Method for prolonging flowering periods of potted flowers and cut flowers of kaffir lily

Abstract

The invention provides a method for prolonging flowering periods of potted flowers and cut flowers of kaffir lily, which comprises the following steps: S1, mixing coco coir, perlite and decomposed sheep manure according to a volume ratio of 3: 1: 0.5, with the particle size of coco coir being 2-5mm, the particle size of perlite being 3-5mm, and the organic matter content of the decomposed sheep manure being greater than or equal to 25%; the method comprises the following steps: mixing coco coir, perlite and decomposed sheep manure, mixing, sieving, and adjusting the pH value of the mixed matrix to 6.0-6.5 by using a citric acid solution or a sodium hydroxide solution to obtain the improved matrix. Aiming at the potted flower of kaffir lily, the limitation that the traditional matrix is single and water management depends on experience is broken through, and the improved matrix is formed by proportioning coco coir, perlite and decomposed sheep manure; continuous nutrition is provided by rotten sheep manure, and meanwhile, the pH value of the substrate is accurately regulated and controlled to a suitable range, so that the problems that traditional garden soil is easy to harden and unbalanced in fertility are solved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the cultivation technology field of Clivia, in particular to a method for prolonging the flowering period of Clivia pot flowers and cut flowers. BACKGROUND

[0002] As a rare ornamental flower, Clivia pot flowers are widely used in home gardening and indoor decoration due to their elegant plant type, emerald green leaves and beautiful flowers. Cut flowers also occupy an important position in the fresh-cut flower market due to their relatively long flowering period and high ornamental value. Whether it is a pot flower or a cut flower, the length of the flowering period directly determines its ornamental and economic value. A short flowering period of pot flowers will reduce the satisfaction of home care, and a short vase period of cut flowers will increase the cost of flower shop loss. Although many technologies have been developed to prolong the flowering period of Clivia, there are still problems such as poor substrate adaptability, unclear environmental regulation and unsystematic operation process, which make it difficult to balance the effect of prolonging the flowering period and practicality. It is urgent to propose more accurate solutions for the physiological characteristics of Clivia (such as root system likes to breathe and hates waterlogging, flower arrow development is sensitive to temperature and light, cut flowers are easy to lose water and decay due to blocked vessels, etc.).

[0003] In the existing disclosed patents, the technical solutions for extending the flowering period or cultivation management of Clivia have obvious defects: the patent number CN106665154A "A management method for promoting early flowering of potted Clivia" attempts to extend the flowering period by methods such as soaking the root system with deep red spiral bacteria secretion extract, covering the leaves with red polyethylene film, and irrigating with potassium clavulanic acid, but does not specify the substrate formula and pH control parameters, relies on traditional rotten leaf soil cultivation, which is prone to problems such as substrate hardening and uneven release of fertility, and the light intensity (50-3600Lx) and temperature (20-22℃) are not fine-tuned for the key period of flower arrow sprouting, which may cause flower arrow lodging or plant metabolic disorder, and the frequent operation of moving the plant out for soaking the extract also increases the risk of root mechanical damage; the patent number CN109247365A "A preservative solution for extending the life of cut flowers and its application" only adjusts the pH to 4.0-4.5 by using a preservative solution containing sucrose (1-20g / L), citric acid (0.1-1g / L), and a fungicide to extend the vase period, completely missing the flower stem base treatment step, and not using warm water to soak the base, or secondary stem cutting in water to prevent blockage, which is prone to water absorption obstacles due to flower stem vessel blockage or air embolism, and the temperature, light intensity, and preservative solution replacement frequency of the vase environment are not specified, the preservative effect is too dependent on a single preservative solution, and additional plant hormones (such as abscisic acid) are needed, which increases the cost and complexity of operation; the patent number CN106105615A "A cultivation method for Clivia" mainly focuses on seed germination and plant growth, and achieves the cultivation goal by soaking seeds in warm water, disinfecting with a salt solution, using fine sand to retain water, and spraying nutrient solution, and proposes precise control strategies for temperature and light during the flower arrow sprouting period (2-3cm), but the water management only adjusts the watering frequency according to the environmental temperature, without combining with the actual substrate humidity detection (such as specific depth humidity threshold), which is prone to root oxygen deficiency and root rot or drought stress, and does not mention the number of functional leaves to be retained during leaf pruning and tool disinfection measures, which may cause wound infection and affect the flowering period.

