Method for manually dropwise supplementing water-less paper pulp for water-sensitive paper cultural relics

Abstract

The invention discloses a water-deficient paper pulp manual dropwise supplementing method for a water-sensitive paper cultural relic. The method comprises the following steps: (1) carrying out dry cleaning on a paper sheet to be repaired; (2) carrying out moistening treatment on the paper sheet by adopting a Sympatex material; and (3) sequentially laying absorbent paper and Hollytex polyester fiber cloth on a vacuum adsorption table, then adsorbing the paper sheet to be repaired on the surface of the Hollytex polyester fiber cloth under the action of vacuum adsorption, continuously carrying out dropwise supplementing on the paper sheet by using the paper pulp under the action of vacuum adsorption until the thickness of the paper pulp is close to the thickness of the original paper sheet, drying, and flattening to finish repairing. According to the method, a Sympatex material is adopted to moisten the paper sheets, so that the humidity of the paper sheets can be effectively adjusted, and the surfaces of cultural relics are not damaged; in the dripping repair process, the Hollytex polyester fiber cloth is adopted as a supporting body, and a vacuum adsorption auxiliary infiltration process is combined, so that the bonding strength between the paper pulp and the paper can be effectively improved, and the repair strength is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of ancient book restoration technology, and in particular to a method for manually dripping water-sensitive paper pulp to repair water-sensitive paper artifacts. Background Technology

[0002] In the field of ancient book restoration, the manual drip-patching method using pulp has become an important technical means for restoring paper documents that are often infested with insects and where patching paper is hard to find, due to its high efficiency, adaptability, and material flexibility. For example, patent CN100510257C discloses a pulp restoration process for ancient books, paintings, and paper documents. The process is as follows: (1) Select pulp material according to the paper of the ancient books and paintings to be restored. Put the pulp material into a mixer, add water and suspending agent, and stir and crush evenly. The weight ratio of raw paper, suspending agent and water is: raw paper 5-20, suspending agent 5-15, water 500-1000. Stirring time is 30-90 seconds. Take out the pulp for later use. (2) Lay the ancient books and paintings to be restored flat on the repair frame made of handmade papermaking screen. Put the prepared pulp into the repair pen for repair. Drip repair is performed on the damaged parts of the ancient books and paintings. The repair is completed by the bonding force of the pulp when it is made into paper, the interweaving force of the fibers and the adhesion of the suspending agent. (3) Take the repaired ancient books and paintings off the repair frame, lay them flat on absorbent paper, absorb water, air dry naturally, remove and bind, and the repair work is completed.

[0003] However, traditional pulp drip repair has limitations in key performance aspects such as repair strength stability and appearance matching. For example, insufficient paper strength after repair can lead to durability issues; using bamboo mats as a support can cause mismatches in the texture of the repaired paper; and controlling uniformity and flatness is difficult when repairing large areas of damage. Furthermore, pulp drip repair cannot completely avoid contact with water, and traditional methods typically involve repairing while the paper is wet, making it difficult for water to naturally seep in at a rate sufficient to increase repair strength. Traditional wet pulp drip repair is also ineffective for water-sensitive media or paper, such as manuscripts and letters whose ink is easily absorbed by water. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This invention aims to overcome the aforementioned problems of existing pulp drip repair methods and provides a low-water pulp manual drip repair method for water-sensitive paper artifacts. It employs SYMPATEX material to moisten the paper, ensuring effective regulation of paper humidity without damaging the artifact's surface. During drip repair, Hollytex polyester fiber cloth is used as a support, combined with a vacuum adsorption-assisted seepage process, which effectively enhances the bonding strength between the pulp and paper, thereby improving the repair strength.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: A method for manually dripping and patching water-sensitive paper artifacts with low-water pulp includes the following steps: (1) Dry clean the paper to be repaired; (2) Lay out plastic film, damp towel, Sympatex film, paper to be repaired, Sympatex film, damp towel, and plastic film in sequence on the worktable. After pressing the edges with a paperweight, moisten and flatten the paper to be repaired. (3) Place absorbent paper and Hollytex polyester fiber cloth on the vacuum adsorption table in sequence. Then, under the vacuum adsorption, adsorb the paper to be repaired onto the surface of Hollytex polyester fiber cloth. Continue to drip the pulp onto the paper under the vacuum adsorption until the pulp thickness is close to the original thickness. After drying and flattening, the repair is completed.

[0006] This invention first moistens the paper with Sympatex material before applying the drip repair. Sympatex film is a waterproof and breathable film. This invention places Sympatex film, a damp towel, and a plastic film on both sides of the paper in sequence, and then presses the edges together to form a closed moistening structure. The moistening structure of this invention utilizes the waterproof and breathable properties of Sympatex material to create a mild moistening environment for water-sensitive paper artifacts by controlling the slow migration of moisture. This allows the paper to regain some of its flexibility in a moderately humid environment, and the paper can be evenly flattened without getting wet, making it easier for the edges to not curl up during subsequent drip repair. At the same time, it avoids damage to the artifact due to excessive moisture, and is especially suitable for flattening artifacts that cannot be directly exposed to water.

[0007] In this invention, Hollytex polyester fiber cloth is used as a support and vacuum adsorption process during drip repair. Hollytex is made of continuous long-filament polyester fiber, which has good air permeability and can play a protective and filtering role. During the pulp repair process, it can filter out excess water and retain only pulp fibers. Moreover, Hollytex polyester fiber cloth has high strength and an extremely smooth surface, so it will not stick to the pulp during drip repair, resulting in good repair effect. At the same time, this invention assists vacuum adsorption during drip repair. Under the action of vacuum adsorption force, the pulp can quickly seep down. The faster seepage speed can promote the even distribution of fibers at the damaged area, effectively reducing the generation of air bubbles and voids, enhancing the bonding force of the paper, and thus significantly improving the strength and quality of the repaired paper. Furthermore, by accelerating the pulp seepage speed, the pulp fibers can more fully fill the damaged area, forming a tight fiber interwoven structure, promoting the formation of hydrogen bonds, and improving the bonding strength of the paper. At the same time, rapid seepage can also shorten the drying time, avoiding the strength loss caused by prolonged shrinkage of paper fibers during the drying process, further improving the repair effect.

