Block chain-based power grid energy transaction and data management method

Abstract

The invention relates to a power system and block chain fusion technology, and provides a block chain-based power grid equipment full-life-cycle management system and a block chain-based power grid equipment full-life-cycle management method. In order to solve the problems that equipment authentication is not transparent, data is easy to tamper, operation and maintenance information is difficult to trace and the like, a decentralized, non-tamper and traceable block chain platform is constructed, and data uplink management of the equipment in the whole process from manufacturing, installation, operation to decommissioning is achieved. The system comprises a block chain network layer, an intelligent contract, an identity authentication module, a data acquisition and supervision auditing module, and supports real-time access of devices such as a transformer and a circuit breaker through light nodes. The operations of authentication, maintenance, scrapping and the like are automatically executed by using an intelligent contract, and the data security is guaranteed by combining multi-level authority control. And full-amount information of the equipment forms an electronic identity card, so that credible storage of data and responsibility tracing are realized. And a supervisor can perform compliance examination and abnormity tracking through a special interface. The method is suitable for smart power grids, distributed energy and other scenes, and the intelligence, safety and transparency of power grid management are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the technical field of the integration and application of power system and blockchain technology. Specifically, it relates to a power grid energy trading and data management system and method based on blockchain technology, which is applicable to efficient and secure energy trading and data management scenarios in the context of distributed energy access. Background Technology

[0002] Digital transformation of the power system is a crucial direction for promoting energy structure optimization and intelligent upgrading. With the rapid development of distributed energy resources (such as solar, wind, and electric vehicle energy storage), traditional power grids face a series of challenges, including low energy trading efficiency, poor data security, and severe information silos. How to build a secure, efficient, and transparent energy trading and data management system has become a critical issue that the power grid industry urgently needs to address.

[0003] Blockchain technology, with its decentralized, immutable, and traceable characteristics, offers a novel solution for the power system. Through a blockchain platform, automated execution of energy transactions, secure data sharing, and trusted verification can be achieved, thereby improving the operational efficiency and security of the power grid system.

[0004] However, the application of blockchain in the power grid sector still faces many limitations in existing technologies. For example, traditional centralized energy trading platforms rely on intermediaries, resulting in complex and costly trading processes; power grid data is mostly stored in a centralized manner, making it vulnerable to attacks or tampering, affecting the accuracy of dispatch decisions; at the same time, distributed energy lacks a unified access mechanism, making it difficult to achieve real-time supply and demand matching and collaborative dispatch; in addition, severe data barriers between different business systems hinder cross-departmental collaboration and information sharing.

[0005] Morphological processing and connected component analysis, as key techniques in digital system modeling and data management, have been gradually introduced into the field of power data governance in recent years. Morphological processing mainly focuses on extracting the structural features of the system state, while connected component analysis, through the identification of node relationships, enables the precise location of abnormal network behavior. Both methods have shown great potential in improving system stability and data integrity.

[0006] Therefore, this invention aims to solve the above-mentioned problems by providing a power grid energy trading and data management system and method based on blockchain technology. By constructing a consortium blockchain network architecture and combining it with a smart contract automatic execution mechanism, it achieves disintermediation of energy trading and full lifecycle management of data. Simultaneously, it introduces multi-level permission control and a lightweight node access mechanism to ensure data security and flexible access to distributed energy resources. This solution not only improves the intelligence level of the power grid system but also provides reliable support for the development of the energy internet.

[0007] The power system is evolving towards a more open, intelligent, and green direction. Faced with ever-increasing electricity demand and the pressure of energy transition, traditional power grid management models are no longer sufficient to meet the high-efficiency operation requirements of modern power systems. Against this backdrop, the application of blockchain technology has brought unprecedented transformative opportunities to the power grid industry. By building decentralized energy trading platforms and data sharing mechanisms, not only can trading efficiency and system security be improved, but the electricity market can also be promoted towards a fairer and more transparent direction.