[0004] In view of the above-mentioned defects of the existing technology in the management of Clivia pot flower substrate, water and environmental regulation, as well as the defects of cut flower harvesting, preservative solution formula and vase management, the present invention is based on the physiological characteristics of Clivia, and designs a systematic technical solution for pot flowers and cut flowers, which can effectively solve the core problems of substrate hardening, parameter ambiguity, complex operation, and poor preservative effect in the existing technology. SUMMARY

[0005] Technical problems solved In view of the deficiencies of the existing technology, the present invention provides a method for extending the flowering period of Clivia pot flowers and cut flowers, which solves the defects of the existing technology in the management of Clivia pot flower substrate, water and environmental regulation, as well as the defects of cut flower harvesting, preservative solution formula and vase management.

[0006] Technical solution To achieve the above object, the present application is implemented by the following technical solution: A method for prolonging the flowering period of Clivia pot flowers, comprising the following steps: S1, mix coconut husk, perlite and composted sheep manure in a volume ratio of 3:1:0.5, the coconut husk has a particle size of 2-5 mm, the perlite has a particle size of 3-5 mm, and the composted sheep manure has an organic matter content of ≥25%; after mixing, sieve and adjust the pH of the mixed substrate to 6.0-6.5 with a citric acid solution or a sodium hydroxide solution to obtain an improved substrate; S2, select healthy Clivia seedlings, plant them in pots with side holes, and clean the side holes of the pots before planting; lay the pot with ceramic balls and fill the improved substrate, and the planting depth is such that the pseudobulb is exposed 1 / 2 above the substrate surface, and pour the rooting water thoroughly; S3, regularly detect the substrate humidity with a portable soil humidity meter, clean the soil humidity meter probe and insert it into the substrate to a depth of 2-3 cm; when the substrate humidity is ≤20%, use a graduated water jug to quantitatively water; spray 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution twice a month for foliar fertilization; when the flower arrow is 2-3 cm long, control the environmental temperature at 15-20℃, provide appropriate scattered light for 4-6 hours per day, and regularly prune the lower aging leaves, leaving 4-5 healthy functional leaves, and disinfect the pruning tool before use.

[0007] Preferably, in S1, the composted sheep manure is prepared by high-temperature composting, and the temperature of the composting process is controlled to maintain a medium-high temperature suitable for composting for a certain period of time to ensure sufficient composting of the sheep manure; when adjusting the pH, the concentrations of the citric acid solution and the sodium hydroxide solution are both suitable concentrations for adjusting the pH of the substrate, and the solution is added while stirring the mixed substrate, and the pH value is monitored in real time with a pH meter.

[0008] Preferably, in S3, the 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution is sprayed at a time when there is no strong light in the morning or afternoon, and the leaves are sprayed evenly on both sides to form fine water droplets on the leaf surface without dripping; the disinfection method of the pruning tool is a conventional horticultural tool disinfection method, and conventional anti-infection measures can be taken at the leaf wound after pruning.

