhibit eight of the characteristics provided above. In some aspects, multiple bacteria exhibit nine of the characteristics provided above. In some aspects, multiple bacteria exhibit ten of the characteristics provided above. In some aspects, multiple bacteria exhibit eleven of the characteristics provided above. In some aspects, multiple bacteria exhibit twelve of the characteristics provided above. In some aspects, multiple bacteria exhibit thirteen of the characteristics provided above. In some aspects, multiple bacteria exhibit fourteen of the characteristics provided above. In some aspects, multiple bacteria exhibit fifteen of the characteristics provided above. In some aspects, multiple bacteria exhibit 16 of the features provided above. In some aspects, multiple bacteria exhibit 17 of the features provided above. In some aspects, multiple bacteria exhibit 18 of the features provided above. In some aspects, multiple bacteria exhibit 19 of the features provided above. In some aspects, multiple bacteria exhibit 20 of the features provided above. In some aspects, multiple bacteria exhibit 21 of the features provided above. In some aspects, multiple bacteria exhibit 22 of the features provided above. In some aspects, multiple bacteria exhibit 23 of the features provided above. In some aspects, multiple bacteria exhibit 24 of the features provided above. In some aspects, multiple bacteria exhibit 25 of the features provided above. In some aspects, multiple bacteria exhibit 26 of the features provided above.In some aspects, multiple bacteria exhibit 27 of the features provided above. In some aspects, multiple bacteria exhibit 28 of the features provided above. In some aspects, multiple bacteria exhibit 29 of the features provided above. In some aspects, multiple bacteria exhibit 30 of the features provided above. In some aspects, multiple bacteria exhibit 31 of the features provided above. In some aspects, multiple bacteria exhibit 32 of the features provided above. In some aspects, multiple bacteria exhibit 33 of the features provided above. In some aspects, multiple bacteria exhibit 34 of the features provided above. In some aspects, multiple bacteria exhibit 35 of the features provided above. In some aspects, multiple bacteria exhibit 36 ​​of the features provided above. In some aspects, multiple bacteria exhibit 37 of the features provided above. In some aspects, multiple bacteria exhibit 38 of the features provided above. In some aspects, multiple bacteria exhibit 39 of the features provided above. In some aspects, multiple bacteria exhibit 40 of the features provided above. In some aspects, multiple bacteria exhibit 41 of the features provided above. In some aspects, multiple bacteria exhibit 42 of the features provided above. In some aspects, multiple bacteria exhibit 43 of the features provided above. In some aspects, multiple bacteria exhibit 44 of the features provided above. In some aspects, multiple bacteria exhibit 45 of the features provided above. In some aspects, multiple bacteria exhibit 46 of the features provided above. In some aspects, multiple bacteria exhibit 47 of the features provided above. In some aspects, multiple bacteria exhibit 48 of the features provided above. In some aspects, multiple bacteria exhibit 49 of the features provided above. In some aspects, multiple bacteria exhibit 50 of the features provided above. In some aspects, multiple bacteria exhibit all of the features provided above. Bacterial compositions constructed to specifically exhibit one or more of the above features are also referred to herein as “designed compositions” (DEs) (or variations thereof). Non-limiting examples of designed compositions are provided. Figure 1 The composition was designed with a set of core strains (i.e., strain cores) and R-group supplements to optimize function.

[0087] In some respects, many bacteria originate from cultured aggregates. In other respects, many bacteria originate from donor-derived spore preparations.

[0088] In some respects, multiple bacteria include bacterial species that can be transplanted when administered to a subject (also referred to herein as "bacterial species"). For example, in some respects, multiple bacteria include bacterial species that can be transplanted long-term when administered to a subject ("long-term grafts"). In some respects, multiple bacteria include bacterial species that can be transplanted short-term when administered to a subject ("short-term grafts"). In some respects, multiple bacteria include both long-term and short-term grafts.

[0089] In some respects, a variety of bacteria include bacterial species capable of possessing anti-inflammatory activities. Non-limiting examples of such anti-inflammatory activities include: (a) the ability to inhibit TNF-α-driven IL-8 secretion in in vitro epithelial cells, (b) the ability to downregulate the expression of inflammatory genes (e.g., CXCL1, CXCL2, CXCL3, CXCL11, ICAM1), or (c) both (a) and (b). Therefore, in some respects, a variety of bacteria possess the ability to inhibit TNF-α-driven IL-8 secretion in in vitro epithelial cells. α Bacterial species that drive IL-8 secretion. In some aspects, a variety of bacteria include bacterial species capable of downregulating the expression of one or more inflammatory genes. In some aspects, a variety of bacteria include bacterial species capable of both inhibiting TNF-α-driven IL-8 secretion in in vitro epithelial cells and downregulating the expression of one or more inflammatory genes. In some aspects, a variety of bacteria include bacterial species capable of both inhibiting TNF-α-driven IL-8 secretion in in vitro epithelial cells and downregulating the expression of one or more inflammatory genes. In some aspects, a variety of bacteria include bacterial species that cannot induce pro-inflammatory activity.

[0090] In some aspects, various bacteria include bacterial species capable of producing metabolites that can be used to treat the diseases or conditions described herein. For example, in some aspects, various bacteria include bacterial species capable of producing secondary bile acids. Non-limiting examples of secondary bile acids include 7α-dehydroxylase and bile salt hydrolase activities. In some aspects, various bacteria include bacterial species capable of producing tryptophan metabolites. Non-limiting examples of tryptophan metabolites include indole, 3-methylindole, and indolepropionic acid. In some aspects, various bacteria include bacterial species capable of producing short-chain fatty acids. Non-limiting examples of short-chain fatty acids include butyrate and propionate. In some aspects, various bacteria include bacterial species capable of producing medium-chain fatty acids. Non-limiting examples of medium-chain fatty acids include valerate and hexanoate. In some aspects, various bacteria include bacterial species capable of producing B vitamins. Non-limiting examples of B vitamins include thiamine (B1) and pyridoxine (B6). Therefore, in some aspects, the bacterial compositions available in this disclosure may comprise a variety of bacteria, wherein the variety of bacteria comprises one or more bacterial species capable of producing: (a) secondary bile acids, (b) tryptophan metabolites, (c) short-chain fatty acids, (d) medium-chain fatty acids, (e) B vitamins, or (f) any combination of (a) to (e).

[0091] In some aspects, a variety of bacteria include bacterial species capable of restoring and / or maintaining epithelial integrity, as determined by primary epithelial cell monolayer barrier integrity assays. In some aspects, a variety of bacteria include bacterial species capable of inhibiting HDAC activity. In some aspects, a variety of bacteria include bacterial species capable of expressing catalase activity. In some aspects, a variety of bacteria include bacterial species capable of possessing α-fucosidase activity. In some aspects, a variety of bacteria include bacterial species capable of reducing fecal calprotectin levels. In some aspects, a variety of bacteria include bacterial species that cannot activate Toll-like receptor pathways (e.g., TLR4 or TLR5). In some aspects, a variety of bacteria include bacterial species capable of activating Toll-like receptor pathways (e.g., TLR2). In some aspects, a variety of bacteria include bacterial species capable of restoring colonization resistance. In some aspects, a variety of bacteria include bacterial species capable of extensively utilizing carbon sources. In some aspects, a variety of bacteria include bacterial species capable of reducing VRE pathogen carriage. In some respects, multiple bacteria include bacterial species capable of reducing the carriage of CRE (e.g., carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae) pathogens. In some respects, multiple bacteria include bacterial species capable of reducing the clearance of Escherichia coli (e.g., carbapenem-resistant Escherichia coli) pathogens. In some respects, multiple bacteria include bacterial species capable of reducing the expression of sealing protein-2. In some respects, multiple bacteria include bacterial species that are associated with the gut microbiota of healthy individuals. In some respects, multiple bacteria include bacterial species associated with reduced abundance in patients with liver disease (e.g., cirrhosis). In some respects, multiple bacteria include bacterial species that are not associated with toxins and hemolysin genes associated with Clostridium pathogens and do not have significant cytopathic effects in vitro. In some respects, multiple bacteria include bacterial species sensitive to multiple clinically relevant antibiotics. In some respects, multiple bacteria include bacterial species that are not associated with genes that may be responsible for observed antibiotic resistance and transmissibility. In some respects, multiple bacteria include bacterial species capable of inhibiting epithelial cell apoptosis. In some respects, a variety of bacteria include bacterial species capable of downregulating one or more genes induced in IFN-γ-treated colonic organoids. Non-limiting examples of such genes include those associated with inflammatory chemokine signaling, NF-κB signaling, TNF family signaling, type I interferon signaling, type II interferon signaling, TLR signaling, lymphocyte transport, Th17 cell differentiation, Th1 differentiation, Th2 differentiation, apoptosis, inflammasomes, autophagy, oxidative stress, MHC class I and II antigen presentation, complement, mTor, nod-like receptor signaling, PI3K signaling, or combinations thereof. In some respects, a variety of bacteria include bacterial species capable of reducing the expression of one or more inhibitory receptors on CD8+ T cells. Non-limiting examples of inhibitory receptors include TIGIT, TIM-3, and LAG-3.In some aspects, the bacteria include bacterial species capable of increasing the expression of one or more genes / proteins associated with CD8+ T cell activation and / or function. Non-limiting examples of such genes include CD45RO, CD69, IL-24, TNF-α, perforin, and IFN-γ. In some aspects, the bacteria are capable of enhancing and / or improving tolerance to chemotherapeutic agents (e.g., those that can cause and / or are associated with neutropenia). Non-limiting examples of such chemotherapeutic agents are provided elsewhere in this application. In some aspects, the bacteria include bacterial species capable of inducing an anti-inflammatory IL-10-skewed IL-10 / IL-6 cytokine ratio in macrophages. In some aspects, the bacteria include bacterial species capable of inducing a less inflammatory response but a similar pathogen defense response in macrophages than a donor-derived spore-based composition (i.e., a spore-based composition). In some aspects, the bacteria include bacterial species capable of increasing the amount of anti-inflammatory mediators. Non-limiting examples of such anti-inflammatory mediators include IL-1 receptor antagonists (IL-1RA), IL-4, IL-10, IL-11, IL-13, and TGF-β. In some aspects, the multi-bacterial group includes bacterial species capable of alleviating colonic inflammation. In some aspects, the multi-bacterial group includes bacterial species capable of treating and / or preventing diseases or conditions, such as those associated with gastrointestinal dysbiosis. In some aspects, the multi-bacterial group includes bacterial species capable of increasing the diversity of the gastrointestinal microbiome in the subject. In some aspects, the multi-bacterial group includes bacterial species capable of improving mucosal and / or epithelial barrier integrity in the subject compared to a reference control (e.g., an untreated patient or a subject before treatment). In some aspects, the multi-bacterial group includes bacterial species capable of promoting mucosal healing. In some aspects, the multi-bacterial group includes bacterial species capable of reducing the incidence of infection. In some aspects, the multi-bacterial group includes bacterial species capable of reducing the need for antibiotics in the subject. In some aspects, the multi-bacterial group includes bacterial species capable of reducing the abundance of biomarkers of infection in the subject's feces. In some aspects, the multiple bacteria include bacterial species capable of increasing the abundance of biomarkers of the applied species in the feces of the subject. In some aspects, the multiple bacteria include bacterial species capable of targeted delivery of most (e.g., 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, 99.5%, 99.6%, 99.7%, 99.8%, or 99.9% of the applied species relative to the number of applied colony-forming units) or all of the applied species to the intestine of the subject. In some aspects, the multiple bacteria include bacterial species capable of producing a therapeutic benefit following a single administration of the composition or pharmaceutical composition described herein to the subject.In some aspects, the various bacteria include bacterial species capable of being co-administered with other agents described herein without substantially diminishing the therapeutic benefit of the administered species. In some aspects, the various bacteria include bacterial species capable of being co-administered with carriers or excipients described herein without substantially diminishing the therapeutic benefit of the administered species. In some aspects, the various bacteria include bacterial species capable of utilizing lactulose. In some aspects, the various bacteria include bacterial species containing a lanthanum antibiotic operator. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that bacterial species containing a lanthanum antibiotic operator may be capable of producing lanthanum antibiotics. Therefore, in some aspects, the various bacteria include bacterial species capable of producing lanthanum antibiotics.

[0092] In some aspects, the bacterial compositions available in this disclosure may comprise a variety of bacteria, wherein the variety of bacteria includes a first bacterial species and a second bacterial species, and wherein the first species and the second species are not the same. In some respects, the first bacterial species is selected from the following bacterial species: *Anaerobic cocci of the colon*, *Blsutia pseudococcoides* (also referred to herein as *Blsutia pseudococcoides*), *Blautriella hominis*, *Blautriella ovalis*, *Blautriella velutina*, *Intestinibacillus masssiliensis* sp2 (also referred to herein as *Enterocloster aldenensis*), *Enterocloster bolteae*, *Clostridium perfringens*, *Clostridium scintillans*, *Clostridium transplsntifaecale*, *Dorrelia longiformis*, *Eisenbergiella massiliensis* (also referred to herein as *Eisenbergiella massiliensis*), *Timonis emergency*, and *Clostridium thalassioides* (also referred to herein as *Thomasclsvelia*). ramosa”), Eubacterium carinii, Faecalicatena cortorta, Faecalicatena orotica, Flavobacterium prevar., Hungatella effluvii (also referred to as “Hungatella hathewayi” in this article), Enterococcus butyrate-producing, Enterococcus masei, Lactobacillus longiformis, Clostridium phoceensis spp. sp7 (also referred to as “Clostridium phoceensis” in this article), Massilimaliae timonensis, Murimonasintestini, Niameybacter sp1 (also referred to as “Niameybacter massiliensis” in this article), Ruminococcalaceae NG13 sp6 (also referred to as “Clostridium leptum” in this article) or Turicibactersanguinis.In some respects, the second bacterial species is selected from the following bacterial species: anaerobic cocci of the colon, *Bruttella fasciatus*, *Bruttella hominis*, *Bruttella ovalis*, *Bruttella westermani*, *Butycoccus* sp2, *Clostridium auderii*, *Clostridium difficile*, *Clostridium scintillans*, *Clostridium symbioticum*, *Doremia longissimum*, *Eisenberger tylis*, *Timonis emergency*, *Clostridium erysipelas*, *Eubacterium karyotes*, *Faecalicatena cortorta*, *Faecalicatena orotica*, *Flavobacterium previatum*, *Hungatella effluvii*, *Butyrate-producing Enterococcus*, *Enterococcus masei*, *Lactobacillus longissimum* sp7, *Massilimaliae timonensis*, *Murimonas intestini*, *Niameybacters sp1*, *Ruminococcus* NG13 sp6, or *Turicibacter sanguinis*. In some respects, both the first and second species are selected from: anaerobic cocci, *Bruttella sphaeroides*, *Bruttella hominis*, *Bruttella ovalis*, *Bruttella westermani*, *Butycoccus* sp2, *Clostridium auderii*, *Clostridium difficile*, *Clostridium scintillans*, *Clostridium symbioticum*, *Doremia longissimum*, *Eisenberger tylis*, *Timonis emergency*, *Clostridium erysipelas*, *Eubacterium calciferum*, *Faecalicatena cortorta*, *Faecalicatena orotica*, *Flavobacterium previatum*, *Hungatella effluvii*, *Butyrate-producing Enterococcus*, *Enterococcus masei*, *Lactobacillus longissimum* sp7, *Massilimaliae timonensis*, *Murimonas intestini*, *Niameybacter sp1*, *Ruminococcus* NG13 sp6, or *Turicibacter sanguinis*.

[0093] Therefore, in some aspects, the bacterial compositions provided herein comprise a variety of bacteria, wherein said variety of bacteria includes one or more of the following: *Clostridium perfringens*, *Clostridium difficile*, *Flavobacterium previae*, *Brutella sphaeroides*, *Anaerobic cocci*, *Murimonas intestini*, *Clostridium erysipelas*, *Faecalicatena orotica*, *Clostridium auderii*, or *Eisenberger thyrifolium*. In some aspects, the variety of bacteria comprises each of the following: *Clostridium perfringens*, *Clostridium difficile*, *Flavobacterium previae*, *Brutella sphaeroides*, *Anaerobic cocci*, *Murimonas intestini*, *Clostridium erysipelas*, *Faecalicatena orotica*, *Clostridium auderii*, and *Eisenberger thyrifolium*.

[0094] In some aspects, the multiple bacteria also include *Timonis Emergency*. Therefore, in some aspects, the bacterial compositions usable in this disclosure may comprise multiple bacteria, said multiple bacteria including *Timonis Emergency* and one or more of the following: *Clostridium perfringens*, *Clostridium difficile*, *Flavobacterium previae*, *Brutella sphaeroides*, *Anaerobic cocci*, *Murimonas intestini*, *Clostridium erysipelas*, *Faecalicatena orotica*, *Clostridium auderii*, or *Eisenberger tympani*. In some aspects, the multiple bacteria include each of the following: *Timonis Emergency*, *Clostridium perfringens*, *Clostridium difficile*, *Flavobacterium previae*, *Brutella sphaeroides*, *Anaerobic cocci*, *Murimonas intestini*, *Clostridium erysipelas*, *Faecalicatena orotica*, *Clostridium auderii*, and *Eisenberger tympani*.

[0095] In some respects, multiple bacteria also include butyrate-producing Enteromonas, commensal Clostridium, scintillans, or Timones Emergency Bacteria. In some respects, multiple bacteria include butyrate-producing Enteromonas, commensal Clostridium, scintillans, or Timones Emergency Bacteria and one or more of the following: butyrate-producing Enteromonas and one or more of the following: harmless Clostridium, Clostridium difficile, Flavobacterium previae, Brukerella pseudococcus, anaerobic cocci, Murimonas intestini, Clostridium erysipelas, Faecalicatena orotica, Clostridium auderii, or Eisenberger tympani. In some respects, a variety of bacteria includes each of the following: butyrate-producing Enteromonas, commensal Clostridium, scintillans, Timonesh Emergency, harmless Clostridium, Clostridium difficile, Flavobacterium prevalens, Brutonella spp., anaerobic cocci, Murimonas intestini, Clostridium erysipelas, Faecalicatena orotica, Clostridium auderii, and Eisenberger thyrizinski.

[0096] In some aspects, the multiple bacteria also include butyrate-producing Enteromonas. Therefore, in some aspects, the bacterial composition comprises multiple bacteria, said multiple bacteria including butyrate-producing Enteromonas and one or more of the following: *Clostridium perfringens*, *Clostridium difficile*, *Flavobacterium previae*, *Brutella sphaeroides*, *Anaerobic cocci*, *Murimonas intestini*, *Clostridium erysipelas*, *Faecalicatena orotica*, *Clostridium auderii*, or *Eisenberger thyrifolium*. In some aspects, the multiple bacteria include each of the following: butyrate-producing Enteromonas, *Clostridium perfringens*, *Clostridium difficile*, *Flavobacterium previae*, *Brutella sphaeroides*, *Anaerobic cocci*, *Murimonas intestini*, *Clostridium sphaeroides*, *Faecalicatena orotica*, *Clostridium auderii*, and *Eisenberger thyrifolium*.

[0097] In some respects, a variety of bacteria also includes commensal Clostridium. In some respects, a variety of bacteria includes commensal Clostridium and one or more of the following: harmless Clostridium, Clostridium difficile, Flavobacterium previae, Blausii spp., anaerobic cocci, Murimonas intestini, Clostridium erysipelas, Faecalicatena orotica, Clostridium auderii, or Eisenberger thyrizinski. In some respects, a variety of bacteria includes each of the following: commensal Clostridium, harmless Clostridium, Clostridium difficile, Flavobacterium previae, Blausii spp., anaerobic cocci, Murimonas intestini, Clostridium erysipelas, Faecalicatena orotica, Clostridium auderii, and Eisenberger thyrizinski.

[0098] In some respects, multiple bacteria also include *Clostridium scintillans*. Therefore, in some respects, multiple bacteria include *Clostridium scintillans* and one or more of the following: *Clostridium perfringens*, *Clostridium difficile*, *Flavobacterium previae*, *Brutella sphaeroides*, *Anaerobic cocci*, *Murimonas intestini*, *Clostridium erysipelas*, *Faecalicatena orotica*, *Clostridium auderii*, or *Eisenberger thyrifolium*. In some respects, multiple bacteria include each of the following: *Clostridium scintillans*, *Clostridium perfringens*, *Clostridium difficile*, *Flavobacterium previae*, *Brutella sphaeroides*, *Anaerobic cocci*, *Murimonas intestini*, *Clostridium erysipelas*, *Faecalicatena orotica*, *Clostridium auderii*, and *Eisenberger thyrifolium*.

[0099] In some respects, multiple bacteria also include *Faecalicatena cortorta* or *Faecalicatena ovalis*. Therefore, in some respects, multiple bacteria include *Faecalicatena cortorta* or *Faecalicatena ovalis* and one or more of the following: *Clostridium perfringens*, *Clostridium difficile*, *Flavobacterium previae*, *Brutella sphaeroides*, *Anaerobic cocci*, *Murimonas intestini*, *Clostridium erysipelas*, *Faecalicatena orotica*, *Clostridium aureum*, or *Eisenberger thyrifolium*. In some respects, multiple bacteria include each of the following: *Faecalicatena cortorta*, *Faecalicatena ovalis*, *Clostridium perfringens*, *Flavobacterium previae*, *Brutella sphaeroides*, *Anaerobic cocci*, *Murimonas intestini*, *Clostridium erysipelas*, *Faecalicatena orotica*, *Clostridium aureum*, and *Eisenberger thyrifolium*.

[0100] In some respects, multiple bacteria also include *Faecalicatena cortorta*. In such respects, multiple bacteria may include *Faecalicatena cortorta* and one or more of the following: *Clostridium perfringens*, *Clostridium difficile*, *Flavobacterium previae*, *Brutella sphaeroides*, *Anaerobic cocci*, *Murimonas intestini*, *Clostridium erysipelas*, *Faecalicatena orotica*, *Clostridium auderii*, or *Eisenberger thyrifolium*. In some respects, multiple bacteria include each of the following: *Faecalicatena cortorta*, *Clostridium perfringens*, *Clostridium difficile*, *Flavobacterium previae*, *Brutella sphaeroides*, *Anaerobic cocci*, *Murimonas intestini*, *Clostridium erysipelas*, *Faecalicatena orotica*, *Clostridium auderii*, and *Eisenberger thyrifolium*.

[0101] In some respects, a variety of bacteria also includes long-ovoid lactone-producing bacteria. In some respects, a variety of bacteria includes long-ovoid lactone-producing bacteria and one or more of the following: *Clostridium perfringens*, *Clostridium difficile*, *Flavobacterium previae*, *Brutella sphaeroides*, *Anaerobic cocci*, *Murimonas intestini*, *Clostridium erysipelas*, *Faecalicatena orotica*, *Clostridium auderii*, or *Eisenberger thyrifolium*. In some respects, a variety of bacteria includes each of the following: long-ovoid lactone-producing bacteria, *Clostridium perfringens*, *Clostridium difficile*, *Flavobacterium previae*, *Brutella sphaeroides*, *Anaerobic cocci*, *Murimonas intestini*, *Clostridium erysipelas*, *Faecalicatena orotica*, *Clostridium auderii*, or *Eisenberger thyrifolium*.

[0102] In some respects, multiple bacteria also include *Massilimaliae timonensis*, *Hungatella effluvii*, or *Butycoccus* sp2. In some respects, multiple bacteria include *Massilimaliae timonensis*, *Hungatella effluvii*, or *Butycoccus* sp2 and one or more of the following: *Clostridium perfringens*, *Clostridium difficile*, *Flavobacterium previae*, *Brutella sphaeroides*, *Murimonas intestini*, *Clostridium erysipelas*, *Faecalicatenaorotica*, *Clostridium auderii*, or *Eisenberger tympani*. In some respects, a variety of bacteria includes each of the following: Massilimaliae timonensis, Hungatella effluvii, Butyricococcus sp2, Clostridium perfringens, Clostridium difficile, Flavobacterium previae, Brutonella stenosum, Anaerobic cocci, Murimonas intestini, Clostridium erysipelas, Faecalicatena orotica, Clostridium auderii, or Eisenberger tympani.

[0103] In some respects, multiple bacteria also include *Massilimaliae timonensis*. In some respects, multiple bacteria include *Massilimaliae timonensis* and one or more of the following: *Clostridium perfringens*, *Clostridium difficile*, *Flavobacterium previae*, *Brutella sphaeroides*, *Anaerobic cocci*, *Murimonas intestini*, *Clostridium erysipelas*, *Faecalicatena orotica*, *Clostridium auderii*, or *Eisenberger tynes*. In some respects, multiple bacteria include each of the following: *Massilimaliae timonensis*, *Clostridium perfringens*, *Clostridium difficile*, *Flavobacterium previae*, *Brutella sphaeroides*, *Anaerobic cocci*, *Murimonas intestini*, *Clostridium erysipelas*, *Faecalicatena orotica*, *Clostridium auderii*, and *Eisenberger tynes*.

[0104] In some respects, multiple bacteria also include *Hungatella effluvii*. In some respects, multiple bacteria include *Hungatella effluvii* and one or more of the following: *Clostridium perfringens*, *Clostridium difficile*, *Flavobacterium previae*, *Brutella sphaeroides*, *Anaerobic cocci*, *Murimonas intestini*, *Clostridium erysipelas*, *Faecalicatena orotica*, *Clostridium auderii*, or *Eisenberger thyrifolium*. In some respects, multiple bacteria include each of the following: *Hungatella effluvii*, *Clostridium perfringens*, *Clostridium difficile*, *Flavobacterium previae*, *Brutella sphaeroides*, *Anaerobic cocci*, *Murimonas intestini*, *Clostridium sphaeroides*, *Faecalicatena orotica*, *Clostridium auderii*, or *Eisenberger thyrifolium*.

[0105] In some respects, multiple bacteria also include *Butycoccus* sp2. In some respects, multiple bacteria include *Butycoccus* sp2 and one or more of the following: *Clostridium perfringens*, *Clostridium difficile*, *Flavobacterium previae*, *Brutella sphaeroides*, *Anaerobic cocci*, *Murimonas intestini*, *Clostridium erysipelas*, *Faecalicatena orotica*, *Clostridium auderii*, or *Eisenberger thyrifolium*. In some respects, multiple bacteria include each of the following: *Butycoccus* sp2, *Clostridium perfringens*, *Clostridium difficile*, *Flavobacterium previae*, *Brutella sphaeroides*, *Anaerobic cocci*, *Murimonas intestini*, *Clostridium erysipelas*, *Faecalicatena orotica*, *Clostridium auderii*, and *Eisenberger thyrifolium*.

[0106] In some respects, multiple bacteria also include *Enteromonas masei*, *Niameybacter sp1*, or *Turicibacter sanguinis*. In some respects, multiple bacteria include *Enteromonas masei*, *Niameybacter sp1*, or *Turicibacter sanguinis* and one or more of the following: *Clostridium perfringens*, *Clostridium difficile*, *Flavobacterium previae*, *Brutella sphaeroides*, *Anaerobic cocci*, *Murimonas intestini*, *Clostridium erysipelas*, *Faecalicatenaorotica*, *Clostridium auderii*, or *Eisenberger tympani*. In some respects, a variety of bacteria includes each of the following: Enteromonas masei, Niameybacter sp1, Turicibacter sanguinis, Clostridium perfringens, Clostridium difficile, Flavobacterium previae, Brutonella spp., Anaerobic coliforms, Murimonas intestini, Clostridium erysipelas, Faecalicatena orotica, Clostridium auderii, and Eisenberger tylis.

[0107] In some respects, multiple bacteria also include *Enteromonas masei*. In some respects, multiple bacteria include *Enteromonas masei* and one or more of the following: *Clostridium perfringens*, *Clostridium difficile*, *Flavobacterium previae*, *Brutella sphaeroides*, *Anaerobic cocci*, *Murimonas intestini*, *Clostridium erysipelas*, *Faecalicatena orotica*, *Clostridium auderii*, or *Eisenberger thyrifolium*. In some respects, multiple bacteria include each of the following: *Enteromonas masei*, *Clostridium perfringens*, *Clostridium difficile*, *Flavobacterium previae*, *Brutella sphaeroides*, *Anaerobic cocci*, *Murimonas intestini*, *Clostridium sphaeroides*, *Faecalicatena orotica*, *Clostridium auderii*, and *Eisenberger thyrifolium*.

[0108] In some respects, multiple bacteria also include *Niameybacter* sp1. In some respects, multiple bacteria include *Niameybacter* sp1 and one or more of the following: *Clostridium perfringens*, *Clostridium difficile*, *Flavobacterium previae*, *Brutella sphaeroides*, *Anaerobic cocci*, *Murimonas intestini*, *Clostridium erysipelas*, *Faecalicatena orotica*, *Clostridium auderii*, or *Eisenberger thyrifolium*. In some respects, multiple bacteria include each of the following: *Niameybacter* sp1, *Clostridium perfringens*, *Clostridium difficile*, *Flavobacterium previae*, *Brutella sphaeroides*, *Anaerobic cocci*, *Murimonas intestini*, *Clostridium erysipelas*, *Faecalicatena orotica*, *Clostridium auderii*, and *Eisenberger thyrifolium*.

[0109] In some respects, multiple bacteria also include *Turicibacter sanguinis*. In some respects, multiple bacteria include *Turicibacter sanguinis* and one or more of the following: *Clostridium perfringens*, *Clostridium difficile*, *Flavobacterium previae*, *Brutella sphaeroides*, *Anaerobic cocci*, *Murimonas intestini*, *Clostridium erysipelas*, *Faecalicatenaorotica*, *Clostridium auderii*, or *Eisenberger twillis*. In some respects, multiple bacteria include each of the following: *Turicibacter sanguinis* and one or more of the following: *Clostridium perfringens*, *Clostridium difficile*, *Flavobacterium previae*, *Brutella sphaeroides*, *Anaerobic cocci*, *Murimonas intestini*, *Clostridium erysipelas*, *Faecalicatenaorotica*, *Clostridium auderii*, and *Eisenberger twillis*.

[0110] In some respects, multiple bacteria also include Ruminococcale NG13 sp6. In some respects, multiple bacteria include Ruminococcale NG13 sp6 and one or more of the following: *Clostridium perfringens*, *Clostridium difficile*, *Flavobacterium previae*, *Brutella sphaeroides*, *Anaerobic cocci*, *Murimonas intestini*, *Clostridium erysipelas*, *Faecalicatena orotica*, *Clostridium auderii*, or *Eisenberger thyrifolium*. In some respects, multiple bacteria include each of the following: Ruminococcale NG13 sp6, *Clostridium perfringens*, *Clostridium difficile*, *Flavobacterium previae*, *Brutella sphaeroides*, *Anaerobic cocci*, *Murimonas intestini*, *Clostridium sphaeroides*, *Faecalicatena orotica*, *Clostridium auderii*, and *Eisenberger thyrifolium*.

[0111] In some respects, a variety of bacteria also includes long-chain doretrievable bacteria. In some respects, a variety of bacteria includes long-chain doretrievable bacteria and one or more of the following: *Clostridium perfringens*, *Clostridium difficile*, *Flavobacterium previae*, *Brutella sphaeroides*, *Anaerobic cocci*, *Murimonas intestini*, *Clostridium erysipelas*, *Faecalicatena orotica*, *Clostridium auderii*, or *Eisenberger thyrifolium*. In some respects, a variety of bacteria includes each of the following: long-chain doretrievable bacteria, *Clostridium perfringens*, *Clostridium difficile*, *Flavobacterium previae*, *Brutella sphaeroides*, *Anaerobic cocci*, *Murimonas intestini*, *Clostridium erysipelas*, *Faecalicatena orotica*, *Clostridium auderii*, and *Eisenberger thyrifolium*.

[0112] In some respects, multiple bacteria also include *Brutria ovalis*. In some respects, multiple bacteria include *Brutria ovalis* and one or more of the following: *Clostridium perfringens*, *Clostridium difficile*, *Flavobacterium previae*, *Brutria ovalis*, *Anaerobic Cocci*, *Murimonas intestini*, *Clostridium erysipelas*, *Faecalicatena orotica*, *Clostridium auderii*, or *Eisenberger thyrifolium*. In some respects, multiple bacteria include each of the following: *Brutria ovalis*, *Clostridium perfringens*, *Clostridium difficile*, *Flavobacterium previae*, *Brutria ovalis*, *Anaerobic Cocci*, *Murimonas intestini*, *Clostridium erysipelas*, *Faecalicatena orotica*, *Clostridium auderii*, and *Eisenberger thyrifolium*.

[0113] In some respects, multiple bacteria also include *L. lawsenii* spp. 7. In some respects, multiple bacteria include *L. lawsenii* spp. 7 and one or more of the following: *Clostridium perfringens*, *Clostridium difficile*, *Flavobacterium previae*, *Brutella sphaeroides*, *Anaerobic cocci*, *Murimonas intestini*, *Clostridium erysipelas*, *Faecalicatena orotica*, *Clostridium auderii*, or *Eisenberger tympani*. In some respects, multiple bacteria include each of the following: *L. lawsenii* spp. 7, *Clostridium perfringens*, *Clostridium difficile*, *Flavobacterium previae*, *Brutella sphaeroides*, *Anaerobic cocci*, *Murimonas intestini*, *Clostridium erysipelas*, *Faecalicatena orotica*, *Clostridium auderii*, and *Eisenberger tympani*.