[0008] In summary, the technical field of this invention covers multiple interdisciplinary areas such as power systems, blockchain technology, energy trading management, and data security. It aims to solve problems such as low energy trading efficiency, significant data security risks, and severe information silos in the power grid industry through blockchain technology, thereby improving the intelligence, security, and sustainable development capabilities of the power grid system. Summary of the Invention

[0009] This invention addresses the problems of complex authentication processes, easily tampered data, and difficulty in tracing operation and maintenance information in existing power grid equipment. It provides a blockchain-based method for power grid equipment authentication and security protection, aiming to achieve the management goals of reliable recording of equipment information throughout its entire lifecycle, traceable operation, and controllable access, thereby improving the security and operational efficiency of the power grid system.

[0010] To achieve the above objectives, the blockchain-based power grid equipment authentication and security protection method of the present invention mainly includes the following steps:

[0011] First, during the equipment manufacturing stage, the equipment's identity information (including the source of raw materials, production batch, date of manufacture, configuration parameters, etc.) is written into the blockchain to form a unique digital identity.

[0012] Second, during the equipment transportation and installation phase, the transportation company and installation team update the equipment status information through light nodes, and all change records are stored on the blockchain.

[0013] Third, after the equipment is put into operation, it collects operating status data through IoT sensors and uploads it to the blockchain platform on a regular basis to ensure that the data is tamper-proof and traceable.

[0014] Fourth, use smart contract modules to automatically verify equipment compliance, trigger maintenance plans or scrapping processes, and reduce human intervention;

[0015] Fifth, establish a multi-level access control mechanism and set access control policies according to different roles to ensure secure sharing of system data and privacy protection;

[0016] Sixth, regulatory agencies access on-chain data through dedicated interfaces to conduct compliance reviews and track abnormal behavior.

[0017] As a further improvement to the above solution, the fourth step includes the following steps:

[0018] First, the smart contract reads the device's operating data to determine whether it meets the preset health assessment standards;

[0019] Second, if an abnormal state is detected or regular maintenance is required, the smart contract will automatically generate a work order and notify the maintenance personnel.

[0020] Third, after the operation and maintenance is completed, the person in charge shall upload the processing results and sign to confirm, and the relevant information shall be stored on the blockchain simultaneously.

[0021] Fourth, the system automatically triggers the decommissioning process and generates historical records based on the equipment's service life and changes in status.

[0022] Blockchain has the following characteristics:

[0023] Blockchain is a decentralized distributed ledger technology platform that supports multiple nodes to participate in recording and verifying transactions. Its core characteristics include:

[0024] ① Decentralization: It does not rely on a single central node. All participants jointly maintain the ledger data, which enhances the robustness of the system;

[0025] ②Immutability: Once data is on the blockchain, it cannot be modified or deleted; information can only be added by creating new records.

[0026] ③ Transparent and traceable: All transaction and operation records are publicly visible (based on access permissions), facilitating auditing and accountability;

[0027] ④ Consensus mechanism: Consensus algorithms such as PBFT and PoA are used to ensure data consistency among nodes and prevent malicious tampering;

[0028] ⑤ Smart Contracts: Based on trusted on-chain data, they automatically execute business rules, improving operational efficiency and automation levels.

[0029] This invention manages data from the entire process of power grid equipment from manufacturing to decommissioning on the blockchain, uses smart contracts to drive key operations, and combines multi-level access control and real-time monitoring functions to achieve an efficient management model where equipment identities are authentic and trustworthy, operations are verifiable, and maintenance responsibilities are clearly defined.

[0030] This method not only improves the automation level of equipment authentication and security management, but also enhances the ability of the power grid system to resist external attacks. It is applicable to various power scenarios such as substations, transmission lines, and distributed energy access, and has good promotion value and application prospects. Attached Figure Description

[0031] Figure 1The flowchart illustrates the complete process of a blockchain-based power grid energy trading and data management method, including multi-source data acquisition, data preprocessing and on-chain, smart contract and model collaborative analysis, fault prediction and transaction decision integration, operation and maintenance and transaction decision execution, result on-chain and terminal push, intuitively presenting the logical relationship of the entire process from data acquisition to result application.

