Indoor planting method of Xiaoxiang fungus

Abstract

The invention relates to an indoor planting method of Xiaoxiang fungi, and belongs to the technical field of edible fungus planting.The indoor planting method includes the following steps that 1, weed tree sawdust is smashed into particles, the processed weed tree sawdust, bran, composite nutrient particles, gypsum powder and lime are mixed, the water content is adjusted to 55%-60%, and a Xiaoxiang fungi planting substrate is obtained; (2) bagging the planting substrate, and sterilizing for later use; (3) after the strain is inoculated, placing the strain in an environment at 22-24 DEG C for dark light culture until hyphae grow all over 2 / 3 of a strain bag, and starting blue light irradiation at night for 3-5 days; (4) after the bags are full of hyphae, management is performed according to color changing conditions until brown mycoderma are uniformly formed on the surfaces of the fungus bags, and then bud pressing treatment is performed; and (5) when the primordium is differentiated and the length of the stipe reaches 0.5-1.0 cm, starting to carry out green light irradiation at night for 8-10 hours every day. The production cycle is remarkably shortened through blue light pre-excitation, the commodity rate is directly improved through green light shape promotion, continuous high yield is guaranteed through nutrient sustained-release particles, and economic benefits are remarkably improved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of edible mushroom cultivation, in particular to an indoor cultivation method of Lentinula edodes. BACKGROUND

[0002] Lentinula edodes, also known as small mushroom, is a new variety with great development potential in the genus Lentinula. It belongs to the family of Nolaneae in taxonomy, and retains the typical characteristics of wild Lentinula edodes in morphology, taste and flavor to the greatest extent, so it is named. Compared with the mainstream large-leaf Lentinula edodes variety in the market, the core advantage of Lentinula edodes lies in its excellent sensory quality: its cap is usually smaller and thicker, and the degree of fibrosis is significantly lower than that of conventional varieties, thus giving it a unique and consumer-preferred crisp and tender taste. At the same time, its flavor substances (such as 1-octene-3-ol) are concentrated and rich, and the flavor is delicious and mellow, occupying a unique differentiated position in the high-end edible mushroom market.

[0003] In terms of nutritional value and health function, Lentinula edodes is not only rich in basic nutrients such as protein, dietary fiber, various vitamins and essential amino acids, but also rich in key physiological active substances such as lentinan, terpenoids and ergosterol. These active ingredients have been confirmed by modern pharmacological studies to have multiple physiological effects such as anti-tumor, anti-virus, anti-oxidation and immune regulation, making it an ideal functional food resource of medicinal and edible origin.

[0004] At present, the cultivation of Lentinula edodes has not formed a systematic breeding and elite breeding system. The strains circulating in the market are mostly derived from limited wild strains or spontaneous breeding, resulting in narrow genetic background of germplasm resources and unstable excellent traits. Lentinula edodes has the characteristics of multiple mushroom production, but due to the difficulty in supplementing fertilizer, the yield and quality of the product in the later period decrease sharply. Moreover, the traditional indoor cultivation method has problems such as uneven mycelial growth, irregular primordium differentiation, and unstable fruiting body quality. In the prior art, light management often uses single white light or natural light, and lacks precise regulation of light spectrum requirements at different growth stages, resulting in problems such as long stipes, thin caps, and low yield. Therefore, it is necessary to provide an indoor cultivation method of Lentinula edodes which improves the quality of late mushroom production and increases the yield of mushroom production. SUMMARY

[0005] In order to overcome the problems in the background art, the present application provides an indoor cultivation method of Lentinula edodes, which significantly shortens the production cycle by blue light pre-activation, directly improves the commodity rate by green light, and guarantees sustained high yield by nutrient slow-release particles, thereby significantly improving the economic benefit.

[0006] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present application is realized by the following technical solutions: The application provides an indoor cultivation method of small mushroom, comprising the following steps: (1) crushing the mixed wood chips into granules, and mixing the treated mixed wood chips, bran, compound nutrient granules, gypsum powder and lime, and adjusting the water content to 55%-60% to obtain a small mushroom planting substrate; (2) bagging the planting substrate and sterilizing for standby; (3) after inoculation, placing the substrate in a 22-24℃ environment for dark culture until the mycelium grows to 2 / 3 of the bag, and then turning on blue light irradiation at night for 3-5 days; (4) after the mycelium fills the bag, managing according to the color change condition until the brownish red mycelium uniformly forms on the surface of the bag, and then performing budlet induction treatment; (5) when the primordium differentiates and the stipe length reaches 0.5-1.0 cm, starting green light irradiation at night, and irradiating for 8-10 hours every day until harvesting.

