Attractant and bait box for sand flies

Abstract

The attractant comprises 3-8 parts by mass of octanal, 0.3-1 part by mass of capraldehyde and 0.03-0.1 part by mass of n-hexyl alcohol, the attractant is loaded on a porous carrier and then placed in a box body, the box body is sealed with a sealing film, vent holes are formed in the sealing film, and the bait box is formed. The attractant has a good luring effect on the sand flies, the release rate is controlled through the porous carrier and the bait box, the slow release effect is good, the slow release requirement is met, and the attractant can be used for monitoring the density of the sand flies and can also be used for trapping and killing the sand flies so as to control the density of the sand flies, so that control over black fever is facilitated.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of phlebotomus control, and particularly relates to a phlebotomus attracting agent and a bait box. BACKGROUND

[0002] Kala-azar, also known as Visceral Leishmaniasis (VL), is the second most deadly parasitic disease in the world, which is caused by Leishmania parasites parasitizing in humans and mammals and is a zoonosis transmitted by phlebotomus. Phlebotomus chinensis is widely distributed and is the main transmission medium of Kala-azar in China. In the 1950s, Kala-azar was prevalent in more than 680 counties in 16 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) north of the Yangtze River in China, and was one of the five parasitic diseases that endangered people's health. In the early 1980s, Kala-azar was basically controlled in most of the central and eastern parts of China, such as Shandong, Henan, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Hebei, Jiangsu and Anhui. However, since the 21st century, with the change of ecological environment, the distribution of Phlebotomus chinensis has expanded. Subsequently, Kala-azar has rapidly rebounded in China, and a large number of historically prevalent counties have relapsed, the epidemic range has rapidly expanded, and Kala-azar has shown a trend of gradually spreading from west to east, from south to north, from mountainous areas to plains, and from rural areas to cities. The positive rate of rk39 detection of canine Leishmania in the epidemic area is as high as 30%, and the asymptomatic infection rate of dogs can be as high as more than 50%. Although the reported cases of human population are mainly distributed in epidemic provinces such as Beijing, Hebei, Henan, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Sichuan and Gansu, there has been a trend of further spreading to surrounding provinces. In addition, with the rapid development of economy, society, travel and trade, the risk of spread of Phlebotomus chinensis has increased. Attractants or baits can greatly help to monitor and detect such pests in the early stage, and are crucial for measuring the progress of control and elimination projects aimed at controlling and eliminating Phlebotomus chinensis.

[0003] In the prior art, the commonly used methods for attracting Phlebotomus chinensis mainly include the following: 1) Using carbon dioxide (CO2) as an attractant: CO2 is a significant indicator of the presence of a living host, so it is a universal attractant for blood-sucking insects, and in theory can be widely used in the trapping of blood-sucking insects. However, studies have found that CO2 has no obvious effect on the attraction of phlebotomus; in addition, the production techniques of CO2 mainly include dry ice, CO2 steel cylinder, combustion of propane, and even the current new technology of electrolysis to produce CO2, all of which have the disadvantages of inconvenience in use, inability to continuously and stably release CO2, etc.

[0004] 2) UV lamp: the UV lamp attracts the fly is to use the special ultraviolet light wave after the light tube is lit, the wavelength is 365nm. The phototaxis characteristic of the tsetse fly sensitive to this wave band is used to attract a certain number of tsetse flies, but the light attraction tsetse fly has a limited effective radius, about 3m within the effective range of tsetse fly, which belongs to short distance attraction. The tsetse fly has poor attraction effect for the tsetse fly far away.

[0005] 3) Mosquito attractant: lactic acid, ammonium bicarbonate and octenol are mixed to obtain the smell of human sweat, which is one of the main basis for mosquito tracking and positioning, and has a certain effect on attracting mosquitoes. Field research shows that although the above-mentioned smell can improve the survival rate of tsetse fly, it cannot increase the number of captured tsetse fly, which is not conducive to improving the efficiency of tsetse fly attraction, which shows that the tsetse fly does not like the smell of the above-mentioned mosquito attractant.

[0006] Therefore, there is an urgent need for an efficient tsetse fly attractant. SUMMARY

[0007] The technical problem to be solved by the present application is to provide an attractant for tsetse fly and a bait box, wherein the attractant plays a role in attracting tsetse fly, the porous carrier and the bait box play a role in slow release, and the purpose of long-acting tsetse fly is achieved, especially suitable for attracting tsetse fly.

