Modular wireless power system with injection locked RF generator

Abstract

A wireless power system includes a magnetic resonance wireless power supply with a plurality of coupled LC resonators, each LC resonator being driven by a separate radio frequency (RF) generator. The system is modular, allowing the resonator to be added, removed, or repositioned. Each RF generator is configured to sense the phases of the other RF generators and adjust their phases to maintain a constant phase difference. Each RF generator includes a class E amplifier driven by an injection locked oscillator and a low pass filter that outputs a current sine wave. The RF generator senses the phase of the RF current of the other RF generators through the induced voltage and adjusts its phase based on a sum voltage derived from the voltage signal and the current signal. The system maintains frequency locking by adjusting a variable capacitor in the presence of environmental detuning.

Description

[0001] Cross-reference to related applications

[0002] This application claims the benefit and priority of U.S. Provisional Application No. 63 / 486,957, filed February 24, 2023, entitled “A MODULAR WIRELESS POWER SOURCECONSISTING OF INJECTION-LOCKED RF GENERATORS”, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety. Technical Field

[0003] This disclosure relates generally to wireless power transfer technology, and more particularly to systems, methods and apparatus for wireless power transfer using modular resonators driven by independent radio frequency generators. Background Technology

[0004] Wireless power transfer is a technology that transfers electrical energy from a power source to an electrical load without using conductors or wires. This technology is based on the principle of electromagnetic induction, where a current flowing through a coil generates a magnetic field, which induces a voltage in nearby coils. This induced voltage can then be used to power electrical equipment.

[0005] One type of wireless power transmission system uses magnetic resonance, which involves the use of resonant circuits. These circuits consist of inductors and capacitors, and are commonly referred to as LC resonators. The resonant frequency of these circuits is determined by the values ​​of the inductors and capacitors. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The present invention provides a simplified overview of some selected concepts, which will be further described in the detailed description below. This summary is not intended to identify key or essential features of the claimed subject matter, nor is it intended to help determine the scope of the claimed subject matter.

[0007] According to one aspect of this disclosure, a wireless power system includes a magnetic resonance wireless power supply with multiple coupled LC resonators. Each resonator is driven by a separate radio frequency (RF) generator. Each RF generator is configured to sense the phase of the other RF generators and adjust its phase to maintain a constant phase difference between itself and the other RF generators. The system is modular, allowing each resonator to be added, removed, or moved to different locations.

[0008] According to other aspects of the disclosure, a wireless power system can include one or more of the following features. Each RF generator can include a class-E amplifier driven by an injection-locked oscillator. Each RF generator can further include a low-pass filter configured to output a current sine wave of approximately constant amplitude. Each RF generator can be configured to sense the phase of the RF current of the other RF generators through an induced voltage sensed by the low-pass filter. Each RF generator can include a variable capacitor controlled to maintain a consistent reactance at the output of the RF generator.

[0009] Each RF generator can be configured to adjust its phase based on a sum voltage derived from a voltage signal and a current signal, the voltage signal and the current signal multiplied by respective gain factors. Each RF generator can be configured to maintain frequency locking through adjustment of the variable capacitor in the presence of environmental detuning. According to another aspect of the disclosure, a wireless power system includes a plurality of radio frequency (RF) generators, each connected to a separate LC resonator in a magnetic-resonance wireless power source.

[0010] Each RF generator is configured to sense the RF current of the other RF generators through mutual inductance between the resonators and use the sensed current to frequency lock the RF generator. The system is modular such that each resonator can be added, removed, or moved to a different location. According to other aspects of the disclosure, a wireless power system can include one or more of the following features. Each RF generator can include a class-E amplifier driven by an injection-locked oscillator.

[0011] Each RF generator can further include a low-pass filter configured to output a current sine wave of approximately constant amplitude. Each RF generator can be configured to sense the phase of the RF current of the other RF generators through an induced voltage sensed by the low-pass filter. Each RF generator can include a variable capacitor controlled to maintain a consistent reactance at the output of the RF generator.

[0012] Each RF generator can be configured to adjust its phase based on a sum voltage derived from a voltage signal and a current signal, the voltage signal and the current signal multiplied by respective gain factors. Each RF generator can be configured to maintain frequency locking through adjustment of the variable capacitor in the presence of environmental detuning.