[0114] In some respects, multiple bacteria also include *Brutria humanis*. In some respects, multiple bacteria include *Brutria humanis* and one or more of the following: *Clostridium perfringens*, *Clostridium difficile*, *Flavobacterium previae*, *Brutria pseudococci*, *Anaerobic cocci*, *Murimonas intestini*, *Clostridium erysipelas*, *Faecalicatena orotica*, *Clostridium auderii*, or *Eisenberger thyrifolium*. In some respects, multiple bacteria include each of the following: *Brutria humanis*, *Clostridium perfringens*, *Clostridium difficile*, *Flavobacterium previae*, *Brutria pseudococci*, *Anaerobic cocci*, *Murimonas intestini*, *Clostridium erysipelas*, *Faecalicatena orotica*, *Clostridium auderii*, and *Eisenberger thyrifolium*.

[0115] In some respects, multiple bacteria also include *Bruttgartella westermani*. In some respects, multiple bacteria include *Bruttella westermani* and one or more of the following: *Clostridium perfringens*, *Clostridium difficile*, *Flavobacterium previae*, *Bruttella sphaeroides*, *Anaerobic cocci*, *Murimonas intestini*, *Clostridium erysipelas*, *Faecalicatena orotica*, *Clostridium auderii*, or *Eisenberger tympani*. In some respects, multiple bacteria include each of the following: *Bruttella westermani*, *Clostridium perfringens*, *Clostridium difficile*, *Flavobacterium previae*, *Bruttella sphaeroides*, *Anaerobic cocci*, *Murimonas intestini*, *Clostridium sphaeroides*, *Faecalicatena orotica*, *Clostridium auderii*, and *Eisenberger tympani*.

[0116] In some respects, multiple bacteria also include *C. kauri*. In some respects, multiple bacteria include *C. kauri* and one or more of the following: *Clostridium perfringens*, *Clostridium difficile*, *Flavobacterium previae*, *Brutella sphaeroides*, *Anaerobic cocci*, *Murimonas intestini*, *Clostridium erysipelas*, *Faecalicatena orotica*, *Clostridium auderii*, or *Eisenberger thyrifolium*. In some respects, multiple bacteria include each of the following: *C. kauri*, *Clostridium perfringens*, *Clostridium difficile*, *Flavobacterium previae*, *Brutella sphaeroides*, *Anaerobic cocci*, *Murimonas intestini*, *Clostridium erysipelas*, *Faecalicatena orotica*, *Clostridium auderii*, and *Eisenberger thyrifolium*.

[0117] In some respects, a variety of bacteria include: (1) harmless Clostridium, (2) Clostridium difficile, (3) Flavobacterium previae, (4) Brutus spp., (5) anaerobic cocci, (6) Murimonas intestini, (7) Clostridium erysipelas, (8) Faecalicatena orotica, (9) Timones emergency bacterium, (10) Clostridium auderii, (11) butyrate-producing Enterococcus, (12) Eisenberger thyrifolium, (13) symbiotic Clostridium and (14) Clostridium scintillans. In some respects, a variety of bacteria are basically composed of the following: (1) harmless Clostridium, (2) Clostridium difficile, (3) Flavobacterium previae, (4) Brutonella sphaeroides, (5) anaerobic cocci, (6) Murimonas intestini, (7) Clostridium erysipelas, (8) Faecalicatena orotica, (9) Timones emergency bacterium, (10) Clostridium auderii, (11) butyrate-producing Enterococcus, (12) Eisenberger thyrifolium, (13) symbiotic Clostridium and (14) Clostridium scintillans. In some respects, a variety of bacteria are composed of the following: (1) harmless Clostridium, (2) Clostridium difficile, (3) Flavobacterium previae, (4) Brutus spp., (5) anaerobic cocci, (6) Murimonas intestini, (7) Clostridium erysipelas, (8) Faecalicatena orotica, (9) Timones emergency bacterium, (10) Clostridium auderii, (11) butyrate-producing Enterococcus, (12) Eisenberger thyrifolium, (13) symbiotic Clostridium and (14) Clostridium scintillans.

[0118] In some respects, a variety of bacteria include: (1) harmless Clostridium, (2) Clostridium difficile, (3) Flavobacterium previae, (4) Brutonella sphaeroides, (5) anaerobic cocci, (6) Murimonas intestini, (7) Clostridium erysipelas, (8) Faecalicatena orotica, (9) Clostridium auderii, (10) butyrate-producing Enterococcus, (11) Eisenbergella tylis, (12) symbiotic Clostridium, (13) Clostridium scintillans and (14) Timones emergency bacterium. In some respects, a variety of bacteria are basically composed of the following: (1) harmless Clostridium, (2) Clostridium difficile, (3) Flavobacterium previae, (4) Brutonella sphaeroides, (5) anaerobic cocci, (6) Murimonas intestini, (7) Clostridium erysipelas, (8) Faecalicatena orotica, (9) Clostridium auderii, (10) butyrate-producing Enterococcus, (11) Eisenbergella tylis, (12) symbiotic Clostridium, (13) Clostridium scintillans and (14) Timones emergency bacterium. In some respects, a variety of bacteria are composed of the following: (1) harmless Clostridium, (2) Clostridium difficile, (3) Flavobacterium previae, (4) Brutus spp., (5) Anaerobic cocci, (6) Murimonas intestini, (7) Clostridium erysipelas, (8) Faecalicatena orotica, (9) Clostridium auderii, (10) Butyrate-producing Enteromonas, (11) Eisenberger thyrifolium, (12) symbiotic Clostridium, (13) Clostridium scintillans and (14) Timones emergency bacteria.

[0119] In some respects, a variety of bacteria include: (1) harmless Clostridium, (2) Clostridium difficile, (3) Flavobacterium previae, (4) Brutonella spp., (5) anaerobic cocci, (6) Murimonas intestini, (7) Clostridium erysipelas, (8) Faecalicatena orotica, (9) Clostridium auderii, (10) butyrate-producing Enterococcus, (11) Eisenbergella tauris, (12) symbiotic Clostridium, (13) Clostridium scintillans, (14) Timones emergency bacterium, (15) Faecalicatena cortorta, (16) long oval lactone-producing bacteria, and (17) Ruminococcus family NG13 sp6.

[0120] In some respects, a variety of bacteria are basically composed of the following: (1) harmless Clostridium, (2) Clostridium difficile, (3) Flavobacterium prevalence, (4) Brutonella spp., (5) anaerobic cocci, (6) Murimonas intestini, (7) Clostridium erysipelas, (8) Faecalicatena orotica, (9) Clostridium auderii, (10) butyrate-producing Enterococcus, (11) Eisenbergella tauris, (12) symbiotic Clostridium, (13) Clostridium scintillans, (14) Timones emergency bacterium, (15) Faecalicatena cortorta, (16) long oval lactone-producing bacteria and (17) Ruminococcus family NG13 sp6. In some respects, a variety of bacteria are composed of the following: (1) harmless Clostridium, (2) Clostridium difficile, (3) Flavobacterium previae, (4) Brutonella sphaeroides, (5) anaerobic cocci, (6) Murimonas intestini, (7) Clostridium erysipelas, (8) Faecalicatena orotica, (9) Clostridium auderii, (10) butyrate-producing Enterococcus, (11) Eisenbergella tylis, (12) symbiotic Clostridium, (13) Clostridium scintillans, (14) Timones emergency bacterium, (15) Faecalicatena cortorta, (16) long oval lactone-producing bacteria and (17) Ruminococcus family NG13 sp6.

[0121] In some respects, a variety of bacteria include (1) harmless Clostridium, (2) Clostridium difficile, (3) Flavobacterium previae, (4) Brutonella sphaeroides, (5) anaerobic cocci, (6) Murimonas intestini, (7) Clostridium erysipelas, (8) Faecalicatena orotica, (9) Clostridium auderii, (10) butyrate-producing Enterococcus, (11) Eisenbergella tylis, (12) symbiotic Clostridium, (13) Clostridium scintillans, (14) Timones emergency bacterium, (15) Faecalicatena cortorta, (16) long oval lactone-producing bacterium, (17) Massilimaliae timonensis, (18) Hungatella effluvii and (19) Butyrate cocci sp2. In some respects, a variety of bacteria are basically composed of the following: (1) harmless Clostridium, (2) Clostridium difficile, (3) Flavobacterium previae, (4) Brutonella sphaeroides, (5) anaerobic cocci, (6) Murimonas intestini, (7) Clostridium erysipelas, (8) Faecalicatena orotica, (9) Clostridium auderii, (10) butyrate-producing Enterococcus, (11) Eisenbergella tylis, (12) symbiotic Clostridium, (13) Clostridium scintillans, (14) Timones emergency bacterium, (15) Faecalicatena cortorta, (16) long oval lactone-producing bacterium, (17) Massilimalia etimonensis, (18) Hungatella effluvii and (19) Butyrate cocci sp2. In some respects, a variety of bacteria are composed of the following: (1) harmless Clostridium, (2) Clostridium difficile, (3) Flavobacterium previae, (4) Brutonella sphaeroides, (5) anaerobic cocci, (6) Murimonas intestini, (7) Clostridium erysipelas, (8) Faecalicatena orotica, (9) Clostridium auderii, (10) butyrate-producing Enterococcus, (11) Eisenbergella tylis, (12) symbiotic Clostridium, (13) Clostridium scintillans, (14) Timones emergency bacterium, (15) Faecalicatena cortorta, (16) long oval lactone-producing bacterium, (17) Massilimaliae timonensis, (18) Hungatella effluvii and (19) Butyrate cocci sp2.

[0122] In some respects, a variety of bacteria include: (1) harmless Clostridium, (2) Clostridium difficile, (3) Flavobacterium previae, (4) Brutus spp., (5) Anaerobic cocci, (6) Murimonas intestini, (7) Clostridium erysipelas, (8) Faecalicatena orotica, (9) Clostridium auderii, (10) Butyrate-producing Enterococcus, (11) Eisenberger tylis, (12) symbiotic Clostridium, (13) Clostridium scintillans, (14) Timones emergency bacterium, (15) Faecalicatena cortorta, (16) Elastobacterium ovoidis, (17) Massilimaliae timonensis, (18) Hungatella effluvii, (19) Butyrate-producing Cocci sp2, (20) Enterococcus masei, (21) Niameybacter sp1 and (22) Turicibacter sanguinis. In some respects, a variety of bacteria are basically composed of the following: (1) harmless Clostridium, (2) Clostridium difficile, (3) Flavobacterium previae, (4) Brutus spp., (5) Anaerobic cocci, (6) Murimonas intestini, (7) Clostridium erysipelas, (8) Faecalicatena orotica, (9) Clostridium auderii, (10) Butyrate-producing Enterococcus, (11) Eisenberger thyrifolium, (12) symbiotic Clostridium, (13) Clostridium scintillans, (14) Timones emergency bacterium, (15) Faecalicatena cortorta, (16) Elastobacterium longum, (17) Massilimalia etimonensis, (18) Hungatella effluvii, (19) Butyrate cocci sp2, (20) Enterococcus masei, (21) Niameybacter sp1 and (22) Turicibacter sanguinis.In some respects, a variety of bacteria are composed of the following: (1) harmless Clostridium, (2) Clostridium difficile, (3) Flavobacterium previae, (4) Brutus spp., (5) Anaerobic cocci, (6) Murimonas intestini, (7) Clostridium erysipelas, (8) Faecalicatena orotica, (9) Clostridium auderii, (10) Butyrate-producing Enterococcus, (11) Eisenberger tylis, (12) symbiotic Clostridium, (13) Clostridium scintillans, (14) Timones emergency bacterium, (15) Faecalicatena cortorta, (16) Elastobacterium ovoidis, (17) Massilimaliae timonensis, (18) Hungatella effluvii, (19) Butyrate-producing Cocci sp2, (20) Enterococcus masei, (21) Niameybacter sp1 and (22) Turicibacter sanguinis.

[0123] In some respects, a variety of bacteria include: (1) harmless Clostridium, (2) Clostridium difficile, (3) Flavobacterium previae, (4) Brontë bacilli, (5) anaerobic cocci, (6) Murimonas intestini, (7) Clostridium erysipelas, (8) Faecalicatena orotica, (9) Timones emergency bacilli, (10) Clostridium auderii, (11) Eisenberger thyrizinski, (12) Dorebrospina longis and (13) Brontë ovale. In some respects, a variety of bacteria are basically composed of the following: (1) harmless Clostridium, (2) Clostridium difficile, (3) Flavobacterium previae, (4) Blottella sphaeroides, (5) anaerobic cocci, (6) Murimonas intestini, (7) Clostridium erysipelas, (8) Faecalicatena orotica, (9) Timones emergency bacterium, (10) Clostridium auderii, (11) Eisenbergella tylis, (12) Dorebrospinae longiformis and (13) Blottella ovalis. In some respects, a variety of bacteria are composed of the following: (1) harmless Clostridium, (2) Clostridium difficile, (3) Flavobacterium prevalence, (4) Blautella sphaeroides, (5) anaerobic cocci, (6) Murimonas intestini, (7) Clostridium erysipelas, (8) Faecalicatena orotica, (9) Timones emergency bacterium, (10) Clostridium auderii, (11) Eisenbergella tylis, (12) Dorebrospinae longiformis and (13) Blautella ovalis.

[0124] In some respects, a variety of bacteria include: (1) harmless Clostridium, (2) Clostridium difficile, (3) Flavobacterium previae, (4) Brauts bryozoans, (5) anaerobic cocci, (6) Murimonas intestini, (7) Clostridium erysipelas, (8) Faecalicatena orotica, (9) Clostridium auderii, (10) butyrate-producing Enteromonas, (11) Eisenberger thyrizinski, (12) symbiotic Clostridium, (13) Clostridium scintillans, (14) Timones emergency bacterium, (15) Brauts ovalis and (16) Lawsonia spp. sp7. In some respects, a variety of bacteria are basically composed of the following: (1) harmless Clostridium, (2) Clostridium difficile, (3) Flavobacterium previae, (4) Brauts bryozoans, (5) anaerobic cocci, (6) Murimonas intestini, (7) Clostridium erysipelas, (8) Faecalicatena orotica, (9) Clostridium auderii, (10) butyrate-producing Enterococcus, (11) Eisenberger thyrifolium, (12) symbiotic Clostridium, (13) Clostridium scintillans, (14) Timones emergency bacterium, (15) Brauts ovalis and (16) Lawsonia spp. sp7. In some respects, a variety of bacteria are composed of the following: (1) harmless Clostridium, (2) Clostridium difficile, (3) Flavobacterium prevalence, (4) Brauts bryozoans, (5) anaerobic cocci, (6) Murimonas intestini, (7) Clostridium erysipelas, (8) Faecalicatena orotica, (9) Clostridium auderii, (10) butyrate-producing Enterococcus, (11) Eisenberger thyrifolium, (12) symbiotic Clostridium, (13) Clostridium scintillans, (14) Timones emergency bacterium, (15) Brauts ovalis and (16) Lawsonia spp. sp7.

[0125] In some respects, a variety of bacteria include: (1) harmless Clostridium, (2) Clostridium difficile, (3) Flavobacterium previae, (4) Brautella sphaeroides, (5) anaerobic cocci, (6) Murimonas intestini, (7) Clostridium erysipelas, (8) Faecalicatena orotica, (9) Clostridium auderii, (10) butyrate-producing Enterococcus, (11) Eisenbergella tylis, (12) symbiotic Clostridium, (13) Clostridium scintillans, (14) Timones emergency bacterium, (15) Faecalicatena cortorta, (16) long oval lactone-producing bacteria, (17) Ruminococcus family NG13 sp6, (18) Oval Brautella and (19) Lawsonia spp. sp7. In some respects, a variety of bacteria are basically composed of the following: (1) harmless Clostridium, (2) Clostridium difficile, (3) Flavobacterium previae, (4) Brautella sphaeroides, (5) anaerobic cocci, (6) Murimonas intestini, (7) Clostridium erysipelas, (8) Faecalicatena orotica, (9) Clostridium auderii, (10) butyrate-producing Enterococcus, (11) Eisenbergella tylis, (12) symbiotic Clostridium, (13) Clostridium scintillans, (14) Timones emergency bacterium, (15) Faecalicatena cortorta, (16) long oval lactone-producing bacteria, (17) Ruminococcus family NG13 sp6, (18) Brautella ovalis and (19) Lawsonia spp. sp7. In some respects, a variety of bacteria are composed of the following: (1) harmless Clostridium, (2) Clostridium difficile, (3) Flavobacterium prevalence, (4) Brautella sphaeroides, (5) anaerobic cocci, (6) Murimonas intestini, (7) Clostridium erysipelas, (8) Faecalicatena orotica, (9) Clostridium auderii, (10) butyrate-producing Enterococcus, (11) Eisenbergella tylis, (12) symbiotic Clostridium, (13) Clostridium scintillans, (14) Timones emergency bacterium, (15) Faecalicatena cortorta, (16) long oval lactone-producing bacteria, (17) Ruminococcus family NG13 sp6, (18) Brautella ovalis and (19) Lawsonia spp. sp7.

[0126] In some respects, a variety of bacteria include: (1) harmless Clostridium, (2) Clostridium difficile, (3) Flavobacterium previae, (4) Brutonella sphaeroides, (5) anaerobic cocci, (6) Murimonas intestini, (7) Clostridium erysipelas, (8) Faecalicatena orotica, (9) Clostridium auderii, (10) butyrate-producing Enterococcus, (11) Eisenberger thyrifolium, (12) symbiotic Clostridium and (13) Timones emergency bacterium. In some respects, a variety of bacteria are basically composed of the following: (1) harmless Clostridium, (2) Clostridium difficile, (3) Flavobacterium previae, (4) Brutus spp., (5) anaerobic cocci, (6) Murimonas intestini, (7) Clostridium erysipelas, (8) Faecalicatena orotica, (9) Clostridium auderii, (10) butyrate-producing Enterococcus, (11) Eisenberger thyrifolium, (12) symbiotic Clostridium and (13) Timones emergency bacterium. In some respects, a variety of bacteria are composed of the following: (1) harmless Clostridium, (2) Clostridium difficile, (3) Flavobacterium previae, (4) Brutus spp., (5) anaerobic cocci, (6) Murimonas intestini, (7) Clostridium erysipelas, (8) Faecalicatena orotica, (9) Clostridium auderii, (10) butyrate-producing Enterococcus faecalis, (11) Eisenberger thyrifolium, (12) symbiotic Clostridium and (13) Timones emergency bacterium.

[0127] In some respects, a variety of bacteria include: (1) harmless Clostridium, (2) Clostridium difficile, (3) Flavobacterium previae, (4) Brutonella sphaeroides, (5) anaerobic cocci, (6) Murimonas intestini, (7) Clostridium erysipelas, (8) Faecalicatena orotica, (9) Clostridium auderii, (10) butyrate-producing Enterococcus, (11) Eisenberger thyri, (12) symbiotic Clostridium, (13) scintillans, (14) Timones emergency bacterium, (15) Faecalicatena cortorta, (16) long oval lactone-producing bacterium, (17) Enterococcus masei, (18) Niameybacter sp1 and (19) Turicibacter sanguinis. In some respects, a variety of bacteria are basically composed of the following: (1) harmless Clostridium, (2) Clostridium difficile, (3) Flavobacterium previae, (4) Brutonella sphaeroides, (5) anaerobic cocci, (6) Murimonas intestini, (7) Clostridium erysipelas, (8) Faecalicatena orotica, (9) Clostridium auderii, (10) butyrate-producing Enterococcus, (11) Eisenbergella tylis, (12) symbiotic Clostridium, (13) Clostridium scintillans, (14) Timones emergency bacterium, (15) Faecalicatena cortorta, (16) long oval lactone-producing bacterium, (17) Enterococcus masei, (18) Niameybacter sp1 and (19) Turicibacter sanguinis. In some respects, a variety of bacteria are composed of the following: (1) harmless Clostridium, (2) Clostridium difficile, (3) Flavobacterium previae, (4) Brutus sphaeroides, (5) anaerobic cocci, (6) Murimonas intestini, (7) Clostridium erysipelas, (8) Faecalicatena orotica, (9) Clostridium auderii, (10) butyrate-producing Enterococcus, (11) Eisenberger thyri, (12) symbiotic Clostridium, (13) Clostridium scintillans, (14) Timones emergency bacterium, (15) Faecalicatena cortorta, (16) long oval lactone-producing bacterium, (17) Enterococcus masei, (18) Niameybacter sp1 and (19) Turicibacter sanguinis.

[0128] In some respects, a variety of bacteria include: (1) harmless Clostridium, (2) Clostridium difficile, (3) Flavobacterium previae, (4) human Brontë, (5) anaerobic cocci, (6) Murimonas intestini, (7) Clostridium erysipelas, (8) Faecalicatena orotica, (9) Timones emergency bacterium, (10) Clostridium auderii, (11) Eisenberger thyrifolium, (12) Clostridium scintillans, (13) Dorebrospinal long-chain bacteria, (14) Brontë ovale, (15) Brontë velutina, and (16) Eubacterium karyotes. In some respects, a variety of bacteria are basically composed of the following: (1) harmless Clostridium, (2) Clostridium difficile, (3) Flavobacterium prevalence, (4) human Brontë, (5) anaerobic cocci, (6) Murimonas intestini, (7) Clostridium erysipelas, (8) Faecalicatena orotica, (9) Timones emergency bacterium, (10) Clostridium auderii, (11) Eisenberger thyrifolium, (12) Clostridium scintillans, (13) Dorebrospinal long-chain bacteria, (14) Brontë ovale, (15) Brontë velutina, and (16) Eubacterium karyotes. In some respects, a variety of bacteria are composed of the following: (1) harmless Clostridium, (2) Clostridium difficile, (3) Flavobacterium prevalence, (4) human Brontë, (5) anaerobic cocci, (6) Murimonas intestini, (7) Clostridium erysipelas, (8) Faecalicatena orotica, (9) Timones emergency bacterium, (10) Clostridium auderii, (11) Eisenberger thyrifolium, (12) Clostridium scintillans, (13) Dorebrospinal long-chain bacteria, (14) Brontë ovale, (15) Brontë velutina and (16) Eubacterium karyotes.

[0129] In some aspects, *Anaerobic cocci* of the colon comprises a 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 5, SEQ ID NO: 79, SEQ ID NO: 80, or SEQ ID NO: 81. In some aspects, *Brutella fasciatus* comprises a 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 4, SEQ ID NO: 74, SEQ ID NO: 75, SEQ ID NO: 76, SEQ ID NO: 77, or SEQ ID NO: 78. In some aspects, *Brutella sphaeroides* comprises the 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 4, SEQ ID NO: 74, SEQ ID NO: 75, SEQ ID NO: 76, SEQ ID NO: 77, or SEQ ID NO: 78. In some aspects, *Brutella human* comprises a 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 29, SEQ ID NO: 32, SEQ ID NO: 33, SEQ ID NO: 34, SEQ ID NO: 35, SEQ ID NO: 36, or SEQ ID NO: 37. In some aspects, *Brutella human* comprises the 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 29, SEQ ID NO: 32, SEQ ID NO: 33, SEQ ID NO: 34, SEQ ID NO: 35, SEQ ID NO: 36, or SEQ ID NO: 37. In some respects, *Brutella ovalis* contains a 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 26, SEQ ID NO: 158, SEQ ID NO: 159, SEQ ID NO: 160, SEQ ID NO: 161, SEQ ID NO: 162, or SEQ ID NO: 163.In some aspects, *Brutella ovalis* comprises the 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 26, SEQ ID NO: 158, SEQ ID NO: 159, SEQ ID NO: 160, SEQ ID NO: 161, SEQ ID NO: 162, or SEQ ID NO: 163. In some aspects, *Brutella wesleyanus* comprises a 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity to the sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 30, SEQ ID NO: 38, SEQ ID NO: 39, SEQ ID NO: 40, SEQ ID NO: 41, SEQ ID NO: 42, SEQ ID NO: 43, SEQ ID NO: 44, SEQ ID NO: 166, SEQ ID NO: 167, SEQ ID NO: 168, SEQ ID NO: 169, SEQ ID NO: 170, SEQ ID NO: 171, or SEQ ID NO: 172. In some aspects, *Brutella vegetans* comprises the 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 30, SEQ ID NO: 38, SEQ ID NO: 39, SEQ ID NO: 40, SEQ ID NO: 41, SEQ ID NO: 42, SEQ ID NO: 43, SEQ ID NO: 44, SEQ ID NO: 166, SEQ ID NO: 167, SEQ ID NO: 168, SEQ ID NO: 169, SEQ ID NO: 170, SEQ ID NO: 171, or SEQ ID NO: 172. In some aspects, *Butycoccus* sp2 comprises a 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 20 or SEQ ID NO: 132. In some aspects, *Butycoccus* sp2 comprises the 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 20 or SEQ ID NO: 132. In some respects, Clostridium auderii contains a 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 10, SEQ ID NO: 100, SEQ ID NO: 101, SEQ ID NO: 102, SEQ ID NO: 103, or SEQ ID NO: 104.In some aspects, *Clostridium difficile* comprises the 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 10, SEQ ID NO: 100, SEQ ID NO: 101, SEQ ID NO: 102, SEQ ID NO: 103, or SEQ ID NO: 104. In some aspects, *Clostridium difficile* comprises a 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 2, SEQ ID NO: 66, SEQ ID NO: 67, SEQ ID NO: 68, SEQ ID NO: 69, or SEQ ID NO: 70. In some aspects, *Clostridium difficile* comprises the 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 2, SEQ ID NO: 66, SEQ ID NO: 67, SEQ ID NO: 68, SEQ ID NO: 69, or SEQ ID NO: 70. In some aspects, *Clostridium perfringens* comprises a 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 1, SEQ ID NO: 61, SEQ ID NO: 62, SEQ ID NO: 63, SEQ ID NO: 64, or SEQ ID NO: 65. In some aspects, *Clostridium scintillans* comprises a 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 14, SEQ ID NO: 111, SEQ ID NO: 112, SEQ ID NO: 113, or SEQ ID NO: 114. In some aspects, *Clostridium scintillans* comprises the 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 14, SEQ ID NO: 111, SEQ ID NO: 112, SEQ ID NO: 113, or SEQ ID NO: 114. In some aspects, *Clostridium symbioticum* comprises a 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 13 or SEQ ID NO: 110. In some aspects, *Clostridium symbioticum* comprises the 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 13 or SEQ ID NO: 110.In some respects, *Dorhizium longum* comprises a 16S rDDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequences shown in SEQ ID NO: 25, SEQ ID NO: 50, SEQ ID NO: 51, SEQ ID NO: 52, SEQ ID NO: 53, SEQ ID NO: 54, SEQ ID NO: 55, SEQ ID NO: 56, SEQ ID NO: 57, SEQ ID NO: 58, SEQ ID NO: 59, SEQ ID NO: 60, SEQ ID NO: 152, SEQ ID NO: 153, SEQ ID NO: 154, SEQ ID NO: 155, SEQ ID NO: 156, or SEQ ID NO: 157. In some aspects, *Dorrelia longiformis* comprises the 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 25, SEQ ID NO: 50, SEQ ID NO: 51, SEQ ID NO: 52, SEQ ID NO: 53, SEQ ID NO: 54, SEQ ID NO: 55, SEQ ID NO: 56, SEQ ID NO: 57, SEQ ID NO: 58, SEQ ID NO: 59, SEQ ID NO: 60, SEQ ID NO: 152, SEQ ID NO: 153, SEQ ID NO: 154, SEQ ID NO: 155, SEQ ID NO: 156, or SEQ ID NO: 157. In some aspects, *Eisenberger tympani* comprises a 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 12, SEQ ID NO: 106, SEQ ID NO: 107, SEQ ID NO: 108, or SEQ ID NO: 109. In some aspects, *Eisenberger tympani* comprises the 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 12, SEQ ID NO: 106, SEQ ID NO: 107, SEQ ID NO: 108, or SEQ ID NO: 109. In some aspects, *Eisenberger tympani* comprises a 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 9, SEQ ID NO: 97, SEQ ID NO: 98, SEQ ID NO: 99, SEQ ID NO: 15, SEQ ID NO: 115, or SEQ ID NO: 116.In some aspects, *Timonis Emergency* contains the 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 9, SEQ ID NO: 97, SEQ ID NO: 98, SEQ ID NO: 99, SEQ ID NO: 15, SEQ ID NO: 115, or SEQ ID NO: 116. In some aspects, *Clostridium erythropoiesis* contains a 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 7, SEQ ID NO: 87, SEQ ID NO: 88, SEQ ID NO: 89, SEQ ID NO: 90, or SEQ ID NO: 91. In some aspects, *Clostridium erythropoiesis* contains the 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 7, SEQ ID NO: 87, SEQ ID NO: 88, SEQ ID NO: 89, SEQ ID NO: 90, or SEQ ID NO: 91. In some aspects, *E. karyotes* comprises a 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 31, SEQ ID NO: 45, SEQ ID NO: 46, SEQ ID NO: 47, SEQ ID NO: 48, SEQ ID NO: 49, SEQ ID NO: 173, SEQ ID NO: 174, SEQ ID NO: 175, SEQ ID NO: 176, or SEQ ID NO: 177. In some aspects, *E. karyotes* comprises a 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 31, SEQ ID NO: 45, SEQ ID NO: 46, SEQ ID NO: 47, SEQ ID NO: 48, SEQ ID NO: 49, SEQ ID NO: 173, SEQ ID NO: 174, SEQ ID NO: 175, SEQ ID NO: 176, or SEQ ID NO: 177. In some respects, Faecalicatena cortorta comprises a 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequences shown in SEQ ID NO: 16, SEQ ID NO: 117, SEQ ID NO: 118, SEQ ID NO: 119, or SEQ ID NO: 120.In some aspects, *Faecalicatena cortorta* comprises the 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 16, SEQ ID NO: 117, SEQ ID NO: 118, SEQ ID NO: 119, or SEQ ID NO: 120. In some aspects, *Faecalicatena orotica* comprises a 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequences shown in SEQ ID NO: 8, SEQ ID NO: 92, SEQ ID NO: 93, SEQ ID NO: 94, SEQ ID NO: 95, or SEQ ID NO: 96. In some aspects, *Faecalicatena orotica* comprises the 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 8, SEQ ID NO: 92, SEQ ID NO: 93, SEQ ID NO: 94, SEQ ID NO: 95, or SEQ ID NO: 96. In some aspects, *Flavobacterium previa* comprises a 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 3. In some aspects, *Flavobacterium previa* comprises the 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 3. In some aspects, *Hungatella effluvia* comprises a 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequences shown in SEQ ID NO: 19, SEQ ID NO: 126, SEQ ID NO: 127, SEQ ID NO: 128, SEQ ID NO: 129, SEQ ID NO: 130, or SEQ ID NO: 131. In some aspects, *Hungatella effluvia* comprises the 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 19, SEQ ID NO: 126, SEQ ID NO: 127, SEQ ID NO: 128, SEQ ID NO: 129, SEQ ID NO: 130, or SEQ ID NO: 131. In some aspects, *Enteromonas butyrate-producing* comprises a 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 11 or SEQ ID NO: 105.In some aspects, *Enterococcus butyrate-producing* comprises the 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 11 or SEQ ID NO: 105. In some aspects, *Enterococcus masei* comprises a 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 21 or SEQ ID NO: 133. In some aspects, *Enterococcus masei* comprises the 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 21 or SEQ ID NO: 133. In some aspects, *L. ovale* comprises a 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 17, SEQ ID NO: 28, or SEQ ID NO: 165. In some aspects, *L. ovale* contains the 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 17, SEQ ID NO: 28, or SEQ ID NO: 165. In some aspects, *L. ovale* contains the 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 17, SEQ ID NO: 121, SEQ ID NO: 122, SEQ ID NO: 123, or SEQ ID NO: 124. In some aspects, *L. ovale* contains the 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 28 or SEQ ID NO: 165. In some aspects, *L. ovale* spp. sp7 contains a 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 27 or SEQ ID NO: 164. In some aspects, *L. laussenii* sp7 contains the 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 27 or SEQ ID NO: 164. In some aspects, *Massilimaliae timonensis* contains a 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 18 or SEQ ID NO: 125. In some aspects, *Massilimaliae timonensis* contains the 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 18 or SEQ ID NO: 125. In some aspects, Murimonas intestini comprises a 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 6, SEQ ID NO: 82, SEQ ID NO: 83, SEQ ID NO: 84, SEQ ID NO: 85, or SEQ ID NO: 86. In some aspects, Niameybacter sp1 comprises a 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 22 or SEQ ID NO: 134. In some aspects, Niameybacter sp1 comprises the 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 22 or SEQ ID NO: 134. In some aspects, Ruminococcus NG13 sp6 comprises a 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequences shown in SEQ ID NO: 24, SEQ ID NO: 149, SEQ ID NO: 150, or SEQ ID NO: 151.In some aspects, Ruminococcus NG13 sp6 comprises the 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 24, SEQ ID NO: 149, SEQ ID NO: 150, or SEQ ID NO: 151. In some aspects, Turicibacter sanguinis comprises a 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 23, SEQ ID NO: 135, SEQ ID NO: 136, SEQ ID NO: 137, SEQ ID NO: 138, SEQ ID NO: 139, SEQ ID NO: 140, SEQ ID NO: 141, SEQ ID NO: 142, SEQ ID NO: 143, SEQ ID NO: 144, SEQ ID NO: 145, SEQ ID NO: 146, SEQ ID NO: 147, or SEQ ID NO: 148. In some respects, Turicibacter sanguinis contains the 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 23, SEQ ID NO: 135, SEQ ID NO: 136, SEQ ID NO: 137, SEQ ID NO: 138, SEQ ID NO: 139, SEQ ID NO: 140, SEQ ID NO: 141, SEQ ID NO: 142, SEQ ID NO: 143, SEQ ID NO: 144, SEQ ID NO: 145, SEQ ID NO: 146, SEQ ID NO: 147 or SEQ ID NO: 148.