[0007] In the technical scheme, the planting substrate in step (1) comprises, by dry weight, 76%-78% of mixed wood chips, 17%-19% of bran, 3%-5% of compound nutrient granules, 1.5% of gypsum powder and 0.5% of lime.

[0008] In the technical scheme, the compound nutrient granule preparation method comprises the following steps: a. fully mixing bean husk powder, malt dextrin and diatomite at a ratio of 4:3:2.5; b. feeding the mixed powder into a granulator while spraying 5% sodium alginate solution to form wet granules with a diameter of 3-5 mm; c. immersing the wet granules in a calcium chloride solution to form a calcium alginate film which is firm and not easily dissolved in water; d. drying at 60℃ or below until the water content is less than 10% to obtain the compound nutrient granule product.

[0009] In the technical scheme, the wavelength of the blue light irradiation in step (3) is 445-455 nm, and the light intensity is 45-55 μmol / m² / s.

[0010] In the technical scheme, the environmental temperature is controlled at 22-24℃ and the air relative humidity is maintained at 65%-75% during the blue light irradiation in step (3).

[0011] In the technical scheme, the wavelength of the green light irradiation in step (5) is 525-535 nm, and the light intensity is 25-35 μmol / m² / s.

[0012] In the technical scheme, the environmental temperature is controlled at 14-18℃ and the air relative humidity is maintained at 85%-92% during the green light irradiation in step (5).

[0013] Compared with the prior art, the present application has the beneficial effects that: 1、The present application effectively solves the problem of the second mushroom yield and the subsequent yield reduction by adding special composite nutrient slow-release particles, which are protected by a film in the early mycelium growth period and are slowly released with the decomposition of mycelium enzymes in the middle and late period, providing continuous and balanced nutrient supply for the mushroom period, and significantly improving the total biological efficiency.

[0014] 2、The present application effectively promotes mycelium physiological maturity by irradiating specific wavelength blue light in the key period of mycelium growth, lays a good foundation for color change and mushroom, and significantly improves the mushroom shape by using green light to regulate the development of fruiting body, inhibits excessive elongation of stipe, promotes cap differentiation, and improves commodity value.

[0015] 3、The present application is easy to realize after LED light source modification in the existing mushroom house, the blue light pre-activation significantly shortens the production cycle, the green light promotes the shape and directly improves the commodity rate, the nutrient slow-release particles guarantee continuous high yield, and the economic benefit is significantly improved. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0016] In order to make the purpose, technical scheme and advantages of the present application more clear, the following will further describe the embodiment of the present application in detail.

[0017] In the description of the present application, it should be understood that the terms "first", "second" and the like are only for the purpose of description, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance. For those skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms in the present application can be understood according to the specific circumstances. In addition, in the description of the present application, unless otherwise specified, "multiple" refers to two or more than two. "And / or", the association relationship between the associated objects, means that there can be three kinds of relationships, for example, A and / or B, which can represent the three cases of A alone, A and B together, and B alone. The character " / " generally represents that the front and rear associated objects are in an "or" relationship.

[0018] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as understood by those skilled in the art to which the present application belongs. The terms used in the specification of the present application are only for the purpose of describing the specific embodiments, and are not intended to limit the present application. The term "and / or" used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more related listed items.

[0019] In order to verify the planting effect of the technical scheme provided by the present application, the inventors carried out planting verification in Shuangbai County, Chuxiong Yi Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province.

[0020] Example 1 (1) Preparation of composite nutrient particles Take soybean powder 4 kg, malt dextrin 3 kg, diatomite 2.5 kg, put in the mixing machine for 15 minutes. The mixed powder is sent into the disc granulator, and 5% sodium alginate solution is uniformly sprayed as a binder during the granulation process to form wet granules with a diameter of 3-5 mm. Immediately immerse the wet granules in 5% calcium chloride solution for 10 minutes to react sodium alginate with calcium chloride to form a strong calcium alginate film. Take out the granules and dry them in a 55°C oven to a moisture content of 8%, then sieve 3-5 mm granules and seal for use.

[0021] (2) Small mushroom planting Matrix preparation: take 77% of mixed wood chips, 18% of bran, 4% of the above-mentioned composite nutrient particles, 1.5% of gypsum powder and 0.5% of lime by dry weight. Mix all components well and adjust the moisture content to 58% by adding water.

[0022] Bag sterilization: the prepared substrate is placed in the fungus bag, 1 kg of dry material per bag. High-pressure steam sterilization is used, 121°C for 2 hours.

[0023] Inoculation and culture: after sterilization and cooling, inoculate the small mushroom strain under sterile conditions. Move to the culture room and cultivate at 23°C in the dark. When the mycelium covers 2 / 3 of the bag, turn on the blue light with a wavelength of 450 nm at night, control the light intensity at 50 μmol / m² / s, and maintain the temperature at 23°C and the air relative humidity at 70% during the irradiation period. Continuous irradiation for 4 days.