[0013] The foregoing summary of illustrative embodiments of the present disclosure and the following detailed description thereof are merely exemplary aspects of the teachings of the present disclosure, and are not limiting. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0014] Many aspects of the present disclosure can be better understood with reference to the following drawings. The components in the drawings are not necessarily to scale, emphasis instead being placed upon clearly illustrating the principles of the present disclosure. Furthermore, in the drawings, like reference numerals designate corresponding parts throughout the several views.

[0015] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a modular wireless power system according to aspects of the present disclosure, including multiple RF generators with coupled resonant magnetic loop antennas.

[0016] Figure 2 shows a schematic diagram of an RF generator in a modular wireless power system according to aspects of the present disclosure, featuring an injection-locked class-E configuration.

[0017] Figure 3 depicts a low-pass filter configuration for impedance mirroring used in an RF generator according to aspects of the present disclosure.

[0018] Figure 4 presents a simplified schematic diagram of an injection-locked oscillator circuit used in an RF generator according to aspects of the present disclosure.

[0019] Figure 5 shows a graph illustrating the relationship of phase shift to frequency deviation for an injection-locked oscillator according to aspects of the present disclosure.

[0020] Figure 6 exhibits a graph illustrating the relationship of DC power to frequency deviation for an RF generator according to aspects of the present disclosure.

[0021] Figure 7 is a photograph of an experimental setup for a modular wireless power system according to aspects of the present disclosure, demonstrating wireless power transfer to an LED load.

[0022] Figure 8 depicts a photograph of an experimental setup for a modular wireless power system according to aspects of the present disclosure, with two driven resonators, each wirelessly coupled to an LED load.

[0023] Figure 9 exhibits a set of graphs illustrating performance characteristics of a modular wireless power system in terms of DC power consumption and phase difference according to aspects of the present disclosure.

[0024] Figure 10 depicts a graph representing power transfer as a function of phase difference between two resonators in a modular wireless power system according to aspects of the present disclosure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] The present disclosure relates to systems, methods, and apparatuses for facilitating wireless power transfer through modular resonators driven by injection-locked radio frequency (RF) generators. In some applications, it is desirable to have a wireless power system that can adapt to changing environments and geometries. This can be achieved using modular wireless power sources. Related art includes the design of magnetic resonant wireless power systems that employ modular, self-tuning repeaters that can be coupled together to expand the wireless power zone of the driven resonator. However, as the number of repeaters increases, the maximum output power in stable operation of some systems in the related art decreases. This limitation can be avoided if each module contains its own RF power source. For maximum flexibility, it is desirable for each module to contain an independent RF generator so that each module only requires DC power and not an external RF connection.

[0026] To prevent beat frequencies in the power delivered to receivers coupled to multiple resonators, the RF generators must be frequency-locked. In the related art, wireless power is composed of a single near-field magnetic loop antenna containing multiple series-connected RF generators. The RF current in the loop is used as a common signal to injection-lock the RF generators, ensuring that they operate at the same frequency and phase. A different problem exists in the case where the RF generators are connected to separate resonators. In this case, the system does not share a common signal that can injection-lock the RF generators, as there is no direct connection between the RF generators. Therefore, various embodiments are described herein that allow each resonator to sense the RF current of the other resonators through their mutual inductance, and this signal is used to frequency-lock the RF generators.

[0027] Accordingly, various embodiments of modular wireless power sources are described in which each module contains a corresponding radio frequency (RF) generator. However, to prevent interference between the modules, it is generally desirable for the RF generators to be frequency-locked, meaning that they operate at the same frequency. Therefore, the RF generators described herein are capable of being frequency-locked to prevent interference, as will be described in detail below.

[0028] Turning now to the drawings, Figure 1A schematic diagram of a modular wireless power system. The system can include multiple radio frequency (RF) generators, each connected to a separate LC resonator in a magnetic resonant wireless power source. In some aspects, a first resonator can include a voltage source VI, a capacitor CI, an inductor LI, a resistor Rl, and a current II flowing through it. Similarly, a second resonator can include a voltage source V2, a capacitor C2, an inductor L2, a resistor R2, and a current I2. The second resonator can be coupled to the first resonator through mutual inductance M12. A third resonator can be composed of a voltage source V3, a capacitor C3, an inductor L3, a resistor R3, and a current I3. The third resonator can have mutual inductances M13 and M23 with the first and second resonators, respectively.