[0008] As a preferred option, the paper to be repaired in step (1) is Tibetan paper made from wolfsbane roots. Wolfsbane paper is a traditional handmade paper made from wolfsbane roots in Tibet. Due to the toxicity of the raw material, it has the properties of being insect-proof, moisture-proof, and corrosion-proof, making it an important carrier for preserving Tibetan cultural classics and the main raw material for the restoration of Tibetan scriptures.

[0009] As a preferred method, during dry cleaning in step (1), one or more of the following are used to clean the surface dust of the paper: a soft brush, microfiber cloth, electrostatic dust removal paper, and latex-free sponge. Then, a scalpel and tweezers are used to treat the solid stains that cannot be removed.

[0010] Preferably, the vacuum level of the vacuum adsorption stage in step (3) is 15-25 kPa. The vacuum level during vacuum adsorption needs to be controlled within a suitable range. If the suction is too weak, the pulp will not be able to penetrate quickly, and if the suction is too strong, it may cause the paper to tear or the structure to separate.

[0011] Preferably, the method for preparing the pulp in step (3) is as follows: A) Tear the raw paper of wolfsbane into pieces and mix it with water and suspending agent to pulp, so as to obtain low-freeness wolfsbane pulp with a freeness of 5-10°SR and high-freeness wolfsbane pulp with a freeness of 10-15°SR respectively. B) Tear the Xuan paper into pieces, mix it with water and a suspending agent, and beat it to obtain Xuan paper pulp with a freeness of 15-20°SR; C) Under stirring conditions, high-beaten wolfsbane pulp is first added dropwise to low-beaten wolfsbane pulp, mixed evenly, and then Xuan paper pulp is added dropwise. After mixing evenly, the pulp is obtained; wherein, the mass ratio of low-beaten wolfsbane pulp, high-beaten wolfsbane pulp, and Xuan paper pulp is 10:4~6:1~3.

[0012] The characteristics of pulp fibers also significantly impact repair strength. Shorter pulp fibers disperse well in the suspension, simplifying the repair process and resulting in excellent smoothness and uniformity of the repaired paper. However, shorter fibers struggle to form an effective strength support network, leading to decreased paper strength after repair. Furthermore, lower pulp concentration and thinner fibers increase the difficulty of papermaking. Conversely, longer and more concentrated pulp fibers tend to entangle and clump together, resulting in poor smoothness and uniformity after drip irrigation. However, longer fibers can interweave to form a tighter structure, thus improving paper strength. Especially in vacuum-assisted adsorption processes, the length of the pulp fibers also affects the pulp infiltration rate.

[0013] This invention involves beating *Euphorbia fischeriana* pulp to different degrees of beating and mixing it with Xuan paper pulp as the pulp for drip repair. While the longer fibers of *Euphorbia fischeriana* improve repair strength, the tensile strength generated during the drying process is greater than that of shorter-fibered papers, making the drip repair joint prone to wrinkling and difficult to flatten. Xuan paper fibers, being shorter than *Euphorbia fischeriana* fibers, result in better flatness and uniformity after flattening and drying. The combination of the two helps balance repair strength and flatness. Furthermore, by beating *Euphorbia fischeriana* pulp to different degrees of beating, the fiber length and filtration rate vary. Mixing *Euphorbia fischeriana* pulp and Xuan paper pulp in a specific ratio allows for the adjustment of the fiber length distribution within the pulp to best match the vacuum adsorption process, resulting in repaired paper with both high strength and good flatness.

[0014] Preferably, in step A), the raw paper of *Euphorbia fischeriana* is first boiled for 20-30 minutes or soaked in water for 8-12 hours, then shredded and mixed with water and a suspending agent to form pulp. Boiling or soaking the *Euphorbia fischeriana* paper to fully soften the fibers before pulping yields better results than directly pulping the paper.

[0015] Preferably, in step A), the mass ratio of the original paper, water, and suspending agent of wolfsbane paper is 1:300-400:0.4-0.6.

[0016] Preferably, in step B), the mass ratio of Xuan paper, water, and suspending agent is 1:300-400:0.4-0.6.

[0017] Preferably, the suspending agent mentioned in steps A) and B) is one or both of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and methyl cellulose (MC).

[0018] Preferably, in step (3), during the drip repair, polyester film is laid on both sides of the paper to be repaired, and notches are cut in the polyester film on both sides at the corresponding repair points on the paper. Laying polyester film on both sides of the paper helps to reduce water penetration into the surrounding area and improves the overall quality.

[0019] Preferably, the thickness of the Hollytex polyester fiber cloth in step (3) is 0.04 to 0.07 mm.

[0020] Preferably, when the number of drip-applied layers in step (3) is three or more, after drip-applied application, Hollytex polyester fiber cloth and absorbent paper are placed sequentially at the drip-applied area, and the paper is pressed back and forth through the absorbent paper. This operation not only allows the Hollytex texture to be imprinted on the pulp surface, simulating a texture effect similar to the original paper, but also effectively absorbs excess water from the pulp, enhancing the compactness of the pulp.