[0130] As will be apparent from this disclosure, any bacterial species described herein can be described based on its 16S rDNA sequence. Therefore, in some aspects, the bacterial compositions usable in this disclosure may comprise a variety of bacteria, wherein the variety of bacteria comprises those of SEQ ID NO: 5, SEQ ID NO: 79, SEQ ID NO: 80, SEQ ID NO: 81, SEQ ID NO: 4, SEQ ID NO: 74, SEQ ID NO: 75, SEQ ID NO: 76, SEQ ID NO: 77, SEQ ID NO: 78, SEQ ID NO: 26, SEQ ID NO: 158, SEQ ID NO: 159, SEQ ID NO: 160, SEQ ID NO: 161, SEQ ID NO: 162, SEQ ID NO: 163, SEQ ID NO: 20, SEQ ID NO: 132, SEQ ID NO: 10, SEQ ID NO: 100, SEQ ID NO: 101, SEQ ID NO: 10266, SEQ ID NO: 10367, SEQ ID NO: 10468, SEQ ID NO: 69, SEQ ID NO: 70, SEQ ID NO: 1, SEQ ID NO: 61, SEQ ID NO: 62, SEQ ID NO: 69, SEQ ID NO: 70, SEQ ID NO: 1, SEQ ID NO: 61, SEQ ID NO: 62, SEQ ID NO: 69, SEQ ID NO: 70, SEQ ID NO: 1, SEQ ID NO: 61, SEQ ID NO: 62, SEQ ID NO: 79, SEQ ID NO: 79, SEQ ID NO: 80, SEQ ID NO: 81 ...79, ID NO: 63, SEQ ID NO: 64, SEQ ID NO: 65, SEQ ID NO: 14, SEQ ID NO: 111, SEQ ID NO: 112, SEQ ID NO: 113, SEQ ID NO: 114, SEQ ID NO: 13, SEQ ID NO: 110, SEQ ID NO: 25, SEQ ID NO: 50, SEQ ID NO: 51, SEQ ID NO: 52, SEQ ID NO: 53, SEQ ID NO: 54, SEQ ID NO: 55, SEQ ID NO: 56, SEQ ID NO: 57, SEQ ID NO: 58, SEQ ID NO: 59, SEQ ID NO: 60, SEQ ID NO: 152, SEQ ID NO: 153, SEQ ID NO: 154, SEQ ID NO: 155, SEQ ID NO: 156, SEQ ID NO: 157, SEQ ID NO: 12, SEQ ID NO: 9, SEQ ID NO: 97, SEQ ID NO: 98, SEQ ID NO: 99, SEQ ID NO: 15, SEQ ID NO: 115, SEQ ID NO: 116, SEQ ID NO: 7, SEQ ID NO: 87, SEQ IDNO: 88, SEQ ID NO: 89, SEQ ID NO: 90, SEQ ID NO: 91, SEQ ID NO: 16, SEQ ID NO: 117, SEQ ID NO: 118, SEQ ID NO: 119, SEQ ID NO: 120, SEQ ID NO: 8, SEQ ID NO: 92, SEQ ID NO: 93, SEQ ID NO: 94, SEQ ID NO: 95, SEQ ID NO: 96, SEQ ID NO: 3, SEQ ID NO: 71, SEQ ID NO: 72, SEQ ID NO: 73, SEQ ID NO: 19, SEQ ID NO: 126, SEQ ID NO: 127, SEQ ID NO: 128, SEQ ID NO: 129, SEQ ID NO: 130, SEQ ID NO: 131, SEQ ID NO: 11, SEQ ID NO: 105, SEQ ID NO: 21, SEQ ID NO: 133, SEQ ID NO: 17, SEQ ID NO: 121, SEQ ID NO: 122, SEQ ID NO: 123, SEQ ID NO: 124, SEQ ID NO: 28, SEQ ID NO: 165, SEQ ID NO: 27, SEQ ID NO: 164, SEQ ID NO: 18, SEQ ID NO: 125, SEQ ID NO: 6, SEQ ID NO: 82, SEQ ID NO: 83, SEQ ID NO: 84, SEQ ID NO: 85, SEQ ID NO: 86, SEQ ID NO: 22, SEQ ID NO: 134, SEQ ID NO: 24, SEQ ID NO: 149, SEQ ID NO: 150, SEQ ID NO: 151, SEQ ID NO: 23, SEQ ID NO: 135, SEQ ID NO: 136, SEQ ID NO: 137, SEQ ID NO: 138, SEQ ID NO: 139, SEQ ID NO: 140, SEQ ID NO: 141, SEQ ID NO: 142, SEQ ID NO: 143, SEQ ID NO: 144, SEQ ID NO: 145, SEQ ID NO: 146, SEQ ID NO: 147, SEQ ID NO: 148, SEQ ID NO: 29, SEQ ID NO: 32, SEQ ID NO: 33, SEQ ID NO: 34, SEQ ID NO: 3NO: 30, SEQ ID NO: 38, SEQ ID NO: 39, SEQ ID NO: 40, SEQ ID NO: 41, SEQ ID NO: 42, SEQ ID NO: 43, SEQ ID NO: 44, SEQ ID NO: 166, SEQ ID NO: 167, SEQ ID NO: 168, SEQ ID NO: 169, SEQ ID NO: 170, SEQ ID NO: 171, SEQ 16S shown in any one of ID NO: 172, SEQ ID NO: 31, SEQ ID NO: 45, SEQ ID NO: 46, SEQ ID NO: 47, SEQ ID NO: 48, SEQ ID NO: 49, SEQ ID NO: 173, SEQ ID NO: 174, SEQ ID NO: 175, SEQ ID NO: 176 or SEQ ID NO: 177 The rDNA sequence has a 16S rDNA sequence with at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 97.5%, at least about 98%, at least about 98.5%, at least about 99%, at least about 99.5%, or about 100% sequence identity.

[0131] In some aspects, the plurality of bacteria comprise SEQ ID NO: 1, SEQ ID NO: 61, SEQ ID NO: 62, SEQ ID NO: 63, SEQ ID NO: 64, SEQ ID NO: 65, SEQ ID NO: 2, SEQ ID NO: 66, SEQ ID NO: 67, SEQ ID NO: 68, SEQ ID NO: 69, SEQ ID NO: 70, SEQ ID NO: 3, SEQ ID NO: 3 NO: 71, SEQ ID NO: 72, SEQ ID NO: 73, SEQ ID NO: 4, SEQ ID NO: 74, SEQ ID NO: 75, SEQ ID NO: 76, SEQ ID NO: 77, SEQ ID NO: 78, SEQ ID NO: 5, SEQ ID NO: 79, SEQ ID NO: 80, SEQ ID NO: 81, SEQ ID NO: 6, SEQ ID NO: 82, SEQ ID NO: 83, SEQ ID NO: 84, SEQ ID NO: 85, SEQ ID NO: 86, SEQ ID NO: 7, SEQ ID NO: 87, SEQ ID The 16S rDNA sequences shown in any one of SEQ ID NO: 88, SEQ ID NO: 89, SEQ ID NO: 90, SEQ ID NO: 91, SEQ ID NO: 8, SEQ ID NO: 92, SEQ ID NO: 93, SEQ ID NO: 94, SEQ ID NO: 95, SEQ ID NO: 96, SEQ ID NO: 10, SEQ ID NO: 100, SEQ ID NO: 101, SEQ ID NO: 102, SEQ ID NO: 103, SEQ ID NO: 104, SEQ ID NO: 12, SEQ ID NO: 106, SEQ ID NO: 107, SEQ ID NO: 108, or SEQ ID NO: 109 are 16S rDNA sequences having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 97.5%, at least about 98%, at least about 98.5%, at least about 99%, at least about 99.5%, or about 100% sequence identity.

[0132] In some respects, various bacteria also contain 16S rDNA sequences having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 97.5%, at least about 98%, at least about 98.5%, at least about 99%, at least about 99.5%, or about 100% sequence identity with the 16S rDNA sequences shown in SEQ ID NO: 9, SEQ ID NO: 97, SEQ ID NO: 98, or SEQ ID NO: 99.Therefore, in some respects, various bacteria comprise a first 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 97.5%, at least about 98%, at least about 98.5%, at least about 99%, at least about 99.5%, or about 100% sequence identity with the 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 9, SEQ ID NO: 67, SEQ ID NO: 98, or SEQ ID NO: 99, and a first 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 97.5%, at least about 98%, at least about 98.5%, at least about 99%, at least about 99.5%, or about 100% sequence identity with SEQ ID NO: 1, SEQ ID NO: 61, SEQ ID NO: 62, SEQ ID NO: 63, SEQ ID NO: 64, SEQ ID NO: 65, SEQ ID NO: 2, SEQ ID NO: 66, SEQ ID NO: 67, SEQ ID NO: 68, SEQ ID NO: 69, SEQ ID NO: 70, SEQ ID NO: 3, SEQ ID NO: 71, SEQ ID NO: 72, SEQ ID NO: 73, SEQ ID NO: 4, SEQ ID NO: 74, SEQ ID NO: 75 ... ID NO: 76, SEQ ID NO: 77, SEQ ID NO: 78, SEQ ID NO: 5, SEQ ID NO: 79, SEQ ID NO: 80, SEQ ID NO: 81, SEQ ID NO: 6, SEQ ID NO: 82, SEQ ID NO: 83, SEQ ID NO: 84, SEQ ID NO: 85, SEQ ID NO: 86, SEQ ID NO: 7, SEQ ID NO: 87, SEQ ID NO: 88, SEQ ID NO: 89, SEQ ID NO: 90, SEQ ID NO: 91, SEQ ID NO: 8, SEQ ID NO: 92, SEQ ID NO: 93, SEQ ID NO: 94, SEQ ID NO: 95, SEQ ID NO: 96, SEQ ID NO: 10, SEQ ID NO: 100, SEQ ID NO: 101, SEQ ID NO: 102, SEQ ID NO: 103, SEQ ID NO: 104, SEQ ID NO: 12, SEQ ID NO: 106, SEQ ID NO: 107, SEQ ID The 16S rDNA sequence shown in either NO: 108 or SEQ ID NO: 109 is a second 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 97.5%, at least about 98%, at least about 98.5%, at least about 99%, at least about 99.5%, or about 100% sequence identity.

[0133] In some respects, a variety of bacteria includes each of the following:

[0134] (a) A 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 97.5%, at least about 98%, at least about 98.5%, at least about 99%, at least about 99.5%, or about 100% sequence identity with the 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 9, SEQ ID NO: 97, SEQ ID NO: 98, or SEQ ID NO: 99;

[0135] (b) A 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 97.5%, at least about 98%, at least about 98.5%, at least about 99%, at least about 99.5%, or about 100% sequence identity with the 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 1, SEQ ID NO: 61, SEQ ID NO: 62, SEQ ID NO: 63, SEQ ID NO: 64, or SEQ ID NO: 65.

[0136] (c) A 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 97.5%, at least about 98%, at least about 98.5%, at least about 99%, at least about 99.5%, or about 100% sequence identity with the 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 2, SEQ ID NO: 66, SEQ ID NO: 67, SEQ ID NO: 68, SEQ ID NO: 69, or SEQ ID NO: 70.

[0137] (d) A 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 97.5%, at least about 98%, at least about 98.5%, at least about 99%, at least about 99.5%, or about 100% sequence identity with the 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 3, SEQ ID NO: 71, SEQ ID NO: 72, or SEQ ID NO: 73.

[0138] (e) A 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 97.5%, at least about 98%, at least about 98.5%, at least about 99%, at least about 99.5%, or about 100% sequence identity with the 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 4, SEQ ID NO: 74, SEQ ID NO: 75, SEQ ID NO: 76, SEQ ID NO: 77, or SEQ ID NO: 78.

[0139] (f) A 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 97.5%, at least about 98%, at least about 98.5%, at least about 99%, at least about 99.5%, or about 100% sequence identity with the 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 5, SEQ ID NO: 79, SEQ ID NO: 80, or SEQ ID NO: 81.

[0140] (g) A 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 97.5%, at least about 98%, at least about 98.5%, at least about 99%, at least about 99.5%, or about 100% sequence identity with the 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 6, SEQ ID NO: 82, SEQ ID NO: 83, SEQ ID NO: 84, SEQ ID NO: 85, or SEQ ID NO: 86.

[0141] (h) A 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 97.5%, at least about 98%, at least about 98.5%, at least about 99%, at least about 99.5%, or about 100% sequence identity with the 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 7, SEQ ID NO: 87, SEQ ID NO: 88, SEQ ID NO: 89, SEQ ID NO: 90, or SEQ ID NO: 91.

[0142] (i) A 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 97.5%, at least about 98%, at least about 98.5%, at least about 99%, at least about 99.5%, or about 100% sequence identity with the 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 8, SEQ ID NO: 92, SEQ ID NO: 93, SEQ ID NO: 94, SEQ ID NO: 95, or SEQ ID NO: 96.

[0143] (j) A 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 97.5%, at least about 98%, at least about 98.5%, at least about 99%, at least about 99.5%, or about 100% sequence identity with the 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 10, SEQ ID NO: 100, SEQ ID NO: 101, SEQ ID NO: 102, SEQ ID NO: 103, or SEQ ID NO: 104, and

[0144] (k) A 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 97.5%, at least about 98%, at least about 98.5%, at least about 99%, at least about 99.5%, or about 100% sequence identity with the 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 12, SEQ ID NO: 106, SEQ ID NO: 107, SEQ ID NO: 108, or SEQ ID NO: 109.

[0145] In some respects, various bacteria also include: (a) a 16S rDNA sequence having at least 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 11 or SEQ ID NO: 105; (b) a 16S rDNA sequence having at least 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 13 or SEQ ID NO: 110; (c) a 16S rDNA sequence having at least 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 14, SEQ ID NO: 111, SEQ ID NO: 112, SEQ ID NO: 113, or SEQ ID NO: 114; or (d) a 16S rDNA sequence having at least 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 15, SEQ ID NO: 115, or SEQ ID NO: 110. The sequence shown in NO:116 is a 16S rDNA sequence having at least 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity.

[0146] Therefore, in some respects, various bacteria contain a first 16S rDNA sequence having at least 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 11 or SEQ ID NO: 105 and a sequence with SEQ ID NO: 1, SEQ ID NO: 61, SEQ ID NO: 62, SEQ ID NO: 63, SEQ ID NO: 64, SEQ ID NO: 65, SEQ ID NO: 2, SEQ ID NO: 66, SEQ ID NO: 67, SEQ ID NO: 68, SEQ ID NO: 69, SEQ ID NO: 70, SEQ ID NO: 3, SEQ ID NO: 71, SEQ ID NO: 72, SEQ ID NO: 73, SEQ ID NO: 4, SEQ ID NO: 74, SEQ ID NO: 75, SEQ ID NO: 76, SEQ ID NO: 77, SEQ ID NO: 78, SEQ ID NO: 5, SEQ ID NO: 79, SEQ ID NO: 80, SEQ ID NO: 81, SEQ ID NO: 6 ... ID NO: 6, SEQ ID NO: 82, SEQ ID NO: 83, SEQ ID NO: 84, SEQ ID NO: 85, SEQ ID NO: 86, SEQ ID NO: 7, SEQ ID NO: 87, SEQ ID NO: 88, SEQ ID NO: 89, SEQ ID NO: 90, SEQ ID NO: 91, SEQ ID NO: 8, SEQ ID NO: 92, SEQ ID NO: 93, SEQ ID NO: 94, SEQ ID NO: 95, SEQ ID NO: 96, SEQ ID NO: 10, SEQ ID NO: 100, SEQ ID NO: 101, SEQ ID NO: 102, SEQ ID NO: 103, SEQ ID NO: 104, SEQ ID NO: 12, SEQ ID NO: 106, SEQ ID NO: 107, SEQ ID NO: 108 or SEQ ID The 16S rDNA sequence shown in any of NO: 109 is a second 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 97.5%, at least about 98%, at least about 98.5%, at least about 99%, at least about 99.5%, or about 100% sequence identity.

[0147] In some respects, a variety of bacteria includes each of the following:

[0148] (a) A 16S rDNA sequence having at least 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 11 or SEQ ID NO: 105;

[0149] (b) A 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 97.5%, at least about 98%, at least about 98.5%, at least about 99%, at least about 99.5%, or about 100% sequence identity with the 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 1, SEQ ID NO: 61, SEQ ID NO: 62, SEQ ID NO: 63, SEQ ID NO: 64, or SEQ ID NO: 65.

[0150] (c) A 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 97.5%, at least about 98%, at least about 98.5%, at least about 99%, at least about 99.5%, or about 100% sequence identity with the 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 2, SEQ ID NO: 66, SEQ ID NO: 67, SEQ ID NO: 68, SEQ ID NO: 69, or SEQ ID NO: 70.

[0151] (d) A 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 97.5%, at least about 98%, at least about 98.5%, at least about 99%, at least about 99.5%, or about 100% sequence identity with the 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 3, SEQ ID NO: 71, SEQ ID NO: 72, or SEQ ID NO: 73.

[0152] (e) A 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 97.5%, at least about 98%, at least about 98.5%, at least about 99%, at least about 99.5%, or about 100% sequence identity with the 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 4, SEQ ID NO: 74, SEQ ID NO: 75, SEQ ID NO: 76, SEQ ID NO: 77, or SEQ ID NO: 78.

[0153] (f) A 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 97.5%, at least about 98%, at least about 98.5%, at least about 99%, at least about 99.5%, or about 100% sequence identity with the 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 5, SEQ ID NO: 79, SEQ ID NO: 80, or SEQ ID NO: 81.

[0154] (g) A 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 97.5%, at least about 98%, at least about 98.5%, at least about 99%, at least about 99.5%, or about 100% sequence identity with the 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 6, SEQ ID NO: 82, SEQ ID NO: 83, SEQ ID NO: 84, SEQ ID NO: 85, or SEQ ID NO: 86.

[0155] (h) A 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 97.5%, at least about 98%, at least about 98.5%, at least about 99%, at least about 99.5%, or about 100% sequence identity with the 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 7, SEQ ID NO: 87, SEQ ID NO: 88, SEQ ID NO: 89, SEQ ID NO: 90, or SEQ ID NO: 91.

[0156] (i) A 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 97.5%, at least about 98%, at least about 98.5%, at least about 99%, at least about 99.5%, or about 100% sequence identity with the 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 8, SEQ ID NO: 92, SEQ ID NO: 93, SEQ ID NO: 94, SEQ ID NO: 95, or SEQ ID NO: 96.

[0157] (j) A 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 97.5%, at least about 98%, at least about 98.5%, at least about 99%, at least about 99.5%, or about 100% sequence identity with the 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 10, SEQ ID NO: 100, SEQ ID NO: 101, SEQ ID NO: 102, SEQ ID NO: 103, or SEQ ID NO: 104, and

[0158] (k) A 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 97.5%, at least about 98%, at least about 98.5%, at least about 99%, at least about 99.5%, or about 100% sequence identity with the 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 12, SEQ ID NO: 106, SEQ ID NO: 107, SEQ ID NO: 108, or SEQ ID NO: 109.

[0159] In some aspects, the bacterial composition comprises a first 16S rDNA sequence having at least 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 13 or SEQ ID NO: 110, and a sequence having at least 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with SEQ ID NO: 1, SEQ ID NO: 61, SEQ ID NO: 62, SEQ ID NO: 63, SEQ ID NO: 64, SEQ ID NO: 65, SEQ ID NO: 2, SEQ ID NO: 3, SEQ ID NO: 71, SEQ ID NO: 72, SEQ ID NO: 73, SEQ ID NO: 4, SEQ ID NO: 74, SEQ ID NO: 75, SEQ ID NO: 76, SEQ ID NO: 77, SEQ ID NO: 78, SEQ ID NO: 5, SEQ ID NO: 79, SEQ ID NO: 80, SEQ ID NO: 81, SEQ ID NO: 6, SEQ ID NO: 82, SEQ ID NO: 83, SEQ ID NO: 84, SEQ ID NO: 85, SEQ ID NO: 6, SEQ ID NO: 86, SEQ ID NO: 87, SEQ ID NO: 78, SEQ ID NO: 5, SEQ ID NO: 79, SEQ ID NO: 80, SEQ ID NO: 81, SEQ ID NO: 6, SEQ ID NO: 82, SEQ ID NO: 83, SEQ ID NO: 84, SEQ ID NO: 85, SEQ ID NO: 86, SEQ ID NO: 87, SEQ ID NO: 78, SEQ ID NO: 5, SEQ ID NO: 79, SEQ ID NO NO: 86, SEQ ID NO: 7, SEQ ID NO: 87, SEQ ID NO: 88, SEQ ID NO: 89, SEQ ID NO: 90, SEQ ID NO: 91, SEQ ID NO: 8, SEQ ID NO: 92, SEQ ID NO: 93, SEQ ID NO: 94, SEQ ID NO: 95, SEQ ID NO: 96, SEQ ID NO: 10, SEQ ID NO: 100, SEQ ID NO: 101, SEQ ID NO: 102, SEQ ID NO: 103, SEQ ID NO: 104, SEQ ID NO: 12, SEQ ID NO: 106, SEQ ID NO: 107, SEQ ID NO: 108 or SEQ ID The 16S rDNA sequence shown in any of NO: 109 is a second 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 97.5%, at least about 98%, at least about 98.5%, at least about 99%, at least about 99.5%, or about 100% sequence identity.

[0160] In some respects, a variety of bacteria includes each of the following:

[0161] (a) A 16S rDNA sequence having at least 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 13 or SEQ ID NO: 110;

[0162] (b) A 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 97.5%, at least about 98%, at least about 98.5%, at least about 99%, at least about 99.5%, or about 100% sequence identity with the 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 1, SEQ ID NO: 61, SEQ ID NO: 62, SEQ ID NO: 63, SEQ ID NO: 64, or SEQ ID NO: 65.

[0163] (c) A 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 97.5%, at least about 98%, at least about 98.5%, at least about 99%, at least about 99.5%, or about 100% sequence identity with the 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 2, SEQ ID NO: 66, SEQ ID NO: 67, SEQ ID NO: 68, SEQ ID NO: 69, or SEQ ID NO: 70.

[0164] (d) A 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 97.5%, at least about 98%, at least about 98.5%, at least about 99%, at least about 99.5%, or about 100% sequence identity with the 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 3, SEQ ID NO: 71, SEQ ID NO: 72, or SEQ ID NO: 73.

[0165] (e) A 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 97.5%, at least about 98%, at least about 98.5%, at least about 99%, at least about 99.5%, or about 100% sequence identity with the 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 4, SEQ ID NO: 74, SEQ ID NO: 75, SEQ ID NO: 76, SEQ ID NO: 77, or SEQ ID NO: 78.

[0166] (f) A 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 97.5%, at least about 98%, at least about 98.5%, at least about 99%, at least about 99.5%, or about 100% sequence identity with the 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 5, SEQ ID NO: 79, SEQ ID NO: 80, or SEQ ID NO: 81.

[0167] (g) A 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 97.5%, at least about 98%, at least about 98.5%, at least about 99%, at least about 99.5%, or about 100% sequence identity with the 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 6, SEQ ID NO: 82, SEQ ID NO: 83, SEQ ID NO: 84, SEQ ID NO: 85, or SEQ ID NO: 86.

[0168] (h) A 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 97.5%, at least about 98%, at least about 98.5%, at least about 99%, at least about 99.5%, or about 100% sequence identity with the 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 7, SEQ ID NO: 87, SEQ ID NO: 88, SEQ ID NO: 89, SEQ ID NO: 90, or SEQ ID NO: 91.

[0169] (i) A 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 97.5%, at least about 98%, at least about 98.5%, at least about 99%, at least about 99.5%, or about 100% sequence identity with the 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 8, SEQ ID NO: 92, SEQ ID NO: 93, SEQ ID NO: 94, SEQ ID NO: 95, or SEQ ID NO: 96.

[0170] (j) A 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 97.5%, at least about 98%, at least about 98.5%, at least about 99%, at least about 99.5%, or about 100% sequence identity with the 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 10, SEQ ID NO: 100, SEQ ID NO: 101, SEQ ID NO: 102, SEQ ID NO: 103, or SEQ ID NO: 104, and

[0171] (k) A 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 97.5%, at least about 98%, at least about 98.5%, at least about 99%, at least about 99.5%, or about 100% sequence identity with the 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 12, SEQ ID NO: 106, SEQ ID NO: 107, SEQ ID NO: 108, or SEQ ID NO: 109.

[0172] In some aspects, the bacterial composition comprises a first 16S rDNA sequence having at least 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 14, SEQ ID NO: 111, SEQ ID NO: 112, SEQ ID NO: 113, or SEQ ID NO: 114, and a first 16S rDNA sequence having at least 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 1, SEQ ID NO: 61, SEQ ID NO: 62, SEQ ID NO: 63, SEQ ID NO: 64, SEQ ID NO: 65, SEQ ID NO: 2, SEQ ID NO: 66, SEQ ID NO: 67, SEQ ID NO: 68, SEQ ID NO: 69, SEQ ID NO: 70, SEQ ID NO: 3, SEQ ID NO: 71, SEQ ID NO: 72, SEQ ID NO: 73, SEQ ID NO: 4, SEQ ID NO: 74, SEQ ID NO: 75, SEQ ID NO: 76, SEQ ID NO: 77, SEQ ID NO: 78, or SEQ ID NO: 114. NO: 5, SEQ ID NO: 79, SEQ ID NO: 80, SEQ ID NO: 81, SEQ ID NO: 6, SEQ ID NO: 82, SEQ ID NO: 83, SEQ ID NO: 84, SEQ ID NO: 85, SEQ ID NO: 86, SEQ ID NO: 7, SEQ ID NO: 87, SEQ ID NO: 88, SEQ ID NO: 89, SEQ ID NO: 90, SEQ ID NO: 91, SEQ ID NO: 8, SEQ ID NO: 92, SEQ ID NO: 93, SEQ ID NO: 94, SEQ ID NO: 95, SEQ ID NO: 96, SEQ ID NO: 10, SEQ ID NO: 100, SEQ ID NO: 101, SEQ ID NO: 102, SEQ ID NO: 103, SEQ ID NO: 104, SEQ ID NO: 12, SEQ ID 16S shown in any one of NO: 106, SEQ ID NO: 107, SEQ ID NO: 108, or SEQ ID NO: 109 A second 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 97.5%, at least about 98%, at least about 98.5%, at least about 99%, at least about 99.5%, or about 100% sequence identity.

[0173] In some respects, a variety of bacteria includes each of the following:

[0174] (a) A 16S rDNA sequence having at least 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 14, SEQ ID NO: 111, SEQ ID NO: 112, SEQ ID NO: 113, or SEQ ID NO: 114;

[0175] (b) A 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 97.5%, at least about 98%, at least about 98.5%, at least about 99%, at least about 99.5%, or about 100% sequence identity with the 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 1, SEQ ID NO: 61, SEQ ID NO: 62, SEQ ID NO: 63, SEQ ID NO: 64, or SEQ ID NO: 65.

[0176] (c) A 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 97.5%, at least about 98%, at least about 98.5%, at least about 99%, at least about 99.5%, or about 100% sequence identity with the 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 2, SEQ ID NO: 66, SEQ ID NO: 67, SEQ ID NO: 68, SEQ ID NO: 69, or SEQ ID NO: 70.

[0177] (d) A 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 97.5%, at least about 98%, at least about 98.5%, at least about 99%, at least about 99.5%, or about 100% sequence identity with the 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 3, SEQ ID NO: 71, SEQ ID NO: 72, or SEQ ID NO: 73.

[0178] (e) A 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 97.5%, at least about 98%, at least about 98.5%, at least about 99%, at least about 99.5%, or about 100% sequence identity with the 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 4, SEQ ID NO: 74, SEQ ID NO: 75, SEQ ID NO: 76, SEQ ID NO: 77, or SEQ ID NO: 78.

[0179] (f) A 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 97.5%, at least about 98%, at least about 98.5%, at least about 99%, at least about 99.5%, or about 100% sequence identity with the 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 5, SEQ ID NO: 79, SEQ ID NO: 80, or SEQ ID NO: 81.

[0180] (g) A 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 97.5%, at least about 98%, at least about 98.5%, at least about 99%, at least about 99.5%, or about 100% sequence identity with the 16S rDNA sequences shown in SEQ ID NO: 6, SEQ ID NO: 82, SEQ ID NO: 83, SEQ ID NO: 84, SEQ ID NO: 85, and SEQ ID NO: 86.

[0181] (h) A 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 97.5%, at least about 98%, at least about 98.5%, at least about 99%, at least about 99.5%, or about 100% sequence identity with the 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 7, SEQ ID NO: 87, SEQ ID NO: 88, SEQ ID NO: 89, SEQ ID NO: 90, or SEQ ID NO: 91.

[0182] (i) A 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 97.5%, at least about 98%, at least about 98.5%, at least about 99%, at least about 99.5%, or about 100% sequence identity with the 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 8, SEQ ID NO: 92, SEQ ID NO: 93, SEQ ID NO: 94, SEQ ID NO: 95, or SEQ ID NO: 96.

[0183] (j) A 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 97.5%, at least about 98%, at least about 98.5%, at least about 99%, at least about 99.5%, or about 100% sequence identity with the 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 10, SEQ ID NO: 100, SEQ ID NO: 101, SEQ ID NO: 102, SEQ ID NO: 103, or SEQ ID NO: 104, and

[0184] (k) A 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 97.5%, at least about 98%, at least about 98.5%, at least about 99%, at least about 99.5%, or about 100% sequence identity with the 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 12, SEQ ID NO: 106, SEQ ID NO: 107, SEQ ID NO: 108, or SEQ ID NO: 109.

[0185] In some aspects, the bacterial composition comprises a first 16S rDDNA sequence having at least 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 15, SEQ ID NO: 115, or SEQ ID NO: 116, and a sequence having at least 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with SEQ ID NO: 1, SEQ ID NO: 61, SEQ ID NO: 62, SEQ ID NO: 63, SEQ ID NO: 64, SEQ ID NO: 65, SEQ ID NO: 2, SEQ ID NO: 66, SEQ ID NO: 67, SEQ ID NO: 68, SEQ ID NO: 69, SEQ ID NO: 70, SEQ ID NO: 3, SEQ ID NO: 71, SEQ ID NO: 72, SEQ ID NO: 73, SEQ ID NO: 4, SEQ ID NO: 74, SEQ ID NO: 75, SEQ ID NO: 76, SEQ ID NO: 77, SEQ ID NO: 78, SEQ ID NO: 5, SEQ ID NO: 79, SEQ ID NO: 61, SEQ ID NO: 62, SEQ ID NO: 63, SEQ ID NO: 64, SEQ ID NO: 65, SEQ ID NO: 73, SEQ ID NO: 4, SEQ ID NO: 74, SEQ ID NO: 75, SEQ ID NO: 76, SEQ ID NO: 77, SEQ ID NO: 78, SEQ ID NO: 5, SEQ ID NO: 79, SEQ ID NO: 61, SEQ ID NO: 62, SEQ ID NO: 63, SEQ ID NO: 74, SEQ ID NO: 7 NO: 80, SEQ ID NO: 81, SEQ ID NO: 6, SEQ ID NO: 82, SEQ ID NO: 83, SEQ ID NO: 84, SEQ ID NO: 85, SEQ ID NO: 86, SEQ ID NO: 7, SEQ ID NO: 87, SEQ ID NO: 88, SEQ ID NO: 89, SEQ ID NO: 90, SEQ ID NO: 91, SEQ ID NO: 8, SEQ ID NO: 92, SEQ ID NO: 93, SEQ ID NO: 94, SEQ ID NO: 95, SEQ ID NO: 96, SEQ ID NO: 10, SEQ ID NO: 100, SEQ ID NO: 101, SEQ ID NO: 102, SEQ ID NO: 103, SEQ ID NO: 104, SEQ ID NO: 12, SEQ ID NO: 106, SEQ ID NO: 107, SEQ ID NO: 108 or SEQ ID The 16S rDNA sequence shown in any of NO: 109 is a second 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 97.5%, at least about 98%, at least about 98.5%, at least about 99%, at least about 99.5%, or about 100% sequence identity.

[0186] In some respects, a variety of bacteria includes each of the following:

[0187] (a) A 16S rDNA sequence having at least 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 15, SEQ ID NO: 115, or SEQ ID NO: 116;

[0188] (b) A 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 97.5%, at least about 98%, at least about 98.5%, at least about 99%, at least about 99.5%, or about 100% sequence identity with the 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 1, SEQ ID NO: 61, SEQ ID NO: 62, SEQ ID NO: 63, SEQ ID NO: 64, or SEQ ID NO: 65.

[0189] (c) A 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 97.5%, at least about 98%, at least about 98.5%, at least about 99%, at least about 99.5%, or about 100% sequence identity with the 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 2, SEQ ID NO: 66, SEQ ID NO: 67, SEQ ID NO: 68, SEQ ID NO: 69, or SEQ ID NO: 70.

[0190] (d) A 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 97.5%, at least about 98%, at least about 98.5%, at least about 99%, at least about 99.5%, or about 100% sequence identity with the 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 3, SEQ ID NO: 71, SEQ ID NO: 72, or SEQ ID NO: 73.

[0191] (e) A 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 97.5%, at least about 98%, at least about 98.5%, at least about 99%, at least about 99.5%, or about 100% sequence identity with the 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 4, SEQ ID NO: 74, SEQ ID NO: 75, SEQ ID NO: 76, SEQ ID NO: 77, or SEQ ID NO: 78.

[0192] (f) A 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 97.5%, at least about 98%, at least about 98.5%, at least about 99%, at least about 99.5%, or about 100% sequence identity with the 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 5, SEQ ID NO: 79, SEQ ID NO: 80, or SEQ ID NO: 81.