[0029] In various embodiments, the mutual inductances M12, M13, and M23 can represent the wireless coupling between the resonators, allowing for the transmission of power and phase information. This transmission can be used to frequency lock the RF generators associated with each resonator. Each RF generator can be configured to sense the RF current of the other RF generators through the mutual inductance between the resonators, and use that sensed current to frequency lock the RF generator.

[0030] The system can be modular, such that each resonator can be added, removed, or moved to a different location, meaning that the system can include other resonators in addition to the ones shown (e.g., a fourth resonator, a fifth resonator, etc.). This modularity can provide flexibility, allowing the wireless power zone to adapt to changing environments and geometries, especially in the case of a wireless power transmission area that is variable in size and dimension. In some aspects, the RF generators can automatically adjust the resonator tuning to accommodate changes in their mutual coupling, and the RF generators can automatically frequency lock to prevent beats in the power delivered to receivers coupled to multiple resonators.

[0031] The addition, removal, or movement of a resonator can cause the mutual inductances M nm between pairs of resonators to change. To accommodate this change, in some embodiments, the capacitors C n are variable and are controlled such that each RF generator presents a consistent reactance at its output. Assume that each RF generator is connected to a DC power source, but has no direct RF connection to any external source. To have the RF generators frequency locked, each RF generator can be configured to sense the phase of the other generators, and adjust its phase to maintain a constant phase difference between itself and the other generators.

[0032] Turning now to Figure 2, depicts a schematic diagram of a modular wireless power system with injection-locked class-E RF generators. In some aspects, each RF generator in the system can include a class-E amplifier driven by an injection-locked oscillator. The class-E amplifier can be configured to convert a DC input into an AC output at a desired frequency, while the injection-locked oscillator can be configured to generate a stable frequency signal that can be adjusted based on an input signal.

[0033] In various embodiments, each RF generator can also include a low-pass filter, such as a first low-pass filter LPF1, a second low-pass filter LPF2, or a third low-pass filter LPF3, configured to output a current sine wave of approximately constant amplitude. The low-pass filter can be designed to allow frequencies below a cutoff frequency to pass while attenuating frequencies above the cutoff frequency, thereby eliminating harmonics. This can help reduce noise and interference in the RF generator output signal.

[0034] In some embodiments, each RF generator can be configured to sense the phase of the RF current of the other RF generators through an induced voltage sensed by the low-pass filter. For example, the first resonator current II, the second resonator current I2, or the third resonator current I3 can be sensed through their respective low-pass filters. These sensed currents can be used to adjust the phase of the RF generators, thereby enabling frequency locking between the RF generators.

[0035] In some aspects, each RF generator can include a variable capacitor, such as a first resonant capacitor CI, a second resonant capacitor C2, or a third resonant capacitor C3, controlled or otherwise configured to maintain a consistent reactance at the output of the RF generator. The variable capacitor can be adjusted based on the sensed phase of the RF current, thereby causing the RF generator to maintain a consistent reactance regardless of changes in mutual coupling between the resonators.

[0036] In various embodiments, each RF generator can be configured to adjust its phase based on a sum voltage derived from a voltage signal and a current signal, where, in some implementations, the voltage signal and the current signal can be multiplied by respective gain factors. The sum voltage can be used as an input to the injection-locked oscillator, thereby enabling the RF generator to adjust its phase and maintain frequency locking with the other RF generators.

[0037] In some embodiments, each RF generator can be configured to maintain frequency locking by adjusting the variable capacitor in the presence of environmental detuning. This can cause the RF generator to maintain a stable frequency regardless of changes in the environment, such as changes in temperature, humidity, or the presence of interfering signals.

[0038] Figure 3A low pass filter configuration is shown with an impedance mirror with inductor L and capacitor C configured to match an input impedance Zin with an output impedance Z. This configuration can be used for a low pass filter of an RF generator to ensure that the impedance of the input signal matches the impedance of the output signal, maximizing power transfer and minimizing signal distortion.