[0021] Therefore, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: (1) Before dripping, the paper is moistened with Sympatex material to restore some of its flexibility in a moderately humid environment. The paper can be evenly stretched and flat without getting wet, which makes it easier for the edges to not curl up during subsequent dripping and avoids damage to the cultural relics due to excessive moisture. (2) During drip repair, the present invention uses Hollytex polyester fiber cloth as a support and assists in vacuum adsorption process, which can effectively improve the bonding strength between pulp and paper and improve the repair strength. (3) Beat the wolfsbane pulp to different degrees of beating and mix it with Xuan paper pulp as pulp for drip repair. This can adjust the fiber length distribution in the pulp to the state that best matches the vacuum adsorption process, so that the repaired paper has both high strength and good flatness. Attached Figure Description

[0022] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the stacking of each layer in the wetting step of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the stacking of each layer during the dripping process of this invention.

[0024] Figure 1 and Figure 2 In the middle: 1-Paper to be repaired, 2-Sympatex film, 3-Damp towel, 4-Plastic film, 5-Polyester film, 6-Hollytex polyester fiber cloth, 7-Absorbent paper, 8-Vacuum adsorption table.

[0025] Figure 3 These are comparison images of the warp pages before and after repair in Embodiment 1 of the present invention; wherein: (a) before repair; (b) after repair. Detailed Implementation

[0026] The present invention will now be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0027] In this invention, unless otherwise specified, all equipment and raw materials are available from the market or commonly used in the industry. Unless otherwise specified, the methods in the following embodiments are conventional methods in the art.

[0028] General Implementation Examples: A method for manually dripping and patching water-sensitive paper artifacts with low-water pulp includes the following steps: (1) Dry clean the paper to be repaired; (2) Figure 1As shown, plastic film 4, damp towel 3, Sympatex film 2, paper to be repaired 1, Sympatex film 2, damp towel 3, and plastic film 4 are laid out in sequence on the worktable. After pressing the edges with a paperweight, the paper to be repaired is moistened and flattened. (3) Figure 2 As shown, absorbent paper 7 and Hollytex polyester fiber cloth 6 are laid on the vacuum adsorption table 8 in sequence. Then, under the action of vacuum adsorption, the paper to be repaired is adsorbed onto the surface of Hollytex polyester fiber cloth. Under the action of vacuum adsorption, pulp is dripped onto the paper until the thickness of the pulp is close to the thickness of the original paper. After drying and flattening, the repair is completed.

[0029] In one specific implementation, the paper to be repaired in step (1) is Tibetan paper made from wolfsbane roots. Wolfsbane paper is a traditional handmade paper made from wolfsbane roots in Tibet. Due to the toxicity of the raw material, it has the properties of being insect-proof, moisture-proof, and corrosion-proof, making it an important carrier for preserving Tibetan cultural classics and the main raw material for the restoration of Tibetan scriptures.

[0030] As a specific implementation method, in step (1), during dry cleaning, one or more of the following are used to clean the floating dust on the paper surface: a soft brush, microfiber cloth, electrostatic dust removal paper, and latex-free sponge. Then, a scalpel and tweezers are used to treat the solid stains that cannot be removed.

[0031] In one specific implementation, the vacuum degree of the vacuum adsorption stage in step (3) is 15-25 kPa. The vacuum degree during vacuum adsorption needs to be controlled within a suitable range. If the suction force is too small, the pulp cannot be quickly penetrated; if the suction force is too large, it may cause the paper to tear or the structure to separate.

[0032] As one specific implementation method, the pulp preparation method in step (3) is as follows: A) Tear the raw paper of wolfsbane into pieces and mix it with water and suspending agent to pulp, so as to obtain low-freeness wolfsbane pulp with a freeness of 5-10°SR and high-freeness wolfsbane pulp with a freeness of 10-15°SR respectively. B) Tear the Xuan paper into pieces, mix it with water and a suspending agent, and beat it to obtain Xuan paper pulp with a freeness of 15-20°SR; C) Under stirring conditions, high-beaten wolfsbane pulp is first added dropwise to low-beaten wolfsbane pulp, mixed evenly, and then Xuan paper pulp is added dropwise. After mixing evenly, the pulp is obtained; wherein, the mass ratio of low-beaten wolfsbane pulp, high-beaten wolfsbane pulp, and Xuan paper pulp is 10:4~6:1~3.

[0033] In one specific implementation, in step A), the raw paper of *Euphorbia fischeriana* is first boiled for 20-30 minutes or soaked in water for 8-12 hours, then shredded and mixed with water and a suspending agent to form pulp. Boiling or soaking the *Euphorbia fischeriana* paper to fully soften the fibers before pulping yields better results than directly pulping the paper.

[0034] In one specific implementation, the mass ratio of the wolfsbane paper virgin paper, water, and suspending agent in step A) is 1:300-400:0.4-0.6.

[0035] In one specific implementation, the mass ratio of Xuan paper, water and suspending agent in step B) is 1:300-400:0.4-0.6.

[0036] In one specific implementation, the suspending agent mentioned in steps A) and B) is one or both of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and methyl cellulose (MC).

[0037] As one specific implementation method, such as Figure 2 As shown, in step (3), polyester film 5 is laid on both sides of the paper to be repaired during the drip repair process. The polyester film on both sides is cut with notches at the corresponding paper to be repaired, and the notch outline is 2-3 mm away from the outline of the paper to be repaired.

[0038] In one specific implementation, the thickness of the Hollytex polyester fiber cloth in step (3) is 0.04 to 0.07 mm.

[0039] As a specific implementation method, when the number of drip-applied layers in step (3) is three or more, after the drip-applied layer is completed, Hollytex polyester fiber cloth and absorbent paper are placed in sequence at the drip-applied area, and the absorbent paper is pressed back and forth.

[0040] As a specific implementation method, after drying and flattening in step (3), the edges of the repaired paper are sanded with sandpaper until they are rough. This treatment method can not only weaken the traces after trimming and make the edges of the paper more coordinated with the overall texture, but also simulate the natural wear and tear effect of cultural relics to a certain extent, which is in line with the principle of "restoring the old as it was" in cultural relic restoration and preserves the historical features and artistic value of cultural relics to the greatest extent.