[0024] Color change management: after the mycelium fills the bag, adjust the temperature to 18-22°C, increase the scattered light, and appropriately ventilate to promote the formation of uniform brownish red skin on the surface of the fungus bag.

[0025] Mushroom management: stimulate and regulate the humidity to induce the bud. When the primordium differentiates and the stipe length reaches 0.8 cm, turn on the green light with a wavelength of 530 nm at night, control the light intensity at 30 μmol / m² / s, and irradiate for 9 hours per day. The temperature is controlled at 16°C and the air relative humidity is maintained at 88% during the irradiation period. Until the mushroom matures and is harvested.

[0026] Example 2 (1) Preparation of composite nutrient particles Take soybean powder 4 kg, malt dextrin 3 kg, diatomite 2.5 kg, put in the mixing machine for 15 minutes. The mixed powder is sent into the disc granulator, and 5% sodium alginate solution is uniformly sprayed as a binder during the granulation process to form wet granules with a diameter of 3-5 mm. Immediately immerse the wet granules in 5% calcium chloride solution for 10 minutes to react sodium alginate with calcium chloride to form a strong calcium alginate film. Take out the granules and dry them in a 55°C oven to a moisture content of 8%, then sieve 3-5 mm granules and seal for use.

[0027] (2) Cultivation of Lentinus lepideus Substrate preparation: 76% of mixed sawdust, 19% of wheat bran, 3% of compound nutrient granules, 1.5% of gypsum powder, and 0.5% of lime. The water content was adjusted to 55% by adding water.

[0028] Bagging and sterilization: The prepared substrate was put into a bag, and conventional atmospheric sterilization was performed at 100℃ for 12 hours.

[0029] Inoculation and culture: After inoculation, the culture was performed in dark at 22℃. When the mycelium grew to 2 / 3 of the bag, 445nm blue light was turned on at night, with light intensity of 45μmol / m² / s, and the temperature was maintained at 22℃, with air relative humidity of 65%, for continuous illumination for 3 days.

[0030] Color change management: After the mycelium filled the bag, the temperature was adjusted to 18-22℃, the scattered light was increased, and the ventilation was appropriately adjusted to promote the formation of uniform brownish fungus skin on the surface of the bag.

[0031] Fruiting management: The primordium was induced by temperature difference stimulation and humidity adjustment. When the primordium differentiated and the stipe length reached 0.5cm, 525nm green light was turned on at night, with light intensity controlled at 25μmol / m² / s, and the illumination was performed for 8 hours per day. The temperature was controlled at 14℃, and the air relative humidity was maintained at 85% during the illumination, until the mushroom body matured and was harvested.

[0032] Example 3 (1) Preparation of compound nutrient granules Bean powder, malt dextrin, and diatomite were mixed in a ratio of 4:3:2.5, and placed in a mixer for 15 minutes. The uniformly mixed powder was sent to a disc granulator, and 5% sodium alginate solution was uniformly sprayed as a binder during the granulation process to form wet granules with a diameter of 3-5mm. The wet granules were immediately immersed in a 5% calcium chloride solution for 10 minutes to allow the reaction of sodium alginate and calcium chloride to form a firm calcium alginate coating. The granules were taken out and dried in a 60℃ oven until the water content was 7%, and then sieved to obtain 3-5mm granules, which were sealed and packaged.

[0033] (2) Cultivation of Lentinus lepideus Substrate preparation: 78% of mixed sawdust, 17% of wheat bran, 5% of the above compound nutrient granules, 1.5% of gypsum powder, and 0.5% of lime were taken by dry weight. The components were thoroughly mixed, and the water content was adjusted to 60% by adding water.

[0034] Bagging and sterilization: The prepared substrate was put into a bag, and high-pressure sterilization was performed at 121℃ for 2.5 hours.

[0035] Inoculation and culture: After sterilization and cooling, the Lentinus lepideus spores were inoculated under sterile conditions and moved to a culture room for culture under dark light at 24℃. When the mycelium grew to 2 / 3 of the bag, blue light with a wavelength of 455 nm was turned on at night, the light intensity was controlled at 55 μmol / m² / s, the temperature was maintained at 24℃ during the irradiation, the relative humidity of air was 75%, and the irradiation was continuously performed for 5 days.

[0036] Color change management: After the mycelium filled the bag, the temperature was adjusted to 18-22℃, the scattered light was increased, and the ventilation was appropriately adjusted to promote the formation of uniform brownish mycelium on the surface of the bag.