[0039] Reference is now made to Figure 4 , depicting a simplified schematic of an injection locked oscillator circuit. In some aspects, the injection locked oscillator circuit can include an inverting stage, an amplitude limiting stage, an attenuating stage, a summing stage, a crystal filter, and another amplitude limiting stage, arranged in an order from input to output of the circuit. In Figure 4 the inverting stage, denoted as “-1,” can be located on the input side of the circuit. Thus, in some embodiments, the inverting stage can be configured to optionally invert the phase of the input signal. This optional inversion can affect the phase relationship between injection locked RF generators within the system, allowing for flexible control of the phase alignment of the RF generators.

[0040] Following the inverting stage, an amplitude limiting stage can be included in the circuit. The amplitude limiting stage can be configured to limit the amplitude of the input signal to a predetermined level, preventing signal distortion or damage to subsequent stages of the circuit due to excessively high signal amplitudes. In some embodiments, the amplitude limiting stage can convert a sinusoidal wave into a square wave, facilitating further signal processing in the circuit.

[0041] Next, in the circuit, there can be an attenuating stage, denoted in Figure 4 by the letter “a.” The attenuating stage can be configured to reduce the amplitude of the signal from the amplitude limiting stage by a predetermined factor. This attenuation helps control the signal power within the circuit, preventing signal overload and ensuring stable operation of the circuit.

[0042] Following the attenuating stage, a summing stage can be included in the circuit. The summing stage can be configured to combine multiple input signals into a single output signal. This can be somewhat helpful in cases where the RF generator is designed to sense and adjust its phase based on multiple input signals, such as voltage and current signals.

[0043] Following the summing stage, a crystal filter can be included in the circuit. The crystal filter can be configured to filter out unwanted frequencies from the sum signal, allowing signals of the desired frequency or range of frequencies to pass through. This helps maintain the frequency stability of the RF generator, ensuring that it operates at the desired frequency regardless of changes in input signals or environmental conditions.

[0044] Finally, another amplitude limiting stage can be located on the output side of the circuit. Similar to the first amplitude limiting stage, this amplitude limiting stage can limit the amplitude of the output signal to a predetermined level, ensuring that the output signal of the injection locked oscillator circuit is within a desired amplitude range. In various embodiments, this amplitude limiting stage can also convert the sinusoidal wave to a square wave, to provide a square wave output signal from the injection locked oscillator circuit.

[0045] In some embodiments, as described above, the injection locked oscillator circuit can be part of an RF generator in a modular wireless power system. The injection locked oscillator circuit can be configured to generate a stable frequency signal that can be adjusted based on an input signal, such as a sum voltage derived from a voltage signal and a current signal. This enables the RF generator to adjust its phase, and maintain frequency lock with other RF generators in the system, facilitating efficient and stable wireless power transmission in the system.

[0046] Turning now to Figure 5 and Figure 6 a set of graphs related to a modular wireless power system with injection locked RF generators are depicted. Figure 5 A graph showing phase shift in degrees versus frequency deviation from a center frequency of 6.78 MHz is illustrated. This graph can illustrate the phase response characteristics of the injection locked oscillator in some aspects. The phase shift can represent the difference in phase between the input and output of the injection locked oscillator. The frequency deviation can represent the difference between the actual operating frequency of the oscillator and the center frequency of 6.78 MHz. This graph can demonstrate the operating performance of the RF generator in terms of phase stability over a range of frequencies.

[0047] In various embodiments, the phase shift can vary linearly with the frequency deviation, indicating a linear phase response of the injection locked oscillator. In some embodiments, the phase shift can vary non-linearly with the frequency deviation, indicating a non-linear phase response of the injection locked oscillator. The specific relationship between the phase shift and the frequency deviation can depend on various factors, such as the design of the injection locked oscillator, the operating conditions of the RF generator, and the mutual coupling between resonators.

[0048] Figure 6 A graph showing DC power in Watts versus frequency deviation from the same center frequency of 6.78 MHz is illustrated. This graph can compare the power characteristics of a single system with the power characteristics of the right and left RF generators within a modular system. The DC power can represent the power consumed by the RF generator, while the frequency deviation can represent the difference between the actual operating frequency of the RF generator and the center frequency of 6.78 MHz. This graph can demonstrate the operating performance of the RF generator in terms of power consumption over a range of frequencies.

[0049] In some aspects, the DC power can increase with an increase in the frequency deviation, indicating a positive correlation between power consumption and frequency deviation. In other aspects, the DC power can decrease with an increase in the frequency deviation, indicating a negative correlation between power consumption and frequency deviation. The specific relationship between DC power and frequency deviation can depend on various factors, such as the design of the RF generator, the operating conditions of the RF generator, and the mutual coupling between resonators.