[0041] In this embodiment of the invention, the restoration of the *Prajnaparamita Sutra in Eight Thousand Verses* is taken as an example. Figure 2 As shown, the sutra is in the form of long, loose-leaf Sanskrit binding, written in indigo gold ink, and in a loose-leaf format. The main defects of this sutra include wear, missing pages, insect damage, sticking together, and dust contamination. The damaged area is not large, mainly on the perimeter, where the paper fibers are fibrous and frayed. The main text in the middle is relatively well preserved and requires restoration.

[0042] Example 1: A method for manually dripping and patching water-sensitive paper artifacts with low-water pulp includes the following steps: (1) Dry cleaning of the paper to be repaired: First, use a latex-free sponge to gently wipe away dust and stains on the surface of the paper, avoiding writing with gold ink. Wipe repeatedly in the same direction several times, without rubbing in circles or back and forth, so as not to pick up paper fibers; then use a scalpel and tweezers to treat solid stains that cannot be removed by a soft brush. (2) Lay out plastic film, damp towel, Sympatex film, paper to be repaired, Sympatex film, damp towel, and plastic film in sequence on the worktable. After pressing the edges with paperweight, moisten and flatten the paper to be repaired. During the moistening process, check the warp every half hour to observe whether it has reached the appropriate level of moisture and whether the fibers are fully stretched. (3) After the warp is flat, lay absorbent paper (Tek-wipe) in sequence on the vacuum adsorption table. The repair process involves using TX612 polyester fiber cloth (0.05mm thick) and polyester film (with a notch cut in the polyester film at the repair area, the notch outline 2mm away from the repair area's outline). Under vacuum (20kPa), the warp leaf is adsorbed onto the polyester film surface. Another layer of polyester film with a notch cut in the repair area is then placed on top of the warp leaf. Pulp is then drip-patched onto the paper under vacuum. For areas without text on the four sides of the warp leaf, to enhance the strength of the repaired area and prevent the pulp from detaching from the warp leaf after drying, a double-sided overlapping drip-patching method can be used. When flipping the paper, a first layer of pulp should be applied above the warp leaf. Lay a Hollytex sheet flat, then carefully flip it over. After flipping, replace the absorbent paper as needed. Place the warp leaf on the absorbent paper, then gently peel off the Hollytex from the back of the warp leaf. Continue dripping. As the number of dripping layers increases, when you reach three or four layers, place a Hollytex sheet at the dripping point, then press back and forth with an absorbent paper in between. This operation not only allows the Hollytex texture to be imprinted on the pulp surface, simulating a texture similar to the original paper, but also effectively absorbs excess water from the pulp, enhancing its compactness. Repeat the above steps, continuing dripping until the pulp thickness is close to the original inner page thickness. The method for preparing the pulp used in drip filling is as follows: A) After soaking the raw paper of *Euphorbia fischeriana* in water for 12 hours, it is shredded and mixed with water and CMC at a mass ratio of 1:400:0.5 to obtain low-freezing *Euphorbia fischeriana* pulp with a freeness of 5°SR and high-freezing *Euphorbia fischeriana* pulp with a freeness of 10°SR, respectively; B) After shredding Xuan paper, it is mixed with water and CMC at a mass ratio of 1:400:0.5 to obtain Xuan paper pulp with a freeness of 15°SR; C) Under stirring conditions, high-beaten wolfsbane pulp is first added dropwise to low-beaten wolfsbane pulp and mixed evenly. Then, Xuan paper pulp is added dropwise and mixed evenly to obtain the pulp. The mass ratio of low-beaten wolfsbane pulp, high-beaten wolfsbane pulp, and Xuan paper pulp is 10:5:2. (4) When the warp blades are relatively flat, they can be removed and flattened. The next day, remove the flattened warp blades and gently sand their edges with sandpaper to create a rough edge. The comparison of the warp blades before and after repair is shown in the figure. Figure 3 As shown in the image.

[0043] Example 2: A method for manually dripping and patching water-sensitive paper artifacts with low-water pulp includes the following steps: (1) Dry cleaning of the paper to be repaired: First, use a latex-free sponge to gently wipe away dust and stains on the surface of the paper, avoiding writing with gold ink. Wipe repeatedly in the same direction several times, without rubbing in circles or back and forth, so as not to pick up paper fibers; then use a scalpel and tweezers to treat solid stains that cannot be removed by a soft brush. (2) Lay out plastic film, damp towel, Sympatex film, paper to be repaired, Sympatex film, damp towel, and plastic film in sequence on the worktable. After pressing the edges with paperweight, moisten and flatten the paper to be repaired. During the moistening process, check the warp every half hour to observe whether it has reached the appropriate level of moisture and whether the fibers are fully stretched. (3) After the warp is flat, lay absorbent paper (Tek-wipe) in sequence on the vacuum adsorption table. The repair process involves using TX612 polyester fiber cloth (0.05mm thick) and polyester film (with a notch cut in the polyester film at the repair area, the notch outline 2mm away from the repair area's outline). Under vacuum (15kPa), the warp leaf is adsorbed onto the polyester film surface. Another layer of polyester film with a notch cut in the repair area is then placed on top of the warp leaf. Pulp is then drip-patched onto the paper under vacuum. For areas without text on the four sides of the warp leaf, to enhance the strength of the repaired area and prevent the pulp from detaching from the warp leaf after drying, a double-sided overlapping drip-patching method can be used. When flipping the paper, a first layer of pulp should be applied above the warp leaf. Lay a Hollytex sheet flat, then carefully flip it over. After flipping, replace the absorbent paper as needed. Place the warp leaf on the absorbent paper, then gently peel off the Hollytex from the back of the warp leaf. Continue dripping. As the number of dripping layers increases, when you reach three or four layers, place a Hollytex sheet at the dripping point, then press back and forth with an absorbent paper in between. This operation not only allows the Hollytex texture to be imprinted on the pulp surface, simulating a texture similar to the original paper, but also effectively absorbs excess water from the pulp, enhancing its compactness. Repeat the above steps, continuing dripping until the pulp thickness is close to the original inner page thickness. The method for preparing the pulp used in drip filling is as follows: A) After soaking the original paper of wolfsbane in water for 12 hours, it was shredded and mixed with water and CMC at a mass ratio of 1:300:0.5 to obtain low-freezing wolfsbane pulp with a freeness of 10°SR and high-freezing wolfsbane pulp with a freeness of 15°SR respectively. B) Tear the Xuan paper into pieces and mix it with water and CMC at a mass ratio of 1:300:0.5 to obtain Xuan paper pulp with a freeness of 20°SR; C) Under stirring conditions, first add high-beaten wolfsbane pulp to low-beaten wolfsbane pulp, mix evenly, then add Xuan paper pulp, mix evenly to obtain the pulp; wherein, the mass ratio of low-beaten wolfsbane pulp, high-beaten wolfsbane pulp, and Xuan paper pulp is 10:4:1. (4) When the warp leaf reaches a relatively flat state, it can be taken out and flattened. The next day, take out the flattened warp leaf and use sandpaper to gently sand its edges to make the edges appear rough, thus obtaining the repaired warp leaf.