[0193] (g) A 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 97.5%, at least about 98%, at least about 98.5%, at least about 99%, at least about 99.5%, or about 100% sequence identity with the 16S rDNA sequences shown in SEQ ID NO: 6, SEQ ID NO: 82, SEQ ID NO: 83, SEQ ID NO: 84, SEQ ID NO: 85, and SEQ ID NO: 86.

[0194] (h) A 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 97.5%, at least about 98%, at least about 98.5%, at least about 99%, at least about 99.5%, or about 100% sequence identity with the 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 7, SEQ ID NO: 87, SEQ ID NO: 88, SEQ ID NO: 89, SEQ ID NO: 90, or SEQ ID NO: 91.

[0195] (i) A 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 97.5%, at least about 98%, at least about 98.5%, at least about 99%, at least about 99.5%, or about 100% sequence identity with the 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 8, SEQ ID NO: 92, SEQ ID NO: 93, SEQ ID NO: 94, SEQ ID NO: 95, or SEQ ID NO: 96.

[0196] (j) A 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 97.5%, at least about 98%, at least about 98.5%, at least about 99%, at least about 99.5%, or about 100% sequence identity with the 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 10, SEQ ID NO: 100, SEQ ID NO: 101, SEQ ID NO: 102, SEQ ID NO: 103, or SEQ ID NO: 104, and

[0197] (k) A 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 97.5%, at least about 98%, at least about 98.5%, at least about 99%, at least about 99.5%, or about 100% sequence identity with the 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 12, SEQ ID NO: 106, SEQ ID NO: 107, SEQ ID NO: 108, or SEQ ID NO: 109.

[0198] In some respects, a variety of bacteria includes each of the following:

[0199] (a) A 16S rDNA sequence having at least 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 11 or SEQ ID NO: 105;

[0200] (b) A 16S rDNA sequence having at least 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 13 or SEQ ID NO: 110;

[0201] (c) A 16S rDNA sequence having at least 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 14, SEQ ID NO: 111, SEQ ID NO: 112, SEQ ID NO: 113, or SEQ ID NO: 114;

[0202] (d) A 16S rDNA sequence having at least 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 15, SEQ ID NO: 115, or SEQ ID NO: 116;

[0203] (e) A 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 97.5%, at least about 98%, at least about 98.5%, at least about 99%, at least about 99.5%, or about 100% sequence identity with the 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 1, SEQ ID NO: 61, SEQ ID NO: 62, SEQ ID NO: 63, SEQ ID NO: 64, or SEQ ID NO: 65.

[0204] (f) A 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 97.5%, at least about 98%, at least about 98.5%, at least about 99%, at least about 99.5%, or about 100% sequence identity with the 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 2, SEQ ID NO: 66, SEQ ID NO: 67, SEQ ID NO: 68, SEQ ID NO: 69, or SEQ ID NO: 70.

[0205] (g) A 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 97.5%, at least about 98%, at least about 98.5%, at least about 99%, at least about 99.5%, or about 100% sequence identity with the 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 3, SEQ ID NO: 71, SEQ ID NO: 72, or SEQ ID NO: 73.

[0206] (h) A 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 97.5%, at least about 98%, at least about 98.5%, at least about 99%, at least about 99.5%, or about 100% sequence identity with the 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 4, SEQ ID NO: 74, SEQ ID NO: 75, SEQ ID NO: 76, SEQ ID NO: 77, or SEQ ID NO: 78.

[0207] (i) A 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 97.5%, at least about 98%, at least about 98.5%, at least about 99%, at least about 99.5%, or about 100% sequence identity with the 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 5, SEQ ID NO: 79, SEQ ID NO: 80, or SEQ ID NO: 81.

[0208] (j) A 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 97.5%, at least about 98%, at least about 98.5%, at least about 99%, at least about 99.5%, or about 100% sequence identity with the 16S rDNA sequences shown in SEQ ID NO: 6, SEQ ID NO: 82, SEQ ID NO: 83, SEQ ID NO: 84, SEQ ID NO: 85, and SEQ ID NO: 86.

[0209] (k) A 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 97.5%, at least about 98%, at least about 98.5%, at least about 99%, at least about 99.5%, or about 100% sequence identity with the 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 7, SEQ ID NO: 87, SEQ ID NO: 88, SEQ ID NO: 89, SEQ ID NO: 90, or SEQ ID NO: 91.

[0210] (1) A 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 97.5%, at least about 98%, at least about 98.5%, at least about 99%, at least about 99.5%, or about 100% sequence identity with the 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 8, SEQ ID NO: 92, SEQ ID NO: 93, SEQ ID NO: 94, SEQ ID NO: 95, or SEQ ID NO: 96.

[0211] (m) A 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 97.5%, at least about 98%, at least about 98.5%, at least about 99%, at least about 99.5%, or about 100% sequence identity with the 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 10, SEQ ID NO: 100, SEQ ID NO: 101, SEQ ID NO: 102, SEQ ID NO: 103, or SEQ ID NO: 104, and

[0212] (n) A 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 97.5%, at least about 98%, at least about 98.5%, at least about 99%, at least about 99.5%, or about 100% sequence identity with the 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 12, SEQ ID NO: 106, SEQ ID NO: 107, SEQ ID NO: 108, or SEQ ID NO: 109.

[0213] In some respects, various bacteria also include: (a) a 16S rDNA sequence having at least 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 16, SEQ ID NO: 117, SEQ ID NO: 118, SEQ ID NO: 119, or SEQ ID NO: 120; or (b) a 16S rDNA sequence having at least 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 17, SEQ ID NO: 121, SEQ ID NO: 122, SEQ ID NO: 123, SEQ ID NO: 124, SEQ ID NO: 28, or SEQ ID NO: 165.

[0214] In some respects, various bacteria also contain 16S rDNA sequences having at least 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequences shown in SEQ ID NO: 16, SEQ ID NO: 117, SEQ ID NO: 118, SEQ ID NO: 119, or SEQ ID NO: 120.Therefore, in some respects, various bacteria contain a first 16S rDNA sequence having at least 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequences shown in SEQ ID NO: 16, SEQ ID NO: 117, SEQ ID NO: 118, SEQ ID NO: 119, or SEQ ID NO: 120, and a first 16S rDNA sequence having at least 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequences shown in SEQ ID NO: 1, SEQ ID NO: 61, SEQ ID NO: 62, SEQ ID NO: 63, SEQ ID NO: 64, SEQ ID NO: 65, SEQ ID NO: 2, SEQ ID NO: 66, SEQ ID NO: 67, SEQ ID NO: 68, SEQ ID NO: 69, SEQ ID NO: 70, SEQ ID NO: 3, SEQ ID NO: 71, SEQ ID NO: 72, SEQ ID NO: 73, SEQ ID NO: 4, SEQ ID NO: 74, SEQ ID NO: 75, SEQ ID NO: 76, SEQ ID NO: 77, SEQ ID NO: 78, SEQ ID NO: 120. ID NO: 5, SEQ ID NO: 79, SEQ ID NO: 80, SEQ ID NO: 81, SEQ ID NO: 6, SEQ ID NO: 82, SEQ ID NO: 83, SEQ ID NO: 84, SEQ ID NO: 85, SEQ ID NO: 86, SEQ ID NO: 7, SEQ ID NO: 87, SEQ ID NO: 88, SEQ ID NO: 89, SEQ ID NO: 90, SEQ ID NO: 91, SEQ ID NO: 8, SEQ ID NO: 92, SEQ ID NO: 93, SEQ ID NO: 94, SEQ ID NO: 95, SEQ ID NO: 96, SEQ ID NO: 10, SEQ ID NO: 100, SEQ ID NO: 101, SEQ ID NO: 102, SEQ ID NO: 103, SEQ ID NO: 104, SEQ ID NO: 12, SEQ ID 16S shown in any one of NO: 106, SEQ ID NO: 107, SEQ ID NO: 108, or SEQ ID NO: 109 A second 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 97.5%, at least about 98%, at least about 98.5%, at least about 99%, at least about 99.5%, or about 100% sequence identity.

[0215] In some respects, a variety of bacteria includes each of the following:

[0216] (1) A 16S rDNA sequence having at least 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 16, SEQ ID NO: 117, SEQ ID NO: 118, SEQ ID NO: 119, or SEQ ID NO: 120;

[0217] (2) A 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 97.5%, at least about 98%, at least about 98.5%, at least about 99%, at least about 99.5%, or about 100% sequence identity with the 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 1, SEQ ID NO: 61, SEQ ID NO: 62, SEQ ID NO: 63, SEQ ID NO: 64, or SEQ ID NO: 65.

[0218] (3) A 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 97.5%, at least about 98%, at least about 98.5%, at least about 99%, at least about 99.5%, or about 100% sequence identity with the 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 2, SEQ ID NO: 66, SEQ ID NO: 67, SEQ ID NO: 68, SEQ ID NO: 69, or SEQ ID NO: 70.

[0219] (4) A 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 97.5%, at least about 98%, at least about 98.5%, at least about 99%, at least about 99.5%, or about 100% sequence identity with the 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 3, SEQ ID NO: 71, SEQ ID NO: 72, or SEQ ID NO: 73.

[0220] (5) A 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 97.5%, at least about 98%, at least about 98.5%, at least about 99%, at least about 99.5%, or about 100% sequence identity with the 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 4, SEQ ID NO: 74, SEQ ID NO: 75, SEQ ID NO: 76, SEQ ID NO: 77, or SEQ ID NO: 78.

[0221] (6) A 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 97.5%, at least about 98%, at least about 98.5%, at least about 99%, at least about 99.5%, or about 100% sequence identity with the 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 5, SEQ ID NO: 79, SEQ ID NO: 80, or SEQ ID NO: 81.

[0222] (7) A 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 97.5%, at least about 98%, at least about 98.5%, at least about 99%, at least about 99.5%, or about 100% sequence identity with the 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 6, SEQ ID NO: 82, SEQ ID NO: 83, SEQ ID NO: 84, SEQ ID NO: 85, or SEQ ID NO: 86.

[0223] (8) A 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 97.5%, at least about 98%, at least about 98.5%, at least about 99%, at least about 99.5%, or about 100% sequence identity with the 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 7, SEQ ID NO: 87, SEQ ID NO: 88, SEQ ID NO: 89, SEQ ID NO: 90, or SEQ ID NO: 91.

[0224] (9) A 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 97.5%, at least about 98%, at least about 98.5%, at least about 99%, at least about 99.5%, or about 100% sequence identity with the 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 8, SEQ ID NO: 92, SEQ ID NO: 93, SEQ ID NO: 94, SEQ ID NO: 95, or SEQ ID NO: 96.

[0225] (10) A 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 97.5%, at least about 98%, at least about 98.5%, at least about 99%, at least about 99.5%, or about 100% sequence identity with the 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 10, SEQ ID NO: 100, SEQ ID NO: 101, SEQ ID NO: 102, SEQ ID NO: 103, or SEQ ID NO: 104, and

[0226] (11) A 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 97.5%, at least about 98%, at least about 98.5%, at least about 99%, at least about 99.5%, or about 100% sequence identity with the 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 12, SEQ ID NO: 106, SEQ ID NO: 107, SEQ ID NO: 108, or SEQ ID NO: 109.

[0227] In some respects, various bacteria contain 16S rDNA sequences that have at least 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequences shown in SEQ ID NO: 17, SEQ ID NO: 121, SEQ ID NO: 122, SEQ ID NO: 123, or SEQ ID NO: 124.Therefore, in some respects, various bacteria contain a first 16S rDNA sequence having at least 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequences shown in SEQ ID NO: 17, SEQ ID NO: 121, SEQ ID NO: 122, SEQ ID NO: 123, or SEQ ID NO: 124 and a sequence with SEQ ID NO: 1, SEQ ID NO: 61, SEQ ID NO: 62, SEQ ID NO: 63, SEQ ID NO: 64, SEQ ID NO: 65, SEQ ID NO: 2, SEQ ID NO: 66, SEQ ID NO: 67, SEQ ID NO: 68, SEQ ID NO: 69, SEQ ID NO: 70, SEQ ID NO: 3, SEQ ID NO: 71, SEQ ID NO: 72, SEQ ID NO: 73, SEQ ID NO: 4, SEQ ID NO: 74, SEQ ID NO: 75, SEQ ID NO: 76, SEQ ID NO: 77, SEQ ID NO: 7 ... NO: 5, SEQ ID NO: 79, SEQ ID NO: 80, SEQ ID NO: 81, SEQ ID NO: 6, SEQ ID NO: 82, SEQ ID NO: 83, SEQ ID NO: 84, SEQ ID NO: 85, SEQ ID NO: 86, SEQ ID NO: 7, SEQ ID NO: 87, SEQ ID NO: 88, SEQ ID NO: 89, SEQ ID NO: 90, SEQ ID NO: 91, SEQ ID NO: 8, SEQ ID NO: 92, SEQ ID NO: 93, SEQ ID NO: 94, SEQ ID NO: 95, SEQ ID NO: 96, SEQ ID NO: 10, SEQ ID NO: 100, SEQ ID NO: 101, SEQ ID NO: 102, SEQ ID NO: 103, SEQ ID NO: 104, SEQ ID NO: 12, SEQ ID 16S shown in any one of NO: 106, SEQ ID NO: 107, SEQ ID NO: 108, or SEQ ID NO: 109 A second 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 97.5%, at least about 98%, at least about 98.5%, at least about 99%, at least about 99.5%, or about 100% sequence identity.

[0228] In some respects, a variety of bacteria includes each of the following:

[0229] (1) A 16S rDNA sequence having at least 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 17, SEQ ID NO: 121, SEQ ID NO: 122, SEQ ID NO: 123, or SEQ ID NO: 124;

[0230] (2) A 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 97.5%, at least about 98%, at least about 98.5%, at least about 99%, at least about 99.5%, or about 100% sequence identity with the 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 1, SEQ ID NO: 61, SEQ ID NO: 62, SEQ ID NO: 63, SEQ ID NO: 64, or SEQ ID NO: 65.

[0231] (3) A 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 97.5%, at least about 98%, at least about 98.5%, at least about 99%, at least about 99.5%, or about 100% sequence identity with the 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 2, SEQ ID NO: 66, SEQ ID NO: 67, SEQ ID NO: 68, SEQ ID NO: 69, or SEQ ID NO: 70.

[0232] (4) A 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 97.5%, at least about 98%, at least about 98.5%, at least about 99%, at least about 99.5%, or about 100% sequence identity with the 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 3, SEQ ID NO: 71, SEQ ID NO: 72, or SEQ ID NO: 73.

[0233] (5) A 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 97.5%, at least about 98%, at least about 98.5%, at least about 99%, at least about 99.5%, or about 100% sequence identity with the 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 4, SEQ ID NO: 74, SEQ ID NO: 75, SEQ ID NO: 76, SEQ ID NO: 77, or SEQ ID NO: 78.

[0234] (6) A 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 97.5%, at least about 98%, at least about 98.5%, at least about 99%, at least about 99.5%, or about 100% sequence identity with the 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 5, SEQ ID NO: 79, SEQ ID NO: 80, or SEQ ID NO: 81.

[0235] (7) A 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 97.5%, at least about 98%, at least about 98.5%, at least about 99%, at least about 99.5%, or about 100% sequence identity with the 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 6, SEQ ID NO: 82, SEQ ID NO: 83, SEQ ID NO: 84, SEQ ID NO: 85, or SEQ ID NO: 86.

[0236] (8) A 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 97.5%, at least about 98%, at least about 98.5%, at least about 99%, at least about 99.5%, or about 100% sequence identity with the 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 7, SEQ ID NO: 87, SEQ ID NO: 88, SEQ ID NO: 89, SEQ ID NO: 90, or SEQ ID NO: 91.

[0237] (9) A 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 97.5%, at least about 98%, at least about 98.5%, at least about 99%, at least about 99.5%, or about 100% sequence identity with the 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 8, SEQ ID NO: 92, SEQ ID NO: 93, SEQ ID NO: 94, SEQ ID NO: 95, or SEQ ID NO: 96.

[0238] (10) A 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 97.5%, at least about 98%, at least about 98.5%, at least about 99%, at least about 99.5%, or about 100% sequence identity with the 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 10, SEQ ID NO: 100, SEQ ID NO: 101, SEQ ID NO: 102, SEQ ID NO: 103, or SEQ ID NO: 104, and

[0239] (11) A 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 97.5%, at least about 98%, at least about 98.5%, at least about 99%, at least about 99.5%, or about 100% sequence identity with the 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 12, SEQ ID NO: 106, SEQ ID NO: 107, SEQ ID NO: 108, or SEQ ID NO: 109.

[0240] In some respects, various bacteria contain 16S rDNA sequences that have at least 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 28.For example, in some aspects, various bacteria contain a first 16S rDNA sequence having at least 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 28 or SEQ ID NO: 165, and a sequence with sequence identity of at least 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% with SEQ ID NO: 1, SEQ ID NO: 61, SEQ ID NO: 62, SEQ ID NO: 63, SEQ ID NO: 64, SEQ ID NO: 65, SEQ ID NO: 2, SEQ ID NO: 66, SEQ ID NO: 67, SEQ ID NO: 68, SEQ ID NO: 69, SEQ ID NO: 70, SEQ ID NO: 3, SEQ ID NO: 71, SEQ ID NO: 72, SEQ ID NO: 73, SEQ ID NO: 4, SEQ ID NO: 74, SEQ ID NO: 75, SEQ ID NO: 76, SEQ ID NO: 77, SEQ ID NO: 78, SEQ ID NO: 5, SEQ ID NO: 79, SEQ ID NO: 80, SEQ ID NO: 81, SEQ ID NO: 65, SEQ ID NO: 76, SEQ ID NO: 77, SEQ ID NO: 78, SEQ ID NO: 5, SEQ ID NO: 79, SEQ ID NO: 80, SEQ ID NO: 81, SEQ ID NO: 7 ... ID NO: 6, SEQ ID NO: 82, SEQ ID NO: 83, SEQ ID NO: 84, SEQ ID NO: 85, SEQ ID NO: 86, SEQ ID NO: 7, SEQ ID NO: 87, SEQ ID NO: 88, SEQ ID NO: 89, SEQ ID NO: 90, or SEQ ID NO: 91, SEQ ID NO: 8, SEQ ID NO: 92, SEQ ID NO: 93, SEQ ID NO: 94, SEQ ID NO: 95, SEQ ID NO: 96, SEQ ID NO: 10, SEQ ID NO: 100, SEQ ID NO: 101, SEQ ID NO: 102, SEQ ID NO: 103, SEQ ID NO: 104, SEQ ID NO: 12, SEQ ID NO: 106, SEQ ID NO: 107, SEQID 16S shown in either NO:108 or SEQ ID NO:109 A second 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 97.5%, at least about 98%, at least about 98.5%, at least about 99%, at least about 99.5%, or about 100% sequence identity.

[0241] In some respects, a variety of bacteria includes each of the following:

[0242] (1) A 16S rDNA sequence having at least 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 28 or SEQ ID NO: 165;

[0243] (2) A 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 97.5%, at least about 98%, at least about 98.5%, at least about 99%, at least about 99.5%, or about 100% sequence identity with the 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 1, SEQ ID NO: 61, SEQ ID NO: 62, SEQ ID NO: 63, SEQ ID NO: 64, or SEQ ID NO: 65.

[0244] (3) A 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 97.5%, at least about 98%, at least about 98.5%, at least about 99%, at least about 99.5%, or about 100% sequence identity with the 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 2, SEQ ID NO: 66, SEQ ID NO: 67, SEQ ID NO: 68, SEQ ID NO: 69, or SEQ ID NO: 70.

[0245] (4) A 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 97.5%, at least about 98%, at least about 98.5%, at least about 99%, at least about 99.5%, or about 100% sequence identity with the 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 3, SEQ ID NO: 71, SEQ ID NO: 72, or SEQ ID NO: 73.

[0246] (5) A 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 97.5%, at least about 98%, at least about 98.5%, at least about 99%, at least about 99.5%, or about 100% sequence identity with the 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 4, SEQ ID NO: 74, SEQ ID NO: 75, SEQ ID NO: 76, SEQ ID NO: 77, or SEQ ID NO: 78.

[0247] (6) A 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 97.5%, at least about 98%, at least about 98.5%, at least about 99%, at least about 99.5%, or about 100% sequence identity with the 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 5, SEQ ID NO: 79, SEQ ID NO: 80, or SEQ ID NO: 81.

[0248] (7) A 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 97.5%, at least about 98%, at least about 98.5%, at least about 99%, at least about 99.5%, or about 100% sequence identity with the 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 6, SEQ ID NO: 82, SEQ ID NO: 83, SEQ ID NO: 84, SEQ ID NO: 85, or SEQ ID NO: 86.

[0249] (8) A 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 97.5%, at least about 98%, at least about 98.5%, at least about 99%, at least about 99.5%, or about 100% sequence identity with the 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 7, SEQ ID NO: 87, SEQ ID NO: 88, SEQ ID NO: 89, SEQ ID NO: 90, or SEQ ID NO: 91.

[0250] (9) A 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 97.5%, at least about 98%, at least about 98.5%, at least about 99%, at least about 99.5%, or about 100% sequence identity with the 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 8, SEQ ID NO: 92, SEQ ID NO: 93, SEQ ID NO: 94, SEQ ID NO: 95, or SEQ ID NO: 96.

[0251] (10) A 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 97.5%, at least about 98%, at least about 98.5%, at least about 99%, at least about 99.5%, or about 100% sequence identity with the 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 10, SEQ ID NO: 100, SEQ ID NO: 101, SEQ ID NO: 102, SEQ ID NO: 103, or SEQ ID NO: 104, and

[0252] (11) A 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 97.5%, at least about 98%, at least about 98.5%, at least about 99%, at least about 99.5%, or about 100% sequence identity with the 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 12, SEQ ID NO: 106, SEQ ID NO: 107, SEQ ID NO: 108, or SEQ ID NO: 109.

[0253] In some respects, a variety of bacteria includes each of the following:

[0254] (1) A 16S rDNA sequence having at least 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 16, SEQ ID NO: 117, SEQ ID NO: 118, SEQ ID NO: 119, or SEQ ID NO: 120;

[0255] (2) A 16S rDNA sequence having at least 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 17, SEQ ID NO: 121, SEQ ID NO: 122, SEQ ID NO: 123, SEQ ID NO: 124, SEQ ID NO: 28, or SEQ ID NO: 165;

[0256] (3) A 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 97.5%, at least about 98%, at least about 98.5%, at least about 99%, at least about 99.5%, or about 100% sequence identity with the 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 1, SEQ ID NO: 61, SEQ ID NO: 62, SEQ ID NO: 63, SEQ ID NO: 64, or SEQ ID NO: 65.

[0257] (4) A 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 97.5%, at least about 98%, at least about 98.5%, at least about 99%, at least about 99.5%, or about 100% sequence identity with the 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 2, SEQ ID NO: 66, SEQ ID NO: 67, SEQ ID NO: 68, SEQ ID NO: 69, or SEQ ID NO: 70.

[0258] (5) A 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 97.5%, at least about 98%, at least about 98.5%, at least about 99%, at least about 99.5%, or about 100% sequence identity with the 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 3, SEQ ID NO: 71, SEQ ID NO: 72, or SEQ ID NO: 73.

[0259] (6) A 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 97.5%, at least about 98%, at least about 98.5%, at least about 99%, at least about 99.5%, or about 100% sequence identity with the 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 4, SEQ ID NO: 74, SEQ ID NO: 75, SEQ ID NO: 76, SEQ ID NO: 77, or SEQ ID NO: 78.

[0260] (7) A 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 97.5%, at least about 98%, at least about 98.5%, at least about 99%, at least about 99.5%, or about 100% sequence identity with the 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 5, SEQ ID NO: 79, SEQ ID NO: 80, or SEQ ID NO: 81.

[0261] (8) A 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 97.5%, at least about 98%, at least about 98.5%, at least about 99%, at least about 99.5%, or about 100% sequence identity with the 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 6, SEQ ID NO: 82, SEQ ID NO: 83, SEQ ID NO: 84, SEQ ID NO: 85, or SEQ ID NO: 86.

[0262] (9) A 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 97.5%, at least about 98%, at least about 98.5%, at least about 99%, at least about 99.5%, or about 100% sequence identity with the 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 7, SEQ ID NO: 87, SEQ ID NO: 88, SEQ ID NO: 89, SEQ ID NO: 90, or SEQ ID NO: 91.

[0263] (10) A 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 97.5%, at least about 98%, at least about 98.5%, at least about 99%, at least about 99.5%, or about 100% sequence identity with the 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 8, SEQ ID NO: 92, SEQ ID NO: 93, SEQ ID NO: 94, SEQ ID NO: 95, or SEQ ID NO: 96.

[0264] (11) A 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 97.5%, at least about 98%, at least about 98.5%, at least about 99%, at least about 99.5%, or about 100% sequence identity with the 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 10, SEQ ID NO: 100, SEQ ID NO: 101, SEQ ID NO: 102, SEQ ID NO: 103, or SEQ ID NO: 104, and

[0265] (12) A 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 97.5%, at least about 98%, at least about 98.5%, at least about 99%, at least about 99.5%, or about 100% sequence identity with the 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 12, SEQ ID NO: 106, SEQ ID NO: 107, SEQ ID NO: 108, or SEQ ID NO: 109.

[0266] In some respects, the various bacteria described herein also include: (a) a 16S rDNA sequence having at least 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 18 or SEQ ID NO: 125; (b) a 16S rDNA sequence having at least 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 19, SEQ ID NO: 126, SEQ ID NO: 127, SEQ ID NO: 128, SEQ ID NO: 129, SEQ ID NO: 130, or SEQ ID NO: 131; or (c) a 16S rDNA sequence having at least 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 20 or SEQ ID NO: 132.

[0267] In some respects, various bacteria comprise a first 16S rDNA sequence having at least 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 18 or SEQ ID NO: 125, and a sequence with sequence identity of at least 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% with SEQ ID NO: 1, SEQ ID NO: 61, SEQ ID NO: 62, SEQ ID NO: 63, SEQ ID NO: 64, SEQ ID NO: 65, SEQ ID NO: 2, SEQ ID NO: 66, SEQ ID NO: 67, SEQ ID NO: 68, SEQ ID NO: 69, SEQ ID NO: 70, SEQ ID NO: 3, SEQ ID NO: 71, SEQ ID NO: 72, SEQ ID NO: 73, SEQ ID NO: 4, SEQ ID NO: 74, SEQ ID NO: 75, SEQ ID NO: 76, SEQ ID NO: 77, SEQ ID NO: 78, SEQ ID NO: 5, SEQ ID NO: 79, SEQ ID NO: 80, SEQ ID NO: 81, SEQ ID NO: 62, SEQ ID NO: 63, SEQ ID NO: 64, SEQ ID NO: 75, SEQ ID NO: 76, SEQ ID NO: 77, SEQ ID NO: 78, SEQ ID NO: 5, SEQ ID NO: 79, SEQ ID NO: 80, SEQ ID NO: 81, SEQ ID NO: 62, SEQ ID NO: 65, SEQ ID NO: 79, SEQ ID NO: 80, SEQ ID NO: 81, SEQ ID NO: 62, SEQ ID NO: 63 NO: 6, SEQ ID NO: 82, SEQ ID NO: 83, SEQ ID NO: 84, SEQ ID NO: 85, SEQ ID NO: 86, SEQ ID NO: 7, SEQ ID NO: 87, SEQ ID NO: 88, SEQ ID NO: 89, SEQ ID NO: 90, SEQ ID NO: 91, SEQ ID NO: 8, SEQ ID NO: 92, SEQ ID NO: 93, SEQ ID NO: 94, SEQ ID NO: 95, SEQ ID NO: 96, SEQ ID NO: 10, SEQ ID NO: 100, SEQ ID NO: 101, SEQ ID NO: 102, SEQ ID NO: 103, SEQ ID NO: 104, SEQ ID NO: 12, SEQ ID NO: 106, SEQ ID NO: 107, SEQ ID NO: 108 or SEQ ID The 16S rDNA sequence shown in any of NO: 109 is a second 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 97.5%, at least about 98%, at least about 98.5%, at least about 99%, at least about 99.5%, or about 100% sequence identity.

[0268] In some respects, a variety of bacteria includes each of the following:

[0269] (1) A 16S rDNA sequence having at least 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 18 or SEQ ID NO: 125;

[0270] (2) A 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 97.5%, at least about 98%, at least about 98.5%, at least about 99%, at least about 99.5%, or about 100% sequence identity with the 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 1, SEQ ID NO: 61, SEQ ID NO: 62, SEQ ID NO: 63, SEQ ID NO: 64, or SEQ ID NO: 65.

[0271] (3) A 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 97.5%, at least about 98%, at least about 98.5%, at least about 99%, at least about 99.5%, or about 100% sequence identity with the 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 2, SEQ ID NO: 66, SEQ ID NO: 67, SEQ ID NO: 68, SEQ ID NO: 69, or SEQ ID NO: 70.

[0272] (4) A 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 97.5%, at least about 98%, at least about 98.5%, at least about 99%, at least about 99.5%, or about 100% sequence identity with the 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 3, SEQ ID NO: 71, SEQ ID NO: 72, or SEQ ID NO: 73.

[0273] (5) A 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 97.5%, at least about 98%, at least about 98.5%, at least about 99%, at least about 99.5%, or about 100% sequence identity with the 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 4, SEQ ID NO: 74, SEQ ID NO: 75, SEQ ID NO: 76, SEQ ID NO: 77, or SEQ ID NO: 78.

[0274] (6) A 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 97.5%, at least about 98%, at least about 98.5%, at least about 99%, at least about 99.5%, or about 100% sequence identity with the 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 5, SEQ ID NO: 79, SEQ ID NO: 80, or SEQ ID NO: 81.

[0275] (7) A 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 97.5%, at least about 98%, at least about 98.5%, at least about 99%, at least about 99.5%, or about 100% sequence identity with the 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 6, SEQ ID NO: 82, SEQ ID NO: 83, SEQ ID NO: 84, SEQ ID NO: 85, or SEQ ID NO: 86.

[0276] (8) A 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 97.5%, at least about 98%, at least about 98.5%, at least about 99%, at least about 99.5%, or about 100% sequence identity with the 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 7, SEQ ID NO: 87, SEQ ID NO: 88, SEQ ID NO: 89, SEQ ID NO: 90, or SEQ ID NO: 91.

[0277] (9) A 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 97.5%, at least about 98%, at least about 98.5%, at least about 99%, at least about 99.5%, or about 100% sequence identity with the 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 8, SEQ ID NO: 92, SEQ ID NO: 93, SEQ ID NO: 94, SEQ ID NO: 95, or SEQ ID NO: 96.

[0278] (10) A 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 97.5%, at least about 98%, at least about 98.5%, at least about 99%, at least about 99.5%, or about 100% sequence identity with the 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 10, SEQ ID NO: 100, SEQ ID NO: 101, SEQ ID NO: 102, SEQ ID NO: 103, or SEQ ID NO: 104, and

[0279] (11) A 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 97.5%, at least about 98%, at least about 98.5%, at least about 99%, at least about 99.5%, or about 100% sequence identity with the 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 12, SEQ ID NO: 106, SEQ ID NO: 107, SEQ ID NO: 108, or SEQ ID NO: 109.

[0280] In some respects, various bacteria comprise a first 16S rDNA sequence having at least 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequences shown in SEQ ID NO: 19, SEQ ID NO: 126, SEQ ID NO: 127, SEQ ID NO: 128, SEQ ID NO: 129, SEQ ID NO: 130, or SEQ ID NO: 131, and a sequence with SEQ ID NO: 1, SEQ ID NO: 61, SEQ ID NO: 62, SEQ ID NO: 63, SEQ ID NO: 64, SEQ ID NO: 65, SEQ ID NO: 2, SEQ ID NO: 66, SEQ ID NO: 67, SEQ ID NO: 68, SEQ ID NO: 69, SEQ ID NO: 70, SEQ ID NO: 3, SEQ ID NO: 71, SEQ ID NO: 72, SEQ ID NO: 73, SEQ ID NO: 4, SEQ ID NO: 74, SEQ ID NO: 75, SEQ ID NO: 76, SEQ ID NO: 77, SEQ ID NO: 78, SEQ ID NO: 7 ...71, SEQ ID NO: 72, SEQ ID NO: 73, SEQ ID NO: 4, SEQ ID NO: 74, SEQ ID NO: 75, SEQ ID NO: NO: 77, SEQ ID NO: 78, SEQ ID NO: 5, SEQ ID NO: 79, SEQ ID NO: 80, SEQ ID NO: 81, SEQ ID NO: 6, SEQ ID NO: 82, SEQ ID NO: 83, SEQ ID NO: 84, SEQ ID NO: 85, SEQ ID NO: 86, SEQ ID NO: 7, SEQ ID NO: 87, SEQ ID NO: 88, SEQ ID NO: 89, SEQ ID NO: 90, SEQ ID NO: 91, SEQ ID NO: 8, SEQ ID NO: 92, SEQ ID NO: 93, SEQ ID NO: 94, SEQ ID NO: 95, SEQ ID NO: 96, SEQ ID NO: 10, SEQ ID NO: 100, SEQ ID NO: 101, SEQ ID NO: 102, SEQ ID NO: 103, SEQ ID NO: 104, SEQ ID NO: 12, SEQ ID NO: 106, SEQ ID NO: 107, SEQ ID NO: 108 or SEQ ID The 16S rDNA sequence shown in any of NO: 109 is a second 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 97.5%, at least about 98%, at least about 98.5%, at least about 99%, at least about 99.5%, or about 100% sequence identity.