[0050] Referring now to Figure 7 , a photograph of an experimental setup for a modular wireless power system with an injection-locked RF generator is depicted. The setup can include various electronic equipment, such as an oscilloscope, a function generator, and other measurement devices on a workbench. In some aspects, the setup can be located in a laboratory environment where the system is being tested and analyzed.

[0051] In the foreground of the photograph, a resonator with an attached circuit board can be seen. The resonator can be one of the resonators in the modular wireless power system, such as the first resonator, the second resonator, or the third resonator. The resonator can be connected to the RF generator, which can be configured to drive the resonator at a desired frequency. As described above, the RF generator can include various components, such as a class-E amplifier, an injection-locked oscillator, and a low-pass filter.

[0052] In various embodiments, a wireless LED load can be located to the right of the resonator in the photograph. The LED load can represent a device that wirelessly receives power from the resonator. The LED load can be coupled to the resonator through the magnetic field generated by the resonator, allowing wireless power to be transmitted from the resonator to the LED load. The LED load can include one or more LEDs that light up when they receive power from the resonator, demonstrating the wireless power transmission capabilities of the system.

[0053] The resonator and the LED load can demonstrate the practical application of the system in real-world environments. In some aspects, the resonator and the LED load can be movable, allowing the configuration of the wireless power zone to easily adapt to changing environments and geometries. This can provide flexibility in the placement of the resonator and the LED load, facilitating efficient and convenient wireless power transmission in various application scenarios.

[0054] Referring now to Figure 8 , a photograph of an experimental setup for a modular wireless power system with an injection-locked RF generator is depicted. In some aspects, the system can include two separate resonators, each with an associated circuit, placed in a particular arrangement. Each resonator (which can be the first resonator, the second resonator, or the third resonator as previously described) can be wirelessly coupled to an LED load. The lit LEDs in the photograph can indicate the LED loads, demonstrating the wireless power transmission capabilities of the system.

[0055] In various embodiments, the resonators can be connected to a power source via a cable, such as the red cable shown in the photograph. The cable can provide DC power to the RF generator associated with each resonator, enabling the RF generator to generate an RF signal that drives the resonator. The power source can be any suitable power source capable of providing the requisite DC power, such as a battery, power adapter, or power supply unit.

[0056] The experimental setup can also include various electronic equipment and tools, as shown in the background of the photograph. This can indicate that the system is being tested and analyzed in a laboratory environment. The electronic equipment can include devices such as oscilloscopes, function generators, frequency counters, and other measurement equipment, which can be used to monitor and analyze the performance of the system.

[0057] In some aspects, the resonators and LED loads can be movable, allowing the configuration of the wireless power zone to be easily adapted to changing environments and geometries. This can provide flexibility in the placement of the resonators and LED loads, facilitating efficient and convenient wireless power transmission in various application scenarios. For example, the resonators can be moved closer or farther apart to adjust the mutual inductance between them, thereby affecting the frequency locking of the RF generators. Similarly, the LED loads can be moved closer or farther apart from the resonators to adjust the power received by the loads.

[0058] In various embodiments, as previously mentioned, resonators can be added, removed, or moved to different locations within the wireless power zone. This can allow for the creation of a wireless power zone that can adapt to changing environments and geometries, providing maximum flexibility in the deployment of the system. For example, additional resonators can be added to expand the wireless power zone, or existing resonators can be moved to different locations to adapt the wireless power zone to new environments or geometries.

[0059] Turning now to Figure 9 , depicted is a set of graphs showing performance characteristics of a modular wireless power system with injection-locked RF generators. The top of the graph can demonstrate the change in DC power consumption of the left-side RF generator and the right-side RF generator with respect to frequency deviation from the center frequency of 6.78 MHz. In some aspects, the left-side RF generator can be represented by circles, and the right-side RF generator can be represented by squares. The graph can demonstrate the relationship between frequency deviation and DC power consumption, both of which are critical parameters for maintaining stable and efficient wireless power transmission in the system.