[0044] Example 3: A method for manually dripping and patching water-sensitive paper artifacts with low-water pulp includes the following steps: (1) Dry cleaning of the paper to be repaired: First, use a latex-free sponge to gently wipe away dust and stains on the surface of the paper, avoiding writing with gold ink. Wipe repeatedly in the same direction several times, without rubbing in circles or back and forth, so as not to pick up paper fibers; then use a scalpel and tweezers to treat solid stains that cannot be removed by a soft brush. (2) Lay out plastic film, damp towel, Sympatex film, paper to be repaired, Sympatex film, damp towel, and plastic film in sequence on the worktable. After pressing the edges with paperweight, moisten and flatten the paper to be repaired. During the moistening process, check the warp every half hour to observe whether it has reached the appropriate level of moisture and whether the fibers are fully stretched. (3) After the warp is flat, lay absorbent paper (Tek-wipe) in sequence on the vacuum adsorption table. The repair process involves using TX612 polyester fiber cloth (0.05mm thick) and polyester film (with a notch cut in the polyester film at the repair area, the notch outline 2mm away from the repair area's outline). Under vacuum (15kPa), the warp leaf is adsorbed onto the polyester film surface. Another layer of polyester film with a notch cut in the repair area is then placed on top of the warp leaf. Pulp is then drip-patched onto the paper under vacuum. For areas without text on the four sides of the warp leaf, to enhance the strength of the repaired area and prevent the pulp from detaching from the warp leaf after drying, a double-sided overlapping drip-patching method can be used. When flipping the paper, a first layer of pulp should be applied above the warp leaf. Lay a Hollytex sheet flat, then carefully flip it over. After flipping, replace the absorbent paper as needed. Place the warp leaf on the absorbent paper, then gently peel off the Hollytex from the back of the warp leaf. Continue dripping. As the number of dripping layers increases, when you reach three or four layers, place a Hollytex sheet at the dripping point, then press back and forth with an absorbent paper in between. This operation not only allows the Hollytex texture to be imprinted on the pulp surface, simulating a texture similar to the original paper, but also effectively absorbs excess water from the pulp, enhancing its compactness. Repeat the above steps, continuing dripping until the pulp thickness is close to the original inner page thickness. The method for preparing the pulp used in drip filling is as follows: A) After soaking the raw paper of *Euphorbia fischeriana* in water for 12 hours, it is shredded and mixed with water and CMC at a mass ratio of 1:350:0.5 to obtain low-freezing *Euphorbia fischeriana* pulp with a freeness of 8°SR and high-freezing *Euphorbia fischeriana* pulp with a freeness of 12°SR, respectively; B) After shredding Xuan paper, it is mixed with water and CMC at a mass ratio of 1:350:0.5 to obtain Xuan paper pulp with a freeness of 16°SR; C) Under stirring conditions, high-beaten wolfsbane pulp is first added dropwise to low-beaten wolfsbane pulp and mixed evenly. Then, Xuan paper pulp is added dropwise and mixed evenly to obtain the pulp. The mass ratio of low-beaten wolfsbane pulp, high-beaten wolfsbane pulp, and Xuan paper pulp is 10:6:3. (4) When the warp leaf reaches a relatively flat state, it can be taken out and flattened. The next day, take out the flattened warp leaf and use sandpaper to gently sand its edges to make the edges appear rough, thus obtaining the repaired warp leaf.