[0008] In order to solve the above technical problem, the first aspect of the present application is to provide an attractant for tsetse fly, which comprises the following components by mass fraction: zinc aldehyde, 3-8 mass fraction; decanal, 0.3-1 mass fraction; n-hexanol, 0.03-0.1 mass fraction.

[0009] In the present application, it is found through research that the attraction of dogs to tsetse fly is tens or even hundreds of times that of people to tsetse fly, and tsetse fly likes to bite dogs. Therefore, by matching zinc aldehyde, decanal and n-hexanol to simulate the smell of dog body surface, the purpose of attracting tsetse fly, especially tsetse fly, is achieved.

[0010] Preferably, the attractant is loaded on the porous carrier in the form of particles, and the porous carrier has a water absorption rate of less than 5% at 90% humidity. Preferably, the method of loading the attractant on the porous carrier is to spray a mixture of zinc aldehyde, decanal and n-hexanol on the surface of the porous carrier, and then mix uniformly under sealed conditions and stand for use. Understandably, mixing uniformly under sealed conditions can be, for example, in a laboratory, placing the porous carrier in a plastic bag, spraying the attractant on the surface of the porous carrier, tightly sealing the opening of the plastic bag, then thoroughly kneading to evenly coat the sprayed attractant on the surface of the porous carrier, and then standing to allow the attractant to enter the pores of the porous carrier; without wishing to be bound, for example, in a factory, placing the porous carrier in a mixing device with airtight conditions, preferably using a spraying method to add the attractant in the device, and stirring to achieve sufficient mixing of the porous carrier and the attractant, and then standing to allow the attractant to enter the pores of the porous carrier; it should be noted that by using a porous carrier with low water absorption, the release rate of the attractant can be controlled.

[0011] Preferably, the porous carrier is obtained by the following steps: S1, uniformly mixing 40-80 parts by mass of corn cob and 10-20 parts by mass of chopped wax, and then heating and stirring to allow the melted wax to wrap the corn cob; S2, after the corn cob is completely wrapped with wax, stopping heating and stirring, and then standing to room temperature, and then spreading to form the porous carrier.

[0012] Preferably, the corn cob in step S1 is 20-40 mesh, and the wax is selected from one or more of plant wax, animal wax or synthetic wax, such as Brazil palm wax, bee wax, mineral wax such as paraffin wax, etc.; the heating temperature in step S1 is 60-75°C.

[0013] Preferably, corn cob is used as the porous carrier in the present application. Corn cob is widely available and low in cost, and is naturally degradable and environmentally friendly. The purpose of wrapping the corn cob with wax is to form a microporous hydrophobic film on the corn cob, thereby reducing the water absorption rate of the corn cob, preferably less than 5% at 90% humidity, to facilitate slow release. Without wishing to be bound, the materials and methods for forming a microporous hydrophobic film on a porous carrier similar to corn cob in the prior art are also applicable to the present application.

[0014] To solve the above technical problems, the second aspect of the present application provides a bait box for attracting phlebotomus, comprising: a box body with an open top a sealing film covering the open top of the box body, the sealing film being provided with a ventilation hole; an attractant loaded on a porous carrier in the form of particles and placed in the box body; wherein the components of the attractant are as follows in terms of mass parts: zinc aldehyde, 3-8 mass parts; decanal, 0.3-1 mass parts; n-hexanol, 0.03-0.1 mass parts.

[0015] In the present application, since the aforementioned attractant is provided in the bait box, at least all the beneficial effects of the attractant are provided. Meanwhile, by providing the air holes on the sealing film, the slow-release effect of the attractant can be further controlled. The number and opening size of the air holes on the sealing film can be adjusted according to the average temperature and humidity, wind speed and other meteorological conditions of the place of use, so as to better achieve the slow-release effect. Here, no further description is given. In addition, it should be noted that when the bait box provided by the present application is used in combination with an ultraviolet lamp, the attracting effect is more obvious.