[0009] A method for prolonging the flowering period of Clivia cut flowers, comprising the following steps: S1, when the flowers are in a semi-open state, cut the flower stem at 45° with a sterilized scissors in the morning after the dew dries, leaving 2-3 bud points at the base of the flower stem; immediately place the cut flowers in a container wrapped with wet gauze after harvesting to avoid direct sunlight, and perform the next step within 30 minutes; S2, immediately immerse the base of the flower stem in warm water at 30-35℃, and cut the base of the flower stem again with a sterilized scissors in the water to a small length, soak for 5 minutes, and then take out and drain. S3, dissolve sucrose, citric acid and sodium hypochlorite in deionized water, wherein the concentration of sucrose is 20-30g / L, the concentration of citric acid is 1-3g / L, and the effective chlorine concentration of sodium hypochlorite is 0.2-0.5g / L, and the pH of the preservative solution is adjusted to 4.0-4.5; S4, bottle insertion management: using sterilized glass vase, filling the preservative solution, immersing the treated cut flower stems in the preservative solution to an appropriate depth; placing the vase in an environment of 10-15℃, controlling the light intensity to be weak light level, and the daily light time is ≤8 hours; replacing the preservative solution balanced at room temperature every day, and washing the flower stem base with clean water while wiping the inner wall of the vase; if the flower stem base appears to be rotten, re-treat after cutting off the rotten part.

[0010] Preferably, in the step S1, the retained basal bud point is full and free of pests and diseases; the harvesting is selected at an appropriate environmental temperature period to avoid harvesting in an extreme high temperature or extreme low temperature environment.

[0011] Preferably, in the S2, the warm water used for soaking the flower stem base is pure water; when cutting the stem in water for the second time, the angle between the cutting edge and the stem axis is kept at 45° to ensure smooth cutting.

[0012] Preferably, in the S4, the glass vase is of a suitable specification for conventional vase-cut flower insertion; the relative humidity of the vase insertion environment is controlled within the range suitable for cut flower preservation; before replacing the preservative solution every day, the new preservative solution is first placed in the vase insertion environment for a period of time to make the temperature of the preservative solution consistent with the ambient temperature; when replacing the preservative solution, a soft tool is used to wipe the inner wall of the vase to remove the impurities attached to the inner wall.

[0013] Beneficial effects The present application provides a method for prolonging the flowering period of Clivias. The present application is aimed at Clivias, breaking through the limitations of traditional single substrate and experience-dependent water management, by matching coconut husk, perlite and decomposed sheep manure to form an improved substrate, which not only utilizes perlite to ensure air permeability, but also relies on decomposed sheep manure to provide sustained nutrition, while precisely controlling the pH of the substrate within an appropriate range, solving the problems of easy compaction and unbalanced fertility of traditional garden soil; in water management, a portable soil moisture meter is used to replace subjective judgment tools, with clear humidity detection standards and water replenishment thresholds, combined with a graduated water jug to achieve precise water control, and the quantitative control of flowering environment temperature and light, effectively prolonging the flowering period and reducing the risk of flower arrow lodging.

[0014] The present application is directed to the cut flowers of Clivia, and the initial damage is reduced by disinfecting the scissors and oblique cutting and timely moistening with wet gauze during the harvesting process; the base treatment is innovatively combined with the warm water bath and the secondary cutting in water, the warm water is used to promote the expansion of the vessel, and the blockage caused by air embolism is avoided, thus solving the water absorption obstacle problem caused by the traditional dry cutting; the simple preservative solution is synergistically matched by sucrose, citric acid and sodium hypochlorite, which not only provides the nutrients required by the cut flowers, but also adjusts the environmental pH and inhibits the reproduction of microorganisms, and the vase disinfection, regular replacement of the preservative solution and temperature and light control are combined, so that the ornamental quality of the cut flowers is ensured and the vase life is prolonged. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0015] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor fall within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0016] Embodiment: The present application provides a method for prolonging the flowering period of Clivia pot flowers, comprising the following steps: S1, mix coconut husk, perlite and composted sheep manure in a volume ratio of 3:1:0.5, the particle size of the coconut husk is 2-5mm, the particle size of the perlite is 3-5mm, and the composted sheep manure has an organic matter content of ≥25%; after mixing, sieve and adjust the pH of the mixed substrate to 6.0-6.5 with a citric acid solution or a sodium hydroxide solution to obtain an improved substrate; S2, select healthy Clivia seedlings, plant them in a ceramic pot with a side hole, and clean the side hole of the ceramic pot before planting; fill the improved substrate into the pot after laying ceramic pellets on the bottom, and plant the seedlings to a depth that makes the pseudobulb protrude 1 / 2 out of the surface of the substrate, and pour the rooting water thoroughly; S3, regularly detect the substrate humidity with a portable soil moisture meter, clean the probe of the soil moisture meter and insert it into the substrate to a depth of 2-3cm during detection; when the substrate humidity is ≤20%, quantitatively water with a graduated water jug; spray 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution for foliar fertilization twice a month; when the flower arrow is extracted 2-3cm, control the environmental temperature at 15-20℃, provide appropriate scattered light for 4-6 hours per day, and regularly prune the lower aging leaves, retain 4-5 healthy functional leaves, and sterilize the pruning tools before use.