[0032] Figure 2 The system architecture flowchart of this invention illustrates the overall structure of the blockchain-based power grid energy trading and data management system, including the interaction between the blockchain network layer, smart contract module, data acquisition and on-chain module, user interface module, distributed energy access module, and supervision and audit module.

[0033] Figure 3 This is a detailed operation flowchart of an embodiment of the present invention, which describes in detail the entire process from data collection, transaction matching, contract execution to settlement completion and data storage, and highlights the core mechanism of automatic execution of smart contracts and the green energy certification and trading process. Detailed Implementation

[0034] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the present invention, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are merely some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort should fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0035] Reference Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 The present invention provides a blockchain-based method for power grid energy trading and data management, which mainly includes the following steps:

[0036] First, construct the consortium blockchain network layer and deploy the smart contract module.

[0037] Specifically, a consortium blockchain structure is adopted, consisting of multiple nodes including energy suppliers, users, regulatory agencies, and grid operators, who jointly maintain the ledger data. It supports various consensus mechanisms (such as PBFT and PoA), balancing transaction speed and security. A smart contract module is deployed to automatically execute energy trading rules, electricity pricing mechanisms, settlement processes, and data verification. The smart contract module includes transaction matching contracts, settlement contracts, data verification contracts, and green energy certification contracts, achieving fully automated processing of the entire electricity trading process.

[0038] Second, data on power grid operation is collected by sensors and encrypted before being uploaded to the blockchain.

[0039] Specifically, sensors and edge computing devices are deployed in substations, transmission lines, and distributed energy facilities to collect data such as power generation, power consumption, equipment status, and environmental parameters in real time. After preprocessing operations such as cleaning, normalization, and feature extraction on the raw data, the data is encrypted using a hash algorithm, and the encrypted data is written into a blockchain ledger to generate a unique identifier, ensuring that the data is tamper-proof and traceable.

[0040] Third, users participate in P2P energy trading through web / mobile interfaces.

[0041] Specifically, users access the blockchain network through an identity authentication mechanism to view their transaction records and energy usage, and submit requests to buy or sell electricity. Smart contracts match trading parties based on supply and demand information, dynamically adjust electricity prices, and automatically execute transaction terms to complete electricity delivery and fund settlement. All transaction records are simultaneously uploaded to the blockchain for evidence storage, allowing for subsequent auditing and traceability.

[0042] Fourth, household solar panels, electric vehicle energy storage, and other devices can connect to the blockchain network via light nodes and publish energy supply / demand information.

[0043] Specifically, equipment manufacturers register their equipment's identity information on the blockchain. The equipment connects to the blockchain network via a light node, publishing energy supply or demand information. Smart contracts automatically generate transaction orders based on supply and demand matching results and complete settlement. After each transaction, the equipment status is updated to ensure data consistency.

[0044] Fifth, introduce a multi-level access control mechanism to ensure a balance between data security and data sharing.

[0045] Specifically, access control policies are set according to different roles: ordinary users can only view their own transaction records, enterprise users can view data from their own devices, and regulators can access all transaction data across the network. Combining zero-knowledge proofs and homomorphic encryption technology, data sharing is achieved while protecting user privacy. Access control policies are automatically executed through smart contracts to prevent unauthorized data reading and modification.

[0046] Sixth, establish a green electricity certificate trading mechanism and link it with carbon emission rights.

[0047] Specifically, the system generates green electricity certificates (green certificates) based on clean energy power generation data and stores and trades them through a blockchain platform. Once the green certificate information is on the blockchain, its authenticity and immutability are ensured. Simultaneously, green certificate trading and carbon emission rights trading form a linkage mechanism, enhancing the liquidity of green assets and promoting the achievement of carbon neutrality goals.