[0060] In various embodiments, the DC power consumption of the RF generator can increase with an increase in the frequency deviation, indicating a positive correlation between power consumption and frequency deviation. In some embodiments, the DC power consumption of the RF generator can decrease with an increase in the frequency deviation, indicating a negative correlation between power consumption and frequency deviation. The specific relationship between DC power and frequency deviation can depend on various factors, such as the design of the RF generator, the operating conditions of the RF generator, and the mutual coupling between resonators.

[0061] Figure 9 The lower portion of the graph can show the phase difference between the RF generators within the same frequency range. The graph can indicate the phase-locked behavior of the system. In some aspects, the phase difference between the RF generators can remain constant within the frequency range, indicating that the RF generators are frequency-locked. In some embodiments, the phase difference between the RF generators can vary within the frequency range, indicating that the RF generators are adjusting their phases to maintain frequency-locked.

[0062] In some embodiments, the system can be able to maintain frequency-locked as long as the difference in load between the two sides is less than about 28W. This can mean that the system can tolerate a certain degree of imbalance in the resonator loads while still maintaining frequency-locked. This feature can provide flexibility in the wireless load distribution between resonators, facilitating efficient and convenient wireless power transfer in various application scenarios.

[0063] Referring now to Figure 10 , a graph is depicted in which the power transfer is plotted against the change in phase difference between two resonators in a modular wireless power system. The horizontal axis of the graph can be labeled with the sine of the phase difference between RF currents in the resonators, sin(0 1- 2), and the vertical axis can represent the power transfer P1→2 in Watts (W). The graph can include data points labeled "measured values" that are fitted with a "linear fit" line, indicating a linear relationship between the power transfer and the sine of the phase difference.

[0064] In some aspects, the power transfer between two resonators can be calculated by measuring the DC power and subtracting the DC power consumption of the RF generator when the two resonators are uncoupled. The resulting excess power can then be divided by 2 to calculate the power transfer. This calculation can provide a measure of the power transfer between resonators, which can be used to maintain frequency-locked between the RF generators.

[0065] In various embodiments, the power transfer between resonators can be proportional to the sine of the phase difference between the RF currents in the resonators. This can mean that the power transfer increases when the phase difference approaches 90 degrees, and decreases when the phase difference approaches 0 or 180 degrees. This relationship can provide a mechanism for the RF generators to adjust their phases to maintain a constant phase difference, and thus frequency locking, regardless of how the mutual coupling between the resonators changes.

[0066] In some embodiments, the system can be modular, such that each resonator can be added, removed, or moved to a different location. This modularity can provide flexibility to adapt the wireless power zone to changing environments and geometries. For example, additional resonators can be added to expand the wireless power zone, or existing resonators can be moved to different locations to adapt the wireless power zone to new environments or geometries. In this case, each RF generator can be connected to a separate LC resonator in the magnetic resonant wireless power source, and can be configured to sense the RF current of the other RF generators through the mutual inductance between the resonators, and use this sensed current to frequency lock the RF generator.

[0067] The foregoing description sets forth exemplary aspects of the disclosure. However, it should be recognized that this description is not intended as being a limitation on the scope of the disclosure. To the contrary, the description is also intended to encompass combinations and modifications of the exemplary aspects described herein. Numerous implementations have been described. However, it will be understood that various modifications can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the disclosure. Accordingly, other implementations are within the scope of the following claims.

[0068] The above-mentioned features, structures or characteristics can be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments, and the features discussed in various embodiments are interchangeable. In the following description, numerous specific details are provided to provide a thorough understanding of embodiments of the disclosure. One skilled in the relevant art will recognize, however, that the technology disclosed can be practiced without one or more of the specific details, or with other methods, components, materials, etc. In other instances, well-known structures, materials, or operations are not shown or described in detail to avoid obscuring aspects of the disclosure.

[0069] Although relative terms such as "upper," "lower," "upper portion," and "lower portion" are used in this specification to describe one component's relationship to another component, such terms are used herein for convenience only, e.g., as an example of the orientation shown in the figures. It is understood that if the device were turned over, the "upper" component would become the "lower" component. When a structure is "on" another structure, it can be integrally formed with the other structure or it can be "directly" on the other structure or it can be "indirectly" on the other structure via other structures.

[0070] In this specification, terms such as "one," "an," "the," and "said" are used to indicate that one or more elements and components exist. Unless otherwise specified in the appended claims, the terms "comprise," "comprising," "including," "including," "having," "have," and variants thereof are open-ended and mean additional elements, components, etc. are included.