[0017] In S1, the composted sheep manure is prepared by high-temperature composting, and the temperature of the heap is controlled to be in the appropriate high-temperature range for composting for a certain period of time to ensure sufficient composting of the sheep manure; when adjusting the pH, the concentrations of the citric acid solution and the sodium hydroxide solution are both appropriate concentrations for adjusting the pH of the substrate, and the solution is added while the mixed substrate is stirred, and the pH value is monitored in real time with a pH meter.

[0018] In S3, the time for spraying 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution is selected in the morning or afternoon without strong light, the spraying is uniformly sprayed on the front and back of the leaves, and fine water droplets are formed on the leaf surface without dripping water; the disinfection method of the pruning tool is the conventional horticultural tool disinfection method, and the conventional anti-infection measures can be taken on the leaf wound after pruning.

[0019] A method for prolonging the flowering period of cut flowers of Clivia miniata, comprising the following steps: S1, when the flowers are in a semi-open state, the flower stems are obliquely cut at 45° with a disinfection scissors after the morning dew dries, and 2-3 bud points at the base of the flower stem are reserved; the cut flowers are immediately placed in a container wrapped with wet gauze to avoid direct sunlight, and the next step is performed within 30 minutes; S2, the base of the flower stem is immediately immersed in warm water at 30-35°C, and a small amount of length at the base of the flower stem is obliquely cut again with a disinfection scissors in the water, and after soaking for 5 minutes, it is taken out and drained; S3, dissolve sucrose, citric acid and sodium hypochlorite in deionized water, wherein the concentration of sucrose is 20-30 g / L, the concentration of citric acid is 1-3 g / L, and the effective chlorine concentration of sodium hypochlorite is 0.2-0.5 g / L, and the pH of the preservative solution is adjusted to 4.0-4.5; S4, bottle insertion management: use a disinfection glass flower vase, fill it with the preservative solution, and immerse the treated cut flower stem in the preservative solution to an appropriate depth; place the vase in an environment with a temperature of 10-15°C, control the light intensity to be weak light level, and the daily light time is ≤8 hours; replace the preservative solution balanced at room temperature every day, and rinse the base of the flower stem with water while wiping the inner wall of the vase; if the base of the flower stem rots, remove the rotten part and reprocess.

[0020] In step S1, the reserved base bud points need to be full and free of pests and diseases; the environment temperature is suitable when harvesting, and harvesting in extreme high or low temperature environment should be avoided.

[0021] In S2, the warm water used for soaking the base of the flower stem is pure water; when the stem is cut again in the water, the angle between the cutting edge of the scissors and the axis of the flower stem is kept at 45° to ensure smooth cutting.

[0022] In S4, the glass flower vase is the appropriate size for conventional cut flower bottle insertion; the relative humidity of the bottle insertion environment is controlled within the range suitable for cut flower preservation; before replacing the preservative solution every day, the new preservative solution is placed in the bottle insertion environment for a period of time to make the temperature of the preservative solution consistent with the ambient temperature; when replacing the preservative solution, use a soft tool to wipe the inner wall of the vase to remove the impurities attached to the inner wall.