[0048] Seventh, automatically trigger equipment maintenance plans and scrapping processes through smart contracts.

[0049] Specifically, the smart contract reads the equipment's operational data to determine if it meets preset health assessment standards. If an abnormal state is detected or regular maintenance is required, the smart contract automatically generates a work order and notifies the maintenance personnel. After maintenance is completed, the responsible person uploads the processing results and signs for confirmation, and relevant information is simultaneously recorded on the blockchain for evidence storage. Based on the equipment's age and status changes, the system automatically triggers the retirement process and generates historical files.

[0050] Eighth, regulatory agencies access on-chain data through a dedicated interface to conduct compliance reviews and track abnormal behavior.

[0051] Specifically, regulatory agencies can access on-chain transaction data through a dedicated interface to conduct market behavior analysis, compliance reviews, and risk assessments. All transaction and operation records are traceable, facilitating post-event accountability and auditing, and enhancing mutual trust among governments, businesses, and consumers.

[0052] The specific steps are as follows:

[0053] Step 1) Device registration and data upload to the blockchain

[0054] During the equipment manufacturing phase, the manufacturer writes key data such as the equipment's identity information, manufacturing date, and configuration parameters into the blockchain; the transportation company is responsible for updating the transportation route information, and the installation unit uploads the equipment installation location and time. All data changes must be verified through consensus among a majority of nodes to ensure the information is authentic and tamper-proof.

[0055] Step 2) Energy trading matching and execution

[0056] Users submit electricity purchase or sale requests through the platform. The system dynamically adjusts prices based on factors such as market prices, supply and demand, and time-based electricity rates. Smart contracts automatically match the two parties and generate orders. After electricity delivery, fund settlement is executed by the smart contract. Default will trigger credit score deductions or account freezing mechanisms.

[0057] Step 3) Equipment health monitoring and fault early warning

[0058] Sensors collect operational data from critical equipment such as transformers and circuit breakers, which is then uploaded to a blockchain platform. The data is analyzed by an AI model to generate an equipment health score, which the system uses to classify risk levels and identify potential faults. High-risk equipment triggers an alarm to notify maintenance personnel; repair results are uploaded, signed for confirmation, and simultaneously recorded on the blockchain.

[0059] Step 4) Green Energy Certification and Trading Execution

[0060] Green energy producers such as wind farms and solar power plants upload their power generation data to the blockchain. The system automatically generates green electricity certificates and stores them on the blockchain. After regulatory nodes verify the authenticity of the green certificates, companies can purchase them through smart contracts for environmental ratings or subsidy applications. The system also supports linked trading of green certificates and carbon emission rights, enhancing the liquidity of green assets.

[0061] Step 5) Regulatory Audit and Abnormal Behavior Identification

[0062] Regulatory agencies access on-chain data through a dedicated interface to conduct compliance reviews of transaction records, device status, and operational logs, and use data analytics to identify abnormal transaction behavior. Once an illegal operation is detected, the system will lock the relevant device and notify administrators for further action.

[0063] This embodiment achieves the integration of energy flow, data flow, and capital flow by constructing a decentralized energy trading network and data management system, effectively improving the security, transparency, and overall operational efficiency of energy trading.

Claims

1. A blockchain-based power grid energy trading and data management system, characterized in that, include: First, the blockchain network layer adopts a consortium blockchain structure, consisting of energy suppliers, users, regulatory agencies, and grid operators; Second, the smart contract module is used to automatically execute energy trading rules, electricity pricing mechanisms, settlement processes, and data verification operations; Third, the data acquisition and blockchain module is used to collect real-time power grid operation data such as power generation, power consumption, equipment status, and environmental parameters by deploying sensors, meters, and edge computing devices, and upload them to the blockchain through encryption algorithms; Fourth, the user interface module supports users in querying transaction records, monitoring energy usage, and participating in P2P transactions; Fifth, the distributed energy access module allows distributed energy devices such as home photovoltaic systems, electric vehicle charging piles, and energy storage devices to access the blockchain network through light nodes and publish energy supply / demand information; Sixth, the supervision and audit module provides a dedicated interface for regulatory agencies to access transaction data across the entire network and to use it for compliance review, abnormal behavior detection, and market risk assessment.