[0071] The terms "first," "second," and the like are used only as labels, and do not imply any limitation on the number of objects. It will be understood that if a plurality of components is shown, these components can be referred to as "first" components, "second" components, etc. within the scope of application.

[0072] The above-described embodiments of the present disclosure are merely possible examples of implementation to clearly understand the principles of the present disclosure. Many changes and modifications can be made to the above-described embodiments without substantially departing from the spirit and principles of the present disclosure. All such modifications and changes are intended to be included within the scope of the present disclosure herein and protected by the following claims.

Claims

1. A wireless power system, comprising: A magnetic resonance wireless power supply with multiple coupled LC resonators, each driven by a separate radio frequency (RF) generator; Each RF generator is configured to sense the phase of other RF generators and adjust its own phase to maintain a constant phase difference between itself and the other RF generators; and The system is modular, allowing each resonator to be added, removed, or moved to different locations.

2. The wireless power system according to claim 1, wherein, Each RF generator includes a Class E amplifier driven by an injection-locked oscillator.

3. The wireless power system according to claim 2, wherein, Each RF generator also includes a low-pass filter configured to output a current sine wave with an approximately constant amplitude.

4. The wireless power system according to claim 3, wherein, Each RF generator is configured to sense the phase of the RF current of other RF generators by sensing the induced voltage sensed by the low-pass filter.

5. The wireless power system according to claim 4, wherein, Each RF generator includes a variable capacitor that is controlled to maintain a consistent reactance at the output of the RF generator.

6. The wireless power system according to claim 5, wherein, Each RF generator is configured to adjust its own phase based on a sum of voltage and current signals derived from voltage and current signals multiplied by a corresponding gain factor.

7. The wireless power system according to claim 6, wherein, Each RF generator is configured to maintain frequency lock by adjusting the variable capacitor in the presence of environmental detuning.

8. A wireless power system, comprising: Multiple radio frequency (RF) generators, each connected to a separate LC resonator in the magnetic resonance wireless power supply; Each RF generator is configured to sense the RF current of other RF generators through the mutual inductance between the resonators, and to use the sensed current to frequency lock the RF generator.

9. The wireless power system according to claim 8, wherein, The system is modular, allowing each resonator to be added, removed, or moved to different locations.

10. The wireless power system according to claim 8, wherein, Each RF generator includes a Class E amplifier driven by an injection-locked oscillator, and each RF generator also includes a low-pass filter configured to output a current sine wave with an approximately constant amplitude.

11. The wireless power system according to claim 10, wherein, Each RF generator is configured to sense the phase of the RF current of other RF generators by sensing the induced voltage sensed by the low-pass filter.

12. The wireless power system according to claim 11, wherein, Each RF generator includes a variable capacitor that is controlled to maintain a consistent reactance at the output of the RF generator.

13. The wireless power system according to claim 12, wherein, Each RF generator is configured to adjust its own phase based on a sum of voltage and current signals derived from voltage and current signals multiplied by a corresponding gain factor.

14. The wireless power system according to claim 13, wherein, Each RF generator is configured to maintain frequency lock by adjusting the variable capacitor in the presence of environmental detuning.

15. A method for forming a wireless power region, comprising: Provides a magnetic resonance wireless power supply with multiple coupled LC resonators, each driven by a separate radio frequency (RF) generator; Each RF generator is configured to sense the phase of other RF generators and adjust its own phase to maintain a constant phase difference between itself and other RF generators. as well as The configuration of the wireless power zone can be modified by adding, removing, or moving the resonator to a different location.

16. The method according to claim 15, wherein, Each RF generator includes a Class E amplifier driven by an injection-locked oscillator.

17. The method according to claim 16, wherein, Each RF generator also includes a low-pass filter configured to output a current sine wave with an approximately constant amplitude.

18. The method according to claim 17, wherein, Each RF generator is configured to sense the phase of the RF current of other RF generators by sensing the induced voltage sensed by the low-pass filter.

19. The method according to claim 18, wherein, Each RF generator includes a variable capacitor that is controlled to maintain a consistent reactance at the output of the RF generator.

20. The method according to claim 19, wherein, Each RF generator is configured to adjust its own phase based on a sum of voltage and current signals derived from voltage and current signals multiplied by a corresponding gain factor.

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