[0023] Comparative example: Conventional cultivation: ordinary nutrient soil, empirical watering, no leaf fertilizer, natural temperature and light, no pruning of old leaves; Conventional treatment: water bottle insertion, direct harvesting, no warm water and preservative treatment.

[0024] Experimental example: (I) Potted flower experimental procedure Material preparation: Select 30 pots of 2-year-old Clivia seedlings with consistent growth vigor, and randomly divide them into 2 groups.

[0025] Experimental group: plant with modified substrate prepared according to the example in a ceramic pot with side holes.

[0026] Control group: plant in a common ceramic pot according to the general nutrient soil of the comparative example.

[0027] Cultivation management: Experimental group: Quantitative watering when soil humidity ≤20%.

[0028] Spray 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate twice a month (in the afternoon under weak light).

[0029] Control temperature at 18℃±1℃ when flower arrow is extracted 3cm, and scatter light for 5 hours per day.

[0030] Regularly prune old leaves and retain 4-5 functional leaves.

[0031] Control group: water according to experience (water thoroughly after the surface soil is dry), natural temperature and light (room temperature 22℃±3℃, no controlled light).

[0032] Data recording: Record the flower arrow extraction date, initial opening date, full flowering period start and end date, and last flowering date of each pot.

[0033] Calculate single flower period (from opening to wilting) and overall flowering period (from the first flower opening to the last flower wilting).

[0034] The specific data of the above experiment are shown in Table 1: Table 1 (II) Cut flower experimental procedure Harvesting and treatment: Experimental group: harvest at semi-open period → warm water soaking → patent preservative solution.

[0035] Control group: harvest at open period → direct water bottle insertion.

[0036] Bottle insertion management: Environment: 12℃ constant temperature, weak light (500lux), humidity 60%.

[0037] Experimental group: replace the pre-equilibrated preservative solution daily and rinse the flower stem base.

[0038] Control group: daily change the same amount of water.

[0039] Data record: Daily observation record: flower opening state, flower stem base browning degree, water turbidity.

[0040] Define the end of the vase life: the flowers appear wilted, neck or petal shedding.

[0041] The specific data of the above experiment is shown in Table 2 as follows: Table 2 In summary, the present application significantly prolongs the ornamental period of Clivia by the precise optimization of cultivation and preservation technology system: the pot flower experimental group adopts modified substrate, quantitative water management and flower period temperature and light regulation, so that the overall flowering period reaches 48.7 days, which is 50.3% longer than the control group, and the flower diameter increases by 15.5%, and the leaf yellowing rate is reduced to 5%; The cut flower experimental group is harvested by semi-open period, warm water (33℃) treatment and patent preservative solution, and the vase life reaches 17.6 days, which is 89.2% higher than the water control group, the flower opening degree score is increased by 37.1%, and the flower stem browning is effectively inhibited.

[0042] Although embodiments of the present application have been shown and described, it will be understood by those having ordinary skill in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made thereto without departing from the principles and spirit of the present application, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A method of prolonging the flowering period of a Clivia pot plant, characterized in that, It comprises the following steps: S1, mix coconut husk, perlite and composted sheep manure in a volume ratio of 3:1:0.5, the coconut husk has a particle size of 2-5 mm, the perlite has a particle size of 3-5 mm, and the composted sheep manure has an organic matter content of ≥25%; after mixing, sieve and adjust the pH of the mixed substrate to 6.0-6.5 with a citric acid solution or a sodium hydroxide solution to obtain an improved substrate; S2, select healthy clivia seedlings, plant them in pots with side holes, clean the side holes of the pots before planting; put the improved substrate into the pots after laying ceramic balls at the bottom, and plant the seedlings to a depth that makes the pseudobulb protrude 1 / 2 out of the surface of the substrate, and pour the substrate with root-fixing water; S3, regularly detect the substrate humidity with a portable soil humidity meter, clean the probe of the soil humidity meter and insert it into the substrate to a depth of 2-3 cm; when the substrate humidity is ≤20%, pour water quantitatively with a graduated kettle; spray 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution twice a month for foliar fertilization; when the flower arrow is 2-3 cm long, control the environmental temperature at 15-20℃, provide suitable scattered light for 4-6 hours per day, and regularly prune the lower aging leaves, retain 4-5 healthy functional leaves, and sterilize the pruning tool before use.