[0016] Preferably, the method for loading the attractant on the porous carrier is to spray a mixture of zinc aldehyde, decanal and n-hexanol onto the surface of the porous carrier, and then mix uniformly under sealed conditions and stand for use; The porous carrier is obtained by the following steps: S1, uniformly mixing 40-80 mass parts of corn cobs and 10-20 mass parts of chopped wax, and then heating and stirring to make the melted wax wrap the corn cobs; S2, after the corn cobs are completely wrapped by the wax, stopping heating and stirring, and then waiting for the temperature to drop to room temperature, and then spreading out to form the porous carrier.

[0017] In the present application, preferably, the corn cobs in step S1 are 20-40 mesh; the wax is selected from one or more of plant wax, animal wax or synthetic wax; and the heating temperature in step S1 is 60-75°C. Understandably, the method for loading the attractant on the porous carrier and the method for making the porous carrier in the bait box provided by the present application are the same as the aforementioned methods, and therefore at least all the beneficial effects of the aforementioned methods are provided.

[0018] Preferably, the material of the sealing film is selected from one or more of aluminum film, PET film, aluminum foil film and PE film to form a composite film. Understandably, the commonly used aluminum film, PET film, aluminum foil film and PE film or the composite film formed by one or more of the aforementioned films in the prior art are all suitable for the present application. The purpose of the sealing film is to seal the porous carrier loaded with the attractant in the box body, and to control the rate of emission of the attractant to the surrounding environment through the air holes provided on the sealing film, so as to achieve the purpose of slow release.

[0019] The bait box has good attraction effect on phlebotomus, especially on phlebotomus chinensis, and the slow release effect is controlled through the porous carrier and the ventilation hole, so that the slow release effect is good and the slow release requirement is met, so that the bait box can be used for phlebotomus density monitoring and phlebotomus killing, thereby controlling the phlebotomus density, and thus helping to control the black fever. When the bait box is used with the phlebotomus lamp, the effect is better. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0020] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the present application, the following briefly introduces the drawings used in the present application. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained without creative labor based on these drawings.

[0021] Figure 1 is a structure diagram of the bait box of the second embodiment of the present application; Among them, 1-box body; 2-seal film; 3-ventilation hole; 4-porous carrier loaded with attractant. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] The technical solutions in the present application will be described clearly and completely below in combination with the drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor belong to the scope of protection of the present application.

[0023] Embodiment one: the attractant is loaded on the porous carrier.

[0024] 1) Preparation of the porous carrier: S1, weigh 15g of corn cob particles in the range of 20-40 mesh, take 3g of shredded beeswax, mix and place in a container; S2, mix the corn cob and beeswax after mixing at 67℃ for about 2 minutes to fully mix them; S3, take out the fully mixed corn cob and beeswax and spread it to cool down, after the temperature drops to room temperature, the beeswax on the surface of the corn cob becomes brittle, then rub it apart, and test its water absorption rate under the condition of 90% humidity, which is less than 5%.

[0025] 2) Preparation of attractant: mix 1.0g of octanal, 0.2g of decanal and 0.02g of n-hexanol evenly.

[0026] 3) loading the attractant on the porous carrier: the porous carrier is placed in a plastic bag, the mixed attractant is sprayed into the plastic bag, the plastic bag is tightly closed, and then kneaded for about 15 minutes, so that the attractant is evenly attached to the porous carrier, and then the plastic bag is placed in a closed condition for 24 hours, so that the attractant fully penetrates into the pores of the corn cob.

[0027] In this embodiment, the raw materials such as corn cob, beeswax, octanal, decanal and n-hexanol are commercially available.

[0028] Example 2: preparation of the bait box.

[0029] 5g of the porous carrier loaded with the attractant in Example 1 is placed in the box body and compacted, the top of the box body is sealed with a sealing film, for example, by using glue, and then a ventilation hole is opened in the sealing film to allow the attractant to be released. The schematic diagram of the bait box is shown in Figure 1 , which includes a box body and a sealing film, and the sealing film is provided with a ventilation hole, and the box body is provided with the compacted porous carrier loaded with the attractant.

[0030] Example 3: test example.

[0031] The test site is located around the poultry and livestock breeding circle of farmers in Yangquan City, Shanxi Province, which is a key epidemic area of melioidosis. The local phlebotomus species is mainly Phlebotomus chinensis. The density peak period is from mid-June to mid-July, and the local Phlebotomus chinensis density is already low in late August. In order to test the effect of the whitefly attractant bait box, the test is carried out in late August, and the attractant bait box is placed in the attractant lamp (ultraviolet lamp).