[0037] Mushroom management: The primordium was induced by temperature difference stimulation and humidity adjustment. When the primordium was differentiated and the stipe length reached 1 cm, green light with a wavelength of 535 nm was turned on at night, the light intensity was controlled at 35 μmol / m² / s, and the irradiation was performed for 10 hours per day. The temperature was controlled at 18℃ during the irradiation, and the relative humidity of air was maintained at 92% until the mushroom body was mature and harvested.

[0038] Comparative example The comparative experiment was performed by using the traditional method at the same period as the above example.

[0039] Preparation of the substrate: 78% of sawdust, 20% of bran, 1% of gypsum powder and 1% of lime were taken by dry weight. The components were thoroughly mixed, and the water content was adjusted to 60% by adding water.

[0040] Bagging and sterilization: The prepared substrate was placed in a bag, and the bag was sterilized by steam at 100℃ for 10 hours under normal pressure.

[0041] Inoculation and culture: After sterilization and cooling, the Lentinus lepideus spores were inoculated under sterile conditions and moved to a culture room for culture under dark light at 22-26℃, ventilation and the like until the mycelium filled the bag.

[0042] Color change management: After the mycelium filled the bag, the temperature was adjusted to 18-22℃, the scattered light was increased, and the ventilation was appropriately adjusted to promote the formation of uniform brownish mycelium on the surface of the bag.

[0043] Mushroom management: The primordium was induced by temperature difference stimulation and humidity adjustment, the primordium differentiation and cap coloration were induced by natural light or white daylight lamp of the mushroom shed, the humidity in the shed was maintained at 85%, the window was regularly opened for ventilation until the mushroom body was mature and harvested.

[0044] From the above data, it can be seen that the method of the present application is significantly superior to the traditional method in terms of mycelial growth speed, color change quality, primordium differentiation uniformity, fruiting body morphology control and yield.

[0045] Finally, it should be noted that the above preferred embodiments are merely intended to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application, not to limit the present application. Even though the present application has been described in detail by the above preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can make various modifications in form and details without departing from the scope of the present application defined by the claims.

Claims

1. A method for indoor cultivation of small fragrant mushrooms, characterized in that: The indoor cultivation method for the small mushroom includes the following steps: (1) Crush the hardwood sawdust into granules, and mix the treated hardwood sawdust, bran, compound nutrient granules, gypsum powder and lime, and adjust the moisture content to 55%-60% to obtain the small mushroom cultivation substrate; (2) Pack the planting substrate into bags and sterilize them for later use; (3) After inoculation, place the culture in a dark environment at 22-24℃ until the mycelium fills 2 / 3 of the bag. Then turn on the blue light at night for 3-5 days. (4) After the mycelium fills the bag, manage it according to the color change conditions until a brown mycelium skin is evenly formed on the surface of the bag, and then carry out the bud induction treatment. (5) When the primordia differentiate and the stipe length reaches 0.5-1.0cm, green light irradiation should begin at night for 8-10 hours a day until harvest.

2. The method for indoor cultivation of small fragrant mushrooms according to claim 1, characterized in that: The planting substrate in step (1) is as follows (dry weight): 76%-78% hardwood sawdust, 17%-19% wheat bran, 3%-5% compound nutrient granules, 1.5% gypsum powder, and 0.5% lime.

3. A method for indoor cultivation of small fragrant fungi according to any one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that: The method for preparing the compound nutrient granules includes the following steps: a. Mix soybean meal, maltodextrin, and diatomaceous earth thoroughly in a ratio of 4:3:2.5; b. Feed the mixed powder into the granulator and spray in a 5% sodium alginate solution to form wet granules with a diameter of 3-5 mm. c. Immerse the wet granules in a calcium chloride solution to form a strong, water-insoluble calcium alginate coating; d. Dry at 60℃ or below until the moisture content is less than 10% to obtain the finished compound nutrient granules.

4. The method for indoor cultivation of small fragrant mushrooms according to claim 1, characterized in that: The blue light irradiation wavelength in step (3) is 445-455nm, and the light intensity is 45-55 μmol / m² / s.

5. A method for indoor cultivation of small fragrant fungi according to any one of claims 1 or 4, characterized in that: During the blue light irradiation in step (3), the ambient temperature is controlled at 22-24℃ and the relative humidity is maintained at 65%-75%.

6. The method for indoor cultivation of small fragrant mushrooms according to claim 1, characterized in that: The green light irradiation wavelength in step (5) is 525-535nm, and the light intensity is 25-35 μmol / m² / s.

7. The method for indoor cultivation of small fragrant mushrooms according to claim 1, characterized in that: During the green light irradiation in step (5), the ambient temperature is controlled at 14-18℃ and the relative humidity is maintained at 85%-92%.

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