2. The method for prolonging the flowering period of a pot plant of Crinum asiaticum according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S1, the composted sheep manure is prepared by high-temperature composting, and the temperature of the composting process is controlled to maintain a medium-high temperature suitable for composting for a certain period of time to ensure sufficient composting of the sheep manure; when adjusting the pH, the concentrations of the citric acid solution and the sodium hydroxide solution are both suitable concentrations for adjusting the pH of the substrate, and the solution is added while stirring the mixed substrate, and the pH value is monitored in real time with a pH meter.

3. The method for prolonging the flowering period of a pot plant of Crinum asiaticum according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S3, the 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution is sprayed at noon or in the afternoon when there is no strong light, and the leaves are sprayed evenly on both sides to form fine water droplets on the leaf surface without dripping; the sterilization method of the pruning tool is the conventional horticultural tool sterilization method, and the conventional anti-infection measures can be taken at the leaf wound after pruning.

4. A method of prolonging the flowering period of a cut Clivia flower, characterized in that, It comprises the following steps: S1, when the flowers are in a semi-open state, cut the flower stems at 45° with sterilized scissors after the morning dew dries, and retain 2-3 bud points at the base of the flower stem; immediately place the cut flowers in a container wrapped with wet gauze after harvesting to avoid direct sunlight, and perform the next step within 30 minutes; S2, immediately immerse the base of the flower stem in warm water at 30-35℃, and cut off a small amount of length from the base of the flower stem with sterilized scissors in the water, take it out and drain after soaking for 5 minutes; S3, dissolve sucrose, citric acid and sodium hypochlorite in deionized water, wherein the concentration of sucrose is 20-30 g / L, the concentration of citric acid is 1-3 g / L, and the effective chlorine concentration of sodium hypochlorite is 0.2-0.5 g / L, and adjust the pH of the preservative solution to 4.0-4.5; S4, bottle insertion management: use sterilized glass vases, fill them with the preservative solution, immerse the treated cut flower stems in the preservative solution to an appropriate depth; place the vases in an environment with a temperature of 10-15℃, control the light intensity to be weak light level, and provide light for ≤8 hours per day; replace the preservative solution balanced at room temperature every day, rinse the base of the flower stem with clean water while wiping the inner wall of the vase; if the base of the flower stem rots, remove the rotten part and reprocess.

5. The method of extending the vase life of Crinum asiaticum according to claim 4, characterized in that: In the step S1, the reserved basal bud point should be full and free from pests and diseases; the harvesting time should be selected when the ambient temperature is appropriate, avoiding the harvesting in the environment with extremely high or extremely low temperature.

6. The method of extending the vase life of Crinum asiaticum according to claim 4, characterized in that: In the step S2, the warm water used for soaking the flower stems is of pure water quality; when the stems are cut again in the water, the angle between the cutting edge of the scissors and the axis of the stems is kept at 45° to ensure the smooth cutting edge.

7. The method of extending the vase life of Crinum asiaticum according to claim 4, characterized in that: In the step S4, the glass vase is of a suitable size for the conventional cut flower potting; the relative humidity of the potting environment is controlled in the range suitable for the preservation of cut flowers; before the daily replacement of the preservative solution, the new preservative solution is first placed in the potting environment for a period of time so that the temperature of the preservative solution is basically consistent with the ambient temperature; when the preservative solution is replaced, the inner wall of the vase is wiped with a soft tool to remove the impurities attached to the inner wall.

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