[0032] The release amount of the attractant is 15-60mg / day, and the attractant effect is best. Considering the average temperature of 24℃ and the average humidity of about 85% RH in the test period, and the wind speed of about 0.35m / s of the attractant lamp, two ventilation holes with a diameter of 1.5mm are opened on the sealing film to meet the release amount requirement of the attractant.

[0033] As a comparison, the attractant is replaced by a mosquito attractant (commercially available, main components are ammonium bicarbonate, octenol and lactic acid), and the control group bait box containing the mosquito attractant is obtained by the method of Examples 1 and 2.

[0034] Each group of the test example has two bait boxes matched with two attractant lamps, and the test is carried out for 4 nights. The distance between the two groups is 5 meters to avoid mutual influence, and the test results are shown in Table 1. Table 1 Average number of adult mosquitoes caught per night by the bait box Average number of adult mosquitoes caught per night by the control bait box First night 10 2 Second night 10 2 Third night 9 1 Fourth night Fifth night 7 2

[0035] As can be seen from Table 1, the attractant effect of the bait box provided by the present application is obviously better than that of the bait box commonly used in the prior art which uses mosquito attractant as the attractant.

[0036] The above description is only the preferred embodiment of the present application, and is not intended to limit the present application. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included in the scope of protection of the present application.

Claims

1. An attractant for biting midges, characterized in that, The lure comprises the following components in parts by mass: zinc aldehyde, 3-8 parts by mass; decanal, 0.3-1 parts by mass; n-hexanol, 0.03-0.1 parts by mass.

2. The lure of claim 1, wherein, The lure is loaded on a granular porous carrier, and the water absorption rate of the porous carrier is less than 5% under 90% humidity.

3. The lure of claim 2, wherein, The method for loading the lure on the porous carrier is to spray a mixture of zinc aldehyde, decanal and n-hexanol on the surface of the porous carrier, and then mix uniformly under sealed conditions and stand for use.

4. The lure of claim 2, wherein, The porous carrier is obtained by the following steps: S1, uniformly mix 40-80 parts by mass of corn cob and 10-20 parts by mass of chopped wax, and then heat and stir to make the melted wax wrap the corn cob; S2, after the corn cob is completely wrapped by the wax, stop heating and stirring, and then wait for the temperature to drop to room temperature, and then spread out to form the porous carrier.

5. The lure of claim 4, wherein, The corn cob in step S1 is 20-40 mesh; The wax is selected from one or more of plant wax, animal wax or synthetic wax.

6. The lure of claim 4, wherein, The heating temperature in step S1 is 60-75°C.

7. A bait box for attracting phlebotomine sand flies, characterized in that, It comprises: a box body with an open top a sealing film covering the open top of the box body, and the sealing film is provided with a ventilation hole; a lure loaded on a granular porous carrier and placed in the box body; The lure comprises the following components in parts by mass: zinc aldehyde, 3-8 parts by mass; decanal, 0.3-1 parts by mass; n-hexanol, 0.03-0.1 parts by mass.

8. The bait box of claim 7, wherein, The method for loading the lure on the porous carrier is to spray a mixture of zinc aldehyde, decanal and n-hexanol on the surface of the porous carrier, and then mix uniformly under sealed conditions and stand for use; The porous carrier is obtained by the following steps: S1, uniformly mix 40-80 parts by mass of corn cob and 10-20 parts by mass of chopped wax, and then heat and stir to make the melted wax wrap the corn cob; S2, after the corn cob is completely wrapped by the wax, stop heating and stirring, and then wait for the temperature to drop to room temperature, and then spread out to form the porous carrier, and the water absorption rate of the porous carrier is less than 5% under 90% humidity.

9. The bait box of claim 8, wherein, The corn cob in step S1 is 20-40 mesh; The wax is selected from one or more of plant wax, animal wax or synthetic wax; and the heating temperature in step S1 is 60-75°C.

10. The bait box of claim 7, wherein, The material of the sealing film is selected from one or more of aluminum film, PET film, aluminum foil film and PE film to form a composite film.

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