[0045] Comparative Example 1 (without vacuum adsorption): A method for manually dripping and patching water-sensitive paper artifacts with low-water pulp includes the following steps: (1) Dry cleaning of the paper to be repaired: First, use a latex-free sponge to gently wipe away dust and stains on the surface of the paper, avoiding writing with gold ink. Wipe repeatedly in the same direction several times, without rubbing in circles or back and forth, so as not to pick up paper fibers; then use a scalpel and tweezers to treat solid stains that cannot be removed by a soft brush. (2) Lay out plastic film, damp towel, Sympatex film, paper to be repaired, Sympatex film, damp towel, and plastic film in sequence on the worktable. After pressing the edges with a paperweight, moisten and flatten the paper to be repaired. During the moistening process, check the warp leaves every half hour to observe whether they have reached the appropriate level of moisture and whether the fibers are fully stretched. (3) After the warp leaves are flat, lay absorbent paper (Tek-wipe) in sequence on the worktable. The repair process involves using TX612, Hollytex polyester fiber cloth (0.05mm thick), and polyester film (with a notch cut in the polyester film at the repair area, the notch outline 2mm away from the repair area's outline). The warp is then laid on the polyester film surface, and another layer of polyester film with a notch cut in the repair area is laid on top of the warp. Pulp is then used to drip-patch the paper. For areas without text on the four sides of the warp, to enhance the strength of the repaired area and prevent the pulp from separating from the warp after drying, a double-sided overlapping drip-patch method can be used. When turning the paper over, a Hollytex sheet must first be laid flat on top of the warp, and then the paper carefully turned over. Turn the paper over; after turning it over, replace the absorbent paper as needed. Place the warp leaf on the absorbent paper, then gently peel off the Hollytex from the back of the warp leaf. Continue dripping. As the number of dripping layers increases, when three or four layers are reached, place a Hollytex sheet at the dripping point, then press back and forth with an absorbent paper in between. This operation not only imprints the Hollytex texture onto the pulp surface, simulating a texture similar to the original paper, but also effectively absorbs excess water from the pulp, enhancing its compactness. Repeat the above steps, continuing dripping until the pulp thickness is close to the original inner page thickness. The pulp used for dripping is prepared as follows: A) After soaking the raw paper of *Euphorbia fischeriana* in water for 12 hours, it is shredded and mixed with water and CMC at a mass ratio of 1:400:0.5 to obtain low-freezing *Euphorbia fischeriana* pulp with a freeness of 5°SR and high-freezing *Euphorbia fischeriana* pulp with a freeness of 10°SR, respectively; B) After shredding Xuan paper, it is mixed with water and CMC at a mass ratio of 1:400:0.5 to obtain Xuan paper pulp with a freeness of 15°SR; C) Under stirring conditions, high-beaten wolfsbane pulp is first added dropwise to low-beaten wolfsbane pulp and mixed evenly. Then, Xuan paper pulp is added dropwise and mixed evenly to obtain the pulp. The mass ratio of low-beaten wolfsbane pulp, high-beaten wolfsbane pulp, and Xuan paper pulp is 10:5:2. (4) When the warp leaf reaches a relatively flat state, it can be taken out and flattened. The next day, take out the flattened warp leaf and use sandpaper to gently sand its edges to make the edges appear rough, thus obtaining the repaired warp leaf.

[0046] Comparative Example 2 (using only wolfsbane paper pulp for drip patching): A method for manually dripping and patching water-sensitive paper artifacts with low-water pulp includes the following steps: (1) Dry cleaning of the paper to be repaired: First, use a latex-free sponge to gently wipe away dust and stains on the surface of the paper, avoiding writing with gold ink. Wipe repeatedly in the same direction several times, without rubbing in circles or back and forth, so as not to pick up paper fibers; then use a scalpel and tweezers to treat solid stains that cannot be removed by a soft brush. (2) Lay out plastic film, damp towel, Sympatex film, paper to be repaired, Sympatex film, damp towel, and plastic film in sequence on the worktable. After pressing the edges with paperweight, moisten and flatten the paper to be repaired. During the moistening process, check the warp every half hour to observe whether it has reached the appropriate level of moisture and whether the fibers are fully stretched. (3) After the warp is flat, lay absorbent paper (Tek-wipe) in sequence on the vacuum adsorption table. The repair process involves using TX612 polyester fiber cloth (0.05mm thick) and polyester film (with a notch cut in the polyester film at the repair area, the notch outline 2mm away from the repair area's outline). Under vacuum (20kPa), the warp leaf is adsorbed onto the polyester film surface. Another layer of polyester film with a notch cut in the repair area is then placed on top of the warp leaf. Pulp is then drip-patched onto the paper under vacuum. For areas without text on the four sides of the warp leaf, to enhance the strength of the repaired area and prevent the pulp from detaching from the warp leaf after drying, a double-sided overlapping drip-patching method can be used. When flipping the paper, a first layer of pulp should be applied above the warp leaf. Lay a Hollytex sheet flat, then carefully flip it over. After flipping, replace the absorbent paper as needed. Place the warp leaf on the absorbent paper, then gently peel off the Hollytex from the back of the warp leaf. Continue dripping. As the number of dripping layers increases, when you reach three or four layers, place a Hollytex sheet at the dripping point, then press back and forth with an absorbent paper in between. This operation not only allows the Hollytex texture to be imprinted on the pulp surface, simulating a texture similar to the original paper, but also effectively absorbs excess water from the pulp, enhancing its compactness. Repeat the above steps, continuing dripping until the pulp thickness is close to the original inner page thickness. The preparation method of the wolfsbane pulp used in drip filling is as follows: soak the wolfsbane virgin paper in water for 12 hours, tear it into pieces, mix it with water and CMC at a mass ratio of 1:400:0.5 and beat it to obtain wolfsbane pulp with a freeness of 10°SR. (4) When the warp leaf reaches a relatively flat state, it can be taken out and flattened. The next day, take out the flattened warp leaf and use sandpaper to gently sand its edges to make the edges appear rough, thus obtaining the repaired warp leaf.