[0281] In some respects, a variety of bacteria includes each of the following:

[0282] (1) A 16S rDNA sequence having at least 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 19, SEQ ID NO: 126, SEQ ID NO: 127, SEQ ID NO: 128, SEQ ID NO: 129, SEQ ID NO: 130, or SEQ ID NO: 131;

[0283] (2) A 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 97.5%, at least about 98%, at least about 98.5%, at least about 99%, at least about 99.5%, or about 100% sequence identity with the 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 1, SEQ ID NO: 61, SEQ ID NO: 62, SEQ ID NO: 63, SEQ ID NO: 64, or SEQ ID NO: 65.

[0284] (3) A 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 97.5%, at least about 98%, at least about 98.5%, at least about 99%, at least about 99.5%, or about 100% sequence identity with the 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 2, SEQ ID NO: 66, SEQ ID NO: 67, SEQ ID NO: 68, SEQ ID NO: 69, or SEQ ID NO: 70.

[0285] (4) A 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 97.5%, at least about 98%, at least about 98.5%, at least about 99%, at least about 99.5%, or about 100% sequence identity with the 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 3, SEQ ID NO: 71, SEQ ID NO: 72, or SEQ ID NO: 73.

[0286] (5) A 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 97.5%, at least about 98%, at least about 98.5%, at least about 99%, at least about 99.5%, or about 100% sequence identity with the 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 4, SEQ ID NO: 74, SEQ ID NO: 75, SEQ ID NO: 76, SEQ ID NO: 77, or SEQ ID NO: 78.

[0287] (6) A 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 97.5%, at least about 98%, at least about 98.5%, at least about 99%, at least about 99.5%, or about 100% sequence identity with the 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 5, SEQ ID NO: 79, SEQ ID NO: 80, or SEQ ID NO: 81.

[0288] (7) A 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 97.5%, at least about 98%, at least about 98.5%, at least about 99%, at least about 99.5%, or about 100% sequence identity with the 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 6, SEQ ID NO: 82, SEQ ID NO: 83, SEQ ID NO: 84, SEQ ID NO: 85, or SEQ ID NO: 86.

[0289] (8) A 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 97.5%, at least about 98%, at least about 98.5%, at least about 99%, at least about 99.5%, or about 100% sequence identity with the 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 7, SEQ ID NO: 87, SEQ ID NO: 88, SEQ ID NO: 89, SEQ ID NO: 90, or SEQ ID NO: 91.

[0290] (9) A 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 97.5%, at least about 98%, at least about 98.5%, at least about 99%, at least about 99.5%, or about 100% sequence identity with the 16S rDNA sequences shown in SEQ ID NO: 8, SEQ ID NO: 92, SEQ ID NO: 93, SEQ ID NO: 94, SEQ ID NO: 95, and SEQ ID NO: 96.

[0291] (10) A 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 97.5%, at least about 98%, at least about 98.5%, at least about 99%, at least about 99.5%, or about 100% sequence identity with the 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 10, SEQ ID NO: 100, SEQ ID NO: 101, SEQ ID NO: 102, SEQ ID NO: 103, or SEQ ID NO: 104, and

[0292] (11) A 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 97.5%, at least about 98%, at least about 98.5%, at least about 99%, at least about 99.5%, or about 100% sequence identity with the 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 12, SEQ ID NO: 106, SEQ ID NO: 107, SEQ ID NO: 108, or SEQ ID NO: 109.

[0293] In some respects, various bacteria comprise a first 16S rDNA sequence having at least 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 20 or SEQ ID NO: 132, and a sequence with sequence identity of at least 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% with SEQ ID NO: 1, SEQ ID NO: 61, SEQ ID NO: 62, SEQ ID NO: 63, SEQ ID NO: 64, SEQ ID NO: 65, SEQ ID NO: 2, SEQ ID NO: 66, SEQ ID NO: 67, SEQ ID NO: 68, SEQ ID NO: 69, SEQ ID NO: 70, SEQ ID NO: 3, SEQ ID NO: 71, SEQ ID NO: 72, SEQ ID NO: 73, SEQ ID NO: 4, SEQ ID NO: 74, SEQ ID NO: 75, SEQ ID NO: 76, SEQ ID NO: 77, SEQ ID NO: 78, SEQ ID NO: 5, SEQ ID NO: 79, SEQ ID NO: 80, SEQ ID NO: 81, SEQ ID NO: 62, SEQ ID NO: 63 ...64, SEQ ID NO: 75, SEQ ID NO: 76, SEQ ID NO: 77, SEQ ID NO: 78 NO: 6, SEQ ID NO: 82, SEQ ID NO: 83, SEQ ID NO: 84, SEQ ID NO: 85, SEQ ID NO: 86, SEQ ID NO: 7, SEQ ID NO: 87, SEQ ID NO: 88, SEQ ID NO: 89, SEQ ID NO: 90, SEQ ID NO: 91, SEQ ID NO: 8, SEQ ID NO: 92, SEQ ID NO: 93, SEQ ID NO: 94, SEQ ID NO: 95, SEQ ID NO: 96, SEQ ID NO: 10, SEQ ID NO: 100, SEQ ID NO: 101, SEQ ID NO: 102, SEQ ID NO: 103, SEQ ID NO: 104, SEQ ID NO: 12, SEQ ID NO: 106, SEQ ID NO: 107, SEQ ID NO: 108 or SEQ ID The 16S rDNA sequence shown in any of NO: 109 is a second 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 97.5%, at least about 98%, at least about 98.5%, at least about 99%, at least about 99.5%, or about 100% sequence identity.

[0294] In some respects, a variety of bacteria includes each of the following:

[0295] (1) A 16S rDNA sequence having at least 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 20 or SEQ ID NO: 132;

[0296] (2) A 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 97.5%, at least about 98%, at least about 98.5%, at least about 99%, at least about 99.5%, or about 100% sequence identity with the 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 1, SEQ ID NO: 61, SEQ ID NO: 62, SEQ ID NO: 63, SEQ ID NO: 64, or SEQ ID NO: 65.

[0297] (3) A 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 97.5%, at least about 98%, at least about 98.5%, at least about 99%, at least about 99.5%, or about 100% sequence identity with the 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 2, SEQ ID NO: 66, SEQ ID NO: 67, SEQ ID NO: 68, SEQ ID NO: 69, or SEQ ID NO: 70.

[0298] (4) A 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 97.5%, at least about 98%, at least about 98.5%, at least about 99%, at least about 99.5%, or about 100% sequence identity with the 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 3, SEQ ID NO: 71, SEQ ID NO: 72, or SEQ ID NO: 73.

[0299] (5) A 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 97.5%, at least about 98%, at least about 98.5%, at least about 99%, at least about 99.5%, or about 100% sequence identity with the 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 4, SEQ ID NO: 74, SEQ ID NO: 75, SEQ ID NO: 76, SEQ ID NO: 77, or SEQ ID NO: 78.

[0300] (6) A 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 97.5%, at least about 98%, at least about 98.5%, at least about 99%, at least about 99.5%, or about 100% sequence identity with the 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 5, SEQ ID NO: 79, SEQ ID NO: 80, or SEQ ID NO: 81.

[0301] (7) A 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 97.5%, at least about 98%, at least about 98.5%, at least about 99%, at least about 99.5%, or about 100% sequence identity with the 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 6, SEQ ID NO: 82, SEQ ID NO: 83, SEQ ID NO: 84, SEQ ID NO: 85, or SEQ ID NO: 86.

[0302] (8) A 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 97.5%, at least about 98%, at least about 98.5%, at least about 99%, at least about 99.5%, or about 100% sequence identity with the 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 7, SEQ ID NO: 87, SEQ ID NO: 88, SEQ ID NO: 89, SEQ ID NO: 90, or SEQ ID NO: 91.

[0303] (9) A 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 97.5%, at least about 98%, at least about 98.5%, at least about 99%, at least about 99.5%, or about 100% sequence identity with the 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 8, SEQ ID NO: 92, SEQ ID NO: 93, SEQ ID NO: 94, SEQ ID NO: 95, or SEQ ID NO: 96.

[0304] (10) A 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 97.5%, at least about 98%, at least about 98.5%, at least about 99%, at least about 99.5%, or about 100% sequence identity with the 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 10, SEQ ID NO: 100, SEQ ID NO: 101, SEQ ID NO: 102, SEQ ID NO: 103, or SEQ ID NO: 104, and

[0305] (11) A 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 97.5%, at least about 98%, at least about 98.5%, at least about 99%, at least about 99.5%, or about 100% sequence identity with the 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 12, SEQ ID NO: 106, SEQ ID NO: 107, SEQ ID NO: 108, or SEQ ID NO: 109.

[0306] In some respects, a variety of bacteria includes each of the following:

[0307] (1) A 16S rDNA sequence having at least 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 18 or SEQ ID NO: 125;

[0308] (2) A 16S rDNA sequence having at least 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 19, SEQ ID NO: 126, SEQ ID NO: 127, SEQ ID NO: 128, SEQ ID NO: 129, SEQ ID NO: 130, or SEQ ID NO: 131;

[0309] (3) A 16S rDNA sequence having at least 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 20 or SEQ ID NO: 132;

[0310] (4) A 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 97.5%, at least about 98%, at least about 98.5%, at least about 99%, at least about 99.5%, or about 100% sequence identity with the 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 1, SEQ ID NO: 61, SEQ ID NO: 62, SEQ ID NO: 63, SEQ ID NO: 64, or SEQ ID NO: 65.

[0311] (5) A 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 97.5%, at least about 98%, at least about 98.5%, at least about 99%, at least about 99.5%, or about 100% sequence identity with the 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 2, SEQ ID NO: 66, SEQ ID NO: 67, SEQ ID NO: 68, SEQ ID NO: 69, or SEQ ID NO: 70.

[0312] (6) A 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 97.5%, at least about 98%, at least about 98.5%, at least about 99%, at least about 99.5%, or about 100% sequence identity with the 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 3, SEQ ID NO: 71, SEQ ID NO: 72, or SEQ ID NO: 73.

[0313] (7) A 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 97.5%, at least about 98%, at least about 98.5%, at least about 99%, at least about 99.5%, or about 100% sequence identity with the 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 4, SEQ ID NO: 74, SEQ ID NO: 75, SEQ ID NO: 76, SEQ ID NO: 77, or SEQ ID NO: 78.

[0314] (8) A 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 97.5%, at least about 98%, at least about 98.5%, at least about 99%, at least about 99.5%, or about 100% sequence identity with the 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 5, SEQ ID NO: 79, SEQ ID NO: 80, or SEQ ID NO: 81.

[0315] (9) A 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 97.5%, at least about 98%, at least about 98.5%, at least about 99%, at least about 99.5%, or about 100% sequence identity with the 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 6, SEQ ID NO: 82, SEQ ID NO: 83, SEQ ID NO: 84, SEQ ID NO: 85, or SEQ ID NO: 86.

[0316] (10) A 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 97.5%, at least about 98%, at least about 98.5%, at least about 99%, at least about 99.5%, or about 100% sequence identity with the 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 7, SEQ ID NO: 87, SEQ ID NO: 88, SEQ ID NO: 89, SEQ ID NO: 90, or SEQ ID NO: 91.

[0317] (11) A 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 97.5%, at least about 98%, at least about 98.5%, at least about 99%, at least about 99.5%, or about 100% sequence identity with the 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 8, SEQ ID NO: 92, SEQ ID NO: 93, SEQ ID NO: 94, SEQ ID NO: 95, or SEQ ID NO: 96.

[0318] (12) A 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 97.5%, at least about 98%, at least about 98.5%, at least about 99%, at least about 99.5%, or about 100% sequence identity with the 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 10, SEQ ID NO: 100, SEQ ID NO: 101, SEQ ID NO: 102, SEQ ID NO: 103, or SEQ ID NO: 104, and

[0319] (13) A 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 97.5%, at least about 98%, at least about 98.5%, at least about 99%, at least about 99.5%, or about 100% sequence identity with the 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 12, SEQ ID NO: 106, SEQ ID NO: 107, SEQ ID NO: 108, or SEQ ID NO: 109.

[0320] In some respects, various bacteria include: (a) a 16S rDNA sequence having at least 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 21 or SEQ ID NO: 133; (b) a 16S rDNA sequence having at least 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 22 o...

Claims

1. A method for treating chronic liver disease in a subject in need, the method comprising administering to the subject a composition comprising multiple bacteria, wherein the multiple bacteria comprise a first bacterial species and a second bacterial species, wherein the first species and the second species are not identical, and wherein the first species and the second species are independently selected from the following: *Bretschneidera sinensis*, *Bretschneidera hominis*, *Bretschneidera ovalis*, *Bretschneidera westermani*, *Butylococcus spp. sp2*, *Clostridium auderii*, *Clostridium difficile*, *Clostridium perfringens*, *Clostridium scintillans*, *Clostridium symbioticum*, *Dorrelia longiformis*, *Eisenberger tympani*, *Timonis emergencytia*, *Clostridium erythropoiesis*, *Eubacterium calciferum*, *Faecalicatena cortorta*, *Faecalicatena orotica*, *Flavobacterium previae*, *Hungatella effluvii*, *Enteromonas butyrate-producing*, *Enteromonas masei*, *Lactobacillus longiformis*, *Lawsonia spp. sp7*, *Massilimaliae*. timonensis, Murimonasintestini, Niameybacter sp1, Ruminococciaceae NG13 sp6, or Turicibacter sanguinis.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein treating chronic liver disease comprises (i) reducing the incidence of infection or preventing infection in the subject, (ii) alleviating or preventing symptoms of the chronic liver disease in the subject, or (iii) both of (i) and (ii).

3. The method of claim 1 or 2, wherein the chronic liver disease is caused by and / or associated with toxins (e.g., long-term alcohol and / or drug abuse), infection, metabolic disorder, autoimmune disease, genetic abnormality, or a combination thereof.

4. The method of claim 1 or 2, wherein the chronic liver disease is idiopathic.

5. The method of any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the chronic liver disease includes cirrhosis, liver fibrosis, alcoholic liver disease, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), hepatitis (including viral hepatitis and alcoholic hepatitis), primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC), primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), α-1 antitrypsin deficiency, hereditary hemochromatosis, Wilson's disease, autoimmune hepatitis (AIH), Budd-Gialy syndrome, and combinations thereof.

6. The method of any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the chronic liver disease includes ascites, vomiting, gallstones, pruritus, jaundice, renal failure, muscle loss, loss of appetite, bruising, spider veins in the skin, fatigue, weight loss, confusion, leg (e.g., ankle) swelling, portal hypertension, hepatic encephalopathy, and combinations thereof.

7. A method for treating neutropenia in a subject in need, the method comprising administering to the subject a composition comprising multiple bacteria, wherein the multiple bacteria comprise a first bacterial species and a second bacterial species, wherein the first species and the second species are not identical, and wherein the first species and the second species are independently selected from the following: *Bretschneidera sinensis*, *Bretschneidera hominis*, *Bretschneidera ovalis*, *Bretschneidera westermani*, *Butycoccus spp. sp2*, *Clostridium difficile*, *Clostridium difficile*, *Clostridium scintillans*, *Clostridium symbioticum*, *Dorrelia longiformis*, *Eisenberger tympani*, *Timonis emergencytia*, *Clostridium erythropoiesis*, *Eubacterium calciferum*, *Faecalicatena cortorta*, *Faecalicatena orotica*, *Flavobacterium previae*, *Hungatella effluvii*, *Enteromonas butyrate-producing*, *Enteromonas masei*, *Lactobacillus longiformis*, *L. spp. sp7*, *Massilimaliae*. timonensis, Murimonasintestini, Niameybacter sp1, Ruminococciaceae NG13 sp6, or Turicibacter sanguinis.

8. The method of claim 7, wherein treating neutropenia comprises (i) reducing the incidence of infection in the subject or preventing the infection, (ii) alleviating or preventing the symptoms of neutropenia in the subject, or (iii) both of (i) and (ii).

9. The method of claim 7 or 8, wherein the neutropenia includes cancer neutropenia.

10. A method of treating a subject in need of a disease or condition related to solid organ transplantation, the method comprising administering to the subject a composition comprising multiple bacteria, wherein the multiple bacteria comprise a first bacterial species and a second bacterial species, wherein the first species and the second species are not identical, and wherein the first species and the second species are independently selected from the following: *Bretschneidera sinensis*, *Bretschneidera hominis*, *Bretschneidera ovalis*, *Bretschneidera westermani*, *Butycoccus spp. sp2*, *Clostridium difficile*, *Clostridium difficile*, *Clostridium scintillans*, *Clostridium symbioticum*, *Dorrelia longiformis*, *Eisenberger tympani*, *Timonis emergencytia*, *Clostridium erythropoiesis*, *Eubacterium calciferum*, *Faecalicatena cortorta*, *Faecalicatena orotica*, *Flavobacterium previae*, *Hungatella effluvii*, *Enteromonas butyrate-producing*, *Enteromonas masei*, *Lactobacillus longiformis*, *Lawsonia spp. sp7*, *Massilimaliae*. timonensis, Murimonas intestini, Niameybacter sp1, Ruminococciaceae NG13sp6, or Turicibacter sanguinis.

11. The method of claim 10, wherein treating a disease or condition related to solid organ transplantation comprises (i) reducing the incidence of infection in the subject or preventing the infection, (ii) alleviating or preventing symptoms of the disease or condition related to solid organ transplantation in the subject, or (iii) both of (i) and (ii).

12. The method of claim 10 or 11, wherein the solid organ transplantation includes liver transplantation.

13. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein the first species and / or the second species are selected from harmless Clostridium, Clostridium difficile, Flavobacterium previae, Brukerella pseudobulbarbita, anaerobic cocci, Murimonas intestini, Clostridium erysipelas, Faecalicatena orotica, Clostridium auderii, or Eisenberger thyrizinskii.

14. The method of any one of claims 1 to 13, wherein the plurality of bacteria comprises each of the following: harmless Clostridium, Clostridium difficile, Flavobacterium previae, Brukerella pseudococcus, anaerobic cocci, Murimonas intestini, Clostridium erysipelas, Faecalicatena orotica, Clostridium auderii, and Eisenbergella tyli.

15. The method of claim 13 or 14, wherein the plurality of bacteria further comprises Timones Emergency Bacteria.

16. The method of any one of claims 13 to 15, wherein the plurality of bacteria further comprises butyrate-producing Enterococcus.

17. The method of any one of claims 13 to 16, wherein the plurality of bacteria further comprises symbiotic Clostridium.

18. The method of any one of claims 13 to 17, wherein the plurality of bacteria further comprises Clostridium scintillans.

19. The method of any one of claims 13 to 18, wherein the plurality of bacteria further comprises Faecalicatenacortorta.

20. The method of any one of claims 13 to 19, wherein the plurality of bacteria further comprises elongated ovoid lactone-producing bacteria.

21. The method of any one of claims 13 to 20, wherein the plurality of bacteria further comprises Massilimaliaetimonensis.

22. The method of any one of claims 13 to 21, wherein the plurality of bacteria further comprises Hungatella effluvii.

23. The method of any one of claims 13 to 22, wherein the plurality of bacteria further comprises Butycoccus sp2.

24. The method of any one of claims 13 to 23, wherein the plurality of bacteria further comprises Enterococcus masei.

25. The method of any one of claims 13 to 24, wherein the plurality of bacteria further comprises Niameybactersp1.

26. The method of any one of claims 13 to 25, wherein the plurality of bacteria further comprises *Turicibacters anguinis*.

27. The method of any one of claims 13 to 26, wherein the plurality of bacteria further comprises Ruminococcus family NG13 sp6.

28. The method of any one of claims 13 to 27, wherein the plurality of bacteria further comprises long-chain doretria.

29. The method of any one of claims 13 to 28, wherein the plurality of bacteria further comprises Brontë ovalis.

30. The method of any one of claims 13 to 29, wherein the plurality of bacteria further comprises Lawsonia spp. sp7.

31. The method of any one of claims 13 to 30, wherein the plurality of bacteria further comprises *Brutella humanis*.

32. The method of any one of claims 13 to 31, wherein the plurality of bacteria further comprises *Brutella westermani*.

33. The method of any one of claims 13 to 32, wherein the plurality of bacteria further comprises Eubacterium karyotes.

34. The method of any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein the plurality of bacteria comprises, is substantially composed of, or is composed of the following bacterial species: (a)(1) harmless Clostridium, (2) Clostridium difficile, (3) Flavobacterium previae, (4) Brutus spp., (5) Anaerobic cocci, (6) Murimonas intestini, (7) Clostridium erysipelas, (8) Faecalicatena orotica, (9) Timones emergency bacterium, (10) Clostridium auderii, (11) Butyrate-producing Enterococcus, (12) Eisenberger thyrifolium, (13) symbiotic Clostridium and (14) Clostridium scintillans; (b)(1) harmless Clostridium, (2) Clostridium difficile, (3) Flavobacterium previae, (4) Brutonella sphaeroides, (5) anaerobic cocci, (6) Murimonas intestini, (7) Clostridium erysipelas, (8) Faecalicatena orotica, (9) Clostridium auderii, (10) butyrate-producing Enterococcus, (11) Eisenbergella tylis, (12) symbiotic Clostridium, (13) Clostridium scintillans and (14) Timones emergency bacterium; (c)(1) harmless Clostridium, (2) Clostridium difficile, (3) Flavobacterium previae, (4) Brutonella sphaeroides, (5) anaerobic cocci, (6) Murimonas intestini, (7) Clostridium erysipelas, (8) Faecalicatena orotica, (9) Clostridium orotica, (10) butyrate-producing Enterococcus, (11) Eisenbergella tylis, (12) symbiotic Clostridium, (13) Clostridium scintillans, (14) Timones emergency bacterium, (15) Faecalicatena cortorta, (16) long oval lactone-producing bacteria and (17) Ruminococcus family NG13 sp6; (d)(1) harmless Clostridium, (2) Clostridium difficile, (3) Flavobacterium previae, (4) Brutonella spp., (5) Anaerobic cocci, (6) Murimonas intestini, (7) Clostridium erysipelas, (8) Faecalicatena orotica, (9) Clostridium orotica, (10) Butyrate-producing Enterococcus, (11) Eisenbergella tiezoectasis, (12) symbiotic Clostridium, (13) Clostridium scintillans, (14) Timones emergency bacterium, (15) Faecalicatena cortorta, (16) Elastobacterium longum, (17) Massilimaliae timonensis, (18) Hungatella effluvii and (19) Butyrate-producing cocci sp2; (e)(1) harmless Clostridium, (2) Clostridium difficile, (3) Flavobacterium previae, (4) Brutonella sphaeroides, (5) Anaerobic cocci, (6) Murimonas intestini, (7) Clostridium erysipelas, (8) Faecalicatena orotica, (9) Clostridium auderii, (10) Butyrate-producing Enterococcus, (11) Eisenbergella tylis, (12) symbiotic Clostridium, (13) Clostridium scintillans, (14) Timones emergency bacterium, (15) Faecalicatena cortorta, (16) Elastobacterium ovoidis, (17) Massilimaliae timonensis, (18) Hungatella effluvii, (19) Butyrate-producing Cocci sp2, (20) Enterococcus masei, (21) Niameybacter sp1 and (22) Turicibacter sanguinis; (f)(1) harmless Clostridium, (2) Clostridium difficile, (3) Flavobacterium previae, (4) Blotchella fasciatus, (5) Anaerobic cocci, (6) Murimonas intestini, (7) Clostridium erysipelas, (8) Faecalicatena orotica, (9) Timones emergency bacterium, (10) Clostridium auderii, (11) Eisenberger thyrifolium, (12) Dorebrospina longis and (13) Blotchella ovalis; (g)(1) harmless Clostridium, (2) Clostridium difficile, (3) Flavobacterium prevalence, (4) Brautella sphaeroides, (5) anaerobic cocci, (6) Murimonas intestini, (7) Clostridium erysipelas, (8) Faecalicatena orotica, (9) Clostridium auderii, (10) butyrate-producing Enterococcus, (11) Eisenbergella tylis, (12) symbiotic Clostridium, (13) Clostridium scintillans, (14) Timones emergency bacterium, (15) Brautella ovalis and (16) Lawsonia spp. sp7; (h)(1) harmless Clostridium, (2) Clostridium difficile, (3) Flavobacterium previae, (4) Brautella sphaeroides, (5) anaerobic cocci, (6) Murimonas intestini, (7) Clostridium erysipelas, (8) Faecalicatena orotica, (9) Clostridium orotica, (10) butyrate-producing Enterococcus, (11) Eisenbergella tylis, (12) symbiotic Clostridium, (13) Clostridium scintillans, (14) Timones emergency bacterium, (15) Faecalicatena cortorta, (16) long oval lactone-producing bacteria, (17) Ruminococcus family NG13 sp6, (18) Brautella ovalis and (19) Lawsonella spp. sp7; (i)(1) harmless Clostridium, (2) Clostridium difficile, (3) Flavobacterium prevalence, (4) Brutus spp., (5) Anaerobic cocci, (6) Murimonas intestini, (7) Clostridium erysipelas, (8) Faecalicatena orotica, (9) Clostridium auderii, (10) Butyrate-producing Enterococcus, (11) Eisenberger thyrifolium, (12) symbiotic Clostridium and (13) Timones emergency bacterium; (j)(1) harmless Clostridium, (2) Clostridium difficile, (3) Flavobacterium previae, (4) Brutonella sphaeroides, (5) anaerobic cocci, (6) Murimonas intestini, (7) Clostridium erysipelas, (8) Faecalicatena orotica, (9) Clostridium auderii, (10) butyrate-producing Enterococcus, (11) Eisenbergella tyli, (12) symbiotic Clostridium, (13) Clostridium scintillans, (14) Timones emergency bacterium, (15) Faecalicatena cortorta, (16) long oval lactone-producing bacterium, (17) Enterococcus masei, (18) Niameybacter sp1 and (19) Turicibacter sanguinis; or (k)(1) harmless Clostridium, (2) Clostridium difficile, (3) Flavobacterium previae, (4) human Brutella, (5) anaerobic cocci, (6) Murimonas intestini, (7) Clostridium erysipelas, (8) Faecalicatena orotica, (9) Timones emergency bacterium, (10) Clostridium auderii, (11) Eisenberger tylis, (12) Clostridium scintillans, (13) Dorebrospinal long-chain bacterium, (14) Broutella ovalis, (15) Broutella westermani and (16) Eubacterium karyotes.

35. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 34, wherein: (a) The anaerobic cocci of the colon contain a 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:5, SEQ ID NO:79, SEQ ID NO:80, or SEQ ID NO:81; (b) The *Brutella pseudobulbarbiturus* species comprises a 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:4, SEQ ID NO:74, SEQ ID NO:75, SEQ ID NO:76, SEQ ID NO:77, or SEQ ID NO:78; (c) The human Brutella contains a 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:29, SEQ ID NO:32, SEQ ID NO:33, SEQ ID NO:34, SEQ ID NO:35, SEQ ID NO:36, or SEQ ID NO:37; (d) The *Brutella ovalis* contains a 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:26; (e) The *Brutella westermani* comprises a 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:30, SEQ ID NO:38, SEQ ID NO:39, SEQ ID NO:40, SEQ ID NO:41, SEQ ID NO:42, SEQ ID NO:43, SEQ ID NO:44, SEQ ID NO:166, SEQ ID NO:167, SEQ ID NO:168, SEQ ID NO:169, SEQ ID NO:170, SEQ ID NO:171, or SEQ ID NO:172; (f) The Butycoccus sp2 contains a 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:20 or SEQ ID NO:132; (g) The Clostridium auderii comprises a 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:10, SEQ ID NO:100, SEQ ID NO:101, SEQ ID NO:102, SEQ ID NO:103, or SEQ ID NO:104; (h) The Clostridium difficile comprises a 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:2, SEQ ID NO:66, SEQ ID NO:67, SEQ ID NO:68, SEQ ID NO:69, or SEQ ID NO:70; (i) The harmless Clostridium comprises a 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequences shown in SEQ ID NO:1, SEQ ID NO:61, SEQ ID NO:62, SEQ ID NO:63, SEQ ID NO:64, and SEQ ID NO:65; (j) The Clostridium scintillans contains a 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:14, SEQ ID NO:111, SEQ ID NO:112, SEQ ID NO:113, or SEQ ID NO:

114. (k) The symbiotic Clostridium contains a 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:13 or SEQ ID NO:110; (l) The long chain Doraemonella contains a 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:25, SEQ ID NO:50, SEQ ID NO:51, SEQ ID NO:52, SEQ ID NO:53, SEQ ID NO:54, SEQ ID NO:55, SEQ ID NO:56, SEQ ID NO:57, SEQ ID NO:58, SEQ ID NO:59, SEQ ID NO:60, SEQ ID NO:152, SEQ ID NO:153, SEQ ID NO:154, SEQ ID NO:155, SEQ ID NO:156, or SEQ ID NO:157; (m) The *Eisenberger tympani* contains a 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:12, SEQ ID NO:106, SEQ ID NO:107, SEQ ID NO:108, or SEQ ID NO:109; (n) The Timonis Emergency Bacteria comprises a 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:9, SEQ ID NO:97, SEQ ID NO:98, SEQ ID NO:99, SEQ ID NO:15, SEQ ID NO:115, or SEQ ID NO:116; (o) The branched filamentous Clostridium erythropoiesis comprises a 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:7, SEQ ID NO:87, SEQ ID NO:88, SEQ ID NO:89, SEQ ID NO:90, or SEQ ID NO:91; (p) The *E. karyotes* comprises a 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:31, SEQ ID NO:45, SEQ ID NO:46, SEQ ID NO:47, SEQ ID NO:48, SEQ ID NO:49, SEQ ID NO:173, SEQ ID NO:174, SEQ ID NO:175, SEQ ID NO:176, or SEQ ID NO:177; (q) The Faecalicatena cortorta comprises a 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:16; (r) The Faecalicatena orotica comprises a 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequences shown in SEQ ID NO:8, SEQ ID NO:92, SEQ ID NO:93, SEQ ID NO:94, SEQ ID NO:95, or SEQ ID NO:96; (s) The Flavobacterium prevalence comprises a 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:3; (t) The Hungatella effluvia comprises a 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:19, SEQ ID NO:126, SEQ ID NO:127, SEQ ID NO:128, SEQ ID NO:129, SEQ ID NO:130, or SEQ ID NO:131; (u) The butyrate-producing Enterococcus contains a 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:11 or SEQ ID NO:105; (v) The Enteromonas masei contains a 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:21; (w) The *Leptochrysis longiflora* comprises a 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:17, SEQ ID NO:121, SEQ ID NO:122, SEQ ID NO:123, SEQ ID NO:124, SEQ ID NO:28, or SEQ ID NO:165; (x) The Lawsonia spp. sp7 contains a 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:27 or SEQ ID NO:164; (y) The Massilimaliae timonensis comprises a 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:18 or SEQ ID NO:125; (z) The Murimonas intestini comprises a 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:6, SEQ ID NO:82, SEQ ID NO:83, SEQ ID NO:84, SEQ ID NO:85, or SEQ ID NO:86; (aa) The Niameybacter sp1 comprises a 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:22 or SEQ ID NO:134; (bb) The Ruminococcus family NG13 sp6 comprises a 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequences shown in SEQ ID NO:24, SEQ ID NO:149, SEQ ID NO:150, or SEQ ID NO:151; or (cc) The Turicibacter sanguinis comprises a 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:23, SEQ ID NO:135, SEQ ID NO:136, SEQ ID NO:137, SEQ ID NO:138, SEQ ID NO:139, SEQ ID NO:140, SEQ ID NO:141, SEQ ID NO:142, SEQ ID NO:143, SEQ ID NO:144, SEQ ID NO:145, SEQ ID NO:146, SEQ ID NO:147, or SEQ ID NO:

148.

36. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 35, wherein: (a) The anaerobic cocci of the colon contain the 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:5, SEQ ID NO:79, SEQ ID NO:80 or SEQ ID NO:81; (b) The *Brutella pseudobulbarbiturus* species contains the 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:4, SEQ ID NO:74, SEQ ID NO:75, SEQ ID NO:76, SEQ ID NO:77 or SEQ ID NO:78; (c) The human Brontë bacteria contains the 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:29, SEQ ID NO:32, SEQ ID NO:33, SEQ ID NO:34, SEQ ID NO:35, SEQ ID NO:36 or SEQ ID NO:37; (d) The *Brutella ovalis* contains the 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:26, SEQ ID NO:158, SEQ ID NO:159, SEQ ID NO:160, SEQ ID NO:161, SEQ ID NO:162 or SEQ ID NO:163; (e) The *Brutella westermani* comprises the 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:30, SEQ ID NO:38, SEQ ID NO:39, SEQ ID NO:40, SEQ ID NO:41, SEQ ID NO:42, SEQ ID NO:43, SEQ ID NO:44, SEQ ID NO:166, SEQ ID NO:167, SEQ ID NO:168, SEQ ID NO:169, SEQ ID NO:170, SEQ ID NO:171 or SEQ ID NO:172; (f) The Butycoccus sp2 contains the 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:20 or SEQ ID NO:132; (g) The Clostridium auderii contains the 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:10, SEQ ID NO:100, SEQ ID NO:101, SEQ ID NO:102, SEQ ID NO:103 or SEQ ID NO:104; (h) The Clostridium difficile contains the 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:22 or SEQ ID NO:134; (i) The harmless Clostridium contains the 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:1, SEQ ID NO:61, SEQ ID NO:62, SEQ ID NO:63, SEQ ID NO:64 or SEQ ID NO:65; (j) The Clostridium scintillans contains the 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:14, SEQ ID NO:111, SEQ ID NO:112, SEQ ID NO:113 or SEQ ID NO:114; (k) The symbiotic Clostridium contains the 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:13 or SEQ ID NO:110; (l) The long chain of Doraemonella contains the 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:25, SEQ ID NO:50, SEQ ID NO:51, SEQ ID NO:52, SEQ ID NO:53, SEQ ID NO:54, SEQ ID NO:55, SEQ ID NO:56, SEQ ID NO:57, SEQ ID NO:58, SEQ ID NO:59, SEQ ID NO:60, SEQ ID NO:152, SEQ ID NO:153, SEQ ID NO:154, SEQ ID NO:155, SEQ ID NO:156 or SEQ ID NO:157; (m) The *Eisenberger thymotherum* strain contains the 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:12, SEQ ID NO:106, SEQ ID NO:107, SEQ ID NO:108 or SEQ ID NO:109; (n) The Timonis Emergency Bacteria contains the 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:9, SEQ ID NO:97, SEQ ID NO:98, SEQ ID NO:99, SEQ ID NO:15, SEQ ID NO:115 or SEQ ID NO:116; (o) The branched filamentous Clostridium erythropoiesis comprises the 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:7, SEQ ID NO:87, SEQ ID NO:88, SEQ ID NO:89, SEQ ID NO:90 or SEQ ID NO:91; (p) The *Eubacterium jirovecii* contains the 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:31, SEQ ID NO:45, SEQ ID NO:46, SEQ ID NO:47, SEQ ID NO:48, SEQ ID NO:49, SEQ ID NO:173, SEQ ID NO:174, SEQ ID NO:175, SEQ ID NO:176 or SEQ ID NO:177; (q) The Faecalicatena cortorta contains the 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:16; (r) The Faecalicatena orotica contains the 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:8, SEQ ID NO:92, SEQ ID NO:93, SEQ ID NO:94, SEQ ID NO:95 or SEQ ID NO:96; (s) The Flavobacterium prevalence contains the 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:3; (t) The Hungatella effluvia contains the 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:19, SEQ ID NO:126, SEQ ID NO:127, SEQ ID NO:128, SEQ ID NO:129, SEQ ID NO:130 or SEQ ID NO:131; (u) The butyrate-producing Enterococcus faecalis contains the 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:11 or SEQ ID NO:105; (v) The Enteromonas masei contains the 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:21; (w) The long oval lactone-producing bacteria contains the 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:17, SEQ ID NO:121, SEQ ID NO:122, SEQ ID NO:123, SEQ ID NO:124, SEQ ID NO:28 or SEQ ID NO:165; (x) The Lawsonia spp. sp7 contains the 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:27 or SEQ ID NO:164; (y) The Massilimaliae timonensis contains the 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:18 or SEQ ID NO:125; (z) The Murimonas intestini contains the 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:6, SEQ ID NO:82, SEQ ID NO:83, SEQ ID NO:84, SEQ ID NO:85 or SEQ ID NO:86; (aa) The Niameybacter sp1 contains the 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:22 or SEQ ID NO:134; (bb) The Ruminococcus family NG13 sp6 contains the 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:24, SEQ ID NO:149, SEQ ID NO:150 or SEQ ID NO:151; or (cc) The Turicibacter sanguinis comprises the 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:23, SEQ ID NO:135, SEQ ID NO:136, SEQ ID NO:137, SEQ ID NO:138, SEQ ID NO:139, SEQ ID NO:140, SEQ ID NO:141, SEQ ID NO:142, SEQ ID NO:143, SEQ ID NO:144, SEQ ID NO:145, SEQ ID NO:146, SEQ ID NO:147 or SEQ ID NO:

148.

37. A method of treating a subject with chronic liver disease, the method comprising administering to the subject a composition comprising a first bacterial species and a second bacterial species, wherein the first species and the second species are not identical, and wherein the first species and the second species independently comprise, with respect to SEQ ID NO:5, SEQ ID NO:79, SEQ ID NO:80, SEQ ID NO:81, SEQ ID NO:4, SEQ ID NO:74, SEQ ID NO:75, SEQ ID NO:76, SEQ ID NO:77, SEQ ID NO:78, SEQ ID NO:26, SEQ ID NO:158, SEQ ID NO:159, SEQ ID NO:160, SEQ ID NO:161, SEQ ID NO:162, SEQ ID NO:163, SEQ ID NO:20, SEQ ID NO:132, SEQ ID NO:10, SEQ ID NO:100, SEQ ID NO:101, SEQ ID NO:10266, SEQ ID NO:10367, SEQ ID NO:10468 ... NO: 69, SEQ ID NO: 70, SEQ ID NO: 1, SEQ ID NO: 61, SEQ ID NO: 62, SEQ ID NO: 63, SEQ ID NO: 64, SEQ ID NO: 65, SEQ ID NO: 14, SEQ ID NO: 111, SEQ ID NO: 112, SEQ ID NO: 113, SEQ ID NO: 114, SEQ ID NO: 13, SEQ ID NO:110, SEQ ID NO:25, SEQ ID NO:50, SEQ ID NO:51, SEQ ID NO:52, SEQ ID NO:53, SEQ ID NO:54, SEQ ID NO:55, SEQ ID NO:56, SEQ ID NO:57, SEQ ID NO:58, SEQ ID NO:59, SEQ ID NO:60, SEQ ID NO:152, SEQ ID NO:153, SEQ ID NO:154, SEQ ID NO:155, SEQ ID NO:156, SEQ ID NO:157, SEQ ID NO: 12, SEQ ID NO: 106, SEQ ID NO: 107, SEQ ID NO: 108, SEQ ID NO: 109, SEQ ID NO: 9, SEQ ID NO: 97, SEQ ID NO: 98, SEQ ID NO: 99, SEQ IDNO:15, SEQ ID NO:7, SEQ ID NO:87, SEQ ID NO:88, SEQ ID NO:89, SEQ ID NO:90, SEQ ID NO:91, SEQ ID NO:16, SEQ ID NO:8, SEQ ID NO:92, SEQ ID NO:93, SEQ ID NO:94, SEQ ID NO:95, SEQ ID NO:96, SEQ ID NO:3, SEQ ID NO:71, SEQ ID NO:72, SEQ ID NO:73, SEQ ID NO:19, SEQ ID NO:126, SEQ ID NO:127, SEQ ID NO:128, SEQ ID NO:129, SEQ ID NO:130, SEQ ID NO:131, SEQ ID NO:11, SEQ ID NO:105, SEQ ID NO:21, SEQ ID NO:133, SEQ ID NO:17, SEQ ID NO:121, SEQ ID NO:122, SEQ ID NO:123, SEQ ID NO:124, SEQ ID NO:28, SEQ ID NO:27, SEQ ID NO:164, SEQ ID NO:18, SEQ ID NO:125, SEQ ID NO:6, SEQ ID NO:82, SEQ ID NO:83, SEQ ID NO:84, SEQ ID NO:85, SEQ ID NO:86, SEQ ID NO:22, SEQ ID NO:134, SEQ ID NO:24, SEQ ID NO:149, SEQ ID NO:150, SEQ ID NO:151, SEQ ID NO:23, SEQ ID NO:135, SEQ ID NO:136, SEQ ID NO:137, SEQ ID NO:138, SEQ ID NO:139, SEQ ID NO:140, SEQ ID NO:141, SEQ ID NO:142, SEQ ID NO:143, SEQ ID NO:144, SEQ ID NO:145, SEQ ID NO:146, SEQ ID NO:147, SEQ ID NO:148, SEQ ID NO:29, SEQ ID NO:32, SEQ ID NO:33, SEQ ID NO:34, SEQ ID NO:35, SEQ ID NO:36, or SEQ ID NO:37, SEQ ID NO:30, SEQ ID NO:38, SEQ IDThe sequences shown in any one of SEQ ID NO:39, SEQ ID NO:40, SEQ ID NO:41, SEQ ID NO:42, SEQ ID NO:43, SEQ ID NO:44, SEQ ID NO:166, SEQ ID NO:167, SEQ ID NO:168, SEQ ID NO:169, SEQ ID NO:170, SEQ ID NO:171, SEQ ID NO:172, SEQ ID NO:31, SEQ ID NO:45, SEQ ID NO:46, SEQ ID NO:47, SEQ ID NO:48, SEQ ID NO:49, SEQ ID NO:173, SEQ ID NO:174, SEQ ID NO:175, SEQ ID NO:176, or SEQ ID NO:177 are 16S rDNA sequences having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity.

38. The method of claim 37, wherein treating chronic liver disease comprises (i) reducing the incidence of infection or preventing infection in the subject, (ii) alleviating or preventing symptoms of the chronic liver disease in the subject, or (iii) both of (i) and (ii).

39. The method of claim 36 or 37, wherein the chronic liver disease includes cirrhosis.

40. The method of claim 39, wherein the cirrhosis includes decompensated cirrhosis.

41. The method of claim 36 or 37, wherein the chronic liver disease includes hepatic encephalopathy.

42. A method of treating neutropenia in a subject of need, the method comprising administering to the subject a composition comprising a first bacterial species and a second bacterial species, wherein the first species and the second species are not identical, and wherein the first species and the second species independently comprise, with respect to, SEQ ID NO:5, SEQ ID NO:79, SEQ ID NO:80, SEQ ID NO:81, SEQ ID NO:4, SEQ ID NO:74, SEQ ID NO:75, SEQ ID NO:76, SEQ ID NO:77, SEQ ID NO:78, SEQ ID NO:26, SEQ ID NO:158, SEQ ID NO:159, SEQ ID NO:160, SEQ ID NO:161, SEQ ID NO:162, SEQ ID NO:163, SEQ ID NO:20, SEQ ID NO:132, SEQ ID NO:10, SEQ ID NO:100, SEQ ID NO:101, SEQ ID NO:10266, SEQ ID NO:10367 ... ID NO:10468, SEQ ID NO:69, SEQ ID NO:70, SEQ ID NO:1, SEQ ID NO:61, SEQ ID NO:62, SEQ ID NO:63, SEQ ID NO:64, SEQ ID NO:65, SEQ ID NO:14, SEQ ID NO:111, SEQ ID NO:112, SEQ ID NO:113, SEQ ID NO:114, SEQ ID NO:13, SEQ ID NO:110, SEQ ID NO:25, SEQ ID NO:50, SEQ ID NO:51, SEQ ID NO:52, SEQ ID NO:53, SEQ ID NO:54, SEQ ID NO:55, SEQ ID NO:56, SEQ ID NO:57, SEQ ID NO:58, SEQ ID NO:59, SEQ ID NO: 60, SEQ ID NO: 152, SEQ ID NO: 153, SEQ ID NO: 154, SEQ ID NO: 155, SEQ ID NO: 156, SEQ ID NO:157, SEQ ID NO:12, SEQ ID NO:106, SEQ ID NO:107, SEQ ID NO:108, SEQ ID NO:109, SEQ ID NO:9, SEQ ID NO:97, SEQ ID NO:98, SEQ ID NO:99, SEQID NO: 15, SEQ ID NO: 115, SEQ ID NO: 116, SEQ ID NO: 7, SEQ ID NO: 87, SEQ ID NO: 88, SEQ ID NO: 89, SEQ ID NO: 90, SEQ ID NO: 91, SEQ ID NO: 16, SEQ ID NO: 8, SEQ ID NO: 92, SEQ ID NO: 93, SEQ ID NO: 94, SEQ ID NO: 95, SEQ ID NO: 96, SEQ ID NO: 3, SEQ ID NO: 71, SEQ ID NO: 72, SEQ ID NO: 73, SEQ ID NO: 19, SEQ ID NO: 126, SEQ ID NO: 127, SEQ ID NO: 128, SEQ ID NO: 129, SEQ ID NO: 130, SEQ ID NO: 131, SEQ ID NO: 11, SEQ ID NO: 105, SEQ ID NO: 21, SEQ ID NO: 133, SEQ ID NO: 17, SEQ ID NO: 121, SEQ ID NO: 122, SEQ ID NO: 123, SEQ ID NO: 124, SEQ ID NO: 28, SEQ ID NO: 27, SEQ ID NO: 164, SEQ ID NO: 18, SEQ ID NO: 125, SEQ ID NO: 6, SEQ ID NO: 82, SEQ ID NO: 83, SEQ ID NO: 84, SEQ ID NO: 85, SEQ ID NO: 86, SEQ ID NO: 22, SEQ ID NO: 134, SEQ ID NO: 24, SEQ ID NO: 149, SEQ ID NO: 150, SEQ ID NO: 151, SEQ ID NO: 23, SEQ ID NO: 135, SEQ ID NO: 136, SEQ ID NO: 137, SEQ ID NO: 138, SEQ ID NO: 139, SEQ ID NO: 140, SEQ ID NO: 141, SEQ ID NO: 142, SEQ ID NO: 143, SEQ ID NO: 144, SEQ ID NO: 145, SEQ ID NO: 146, SEQ ID NO: 147, SEQ ID NO: 148, SEQ ID NO: 29, SEQ ID NO: 32, SEQ ID NO: 33, SEQ ID NO: 34, SEQ ID NO: 35, SEQ ID NO: 36, or SEQ ID NO: 37, SEQThe sequences shown in any one of SEQ ID NO:30, SEQ ID NO:38, SEQ ID NO:39, SEQ ID NO:40, SEQ ID NO:41, SEQ ID NO:42, SEQ ID NO:43, SEQ ID NO:44, SEQ ID NO:166, SEQ ID NO:167, SEQ ID NO:168, SEQ ID NO:169, SEQ ID NO:170, SEQ ID NO:171, SEQ ID NO:172, SEQ ID NO:31, SEQ ID NO:45, SEQ ID NO:46, SEQ ID NO:47, SEQ ID NO:48, SEQ ID NO:49, SEQ ID NO:173, SEQ ID NO:174, SEQ ID NO:175, SEQ ID NO:176, or SEQ ID NO:177 are 16S rDNA sequences having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity.

43. The method of claim 42, wherein treating neutropenia comprises (i) reducing the incidence of infection in the subject or preventing the infection, (ii) alleviating or preventing the symptoms of neutropenia in the subject, or (iii) both of (i) and (ii).

44. The method of claim 42 or 43, wherein the neutropenia includes cancer neutropenia.

45. A method of treating a subject in need of a disease or condition related to solid organ transplantation, the method comprising administering to the subject a composition comprising a first bacterial species and a second bacterial species, wherein the first species and the second species are not identical, and wherein the first species and the second species independently comprise SEQ ID NO:5, SEQ ID NO:79, SEQ ID NO:80, SEQ ID NO:81, SEQ ID NO:4, SEQ ID NO:74, SEQ ID NO:75, SEQ ID NO:76, SEQ ID NO:77, SEQ ID NO:78, SEQ ID NO:26, SEQ ID NO:158, SEQ ID NO:159, SEQ ID NO:160, SEQ ID NO:161, SEQ ID NO:162, SEQ ID NO:163, SEQ ID NO:20, SEQ ID NO:132, SEQ ID NO:10, SEQ ID NO:100, SEQ ID NO:101, SEQ ID NO:10266, SEQ ID NO:10367 ... NO:10468, SEQ ID NO:69, SEQ ID NO:70, SEQ ID NO:1, SEQ ID NO:61, SEQ ID NO:62, SEQ ID NO:63, SEQ ID NO:64, SEQ ID NO:65, SEQ ID NO:14, SEQ ID NO:111, SEQ ID NO:112, SEQ ID NO:113, SEQ ID NO:114, SEQ ID NO:13, SEQ ID NO:110, SEQ ID NO:25, SEQ ID NO:50, SEQ ID NO:51, SEQ ID NO:52, SEQ ID NO:53, SEQ ID NO:54, SEQ ID NO:55, SEQ ID NO:56, SEQ ID NO:57, SEQ ID NO:58, SEQ ID NO:59, SEQ ID NO:60, SEQ ID NO:152, SEQ ID NO:153, SEQ ID NO:154, SEQ ID NO:155, SEQ ID NO:156, SEQ ID NO:157, SEQ ID NO:12, SEQ ID NO:106, SEQ ID NO:107, SEQ ID NO:108, SEQ ID NO:109, SEQ ID NO:9, SEQ ID NO:97, SEQ ID NO:98, SEQ IDNO:99, SEQ ID NO:15, SEQ ID NO:115, SEQ ID NO:116, SEQ ID NO:7, SEQ ID NO:87, SEQ ID NO:88, SEQ ID NO:89, SEQ ID NO:90, SEQ ID NO:91, SEQ ID NO:16, SEQ ID NO:8, SEQ ID NO:92, SEQ ID NO:93, SEQ ID NO:94, SEQ ID NO:95, SEQ ID NO:96, SEQ ID NO:3, SEQ ID NO:71, SEQ ID NO:72, SEQ ID NO:73, SEQ ID NO:19, SEQ ID NO:126, SEQ ID NO:127, SEQ ID NO:128, SEQ ID NO:129, SEQ ID NO:130, SEQ ID NO:131, SEQ ID NO:11, SEQ ID NO:105, SEQ ID NO:21, SEQ ID NO:133, SEQ ID NO:17, SEQ ID NO:121, SEQ ID NO:122, SEQ ID NO:123, SEQ ID NO:124, SEQ ID NO:28, SEQ ID NO:27, SEQ ID NO:164, SEQ ID NO:18, SEQ ID NO:125, SEQ ID NO:6, SEQ ID NO:82, SEQ ID NO:83, SEQ ID NO:84, SEQ ID NO:85, SEQ ID NO:86, SEQ ID NO:22, SEQ ID NO:134, SEQ ID NO:24, SEQ ID NO:149, SEQ ID NO:150, SEQ ID NO:151, SEQ ID NO:23, SEQ ID NO:135, SEQ ID NO:136, SEQ ID NO:137, SEQ ID NO:138, SEQ ID NO:139, SEQ ID NO:140, SEQ ID NO:141, SEQ ID NO:142, SEQ ID NO:143, SEQ ID NO:144, SEQ ID NO:145, SEQ ID NO:146, SEQ ID NO:147, SEQ ID NO:148, SEQ ID NO:29, SEQ ID NO:32, SEQ ID NO:33, SEQ ID NO:34, SEQ ID NO:35, SEQ ID NO:36, or SEQ IDThe sequences shown in any one of SEQ ID NO:37, SEQ ID NO:30, SEQ ID NO:38, SEQ ID NO:39, SEQ ID NO:40, SEQ ID NO:41, SEQ ID NO:42, SEQ ID NO:43, SEQ ID NO:44, SEQ ID NO:166, SEQ ID NO:167, SEQ ID NO:168, SEQ ID NO:169, SEQ ID NO:170, SEQ ID NO:171, SEQ ID NO:172, SEQ ID NO:31, SEQ ID NO:45, SEQ ID NO:46, SEQ ID NO:47, SEQ ID NO:48, SEQ ID NO:49, SEQ ID NO:173, SEQ ID NO:174, SEQ ID NO:175, SEQ ID NO:176, or SEQ ID NO:177 are 16S rDNA sequences having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity.

46. ​​The method of claim 45, wherein treating a disease or condition related to solid organ transplantation comprises (i) reducing the incidence of infection in the subject or preventing the infection, (ii) alleviating or preventing symptoms of the disease or condition related to solid organ transplantation in the subject, or (iii) both of (i) and (ii).

47. The method of claim 45 or 46, wherein the solid organ transplantation includes liver transplantation.

48. The method of any one of claims 37 to 47, wherein the first species and / or the second species comprises SEQ ID NO:1, SEQ ID NO:61, SEQ ID NO:62, SEQ ID NO:63, SEQ ID NO:64, SEQ ID NO:65, SEQ ID NO:2, SEQ ID NO:66, SEQ ID NO:67, SEQ ID NO:68, SEQ ID NO:69, SEQ ID NO:70, SEQ ID NO:3, SEQ ID NO:71, SEQ ID NO:72, SEQ ID NO:73, SEQ ID NO:4, SEQ ID NO:74, SEQ ID NO:75, SEQ ID NO:76, SEQ ID NO:77, SEQ ID NO:78, SEQ ID NO:5, SEQ ID NO:79, SEQ ID NO:80, SEQ ID NO:81, SEQ ID NO:6, SEQ ID NO:82, SEQ ID NO:83, SEQ ID NO:84, SEQ ID NO:85, SEQ ID NO:86, SEQ ID The sequences shown in any one of SEQ ID NO:7, SEQ ID NO:87, SEQ ID NO:88, SEQ ID NO:89, SEQ ID NO:90, SEQ ID NO:91, SEQ ID NO:8, SEQ ID NO:92, SEQ ID NO:93, SEQ ID NO:94, SEQ ID NO:95, SEQ ID NO:96, SEQ ID NO:10, SEQ ID NO:100, SEQ ID NO:101, SEQ ID NO:102, SEQ ID NO:103, SEQ ID NO:104, SEQ ID NO:12, SEQ ID NO:106, SEQ ID NO:107, SEQ ID NO:108, or SEQ ID NO:109 are 16S rDNA sequences having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity.

49. The method of any one of claims 37 to 48, wherein the plurality of bacteria comprises each of the following: (a) A 16S rDNA sequence having at least 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequences shown in SEQ ID NO:1, SEQ ID NO:61, SEQ ID NO:62, SEQ ID NO:63, SEQ ID NO:64, or SEQ ID NO:65, or (b) A 16S rDNA sequence having at least 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequences shown in SEQ ID NO:2, SEQ ID NO:66, SEQ ID NO:67, SEQ ID NO:68, SEQ ID NO:69, or SEQ ID NO:

70. (c) A 16S rDNA sequence having at least 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:3, SEQ ID NO:71, SEQ ID NO:72, or SEQ ID NO:

73. (d) A 16S rDNA sequence having at least 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:4, SEQ ID NO:74, SEQ ID NO:75, SEQ ID NO:76, SEQ ID NO:77, or SEQ ID NO:

78. (e) A 16S rDNA sequence having at least 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:5, SEQ ID NO:79, SEQ ID NO:80, or SEQ ID NO:

81. (f) A 16S rDNA sequence having at least 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:6, SEQ ID NO:82, SEQ ID NO:83, SEQ ID NO:84, SEQ ID NO:85, or SEQ ID NO:

86. (g) A 16S rDNA sequence having at least 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:7, SEQ ID NO:87, SEQ ID NO:88, SEQ ID NO:89, SEQ ID NO:90, or SEQ ID NO:

91. (h) A 16S rDNA sequence having at least 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:8, SEQ ID NO:92, SEQ ID NO:93, SEQ ID NO:94, SEQ ID NO:95, or SEQ ID NO:

96. (i) a 16S rDNA sequence having at least 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequences shown in SEQ ID NO:10, SEQ ID NO:100, SEQ ID NO:101, SEQ ID NO:102, SEQ ID NO:103, or SEQ ID NO:104, and (j) A 16S rDNA sequence having at least 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:12, SEQ ID NO:106, SEQ ID NO:107, SEQ ID NO:108, or SEQ ID NO:

109.

50. The method of claim 48 or 49, wherein the plurality of bacteria further comprises a 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequences shown in SEQ ID NO:9, SEQ ID NO:97, SEQ ID NO:98, or SEQ ID NO:

99.

51. The method of any one of claims 48 to 50, wherein the plurality of bacteria further comprises a 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:15, SEQ ID NO:115, or SEQ ID NO:

116.

52. The method of any one of claims 48 to 51, wherein the plurality of bacteria further comprises a 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:11 or SEQ ID NO:

105.

53. The method of any one of claims 48 to 52, wherein the plurality of bacteria further comprises a 16S rDNA sequence having at least 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:13 or SEQ ID NO:

110.

54. The method of any one of claims 48 to 53, wherein the plurality of bacteria further comprises a 16S rDNA sequence having at least 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:14, SEQ ID NO:111, SEQ ID NO:112, SEQ ID NO:113, or SEQ ID NO:

114.

55. The method of any one of claims 48 to 54, wherein the plurality of bacteria further comprises a 16S rDNA sequence having at least 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:

16.

56. The method of any one of claims 48 to 55, wherein the plurality of bacteria further comprises a 16S rDNA sequence having at least 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence shown in 17.

57. The method of any one of claims 48 to 56, wherein the plurality of bacteria further comprises a 16S rDNA sequence having at least 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence shown in 28.

58. The method of any one of claims 48 to 57, wherein the plurality of bacteria further comprises a 16S rDNA sequence having at least 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:18 or SEQ ID NO:

125.

59. The method of any one of claims 48 to 58, wherein the plurality of bacteria further comprises a 16S rDNA sequence having at least 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:19, SEQ ID NO:126, SEQ ID NO:127, SEQ ID NO:128, SEQ ID NO:129, SEQ ID NO:130, or SEQ ID NO:

131.

60. The method of any one of claims 48 to 59, wherein the plurality of bacteria further comprises a 16S rDNA sequence having at least 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:20 or SEQ ID NO:

132.

61. The method of any one of claims 48 to 60, wherein the plurality of bacteria further comprises a 16S rDNA sequence having at least 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:21 or SEQ ID NO:

133.

62. The method of any one of claims 48 to 61, wherein the plurality of bacteria further comprises a 16S rDNA sequence having at least 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:22 or SEQ ID NO:

134.

63. The method of any one of claims 48 to 62, wherein the plurality of bacteria further comprises a 16S rDNA sequence having at least 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:23, SEQ ID NO:135, SEQ ID NO:136, SEQ ID NO:137, SEQ ID NO:138, SEQ ID NO:139, SEQ ID NO:140, SEQ ID NO:141, SEQ ID NO:142, SEQ ID NO:143, SEQ ID NO:144, SEQ ID NO:145, SEQ ID NO:146, SEQ ID NO:147, or SEQ ID NO:

148.

64. The method of any one of claims 48 to 63, wherein the plurality of bacteria further comprises a 16S rDNA sequence having at least 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:24, SEQ ID NO:149, SEQ ID NO:150, or SEQ ID NO:

151.

65. The method of any one of claims 48 to 64, wherein the plurality of bacteria further comprises a 16S rDNA sequence having at least 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:25, SEQ ID NO:50, SEQ ID NO:51, SEQ ID NO:52, SEQ ID NO:53, SEQ ID NO:54, SEQ ID NO:55, SEQ ID NO:56, SEQ ID NO:57, SEQ ID NO:58, SEQ ID NO:59, SEQ ID NO:60, SEQ ID NO:152, SEQ ID NO:153, SEQ ID NO:154, SEQ ID NO:155, SEQ ID NO:156, or SEQ ID NO:

157.

66. The method of any one of claims 48 to 65, wherein the plurality of bacteria further comprises a 16S rDNA sequence having at least 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:26, SEQ ID NO:158, SEQ ID NO:159, SEQ ID NO:160, SEQ ID NO:161, SEQ ID NO:162, or SEQ ID NO:

163.

67. The method of any one of claims 48 to 66, wherein the plurality of bacteria further comprises a 16S rDNA sequence having at least 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:27 or SEQ ID NO:

164.

68. The method of any one of claims 48 to 67, wherein the plurality of bacteria further comprises a 16S rDNA sequence having at least 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:29, SEQ ID NO:32, SEQ ID NO:33, SEQ ID NO:34, SEQ ID NO:35, SEQ ID NO:36, or SEQ ID NO:

37.

69. The method of any one of claims 48 to 68, wherein the plurality of bacteria further comprises a 16S rDNA sequence having at least 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:30, SEQ ID NO:38, SEQ ID NO:39, SEQ ID NO:40, SEQ ID NO:41, SEQ ID NO:42, SEQ ID NO:43, SEQ ID NO:44, SEQ ID NO:166, SEQ ID NO:167, SEQ ID NO:168, SEQ ID NO:169, SEQ ID NO:170, SEQ ID NO:171, or SEQ ID NO:

172.

70. The method of any one of claims 48 to 69, wherein the plurality of bacteria further comprises a 16S rDNA sequence having at least 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:31, SEQ ID NO:45, SEQ ID NO:46, SEQ ID NO:47, SEQ ID NO:48, SEQ ID NO:49, SEQ ID NO:173, SEQ ID NO:174, SEQ ID NO:175, SEQ ID NO:176, or SEQ ID NO:

177.

71. The method of any one of claims 48 to 70, wherein the plurality of bacteria comprises, substantially consists of, or consists of the following: (a)(1) The 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:1, SEQ ID NO:61, SEQ ID NO:62, SEQ ID NO:63, SEQ ID NO:64 or SEQ ID NO:65, (2) The 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:2, SEQ ID NO:66, SEQ ID NO:67, SEQ ID NO:68, SEQ ID NO:69 or SEQ ID NO:70, (3) The 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:3, SEQ ID NO:71, SEQ ID NO:72 or SEQ ID NO:73, (4) The 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:4, SEQ ID NO:74, SEQ ID NO:75, SEQ ID NO:76, SEQ ID NO:77 or SEQ ID NO:78, (5) The 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:5, SEQ ID NO:79, SEQ ID NO:80 or SEQ ID NO:81, (6) The 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:6, SEQ ID NO:65, SEQ ID NO:66, SEQ ID NO:67, SEQ ID NO:68, SEQ ID NO:69 or SEQ ID NO:60, (75) The 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:6, SEQ ID NO:79, SEQ ID NO:80 or SEQ ID NO:81 ... (7) 16S rDNA sequences shown in SEQ ID NO:82, SEQ ID NO:83, SEQ ID NO:84, SEQ ID NO:85 or SEQ ID NO:86; (8) 16S rDNA sequences shown in SEQ ID NO:7, SEQ ID NO:87, SEQ ID NO:88, SEQ ID NO:89, SEQ ID NO:90 or SEQ ID NO:91; (9) 16S rDNA sequences shown in SEQ ID NO:8, SEQ ID NO:92, SEQ ID NO:93, SEQ ID NO:94, SEQ ID NO:95 or SEQ ID NO:96; (10) 16S rDNA sequences shown in SEQ ID NO:10, SEQ ID NO:100, SEQ ID NO:101, SEQ ID NO:102, SEQ ID NO:103 or SEQ ID NO:

104. rDNA sequences, (11) the 16S rDNA sequences shown in SEQ ID NO:11 or SEQ ID NO:105, (12) the 16S rDNA sequences shown in SEQ ID NO:12, SEQ ID NO:106, SEQ ID NO:107, SEQ ID NO:108 or SEQ ID NO:109,(13) the 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:13 or SEQ ID NO:110, (14) the 16S rDNA sequences shown in SEQ ID NO:14, SEQ ID NO:111, SEQ ID NO:112, SEQ ID NO:113 or SEQ ID NO:114, and (15) the 16S rDNA sequences shown in SEQ ID NO:15, SEQ ID NO:115 or SEQ ID NO:116; (b)(1) The 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:1, SEQ ID NO:61, SEQ ID NO:62, SEQ ID NO:63, SEQ ID NO:64 or SEQ ID NO:65, (2) The 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:2, SEQ ID NO:66, SEQ ID NO:67, SEQ ID NO:68, SEQ ID NO:69 or SEQ ID NO:70, (3) The 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:3, SEQ ID NO:71, SEQ ID NO:72 or SEQ ID NO:73, (4) The 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:4, SEQ ID NO:74, SEQ ID NO:75, SEQ ID NO:76, SEQ ID NO:77 or SEQ ID NO:78, (5) The 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:5, SEQ ID NO:79, SEQ ID NO:80 or SEQ ID NO:81, (6) The 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:6, SEQ ID NO:65, SEQ ID NO:66, SEQ ID NO:67, SEQ ID NO:68, SEQ ID NO:69, SEQ ID NO:60 ...1, SEQ ID NO:62, SEQ ID NO:63, SEQ ID NO:64, SEQ ID NO:65, SEQ ID NO:66, SEQ ID NO:67, SEQ ID NO:68, SEQ ID NO:69, SEQ ID NO:60, SEQ ID NO:61, SEQ ID NO:69, SEQ ID NO:60, SEQ ID NO:61, SEQ ID NO:62, SEQ ID NO: (7) 16S rDNA sequences shown in SEQ ID NO:82, SEQ ID NO:83, SEQ ID NO:84, SEQ ID NO:85 or SEQ ID NO:86; (8) 16S rDNA sequences shown in SEQ ID NO:7, SEQ ID NO:87, SEQ ID NO:88, SEQ ID NO:89, SEQ ID NO:90 or SEQ ID NO:91; (9) 16S rDNA sequences shown in SEQ ID NO:8, SEQ ID NO:92, SEQ ID NO:93, SEQ ID NO:94, SEQ ID NO:95 or SEQ ID NO:96; (10) 16S rDNA sequences shown in SEQ ID NO:11 or SEQ ID NO:105; (11) SEQ ID NO:12, SEQ ID NO:86, SEQ ID NO:86, SEQ ID NO:87, SEQ ID NO:88, SEQ ID NO:89, SEQ ID NO:90 or SEQ ID NO:91; (11) 16S rDNA sequences shown in SEQ ID NO:12, SEQ ID NO:86, SEQ ID NO:86, SEQ ID NO:87, SEQ ID NO:88, SEQ ID NO:89, SEQ ID NO:90 or SEQ ID NO:91; (12) 16S rDNA sequences shown in SEQ ID NO:82, SEQ ID NO:83, SEQ ID NO:84, SEQ ID NO:85 or SEQ ID NO:86; (13) 16S rDNA sequences shown in SEQ ID NO:11 or SEQ ID NO:105; (14) 16S rDNA sequences shown in SEQ ID NO:12, SEQ ID NO:86, SEQ ID NO:86, SEQ ID NO:87, SEQ ID NO:88, SEQ ID NO:89, SEQ ID NO:90 or SEQ ID NO:91; (15) 1 The 16S rDNA sequences shown in NO:106, SEQ ID NO:107, SEQ ID NO:108 or SEQ ID NO:109, (12) the 16S rDNA sequences shown in SEQ ID NO:13 or SEQ ID NO:110,(13) the 16S rDNA sequences shown in SEQ ID NO:14, SEQ ID NO:111, SEQ ID NO:112, SEQ ID NO:113 or SEQ ID NO:114, and (14) the 16S rDNA sequences shown in SEQ ID NO:15, SEQ ID NO:115 or SEQ ID NO:116; (c)(1) The 16S rDNA sequences shown in SEQ ID NO:1, SEQ ID NO:61, SEQ ID NO:62, SEQ ID NO:63, SEQ ID NO:64, and SEQ ID NO:65; (2) The 16S rDNA sequences shown in SEQ ID NO:2, SEQ ID NO:66, SEQ ID NO:67, SEQ ID NO:68, SEQ ID NO:69, or SEQ ID NO:70; (3) The 16S rDNA sequences shown in SEQ ID NO:3, SEQ ID NO:71, SEQ ID NO:72, or SEQ ID NO:73; (4) The 16S rDNA sequences shown in SEQ ID NO:4, SEQ ID NO:74, SEQ ID NO:75, SEQ ID NO:76, SEQ ID NO:77, or SEQ ID NO:78; (5) The 16S rDNA sequences shown in SEQ ID NO:5, SEQ ID NO:79, SEQ ID NO:80, or SEQ ID NO:81; (6) The 16S rDNA sequences shown in SEQ ID NO:6, SEQ ID NO:65, SEQ ID NO:66, SEQ ID NO:67, SEQ ID NO:68, SEQ ID NO:69, or SEQ ID NO:

70. (7) 16S rDNA sequences shown in SEQ ID NO:82, SEQ ID NO:83, SEQ ID NO:84, SEQ ID NO:85 or SEQ ID NO:86; (8) 16S rDNA sequences shown in SEQ ID NO:7, SEQ ID NO:87, SEQ ID NO:88, SEQ ID NO:89, SEQ ID NO:90 or SEQ ID NO:91; (9) 16S rDNA sequences shown in SEQ ID NO:8, SEQ ID NO:92, SEQ ID NO:93, SEQ ID NO:94, SEQ ID NO:95 or SEQ ID NO:96; (10) 16S rDNA sequences shown in SEQ ID NO:11 or SEQ ID NO:105; (11) SEQ ID NO:12, SEQ ID NO:86, SEQ ID NO:86, SEQ ID NO:87, SEQ ID NO:88, SEQ ID NO:89, SEQ ID NO:90 or SEQ ID NO:91; (11) 16S rDNA sequences shown in SEQ ID NO:12, SEQ ID NO:86, SEQ ID NO:86, SEQ ID NO:87, SEQ ID NO:88, SEQ ID NO:89, SEQ ID NO:90 or SEQ ID NO:91; (12) 16S rDNA sequences shown in SEQ ID NO:82, SEQ ID NO:83, SEQ ID NO:84, SEQ ID NO:85 or SEQ ID NO:86; (13) 16S rDNA sequences shown in SEQ ID NO:11 or SEQ ID NO:105; (14) 16S rDNA sequences shown in SEQ ID NO:12, SEQ ID NO:86, SEQ ID NO:86, SEQ ID NO:87, SEQ ID NO:88, SEQ ID NO:89, SEQ ID NO:90 or SEQ ID NO:91; (15) 1 The 16S rDNA sequences shown in NO:106, SEQ ID NO:107, SEQ ID NO:108 or SEQ ID NO:109, (12) the 16S rDNA sequences shown in SEQ ID NO:13 or SEQ ID NO:110,(13) the 16S rDNA sequences shown in SEQ ID NO:14, SEQ ID NO:111, SEQ ID NO:112, SEQ ID NO:113 or SEQ ID NO:114, (14) the 16S rDNA sequences shown in SEQ ID NO:15, SEQ ID NO:115 or SEQ ID NO:116, (15) the 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:16, (16) the 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:28 or SEQ ID NO:165, and (17) the 16S rDNA sequences shown in SEQ ID NO:24, SEQ ID NO:149, SEQ ID NO:150 or SEQ ID NO:151; (d)(1) The 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:1, SEQ ID NO:61, SEQ ID NO:62, SEQ ID NO:63, SEQ ID NO:64 or SEQ ID NO:65, (2) The 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:2, SEQ ID NO:66, SEQ ID NO:67, SEQ ID NO:68, SEQ ID NO:69 or SEQ ID NO:70, (3) The 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:3, SEQ ID NO:71, SEQ ID NO:72 or SEQ ID NO:73, (4) The 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:4, SEQ ID NO:74, SEQ ID NO:75, SEQ ID NO:76, SEQ ID NO:77 or SEQ ID NO:78, (5) The 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:5, SEQ ID NO:79, SEQ ID NO:80 or SEQ ID NO:81, (6) The 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:6, SEQ ID NO:65, SEQ ID NO:66, SEQ ID NO:67, SEQ ID NO:68, SEQ ID NO:69, SEQ ID NO:60 ...1, SEQ ID NO:62, SEQ ID NO:63, SEQ ID NO:64, SEQ ID NO:65, SEQ ID NO:66, SEQ ID NO:67, SEQ ID NO:68, SEQ ID NO:69, SEQ ID NO:60, SEQ ID NO:61, SEQ ID NO:69, SEQ ID NO:60, SEQ ID NO:61, SEQ ID NO:60, SEQ ID NO: (7) 16S rDNA sequences shown in SEQ ID NO:82, SEQ ID NO:83, SEQ ID NO:84, SEQ ID NO:85 or SEQ ID NO:86; (8) 16S rDNA sequences shown in SEQ ID NO:7, SEQ ID NO:87, SEQ ID NO:88, SEQ ID NO:89, SEQ ID NO:90 or SEQ ID NO:91; (9) 16S rDNA sequences shown in SEQ ID NO:8, SEQ ID NO:92, SEQ ID NO:93, SEQ ID NO:94, SEQ ID NO:95 or SEQ ID NO:96; (10) 16S rDNA sequences shown in SEQ ID NO:11 or SEQ ID NO:105; (11) SEQ ID NO:12, SEQ ID NO:86, SEQ ID NO:86, SEQ ID NO:87, SEQ ID NO:88, SEQ ID NO:89, SEQ ID NO:90 or SEQ ID NO:91; (11) 16S rDNA sequences shown in SEQ ID NO:12, SEQ ID NO:86, SEQ ID NO:86, SEQ ID NO:87, SEQ ID NO:88, SEQ ID NO:89, SEQ ID NO:90 or SEQ ID NO:91; (12) 16S rDNA sequences shown in SEQ ID NO:82, SEQ ID NO:83, SEQ ID NO:84, SEQ ID NO:85 or SEQ ID NO:86; (13) 16S rDNA sequences shown in SEQ ID NO:11 or SEQ ID NO:105; (14) 16S rDNA sequences shown in SEQ ID NO:12, SEQ ID NO:86, SEQ ID NO:86, SEQ ID NO:87, SEQ ID NO:88, SEQ ID NO:89, SEQ ID NO:90 or SEQ ID NO:91; (15) 1 The 16S rDNA sequences shown in NO:106, SEQ ID NO:107, SEQ ID NO:108 or SEQ ID NO:109, (12) the 16S rDNA sequences shown in SEQ ID NO:13 or SEQ ID NO:110,(13) the 16S rDNA sequences shown in SEQ ID NO:14, SEQ ID NO:111, SEQ ID NO:112, SEQ ID NO:113 or SEQ ID NO:114, (14) the 16S rDNA sequences shown in SEQ ID NO:15, SEQ ID NO:115 or SEQ ID NO:116, (15) the 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:16, (16) the 16S rDNA sequences shown in SEQ ID NO:17, SEQ ID NO:121, SEQ ID NO:122, SEQ ID NO:123 or SEQ ID NO:124, and (17) the 16S rDNA sequences shown in SEQ ID NO:24, SEQ ID NO:149, SEQ ID NO:150 or SEQ ID NO:151; (e)(1) The 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:1, SEQ ID NO:61, SEQ ID NO:62, SEQ ID NO:63, SEQ ID NO:64 or SEQ ID NO:65, (2) The 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:2, SEQ ID NO:66, SEQ ID NO:67, SEQ ID NO:68, SEQ ID NO:69 or SEQ ID NO:70, (3) The 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:3, SEQ ID NO:71, SEQ ID NO:72 or SEQ ID NO:73, (4) The 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:4 or SEQ ID NO:74, SEQ ID NO:75, SEQ ID NO:76, SEQ ID NO:77, SEQ ID NO:78, (5) The 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:5, SEQ ID NO:79, SEQ ID NO:80 or SEQ ID NO:81, (6) The 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:6, SEQ ID NO:65, SEQ ID NO:66, SEQ ID NO:67, SEQ ID NO:68, SEQ ID NO:69, SEQ ID NO:60 ... (7) 16S rDNA sequences shown in SEQ ID NO:82, SEQ ID NO:83, SEQ ID NO:84, SEQ ID NO:85 or SEQ ID NO:86; (8) 16S rDNA sequences shown in SEQ ID NO:7, SEQ ID NO:87, SEQ ID NO:88, SEQ ID NO:89, SEQ ID NO:90 or SEQ ID NO:91; (9) 16S rDNA sequences shown in SEQ ID NO:8, SEQ ID NO:92, SEQ ID NO:93, SEQ ID NO:94, SEQ ID NO:95 or SEQ ID NO:96; (10) 16S rDNA sequences shown in SEQ ID NO:11 or SEQ ID NO:105; (11) SEQ ID NO:12, SEQ ID NO:86, SEQ ID NO:86, SEQ ID NO:87, SEQ ID NO:88, SEQ ID NO:89, SEQ ID NO:90 or SEQ ID NO:91; (11) 16S rDNA sequences shown in SEQ ID NO:12, SEQ ID NO:86, SEQ ID NO:86, SEQ ID NO:87, SEQ ID NO:88, SEQ ID NO:89, SEQ ID NO:90 or SEQ ID NO:91; (12) 16S rDNA sequences shown in SEQ ID NO:82, SEQ ID NO:83, SEQ ID NO:84, SEQ ID NO:85 or SEQ ID NO:86; (13) 16S rDNA sequences shown in SEQ ID NO:11 or SEQ ID NO:105; (14) 16S rDNA sequences shown in SEQ ID NO:12, SEQ ID NO:86, SEQ ID NO:86, SEQ ID NO:87, SEQ ID NO:88, SEQ ID NO:89, SEQ ID NO:90 or SEQ ID NO:91; (15) 1 The 16S rDNA sequences shown in NO:106, SEQ ID NO:107, SEQ ID NO:108 or SEQ ID NO:109, (12) the 16S rDNA sequences shown in SEQ ID NO:13 or SEQ ID NO:110,(13) the 16S rDNA sequences shown in SEQ ID NO:14, SEQ ID NO:111, SEQ ID NO:112, SEQ ID NO:113 or SEQ ID NO:114, (14) the 16S rDNA sequences shown in SEQ ID NO:15, SEQ ID NO:115 or SEQ ID NO:116, (15) the 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:16, (16) the 16S rDNA sequences shown in SEQ ID NO:17, SEQ ID NO:121, SEQ ID NO:122, SEQ ID NO:123 or SEQ ID NO:124, and (17) the 16S rDNA sequences shown in SEQ ID NO:24, SEQ ID NO:149, SEQ ID NO:150 or SEQ ID NO:151; (f)(1) The 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:1, SEQ ID NO:61, SEQ ID NO:62, SEQ ID NO:63, SEQ ID NO:64 or SEQ ID NO:65, (2) The 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:2, SEQ ID NO:66, SEQ ID NO:67, SEQ ID NO:68, SEQ ID NO:69 or SEQ ID NO:70, (3) The 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:3, SEQ ID NO:71, SEQ ID NO:72 or SEQ ID NO:73, (4) The 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:4, SEQ ID NO:74, SEQ ID NO:75, SEQ ID NO:76, SEQ ID NO:77 or SEQ ID NO:78, (5) The 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:5, SEQ ID NO:79, SEQ ID NO:80 or SEQ ID NO:81, (6) The 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:6, SEQ ID NO:65, SEQ ID NO:66, SEQ ID NO:67, SEQ ID NO:68, SEQ ID NO:69, SEQ ID NO:60 ...1, SEQ ID NO:69, SEQ ID NO:60, SEQ ID NO:61, SEQ ID NO:60, SEQ ID NO:61, SEQ ID NO:62, SEQ ID NO:63, SEQ ID NO:64, SEQ ID NO:65, SEQ ID NO:66, SEQ ID NO:67, SEQ ID NO:68, SEQ ID NO:69, SEQ ID NO:60, SEQ ID NO: (7) 16S rDNA sequences shown in SEQ ID NO:82, SEQ ID NO:83, SEQ ID NO:84, SEQ ID NO:85 or SEQ ID NO:86; (8) 16S rDNA sequences shown in SEQ ID NO:7, SEQ ID NO:87, SEQ ID NO:88, SEQ ID NO:89, SEQ ID NO:90 or SEQ ID NO:91; (9) 16S rDNA sequences shown in SEQ ID NO:8, SEQ ID NO:92, SEQ ID NO:93, SEQ ID NO:94, SEQ ID NO:95 or SEQ ID NO:96; (10) 16S rDNA sequences shown in SEQ ID NO:11 or SEQ ID NO:105; (11) SEQ ID NO:12, SEQ ID NO:86, SEQ ID NO:86, SEQ ID NO:87, SEQ ID NO:88, SEQ ID NO:89, SEQ ID NO:90 or SEQ ID NO:91; (11) 16S rDNA sequences shown in SEQ ID NO:12, SEQ ID NO:86, SEQ ID NO:86, SEQ ID NO:87, SEQ ID NO:88, SEQ ID NO:89, SEQ ID NO:90 or SEQ ID NO:91; (12) 16S rDNA sequences shown in SEQ ID NO:82, SEQ ID NO:83, SEQ ID NO:84, SEQ ID NO:85 or SEQ ID NO:86; (13) 16S rDNA sequences shown in SEQ ID NO:11 or SEQ ID NO:105; (14) 16S rDNA sequences shown in SEQ ID NO:12, SEQ ID NO:86, SEQ ID NO:86, SEQ ID NO:87, SEQ ID NO:88, SEQ ID NO:89, SEQ ID NO:90 or SEQ ID NO:91; (15) 1 The 16S rDNA sequences shown in NO:106, SEQ ID NO:107, SEQ ID NO:108 or SEQ ID NO:109, (12) the 16S rDNA sequences shown in SEQ ID NO:13 or SEQ ID NO:110,(13) The 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:14, SEQ ID NO:111, SEQ ID NO:112, SEQ ID NO:113 or SEQ ID NO:114; (14) The 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:15, SEQ ID NO:115 or SEQ ID NO:116; (15) The 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:16; (16) The 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:17, SEQ ID NO:121, SEQ ID NO:122, SEQ ID NO:123 or SEQ ID NO:124; (17) The 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:18 or SEQ ID NO:125; (18) SEQ ID NO:19, SEQ ID NO:126, SEQ ID NO:127, SEQ ID NO:128, SEQ ID NO:129, SEQ ID NO:130 or SEQ ID NO:

125. The 16S rDNA sequence shown in NO:131, and (19) the 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:20 or SEQ ID NO:132; (g)(1) The 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:1, SEQ ID NO:61, SEQ ID NO:62, SEQ ID NO:63, SEQ ID NO:64 or SEQ ID NO:65, (2) The 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:2, SEQ ID NO:66, SEQ ID NO:67, SEQ ID NO:68, SEQ ID NO:69 or SEQ ID NO:70, (3) The 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:3, SEQ ID NO:71, SEQ ID NO:72 or SEQ ID NO:73, (4) The 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:4, SEQ ID NO:74, SEQ ID NO:75, SEQ ID NO:76, SEQ ID NO:77 or SEQ ID NO:78, (5) The 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:5, SEQ ID NO:79, SEQ ID NO:80 or SEQ ID NO:81, (6) The 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:6, SEQ ID NO:65, SEQ ID NO:66, SEQ ID NO:67, SEQ ID NO:68, SEQ ID NO:69, SEQ ID NO:60 ...1, SEQ ID NO:69, SEQ ID NO:60, SEQ ID NO:61, SEQ ID NO:60, SEQ ID NO:61, SEQ ID NO:62, SEQ ID NO:63, SEQ ID NO:64, SEQ ID NO:65, SEQ ID NO:66, SEQ ID NO:67, SEQ ID NO:68, SEQ ID NO:69, SEQ ID NO:60, SEQ ID NO: (7) 16S rDNA sequences shown in SEQ ID NO:82, SEQ ID NO:83, SEQ ID NO:84, SEQ ID NO:85 or SEQ ID NO:86; (8) 16S rDNA sequences shown in SEQ ID NO:7, SEQ ID NO:87, SEQ ID NO:88, SEQ ID NO:89, SEQ ID NO:90 or SEQ ID NO:91; (9) 16S rDNA sequences shown in SEQ ID NO:8, SEQ ID NO:92, SEQ ID NO:93, SEQ ID NO:94, SEQ ID NO:95 or SEQ ID NO:96; (10) 16S rDNA sequences shown in SEQ ID NO:11 or SEQ ID NO:105; (11) SEQ ID NO:12, SEQ ID NO:86, SEQ ID NO:86, SEQ ID NO:87, SEQ ID NO:88, SEQ ID NO:89, SEQ ID NO:90 or SEQ ID NO:91; (11) 16S rDNA sequences shown in SEQ ID NO:12, SEQ ID NO:86, SEQ ID NO:86, SEQ ID NO:87, SEQ ID NO:88, SEQ ID NO:89, SEQ ID NO:90 or SEQ ID NO:91; (12) 16S rDNA sequences shown in SEQ ID NO:82, SEQ ID NO:83, SEQ ID NO:84, SEQ ID NO:85 or SEQ ID NO:86; (13) 16S rDNA sequences shown in SEQ ID NO:11 or SEQ ID NO:105; (14) 16S rDNA sequences shown in SEQ ID NO:12, SEQ ID NO:86, SEQ ID NO:86, SEQ ID NO:87, SEQ ID NO:88, SEQ ID NO:89, SEQ ID NO:90 or SEQ ID NO:91; (15) 1 The 16S rDNA sequences shown in NO:106, SEQ ID NO:107, SEQ ID NO:108 or SEQ ID NO:109, (12) the 16S rDNA sequences shown in SEQ ID NO:13 or SEQ ID NO:110,(13) The 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:14, SEQ ID NO:111, SEQ ID NO:112, SEQ ID NO:113 or SEQ ID NO:114; (14) The 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:15, SEQ ID NO:115 or SEQ ID NO:116; (15) The 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:16; (16) The 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:17, SEQ ID NO:121, SEQ ID NO:122, SEQ ID NO:123 or SEQ ID NO:124; (17) The 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:18 or SEQ ID NO:125; (18) SEQ ID NO:19, SEQ ID NO:126, SEQ ID NO:127, SEQ ID NO:128, SEQ ID NO:129, SEQ ID NO:130 or SEQ ID NO:

125. The 16S rDNA sequence shown in NO:131, (19) the 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:20 or SEQ ID NO:132, (20) the 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:21 or SEQ ID NO:133, (21) the 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:22 or SEQ ID NO:134, and (22) the 16S rDNA sequences shown in SEQ ID NO:23, SEQ ID NO:135, SEQ ID NO:136, SEQ ID NO:137, SEQ ID NO:138, SEQ ID NO:139, SEQ ID NO:140, SEQ ID NO:141, SEQ ID NO:142, SEQ ID NO:143, SEQ ID NO:144, SEQ ID NO:145, SEQ ID NO:146, SEQ ID NO:147 or SEQ ID NO:148; (h)(1) The 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:1, SEQ ID NO:61, SEQ ID NO:62, SEQ ID NO:63, SEQ ID NO:64 or SEQ ID NO:65, (2) The 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:2, SEQ ID NO:66, SEQ ID NO:67, SEQ ID NO:68, SEQ ID NO:69 or SEQ ID NO:70, (3) The 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:3, SEQ ID NO:71, SEQ ID NO:72 or SEQ ID NO:73, (4) The 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:4, SEQ ID NO:74, SEQ ID NO:75, SEQ ID NO:76, SEQ ID NO:77 or SEQ ID NO:78, (5) The 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:5, SEQ ID NO:79, SEQ ID NO:80 or SEQ ID NO:81, (6) The 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:6, SEQ ID NO:65, SEQ ID NO:66, SEQ ID NO:67, SEQ ID NO:68, SEQ ID NO:69, SEQ ID NO:60 ...1, SEQ ID NO:69, SEQ ID NO:60, SEQ ID NO:61, SEQ ID NO:60, SEQ ID NO:61, SEQ ID NO:62, SEQ ID NO:63, SEQ ID NO:64, SEQ ID NO:65, SEQ ID NO:66, SEQ ID NO:67, SEQ ID NO:68, SEQ ID NO:69, SEQ ID NO:60, SEQ ID NO: (7) 16S rDNA sequences shown in SEQ ID NO:82, SEQ ID NO:83, SEQ ID NO:84, SEQ ID NO:85 or SEQ ID NO:86; (8) 16S rDNA sequences shown in SEQ ID NO:7, SEQ ID NO:87, SEQ ID NO:88, SEQ ID NO:89, SEQ ID NO:90 or SEQ ID NO:91; (9) 16S rDNA sequences shown in SEQ ID NO:8, SEQ ID NO:92, SEQ ID NO:93, SEQ ID NO:94, SEQ ID NO:95 or SEQ ID NO:96; (10) 16S rDNA sequences shown in SEQ ID NO:10, SEQ ID NO:100, SEQ ID NO:101, SEQ ID NO:102, SEQ ID NO:103 or SEQ ID NO:

104. rDNA sequences, (11) the 16S rDNA sequences shown in SEQ ID NO:12, SEQ ID NO:106, SEQ ID NO:107, SEQ ID NO:108 or SEQ ID NO:109,(12) the 16S rDNA sequences shown in SEQ ID NO:25, SEQ ID NO:50, SEQ ID NO:51, SEQ ID NO:52, SEQ ID NO:53, SEQ ID NO:54, SEQ ID NO:55, SEQ ID NO:56, SEQ ID NO:57, SEQ ID NO:58, SEQ ID NO:59, SEQ ID NO:60, SEQ ID NO:152, SEQ ID NO:153, SEQ ID NO:154, SEQ ID NO:155, SEQ ID NO:156 or SEQ ID NO:157, and (13) the 16S rDNA sequences shown in SEQ ID NO:26, SEQ ID NO:158, SEQ ID NO:159, SEQ ID NO:160, SEQ ID NO:161, SEQ ID NO:162 or SEQ ID NO:163; (i)(1) The 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:1, SEQ ID NO:61, SEQ ID NO:62, SEQ ID NO:63, SEQ ID NO:64 or SEQ ID NO:65, (2) The 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:2, SEQ ID NO:66, SEQ ID NO:67, SEQ ID NO:68, SEQ ID NO:69 or SEQ ID NO:70, (3) The 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:3, SEQ ID NO:71, SEQ ID NO:72 or SEQ ID NO:73, (4) The 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:4, SEQ ID NO:74, SEQ ID NO:75, SEQ ID NO:76, SEQ ID NO:77 or SEQ ID NO:78, (5) The 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:5, SEQ ID NO:79, SEQ ID NO:80 or SEQ ID NO:81, (6) The 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:6, SEQ ID NO:65, SEQ ID NO:66, SEQ ID NO:67, SEQ ID NO:68, SEQ ID NO:69, SEQ ID NO:60 ...1, SEQ ID NO:69, SEQ ID NO:60, SEQ ID NO:61, SEQ ID NO:60, SEQ ID NO:61, SEQ ID NO:62, SEQ ID NO:63, SEQ ID NO:64, SEQ ID NO:65, SEQ ID NO:66, SEQ ID NO:67, SEQ ID NO:68, SEQ ID NO:69, SEQ ID NO:60, SEQ ID NO: (7) 16S rDNA sequences shown in SEQ ID NO:82, SEQ ID NO:83, SEQ ID NO:84, SEQ ID NO:85 or SEQ ID NO:86; (8) 16S rDNA sequences shown in SEQ ID NO:7, SEQ ID NO:87, SEQ ID NO:88, SEQ ID NO:89, SEQ ID NO:90 or SEQ ID NO:91; (9) 16S rDNA sequences shown in SEQ ID NO:8, SEQ ID NO:92, SEQ ID NO:93, SEQ ID NO:94, SEQ ID NO:95 or SEQ ID NO:96; (10) 16S rDNA sequences shown in SEQ ID NO:11 or SEQ ID NO:105; (11) SEQ ID NO:12, SEQ ID NO:86, SEQ ID NO:86, SEQ ID NO:87, SEQ ID NO:88, SEQ ID NO:89, SEQ ID NO:90 or SEQ ID NO:91; (11) 16S rDNA sequences shown in SEQ ID NO:12, SEQ ID NO:86, SEQ ID NO:86, SEQ ID NO:87, SEQ ID NO:88, SEQ ID NO:89, SEQ ID NO:90 or SEQ ID NO:91; (12) 16S rDNA sequences shown in SEQ ID NO:82, SEQ ID NO:83, SEQ ID NO:84, SEQ ID NO:85 or SEQ ID NO:86; (13) 16S rDNA sequences shown in SEQ ID NO:11 or SEQ ID NO:105; (14) 16S rDNA sequences shown in SEQ ID NO:12, SEQ ID NO:86, SEQ ID NO:86, SEQ ID NO:87, SEQ ID NO:88, SEQ ID NO:89, SEQ ID NO:90 or SEQ ID NO:91; (15) 1 The 16S rDNA sequences shown in NO:106, SEQ ID NO:107, SEQ ID NO:108 or SEQ ID NO:109, (12) the 16S rDNA sequences shown in SEQ ID NO:13 or SEQ ID NO:110,(13) the 16S rDNA sequences shown in SEQ ID NO:14, SEQ ID NO:111, SEQ ID NO:112, SEQ ID NO:113 or SEQ ID NO:114, (14) the 16S rDNA sequences shown in SEQ ID NO:15, SEQ ID NO:115 or SEQ ID NO:116, (15) the 16S rDNA sequences shown in SEQ ID NO:26, SEQ ID NO:158, SEQ ID NO:159, SEQ ID NO:160, SEQ ID NO:161, SEQ ID NO:162 or SEQ ID NO:163, and (16) the 16S rDNA sequences shown in SEQ ID NO:27 or SEQ ID NO:164; (j)(1) The 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:1, SEQ ID NO:61, SEQ ID NO:62, SEQ ID NO:63, SEQ ID NO:64 or SEQ ID NO:65, (2) The 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:2, SEQ ID NO:66, SEQ ID NO:67, SEQ ID NO:68, SEQ ID NO:69 or SEQ ID NO:70, (3) The 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:3, SEQ ID NO:71, SEQ ID NO:72 or SEQ ID NO:73, (4) The 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:4, SEQ ID NO:74, SEQ ID NO:75, SEQ ID NO:76, SEQ ID NO:77 or SEQ ID NO:78, (5) The 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:5, SEQ ID NO:79, SEQ ID NO:80 or SEQ ID NO:81, (6) The 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:6, SEQ ID NO:65, SEQ ID NO:66, SEQ ID NO:67, SEQ ID NO:68, SEQ ID NO:69, SEQ ID NO:60 ...1, SEQ ID NO:69, SEQ ID NO:60, SEQ ID NO:61, SEQ ID NO:60, SEQ ID NO:61, SEQ ID NO:62, SEQ ID NO:63, SEQ ID NO:64, SEQ ID NO:65, SEQ ID NO:66, SEQ ID NO:67, SEQ ID NO:68, SEQ ID NO:69, SEQ ID NO:60, SEQ ID NO: (7) 16S rDNA sequences shown in SEQ ID NO:82, SEQ ID NO:83, SEQ ID NO:84, SEQ ID NO:85 or SEQ ID NO:86; (8) 16S rDNA sequences shown in SEQ ID NO:7, SEQ ID NO:87, SEQ ID NO:88, SEQ ID NO:89, SEQ ID NO:90 or SEQ ID NO:91; (9) 16S rDNA sequences shown in SEQ ID NO:8, SEQ ID NO:92, SEQ ID NO:93, SEQ ID NO:94, SEQ ID NO:95 or SEQ ID NO:96; (10) 16S rDNA sequences shown in SEQ ID NO:11 or SEQ ID NO:105; (11) SEQ ID NO:12, SEQ ID NO:86, SEQ ID NO:86, SEQ ID NO:87, SEQ ID NO:88, SEQ ID NO:89, SEQ ID NO:90 or SEQ ID NO:91; (11) 16S rDNA sequences shown in SEQ ID NO:12, SEQ ID NO:86, SEQ ID NO:86, SEQ ID NO:87, SEQ ID NO:88, SEQ ID NO:89, SEQ ID NO:90 or SEQ ID NO:91; (12) 16S rDNA sequences shown in SEQ ID NO:82, SEQ ID NO:83, SEQ ID NO:84, SEQ ID NO:85 or SEQ ID NO:86; (13) 16S rDNA sequences shown in SEQ ID NO:11 or SEQ ID NO:105; (14) 16S rDNA sequences shown in SEQ ID NO:12, SEQ ID NO:86, SEQ ID NO:86, SEQ ID NO:87, SEQ ID NO:88, SEQ ID NO:89, SEQ ID NO:90 or SEQ ID NO:91; (15) 1 The 16S rDNA sequences shown in NO:106, SEQ ID NO:107, SEQ ID NO:108 or SEQ ID NO:109, (12) the 16S rDNA sequences shown in SEQ ID NO:13 or SEQ ID NO:110,(13) The 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:14, SEQ ID NO:111, SEQ ID NO:112, SEQ ID NO:113 or SEQ ID NO:114; (14) The 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:15, SEQ ID NO:115 or SEQ ID NO:116; (15) The 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:16; (16) The 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:28 or SEQ ID NO:165; (17) The 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:24, SEQ ID NO:149, SEQ ID NO:150 or SEQ ID NO:151; (18) The 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:26, SEQ ID NO:158, SEQ ID NO:159, SEQ ID NO:160, SEQ ID NO:161, SEQ ID NO:162 or SEQ ID NO:

163. The rDNA sequence, and the 16S rDNA sequence shown in (19) SEQ ID NO:27 or SEQ ID NO:164; (k)(1) The 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:1, SEQ ID NO:61, SEQ ID NO:62, SEQ ID NO:63, SEQ ID NO:64 or SEQ ID NO:65, (2) The 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:2, SEQ ID NO:66, SEQ ID NO:67, SEQ ID NO:68, SEQ ID NO:69 or SEQ ID NO:70, (3) The 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:3, SEQ ID NO:71, SEQ ID NO:72 or SEQ ID NO:73, (4) The 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:4, SEQ ID NO:74, SEQ ID NO:75, SEQ ID NO:76, SEQ ID NO:77 or SEQ ID NO:78, (5) The 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:5, SEQ ID NO:79, SEQ ID NO:80 or SEQ ID NO:81, (6) The 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:6, SEQ ID NO:65, SEQ ID NO:66, SEQ ID NO:67, SEQ ID NO:68, SEQ ID NO:69, SEQ ID NO:60 ...1, SEQ ID NO:62, SEQ ID NO:63, SEQ ID NO:64, SEQ ID NO:65, SEQ ID NO:66, SEQ ID NO:67, SEQ ID NO:68, SEQ ID NO:69, SEQ ID NO:60, SEQ ID NO:61, SEQ ID NO:69, SEQ ID NO:60, SEQ ID NO:61, SEQ ID NO:62, SEQ ID NO: (7) 16S rDNA sequences shown in SEQ ID NO:82, SEQ ID NO:83, SEQ ID NO:84, SEQ ID NO:85 or SEQ ID NO:86; (8) 16S rDNA sequences shown in SEQ ID NO:7, SEQ ID NO:87, SEQ ID NO:88, SEQ ID NO:89, SEQ ID NO:90 or SEQ ID NO:91; (9) 16S rDNA sequences shown in SEQ ID NO:8, SEQ ID NO:92, SEQ ID NO:93, SEQ ID NO:94, SEQ ID NO:95 or SEQ ID NO:96; (10) 16S rDNA sequences shown in SEQ ID NO:11 or SEQ ID NO:105; (11) 16S rDNA sequences shown in SEQ ID NO:12, SEQ ID NO:106, SEQ ID NO:86, SEQ ID NO:87, SEQ ID NO:88, SEQ ID NO:89, SEQ ID NO:90 or SEQ ID NO:91; (11) 16S rDNA sequences shown in SEQ ID NO:12, SEQ ID NO:106, SEQ ID NO:87, SEQ ID NO:88, SEQ ID NO:89, SEQ ID NO:90 or SEQ ID NO:91; (12) 16S rDNA sequences shown in SEQ ID NO:82, SEQ ID NO:83, SEQ ID NO:84, SEQ ID NO:85 or SEQ ID NO:86; (13) 16S rDNA sequences shown in SEQ ID NO:84, SEQ ID NO:85 or SEQ ID NO:86; (14) 16S rDNA sequences shown in SEQ ID NO:86, SEQ ID NO:87, SEQ ID NO:88, SEQ ID NO:89, SEQ ID NO:90 or SEQ ID NO:91; (15) 16S rDNA sequences shown The 16S rDNA sequences shown in NO:107, SEQ ID NO:108 or SEQ ID NO:109, (12) the 16S rDNA sequences shown in SEQ ID NO:13 or SEQ ID NO:110,and (13) the 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:15, SEQ ID NO:115 or SEQ ID NO:116; (l)(1) The 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:1, SEQ ID NO:61, SEQ ID NO:62, SEQ ID NO:63, SEQ ID NO:64 or SEQ ID NO:65, (2) The 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:2 or SEQ ID NO:66, SEQ ID NO:67, SEQ ID NO:68, SEQ ID NO:69, SEQ ID NO:70, (3) The 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:3, SEQ ID NO:71, SEQ ID NO:72 or SEQ ID NO:73, (4) The 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:4, SEQ ID NO:74, SEQ ID NO:75, SEQ ID NO:76, SEQ ID NO:77 or SEQ ID NO:78, (5) The 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:5, SEQ ID NO:79, SEQ ID NO:80 or SEQ ID NO:81, (6) SEQ ID NO:6, SEQ ID NO:65, SEQ ID NO:76, SEQ ID NO:77, SEQ ID NO:78, (75) SEQ ID NO:60, SEQ ID NO:79, SEQ ID NO:80 or SEQ ID NO:81, (75) SEQ ID NO:60, SEQ ID NO:79, SEQ ID NO:80 or SEQ ID NO:81, (8) SEQ ID NO:60, SEQ ID NO:79, SEQ ID NO:79, SEQ ID NO:80 or SEQ ID NO:81, (9) SEQ ID NO:60, SEQ ID NO:79, SEQ ID NO:79, SEQ ID NO:80 or SEQ ID NO:81, (10) SEQ ID NO:60, SEQ ID NO:79, SEQ ID NO:79, SEQ ID NO:80 or SEQ ID NO: (7) 16S rDNA sequences shown in SEQ ID NO:82, SEQ ID NO:83, SEQ ID NO:84, SEQ ID NO:85 or SEQ ID NO:86; (8) 16S rDNA sequences shown in SEQ ID NO:7, SEQ ID NO:87, SEQ ID NO:88, SEQ ID NO:89, SEQ ID NO:90 or SEQ ID NO:91; (9) 16S rDNA sequences shown in SEQ ID NO:8, SEQ ID NO:92, SEQ ID NO:93, SEQ ID NO:94, SEQ ID NO:95 or SEQ ID NO:96; (10) 16S rDNA sequences shown in SEQ ID NO:11 or SEQ ID NO:105; (11) SEQ ID NO:12, SEQ ID NO:86, SEQ ID NO:86, SEQ ID NO:87, SEQ ID NO:88, SEQ ID NO:89, SEQ ID NO:90 or SEQ ID NO:91; (11) 16S rDNA sequences shown in SEQ ID NO:12, SEQ ID NO:86, SEQ ID NO:86, SEQ ID NO:87, SEQ ID NO:88, SEQ ID NO:89, SEQ ID NO:90 or SEQ ID NO:91; (12) 16S rDNA sequences shown in SEQ ID NO:82, SEQ ID NO:83, SEQ ID NO:84, SEQ ID NO:85 or SEQ ID NO:86; (13) 16S rDNA sequences shown in SEQ ID NO:11 or SEQ ID NO:105; (14) 16S rDNA sequences shown in SEQ ID NO:12, SEQ ID NO:86, SEQ ID NO:86, SEQ ID NO:87, SEQ ID NO:88, SEQ ID NO:89, SEQ ID NO:90 or SEQ ID NO:91; (15) 1 The 16S rDNA sequences shown in NO:106, SEQ ID NO:107, SEQ ID NO:108 or SEQ ID NO:109, (12) the 16S rDNA sequences shown in SEQ ID NO:13 or SEQ ID NO:110,(13) The 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:14, SEQ ID NO:111, SEQ ID NO:112, SEQ ID NO:113 or SEQ ID NO:114, (14) The 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:15, SEQ ID NO:115 or SEQ ID NO:116, (15) The 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:16, (16) The 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:17, SEQ ID NO:121, SEQ ID NO:122, SEQ ID NO:123 or SEQ ID NO:124, (17) The 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:21 or SEQ ID NO:133, (18) The 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:22 or SEQ ID NO:134, and (19) SEQ ID NO:23, SEQ ID NO:135, SEQ ID NO:136, SEQ ID NO:134 ... The 16S rDNA sequences shown in SEQ ID NO:137, SEQ ID NO:138, SEQ ID NO:139, SEQ ID NO:140, SEQ ID NO:141, SEQ ID NO:142, SEQ ID NO:143, SEQ ID NO:144, SEQ ID NO:145, SEQ ID NO:146, SEQ ID NO:147, or SEQ ID NO:148; or, (m)(1) The 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:1, SEQ ID NO:61, SEQ ID NO:62, SEQ ID NO:63, SEQ ID NO:64 or SEQ ID NO:65, (2) The 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:2, SEQ ID NO:66, SEQ ID NO:67, SEQ ID NO:68, SEQ ID NO:69 or SEQ ID NO:70, (3) The 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:3, SEQ ID NO:71, SEQ ID NO:72 or SEQ ID NO:73, (4) The 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:29, SEQ ID NO:32, SEQ ID NO:33, SEQ ID NO:34, SEQ ID NO:35, SEQ ID NO:36 or SEQ ID NO:37, (5) The 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:5, SEQ ID NO:79, SEQ ID NO:80 or SEQ ID NO:81, (6) SEQ (7) 16S rDNA sequences shown in SEQ ID NO:6, SEQ ID NO:82, SEQ ID NO:83, SEQ ID NO:84, SEQ ID NO:85 or SEQ ID NO:86; (8) 16S rDNA sequences shown in SEQ ID NO:7, SEQ ID NO:87, SEQ ID NO:88, SEQ ID NO:89, SEQ ID NO:90 or SEQ ID NO:91; (9) 16S rDNA sequences shown in SEQ ID NO:8, SEQ ID NO:92, SEQ ID NO:93, SEQ ID NO:94, SEQ ID NO:95 or SEQ ID NO:96; (10) 16S rDNA sequences shown in SEQ ID NO:10, SEQ ID NO:100, SEQ ID NO:101, SEQ ID NO:102, SEQ ID NO:103 or SEQ ID NO:

104. rDNA sequences, (11) the 16S rDNA sequences shown in SEQ ID NO:12, SEQ ID NO:106, SEQ ID NO:107, SEQ ID NO:108 or SEQ ID NO:109,(12) The 16S rDNA sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:14, SEQ ID NO:111, SEQ ID NO:112, SEQ ID NO:113 or SEQ ID NO:114, (13) SEQ ID NO:25, SEQ ID NO:50, SEQ ID NO:51, SEQ ID NO:52, SEQ ID NO:53, SEQ ID NO:54, SEQ ID The 16S rDNA sequence shown in NO:55, SEQ ID NO:56, SEQ ID NO:57, SEQ ID NO:58, SEQ ID NO:59, SEQ ID NO:60, SEQ ID NO:152, SEQ ID NO:153, SEQ ID NO:154, SEQ ID NO:155, SEQ ID NO:156 or SEQ ID NO:157, (14) SEQ ID NO:26, SEQ ID NO:158, SEQ ID NO:159, SEQ ID NO:160, SEQ ID NO:161, SEQ ID The 16S rDNA sequences shown in NO:162 or SEQ ID NO:163, (15) the 16S rDNA sequences shown in SEQ ID NO:30, SEQ ID NO:38, SEQ ID NO:39, SEQ ID NO:40, SEQ ID NO:41, SEQ ID NO:42, SEQ ID NO:43, SEQ ID NO:44, SEQ ID NO:166, SEQ ID NO:167, SEQ ID NO:168, SEQ ID NO:169, SEQ ID NO:170, SEQ ID NO:171 or SEQ ID NO:172, and (16) the 16S rDNA sequences shown in SEQ ID NO:31, SEQ ID NO:45, SEQ ID NO:46, SEQ ID NO:47, SEQ ID NO:48, SEQ ID NO:49, SEQ ID NO:173, SEQ ID NO:174, SEQ ID NO:175, SEQ ID NO:176 or SEQ ID NO:

177.

72. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 71, wherein, Following administration, the colonization of pathogenic microorganisms in the subject's gastrointestinal tract is reduced or prevented.

73. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 72, wherein, Following administration, the abundance of pathogenic microorganisms in the gastrointestinal tract of the subjects was reduced.

74. The method of claim 72 or 73, wherein the pathogenic microorganism comprises Enterococcus faecalis (e.g., vancomycin-resistant), some Enterococcus spp., Klebsiella pneumoniae (e.g., carbapenem-resistant), Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, some Enterobacter spp., Enterococcus faecalis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Klebsiella pneumoniae, some Streptococcus spp., or a combination thereof.

75. The method of any one of claims 1 to 74, wherein the plurality of bacteria further comprises an additional bacterial species having one or more of the following characteristics: (1) capable of transplantation (long-term and / or short-term) when administered to a subject; (2) capable of having anti-inflammatory activity (e.g., the ability to inhibit TNF-α-driven IL-8 secretion in in vitro epithelial cells and downregulate the expression of inflammatory genes (e.g., CXCL1, CXCL2, CXCL3, CXCL11, ICAM1)); (3) not capable of inducing pro-inflammatory activity; (4) capable of producing secondary bile acids (e.g., 7α-dehydroxylase and bile salt hydrolase activity); (5) capable of producing tryptophan metabolites (e.g., indole, 3-methylindole). (6) Can restore epithelial integrity, as determined by primary epithelial cell monolayer barrier integrity assay; (7) Can produce short-chain fatty acids (e.g., butyrate, propionate); (8) Can inhibit HDAC activity; (9) Can produce medium-chain fatty acids (e.g., valerate, hexanoate); (10) Can express catalase activity; (11) Can have α-fucosidase activity; (12) Can produce B vitamins (e.g., thiamine (B1) and / or pyridoxine (B6)); (13) Can reduce fecal calprotectin levels; (14) Cannot activate Toll-like receptor pathways (e.g., TLR4 or TLR5); (15) Can activate Toll-like receptors. Pathways (e.g., TLR2); (16) able to restore colonization resistance; (17) able to utilize carbon sources extensively; (18) able to reduce VRE pathogen carrying; (19) able to reduce CRE pathogen carrying; (20) able to reduce E. coli pathogen carrying; (21) able to reduce the expression of sealing protein-2; (22) able to be associated with the gut microbiota of healthy individuals; (23) able to be unrelated to toxins and hemolysin genes associated with Clostridium pathogens and have no significant cytopathic effect in vitro; (24) sensitive to a variety of clinically relevant antibiotics; (25) able to be unrelated to genes that may be responsible for observed antibiotic resistance and transmissible genes; (26) able to inhibit epithelial cell apoptosis; (27) able to lower Regulate one or more genes induced in IFN-γ-treated colonic organoids (e.g., those associated with inflammatory chemokine signaling, NF-κB signaling, TNF family signaling, type I interferon signaling, type II interferon signaling, TLR signaling, lymphocyte transport, Th17 cell differentiation, Th1 differentiation, Th2 differentiation, apoptosis, inflammasomes, autophagy, oxidative stress, MHC class I and II antigen presentation, complement, mTor, nod-like receptor signaling, PI3K signaling, or combinations thereof); (28) be able to reduce the expression of one or more inhibitory receptors (e.g., TIGIT, TIM-3, or LAG-3) on CD8+ T cells;(29) Can increase the expression of one or more genes / proteins (e.g., CD45RO, CD69, IL-24, TNF-α, perforin, or IFN-γ) associated with CD8+ T cell activation and / or function; (30) Can enhance and / or improve tolerance to chemotherapeutic agents; (31) Can enhance the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy; (32) Can promote the recruitment of CD8+ T cells to tumors; (33) Can induce an anti-inflammatory IL-10-skewed IL-10 / IL-6 cytokine ratio in macrophages; (34) Can induce a higher ratio in macrophages than donor-derived spore-based compositions (i.e., spore-based... (35) The combination of spores (e.g., less inflammatory response but similar pathogen defense response); (36) can increase the amount of anti-inflammatory mediators (e.g., IL-1 receptor antagonists (IL-1RA), IL-4, IL-10, IL-11, IL-13, TGF-β); (37) can alleviate colonic inflammation; (38) can treat and / or prevent diseases or conditions, such as those associated with gastrointestinal dysbiosis; (39) can increase the diversity of the gastrointestinal microbiome in subjects; (40) can improve the integrity of the mucosal and / or epithelial barrier in subjects compared with reference controls (e.g., untreated patients or subjects before treatment); It can promote mucosal healing; (41) reduce the incidence of infection; (42) reduce the need for antibiotics in subjects; (43) reduce the abundance of biomarkers of infection in subjects' feces; (44) increase the abundance of biomarkers of the applied species in subjects' feces; (45) target and deliver most (e.g., 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, 99.5%, 99.6%, 99.7%, 99.8%, or 99.9% of the applied species relative to the number of colony-forming units applied) or all of the applied species to the subjects. The composition is intended to produce a therapeutic benefit after a single administration to a subject of the composition or pharmaceutical composition described herein; (46) be able to be co-administered with other agents described herein without substantially reducing the therapeutic benefit of the administered species; (47) be able to be co-administered with carriers or excipients described herein without substantially reducing the therapeutic benefit of the administered species; (48) be able to be co-administered with carriers or excipients described herein without substantially reducing the therapeutic benefit of the administered species; (49) be able to utilize lactulose; (50) contain a lanthanum antibiotic operon; (51) be able to be associated with reduced abundance in patients with liver disease (e.g., cirrhosis); or (52) any combination thereof.

76. The method of any one of claims 1 to 75, wherein each of the plurality of bacteria is capable of forming spores.

77. The method of any one of claims 1 to 76, wherein each of the plurality of bacteria is in spore form.

78. The method of any one of claims 1 to 77, wherein each of the plurality of bacteria is not a vegetative cell.

79. The method of any one of claims 1 to 78, wherein the composition further comprises a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.

80. The method of any one of claims 1 to 79, wherein the composition is administered orally to the subject.

81. The method of any one of claims 1 to 80, further comprising administering an additional agent to the subject.

82. The method of claim 81, wherein the additional agent is applied simultaneously or sequentially with the composition.

83. The method of claim 81 or 82, wherein the additional agent comprises standard care.

84. The method of claim 83, wherein the standard care comprises lactulose, rifaximin, or both.

85. A composition comprising multiple bacteria, wherein the multiple bacteria comprise a first bacterial species and a second bacterial species, wherein the first species and the second species are not identical, and wherein the first species and the second species are independently selected from *Anaerobic Cocci*, *Brutella sphaeroides*, *Brutella hominis*, *Brutella ovalis*, *Brutella westermani*, *Butylococcus* sp2, *Clostridium auderii*, *Clostridium difficile*, *Clostridium scintillans*, *Clostridium scintillans*, *Clostridium scintillans*, *Clostridium symbioticum*, *Dorrelia longiformis*, *Eisenberger tyrosi*, *Timonis emergencytia*, *Clostridium erysipelas*, *Eubacterium calciferum*, *Faecalicatena cortorta*, *Faecalicatena orotica*, *Flavobacterium previae*, *Hungatella effluvii*, *Enteromonas butyrate-producing*, *Enteromonas masei*, *Lactobacillus longiformis*, *Lawsonia* sp7, *Massilimaliae timonensis*, *Murimonas* intestini, Niameybacter sp1, Ruminococcus NG13 sp6, or Turicibacter sanguinis.

86. A composition comprising multiple bacteria, wherein the multiple bacteria comprise a first bacterial species and a second bacterial species, wherein the first species and the second species are not the same, and wherein the first species and the second species are independently selected from harmless Clostridium, Clostridium difficile, Flavobacterium previae, Brukerella spp., Anaerobic cocci, Murimonas intestini, Clostridium erysipelas, Faecalicatena orotica, Clostridium auderii, or Eisenbergella tauridini.

87. The composition of claim 86, wherein the plurality of bacteria further comprises Timonesh Bacillus.

88. The composition of claim 86 or 87, wherein the plurality of bacteria further comprises butyrate-producing Enterococcus, symbiotic Clostridium, scintillans, and / or Timonesh Emergency Bacteria.

89. The composition of any one of claims 86 to 87, wherein the plurality of bacteria further comprises Faecalicatena cortorta and / or Elongated ovoid lactone-producing bacteria.

90. The composition of any one of claims 86 to 89, wherein the plurality of bacteria further comprises Massilimaliae timonensis, Hungatella effluvii and / or Butycoccus sp2.

91. The composition of any one of claims 86 to 90, wherein the plurality of bacteria further comprises Enterococcus masei, Niameybacter sp1 and / or Turicibacter sanguinis.

92. The composition of any one of claims 86 to 91, wherein the plurality of bacteria further comprises Ruminococcus family NG13 sp6.

93. The composition of any one of claims 86 to 92, wherein the plurality of bacteria further comprises *Dorrelia longiformis*.

94. The composition of any one of claims 86 to 93, wherein the plurality of bacteria further comprises Brontë ovaliformis.

95. The composition of any one of claims 86 to 94, wherein the plurality of bacteria further comprises Lawsonia spp. sp7.

96. The composition of any one of claims 86 to 95, wherein the plurality of bacteria further comprises *Brutella humanis*.

97. The composition of any one of claims 86 to 96, wherein the plurality of bacteria further comprises *Brutella westermani*.

98. The composition of any one of claims 86 to 97, wherein the plurality of bacteria further comprises Eubacterium karyotes.

99. A composition comprising multiple bacteria, wherein the multiple bacteria comprise a first bacterial species and a second bacterial species, wherein the first species and the second species are not the same, and wherein the first species and the second species independently comprise SEQ ID NO:5, SEQ ID NO:79, SEQ ID NO:80, SEQ ID NO:81, SEQ ID NO:4, SEQ ID NO:74, SEQ ID NO:75, SEQ ID NO:76, SEQ ID NO:77, SEQ ID NO:78, SEQ ID NO:26, SEQ ID NO:158, SEQ ID NO:159, SEQ ID NO:160, SEQ ID NO:161, SEQ ID NO:162, SEQ ID NO:163, SEQ ID NO:20, SEQ ID NO:132, SEQ ID NO:10, SEQ ID NO:100, SEQ ID NO:101, SEQ ID NO:10266, SEQ ID NO:10367, SEQ ID NO:10468 ...368, SEQ ID NO:10266, SEQ ID NO NO:69, SEQ ID NO:70, SEQ ID NO:1, SEQ ID NO:14, SEQ ID NO:111, SEQ ID NO:112, SEQ ID NO:113, SEQ ID NO:114, SEQ ID NO:13, SEQ ID NO:110, SEQ ID NO:25, SEQ ID NO:50, SEQ ID NO:51, SEQ ID NO:52, SEQ ID NO:53, SEQ ID NO:54, SEQ ID NO:55, SEQ ID NO:56, SEQ ID NO:57, SEQ ID NO:58, SEQ ID NO:59, SEQ ID NO:60, SEQ ID NO:152, SEQ ID NO:153, SEQ ID NO:154, SEQ ID NO:155, SEQ ID NO:156, SEQ ID NO:157, SEQ ID NO:12, SEQ ID NO:106, SEQ ID NO:107, SEQ ID NO:108, SEQ ID NO:109, SEQ ID NO: 9, SEQ ID NO: 97, SEQ ID NO: 98, SEQ ID NO: 99, SEQ ID NO: 15, SEQ ID NO: 115, SEQ ID NO: 116, SEQ ID NO: 7, SEQ ID NO: 87, SEQID NO:88, SEQ ID NO:89, SEQ ID NO:90, or SEQ ID NO:91, SEQ ID NO:16, SEQ ID NO:8, SEQ ID NO:92, SEQ ID NO:93, SEQ ID NO:94, SEQ ID NO:95, SEQ ID NO:96, SEQ ID NO:3, SEQ ID NO:71, SEQ ID NO:72, SEQ ID NO:73, SEQ ID NO:19, SEQ ID NO:126, SEQ ID NO:127, SEQ ID NO:128, SEQ ID NO:129, SEQ ID NO:130, SEQ ID NO:131, SEQ ID NO:11, SEQ ID NO:105, SEQ ID NO:21, SEQ ID NO:133, SEQ ID NO:17, SEQ ID NO:121, SEQ ID NO:122, SEQ ID NO:123, SEQ ID NO:124, SEQ ID NO:28, SEQ ID NO:27, SEQ ID NO:164, SEQ ID NO:18, SEQ ID NO:125, SEQ ID NO:6, SEQ ID NO:82, SEQ ID NO:83, SEQ ID NO:84, SEQ ID NO:85, SEQ ID NO:86, SEQ ID NO:22, SEQ ID NO:134, SEQ ID NO:24, SEQ ID NO:149, SEQ ID NO:150, SEQ ID NO:151, SEQ ID NO:23, SEQ ID NO:135, SEQ ID NO:136, SEQ ID NO:137, SEQ ID NO:138, SEQ ID NO:139, SEQ ID NO:140, SEQ ID NO:141, SEQ ID NO:142, SEQ ID NO:143, SEQ ID NO:144, SEQ ID NO:145, SEQ ID NO:146, SEQ ID NO:147, SEQ ID NO:148, SEQ ID NO:29, SEQ ID NO:32, SEQ ID NO:33, SEQ ID NO:34, SEQ ID NO:35, SEQ ID NO:36, or SEQ ID NO:37, SEQ ID NO:30, SEQ ID NO:38, SEQ ID NO:39, SEQ ID NO:40, SEQ ID NO:41, SEQ IDThe sequences shown in any one of SEQ ID NO:42, SEQ ID NO:43, SEQ ID NO:44, SEQ ID NO:166, SEQ ID NO:167, SEQ ID NO:168, SEQ ID NO:169, SEQ ID NO:170, SEQ ID NO:171, SEQ ID NO:172, SEQ ID NO:31, SEQ ID NO:45, SEQ ID NO:46, SEQ ID NO:47, SEQ ID NO:48, SEQ ID NO:49, SEQ ID NO:173, SEQ ID NO:174, SEQ ID NO:175, SEQ ID NO:176, or SEQ ID NO:177 are 16S rDNA sequences having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity.

100. A composition comprising multiple bacteria, wherein the multiple bacteria comprise a first bacterial species and a second bacterial species, wherein the first species and the second species are not the same, and wherein the first species and / or the second species comprise the species of SEQ ID NO:1, SEQ ID NO:61, SEQ ID NO:62, SEQ ID NO:63, SEQ ID NO:64, SEQ ID NO:65, SEQ ID NO:2, SEQ ID NO:66, SEQ ID NO:67, SEQ ID NO:68, SEQ ID NO:69, SEQ ID NO:70, SEQ ID NO:3, SEQ ID NO:71, SEQ ID NO:72, SEQ ID NO:73, SEQ ID NO:4, SEQ ID NO:74, SEQ ID NO:75, SEQ ID NO:76, SEQ ID NO:77, SEQ ID NO:78, SEQ ID NO:5, SEQ ID NO:79, SEQ ID NO:80, SEQ ID NO:81, SEQ ID NO:6, SEQ ID NO:82, SEQ ID NO:83, SEQ ID NO:8 ... The sequences shown in any one of SEQ ID NO:83, SEQ ID NO:84, SEQ ID NO:85, SEQ ID NO:86, SEQ ID NO:7, SEQ ID NO:87, SEQ ID NO:88, SEQ ID NO:89, SEQ ID NO:90, SEQ ID NO:91, SEQ ID NO:8, SEQ ID NO:92, SEQ ID NO:93, SEQ ID NO:94, SEQ ID NO:95, SEQ ID NO:96, SEQ ID NO:10, SEQ ID NO:100, SEQ ID NO:101, SEQ ID NO:102, SEQ ID NO:103, SEQ ID NO:104, SEQ ID NO:12, SEQ ID NO:106, SEQ ID NO:107, SEQ ID NO:108, or SEQ ID NO:109 are 16S rDNA sequences having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity.

101. The composition of claim 100, wherein the plurality of bacteria further comprises a 16S rDNA sequence having at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:9, SEQ ID NO:97, SEQ ID NO:98, or SEQ ID NO:

99.

102. The composition of claim 100 or 101, wherein the plurality of bacteria further comprises: (a) A 16S rDNA sequence having at least 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:11 or SEQ ID NO:

105. (b) A 16S rDNA sequence having at least 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:13 or SEQ ID NO:

110. (c) A 16S rDNA sequence having at least 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:14, SEQ ID NO:111, SEQ ID NO:112, SEQ ID NO:113, or SEQ ID NO:114, and / or (d) A 16S rDNA sequence having at least 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:15, SEQ ID NO:115, or SEQ ID NO:

116.

103. The composition of any one of claims 100 to 102, wherein the plurality of bacteria further comprises: (a) A 16S rDNA sequence having at least 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:16, and / or (b) A 16S rDNA sequence having at least 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:17, SEQ ID NO:121, SEQ ID NO:122, SEQ ID NO:123, SEQ ID NO:124, SEQ ID NO:28, or SEQ ID NO:

165.

104. The composition of any one of claims 100 to 103, wherein the plurality of bacteria further comprises: (a) A 16S rDNA sequence having at least 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:18 or SEQ ID NO:

125. (b) A 16S rDNA sequence having at least 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:19, SEQ ID NO:126, SEQ ID NO:127, SEQ ID NO:128, SEQ ID NO:129, SEQ ID NO:130, or SEQ ID NO:131, and / or (c) A 16S rDNA sequence having at least 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:20 or SEQ ID NO:

132.

105. The composition of any one of claims 96 to 100, wherein the plurality of bacteria further comprises: (a) A 16S rDNA sequence having at least 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:21 or SEQ ID NO:

133. (b) A 16S rDNA sequence having at least 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:22 or SEQ ID NO:134, and / or (c) A 16S rDNA sequence having at least 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:23, SEQ ID NO:135, SEQ ID NO:136, SEQ ID NO:137, SEQ ID NO:138, SEQ ID NO:139, SEQ ID NO:140, SEQ ID NO:141, SEQ ID NO:142, SEQ ID NO:143, SEQ ID NO:144, SEQ ID NO:145, SEQ ID NO:146, SEQ ID NO:147, or SEQ ID NO:

148.

106. The composition of any one of claims 96 to 101, wherein the plurality of bacteria further comprises a 16S rDNA sequence having at least 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:24, SEQ ID NO:149, SEQ ID NO:150, or SEQ ID NO:

151.

107. The composition of any one of claims 100 to 106, wherein the plurality of bacteria further comprises a 16S rDNA sequence having at least 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:25, SEQ ID NO:50, SEQ ID NO:51, SEQ ID NO:52, SEQ ID NO:53, SEQ ID NO:54, SEQ ID NO:55, SEQ ID NO:56, SEQ ID NO:57, SEQ ID NO:58, SEQ ID NO:59, SEQ ID NO:60, SEQ ID NO:152, SEQ ID NO:153, SEQ ID NO:154, SEQ ID NO:155, SEQ ID NO:156, or SEQ ID NO:

157.

108. The composition of any one of claims 100 to 107, wherein the plurality of bacteria further comprises a 16S rDNA sequence having at least 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:26, SEQ ID NO:158, SEQ ID NO:159, SEQ ID NO:160, SEQ ID NO:161, SEQ ID NO:162, or SEQ ID NO:

163.

109. The composition of any one of claims 100 to 108, wherein the plurality of bacteria further comprises a 16S rDNA sequence having at least 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:27 or SEQ ID NO:

164.

110. The composition of any one of claims 100 to 109, wherein the plurality of bacteria further comprises: (a) A 16S rDNA sequence having at least 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence shown in any one of SEQ ID NO:29, SEQ ID NO:32, SEQ ID NO:33, SEQ ID NO:34, SEQ ID NO:35, SEQ ID NO:36, or SEQ ID NO:37; (b) A 16S rDNA sequence having at least 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence shown in any one of SEQ ID NO:30, SEQ ID NO:38, SEQ ID NO:39, SEQ ID NO:40, SEQ ID NO:41, SEQ ID NO:42, SEQ ID NO:43, SEQ ID NO:44, SEQ ID NO:166, SEQ ID NO:167, SEQ ID NO:168, SEQ ID NO:169, SEQ ID NO:170, SEQ ID NO:171, or SEQ ID NO:172; and / or (c) A 16S rDNA sequence having at least 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, or at least about 99% sequence identity with the sequence shown in any one of SEQ ID NO:31, SEQ ID NO:45, SEQ ID NO:46, SEQ ID NO:47, SEQ ID NO:48, SEQ ID NO:49, SEQ ID NO:173, SEQ ID NO:174, SEQ ID NO:175, SEQ ID NO:176, or SEQ ID NO:

177.

111. The composition of any one of claims 85 to 110, wherein the plurality of bacteria further comprises an additional bacterial species having one or more of the following characteristics: (1) capable of transplantation (long-term and / or short-term) when administered to a subject; (2) capable of possessing anti-inflammatory activity (e.g., the ability to inhibit TNF-α-driven IL-8 secretion in in vitro epithelial cells and downregulate the expression of inflammatory genes (e.g., CXCL1, CXCL2, CXCL3, CXCL11, ICAM1)); (3) not inducing pro-inflammatory activity; (4) capable of producing secondary bile acids (e.g., 7α-dehydroxylase and bile salt hydrolase activity). (5) Capable of producing tryptophan metabolites (e.g., indole, 3-methylindole, indolepropionic acid); (6) Capable of restoring and / or maintaining epithelial integrity (e.g., as determined by primary epithelial cell monolayer barrier integrity assay); (7) Capable of producing short-chain fatty acids (e.g., butyrate, propionate); (8) Capable of inhibiting HDAC activity; (9) Capable of producing medium-chain fatty acids (e.g., valerate, hexanoate); (10) Capable of expressing catalase activity; (11) Capable of possessing α-fucosidase activity; (12) Capable of producing B vitamins (e.g., thiamine (B1) and / or pyridoxine (B6)); (13) Capable of lowering (14) Low fecal calprotectin levels; (15) Inability to activate Toll-like receptor pathways (e.g., TLR4 or TLR5); (16) Ability to activate Toll-like receptor pathways (e.g., TLR2); (17) Ability to restore colonization resistance; (18) Ability to utilize carbon sources extensively; (19) Ability to reduce VRE pathogen carrying; (20) Ability to reduce CRE pathogen carrying; (21) Ability to reduce Escherichia coli pathogen carrying; (22) Ability to reduce the expression of sealing protein-2; (23) Ability to be associated with the gut microbiota of healthy individuals; (24) Ability to be unrelated to toxins and hemolysin genes associated with Clostridium pathogens and toxins not present in vitro. Significant cytopathic effects; (24) sensitivity to multiple clinically relevant antibiotics; (25) ability to be unrelated to genes that may be responsible for observed antibiotic resistance and transmissible genes; (26) ability to inhibit epithelial cell apoptosis; (27) ability to downregulate one or more genes induced in IFN-γ-treated colonic organoids (e.g., those associated with inflammatory chemokine signaling, NF-κB signaling, TNF family signaling, type I interferon signaling, type II interferon signaling, TLR signaling, lymphocyte transport, Th17 cell differentiation, Th1 differentiation, Th2 differentiation, apoptosis, inflammasomes, autophagy, oxidative stress, MHC class I and II antigen presentation, complement, mTor, nod-like receptor signaling, PI3K signaling, or combinations thereof); (28) ability to reduce the expression of one or more inhibitory receptors (e.g., TIGIT, TIM-3, or LAG-3) on CD8+ T cells;(29) Can increase the expression of one or more genes / proteins (e.g., CD45RO, CD69, IL-24, TNF-α, perforin, or IFN-γ) associated with CD8+ T cell activation and / or function; (30) Can enhance and / or improve tolerance to chemotherapeutic agents; (31) Can enhance the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy; (32) Can promote the recruitment of CD8+ T cells to tumors; (33) Can induce an anti-inflammatory IL-10-skewed IL-10 / IL-6 cytokine ratio in macrophages; (34) Can induce a higher ratio in macrophages than donor-derived spore-based compositions (i.e., spore-based... (35) The combination of spores (e.g., less inflammatory response but similar pathogen defense response); (36) can increase the amount of anti-inflammatory mediators (e.g., IL-1 receptor antagonists (IL-1RA), IL-4, IL-10, IL-11, IL-13, TGF-β); (37) can alleviate colonic inflammation; (38) can treat and / or prevent diseases or conditions, such as those associated with gastrointestinal dysbiosis; (39) can increase the diversity of the gastrointestinal microbiome in subjects; (40) can improve the integrity of the mucosal and / or epithelial barrier in subjects compared with reference controls (e.g., untreated patients or subjects before treatment); It can promote mucosal healing; (41) reduce the incidence of infection; (42) reduce the need for antibiotics in subjects; (43) reduce the abundance of biomarkers of infection in subjects' feces; (44) increase the abundance of biomarkers of the applied species in subjects' feces; (45) target and deliver most (e.g., 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, 99.5%, 99.6%, 99.7%, 99.8%, or 99.9% of the applied species relative to the number of colony-forming units applied) or all of the applied species to the subjects. The composition is intended to produce a therapeutic benefit after a single administration to a subject of the composition or pharmaceutical composition described herein; (46) be able to be co-administered with other agents described herein without substantially reducing the therapeutic benefit of the administered species; (47) be able to be co-administered with carriers or excipients described herein without substantially reducing the therapeutic benefit of the administered species; (48) be able to be co-administered with carriers or excipients described herein without substantially reducing the therapeutic benefit of the administered species; (49) be able to utilize lactulose; (50) contain a lanthanum antibiotic operon; (51) be able to be associated with reduced abundance in patients with liver disease (e.g., cirrhosis); or (52) any combination thereof.

112. The composition of any one of claims 85 to 11, wherein each of the plurality of bacteria is capable of forming spores.

113. The composition of any one of claims 85 to 112, wherein each of the plurality of bacteria is in spore form.

114. The composition of any one of claims 85 to 113, wherein each of the plurality of bacteria is not a vegetative cell.

115. The composition of any one of claims 85 to 114, wherein the composition further comprises a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.

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