2. The blockchain-based power grid energy trading and data management system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The blockchain network layer supports multiple consensus mechanisms, including PBFT (Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance) and PoA (Proof of Authority), to balance transaction speed and security.

3. The blockchain-based power grid energy trading and data management system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The smart contract module includes the following sub-modules: First, the transaction matching contract is used to match electricity buyers and sellers based on supply and demand. Second, the settlement contract is used to automatically settle funds after the transaction is completed; Third, the data verification contract is used to verify the authenticity and integrity of the uploaded data; Fourth, green energy certification contracts are used for the generation, verification, and transaction management of green electricity certificates.

4. The blockchain-based power grid energy trading and data management system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The data acquisition and uploading module includes the following steps: First, deploy sensors and edge computing devices to collect power grid operation data in real time; Second, the collected data is preprocessed and features are extracted; Third, the data is encrypted using a hash encryption algorithm; Fourth, the encrypted data is written into the blockchain ledger to ensure that the data is immutable and traceable.

5. The blockchain-based power grid energy trading and data management system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The distributed energy access module includes the following steps: First, distributed energy devices are registered and obtain a unique digital identity. Second, the device connects to the blockchain network through a light node; Third, release information on energy supply or demand; Fourth, the system automatically generates transaction orders based on the supply and demand matching results and completes the settlement.

6. The blockchain-based power grid energy trading and data management system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The supervision and audit module includes the following functions: First, it provides a visual monitoring interface for accessing on-chain transaction data; Second, it supports regulatory agencies in identifying and issuing warnings about abnormal trading activities; Third, implement credit scoring and blacklist management functions for market entities; Fourth, support compliance review of green energy trading and linkage tracking of carbon emission rights.

7. A blockchain-based method for power grid energy trading and data management, characterized in that... Includes the following steps: First, data acquisition: collecting power grid operation data through sensors and uploading it to the blockchain; Second, transaction matching: smart contracts match trading parties based on supply and demand information; third, contract execution: smart contracts automatically execute transaction terms and complete settlement. Fourth, data storage: All transaction and operation records are stored on the blockchain for subsequent auditing and traceability; Fifth, fault early warning: Combine AI models to score the health status of equipment and predict potential faults; Sixth, green energy trading: Supports the generation, verification, and trading of green electricity certificates.

8. A blockchain-based method for power grid energy trading and data management according to claim 7, characterized in that: The green energy trading steps further include the following: First, generate green electricity certificates based on renewable energy power generation data; Second, the green certificates are stored on the blockchain for evidence preservation. Third, support the circulation and transfer of green certificates on trading platforms; Fourth, establish a linkage mechanism between green electricity certificates and carbon emission trading to enhance the liquidity of green assets.

9. A blockchain-based method for power grid energy trading and data management according to claim 7, characterized in that: The data storage process employs hash encryption technology and specifically includes the following steps: First, perform a hash operation on the original data to generate a data fingerprint; Second, write the data fingerprint into the blockchain block; Third, each data update generates a new hash value and associates it with historical records; Fourth, ensure that the data cannot be tampered with without authorization and is traceable.

10. A blockchain-based method for power grid energy trading and data management according to claim 7, characterized in that: The user-side interface module supports both web and mobile interfaces, specifically including the following steps: First, users access the blockchain network through an identity authentication mechanism; Second, users can view real-time electricity prices, electricity consumption, electricity bill details, and other information. Third, users submit requests to purchase or sell electricity; Fourth, smart contracts automatically match transactions and complete settlements, with transaction records simultaneously uploaded to the blockchain for evidence storage.

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