[0047] Comparative Example 3 (using only Xuan paper pulp for drip patching): A method for manually dripping and patching water-sensitive paper artifacts with low-water pulp includes the following steps: (1) Dry cleaning of the paper to be repaired: First, use a latex-free sponge to gently wipe away dust and stains on the surface of the paper, avoiding writing with gold ink. Wipe repeatedly in the same direction several times, without rubbing in circles or back and forth, so as not to pick up paper fibers; then use a scalpel and tweezers to treat solid stains that cannot be removed by a soft brush. (2) Lay out plastic film, damp towel, Sympatex film, paper to be repaired, Sympatex film, damp towel, and plastic film in sequence on the worktable. After pressing the edges with paperweight, moisten and flatten the paper to be repaired. During the moistening process, check the warp every half hour to observe whether it has reached the appropriate level of moisture and whether the fibers are fully stretched. (3) After the warp is flat, lay absorbent paper (Tek-wipe) in sequence on the vacuum adsorption table. The repair process involves using TX612 polyester fiber cloth (0.05mm thick) and polyester film (with a notch cut in the polyester film at the repair area, the notch outline 2mm away from the repair area's outline). Under vacuum (20kPa), the warp leaf is adsorbed onto the polyester film surface. Another layer of polyester film with a notch cut in the repair area is then placed on top of the warp leaf. Pulp is then drip-patched onto the paper under vacuum. For areas without text on the four sides of the warp leaf, to enhance the strength of the repaired area and prevent the pulp from detaching from the warp leaf after drying, a double-sided overlapping drip-patching method can be used. When flipping the paper, a first layer of pulp should be applied above the warp leaf. Lay a Hollytex sheet flat, then carefully flip it over. After flipping, replace the absorbent paper as needed. Place the warp leaf on the absorbent paper, then gently peel off the Hollytex from the back of the warp leaf. Continue dripping. As the number of dripping layers increases, when you reach three or four layers, place a Hollytex sheet at the dripping point, then press back and forth with an absorbent paper in between. This operation not only allows the Hollytex texture to be imprinted on the pulp surface, simulating a texture similar to the original paper, but also effectively absorbs excess water from the pulp, enhancing its compactness. Repeat the above steps, continuing dripping until the pulp thickness is close to the original inner page thickness. The preparation method of Xuan paper pulp used in drip filling is as follows: Xuan paper is torn into pieces and mixed with water and CMC at a mass ratio of 1:400:0.5 to obtain Xuan paper pulp with a freeness of 15°SR. (4) When the warp leaf reaches a relatively flat state, it can be taken out and flattened. The next day, take out the flattened warp leaf and use sandpaper to gently sand its edges to make the edges appear rough, thus obtaining the repaired warp leaf.

[0048] Comparative Example 4 (using the same beating degree for wolfsbane pulp): A method for manually dripping and patching water-sensitive paper artifacts with low-water pulp includes the following steps: (1) Dry cleaning of the paper to be repaired: First, use a latex-free sponge to gently wipe away dust and stains on the surface of the paper, avoiding writing with gold ink. Wipe repeatedly in the same direction several times, without rubbing in circles or back and forth, so as not to pick up paper fibers; then use a scalpel and tweezers to treat solid stains that cannot be removed by a soft brush. (2) Lay out plastic film, damp towel, Sympatex film, paper to be repaired, Sympatex film, damp towel, and plastic film in sequence on the worktable. After pressing the edges with paperweight, moisten and flatten the paper to be repaired. During the moistening process, check the warp every half hour to observe whether it has reached the appropriate level of moisture and whether the fibers are fully stretched. (3) After the warp is flat, lay absorbent paper (Tek-wipe) in sequence on the vacuum adsorption table. The repair process involves using TX612 polyester fiber cloth (0.05mm thick) and polyester film (with a notch cut in the polyester film at the repair area, the notch outline 2mm away from the repair area's outline). Under vacuum (20kPa), the warp leaf is adsorbed onto the polyester film surface. Another layer of polyester film with a notch cut in the repair area is then placed on top of the warp leaf. Pulp is then drip-patched onto the paper under vacuum. For areas without text on the four sides of the warp leaf, to enhance the strength of the repaired area and prevent the pulp from detaching from the warp leaf after drying, a double-sided overlapping drip-patching method can be used. When flipping the paper, a first layer of pulp should be applied above the warp leaf. Lay a Hollytex sheet flat, then carefully flip it over. After flipping, replace the absorbent paper as needed. Place the warp leaf on the absorbent paper, then gently peel off the Hollytex from the back of the warp leaf. Continue dripping. As the number of dripping layers increases, when you reach three or four layers, place a Hollytex sheet at the dripping point, then press back and forth with an absorbent paper in between. This operation not only allows the Hollytex texture to be imprinted on the pulp surface, simulating a texture similar to the original paper, but also effectively absorbs excess water from the pulp, enhancing its compactness. Repeat the above steps, continuing dripping until the pulp thickness is close to the original inner page thickness. The method for preparing the pulp used in drip filling is as follows: A) Soak the original paper of wolfsbane in water for 12 hours, then tear it into pieces, mix it with water and CMC at a mass ratio of 1:400:0.5 and pulp it to obtain wolfsbane pulp with a freeness of 10°SR. B) Tear the Xuan paper into pieces and mix it with water and CMC at a mass ratio of 1:400:0.5 to obtain Xuan paper pulp with a freeness of 15°SR; C) While stirring, Xuan paper pulp is added dropwise to wolfsbane pulp and mixed evenly to obtain the pulp; wherein, the mass ratio of wolfsbane pulp to Xuan paper pulp is 15:2; (4) When the warp leaf reaches a relatively flat state, it can be taken out and flattened. The next day, take out the flattened warp leaf and use sandpaper to gently sand its edges to make the edges appear rough, thus obtaining the repaired warp leaf.

[0049] According to GB / T457-2008 "Determination of folding endurance of paper and paperboard", a Qingtong NZ-135 MIT folding endurance tester was used, with the paper tension set to 9.81N, to test the maximum number of folds that the repaired paper samples in the above examples and comparative examples could withstand before breaking. According to GB / T12914-2008 "Determination of tensile strength of paper and paperboard (constant speed tensile method)", a YT-WL series horizontal computer tensile tester was used to test the maximum force that the paper samples could withstand before breaking. The smoothness of the pulp drip patch joint was also evaluated, and the results are shown in Table 1.

[0050] Table 1: Performance test results of pulp drip-filled samples. serial number Flexural endurance (times) Tensile strength (kN / m) Smoothness of the joint between the drip patch Example 1 27 1.806 It doesn't wrinkle easily and is easy to flatten. Example 2 25 1.788 It doesn't wrinkle easily and is easy to flatten. Example 3 28 1.811 It doesn't wrinkle easily and is easy to flatten. Comparative Example 1 14 1.635 It doesn't wrinkle easily and is easy to flatten. Comparative Example 2 21 1.516 It wrinkles easily and is not easy to flatten. Comparative Example 3 18 1.588 It doesn't wrinkle easily and is easy to flatten. Comparative Example 4 23 1.616 It doesn't wrinkle easily and is easy to flatten.

[0051] As can be seen from Table 1, the paper sheets after pulp drip repair using the method of the present invention in Examples 1 to 3 have high folding endurance and tensile strength, and the drip repair joints have good flatness, making them suitable for the repair of water-sensitive paper cultural relics.

[0052] In Comparative Example 1, no vacuum adsorption was used during the drip-patching process. The folding endurance and tensile strength of the repaired paper were significantly lower than those in Example 1, indicating that vacuum adsorption-assisted pulp infiltration can effectively improve repair strength. In Comparative Example 2, only *Euphorbia fischeriana* pulp was used for drip-patching without mixing with *Xuan paper* pulp. After repair, the drip-patched joints were prone to wrinkling and difficult to flatten, and the flatness did not meet the requirements of this invention. In Comparative Example 3, only *Xuan paper* pulp was used for drip-patching without mixing with *Euphorbia fischeriana* pulp. Although the flatness after repair was better, the repair strength was significantly lower than that in Example 1. In Comparative Example 4, *Euphorbia fischeriana* pulp was not graded and beaten. The strength after repair was also lower than that in Example 1, indicating that using pulps with different beating degrees for grading and matching is beneficial for adjusting the fiber distribution and filtration rate in the pulp to match the vacuum adsorption process, thereby improving repair strength.

[0053] The above description of the embodiments is intended to help understand the technical methods and core ideas of the present invention. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make appropriate modifications and substitutions to the present invention without departing from its principles. These modifications and substitutions do not constitute a change in the essential nature of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention and are still within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for manually drip-patching water-sensitive paper artifacts using low-water pulp, characterized by including... The following steps are required: (1) Dry clean the paper to be repaired; (2) Lay out plastic film, damp towel, Sympatex film, paper to be repaired, Sympatex film, damp towel, and plastic film in sequence on the worktable. After pressing the edges with a paperweight, moisten and flatten the paper to be repaired. (3) Place absorbent paper and Hollytex polyester fiber cloth on the vacuum adsorption table in sequence. Then, under the vacuum adsorption, adsorb the paper to be repaired onto the surface of Hollytex polyester fiber cloth. Continue to drip the paper with pulp under the vacuum adsorption until the pulp thickness is close to the original thickness. After drying and flattening, the repair is completed.

2. The method for manual drip-patching of water-sensitive paper artifacts using low-water pulp according to claim 1, characterized in that, The paper to be repaired in step (1) is wolfsbane paper.

3. The method for manual drip-patching of water-sensitive paper artifacts using low-water pulp according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, In step (1), during dry cleaning, first use one or more of the following to clean the surface dust of the paper: a soft brush, microfiber cloth, electrostatic dust removal paper, or latex-free sponge. Then use a scalpel and tweezers to treat any solid stains that cannot be removed.

4. The method for manual drip-patching of water-sensitive paper artifacts using low-water pulp according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (3), the vacuum level of the vacuum adsorption stage is 15~25 kPa.

5. The method for manual drip-patching of water-sensitive paper artifacts using low-water pulp according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method for preparing the pulp in step (3) is as follows: A) Tear the raw paper of wolfsbane into pieces and mix it with water and suspending agent to pulp, so as to obtain low-freeness wolfsbane pulp with a freeness of 5~10°SR and high-freeness wolfsbane pulp with a freeness of 10~15°SR respectively. B) Tear the Xuan paper into pieces, mix it with water and a suspending agent, and beat it to obtain Xuan paper pulp with a freeness of 15~20°SR; C) Under stirring conditions, first add high-beaten wolfsbane pulp to low-beaten wolfsbane pulp, mix evenly, then add Xuan paper pulp, mix evenly to obtain the pulp; wherein, the mass ratio of low-beaten wolfsbane pulp, high-beaten wolfsbane pulp, and Xuan paper pulp is 10:4~6:1~3.

6. The method for manually dripping and patching water-sensitive paper artifacts using low-water pulp according to claim 5, characterized in that, In step A), the original paper of wolfsbane is first steamed for 20-30 minutes or soaked in water for 8-12 hours, then torn into pieces and mixed with water and suspending agent to make pulp.

7. The method for manual drip-patching of water-sensitive paper artifacts using low-water pulp according to claim 5, characterized in that, In step A), the mass ratio of wolfsbane paper raw material, water, and suspending agent is 1:300~400:0.4~0.6; in step B), the mass ratio of Xuan paper, water, and suspending agent is 1:300~400:0.4~0.

6.

8. The method for manual drip-patching of water-sensitive paper artifacts using low-water pulp according to claim 5 or 7, characterized in that, The suspending agent mentioned in steps A) and B) is one or both of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and methyl cellulose.

9. The method for manual drip-patching of water-sensitive paper artifacts using low-water pulp according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (3), when applying the drip repair, a polyester film is laid on both sides of the paper to be repaired, and the polyester film on both sides is cut with notches at the corresponding places on the paper to be repaired.

10. The method for manual drip-patching of water-sensitive paper artifacts using low-water pulp according to claim 1 or 9, characterized in that, When the number of dripping layers in step (3) is three or more, after the dripping is completed, place Hollytex polyester fiber cloth and absorbent paper in sequence at the dripping site, and press back and forth through the absorbent paper.

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