Hydrogen fuel cell with air purification circulation function

Abstract

The present application relates to the field of vehicle power technology, and particularly relates to a hydrogen fuel cell with air purification and circulation functions, a self-cleaning air guide assembly is arranged at the air inlet of the fuel cell, the preliminarily filtered air in the vehicle is introduced into the fuel cell by the air guide fan, the air is secondarily filtered by the filter membrane during the air inlet process, the filter membrane can be retracted and extended by the first retraction and extension piece and the second retraction and extension piece installed in the air inlet window, at the same time, the air inlet cover guides the unreacted residual air back to the installation chamber through the air guide pipe, the outside of the filter membrane is back-flushed, the attached impurities are discharged through the blow-off port, the filtering efficiency of the filter membrane is effectively maintained, in addition, the inner side knocking assembly is arranged in the installation chamber, when the first retraction and extension piece and the second retraction and extension piece rotate, the knocking plate can knock the inner side of the filter membrane, the attached impurities are promoted to fall off, so that the self-cleaning effect is further improved, the dust holding capacity and the self-cleaning performance of the filtering assembly are significantly improved, and the maintenance frequency and the replacement requirement are reduced.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the field of vehicle power technology, in particular to a hydrogen fuel cell with air purification and circulation functions. BACKGROUND

[0002] In a hydrogen fuel cell system, air supply is a key link to maintain electrochemical reactions. The air path intakes air from the environment to provide the necessary oxygen for the cathode of the cell stack. However, the air in the environment usually contains various impurities, including particulate matter (such as PM2.5, PM10, etc. solid particles) and gaseous pollutants (such as sulfur oxides, nitrogen oxides, volatile organic compounds, etc.). If these impurities directly enter the fuel cell stack, it may cause a series of problems: particulate matter can block the flow channel, reduce gas diffusion efficiency, and even damage the proton exchange membrane; harmful gases can contaminate the catalyst and reduce the reaction activity, thereby affecting the performance and life of the cell.

[0003] In the prior art, a multi-layer filter screen type filtering device is often used to pretreat the air intake. This type of device can effectively remove some particulate impurities through physical interception and adsorption. However, it has obvious limitations: first, the adsorption capacity of traditional filter screens for gaseous pollutants is limited, and it is difficult to effectively remove harmful gases; second, when the vehicle is running in high-power operating conditions, the air intake volume is large and the flow rate is fast, and the filtering device faces the problem of sudden increase in processing load, resulting in a decrease in filtering efficiency in a short period of time, and some impurities may penetrate the filter screen and enter the cell stack; in addition, the dust holding capacity of the filtering device is limited, and the accumulation of impurities can easily cause the filter screen to be blocked, increasing the pressure drop and energy consumption, and requiring frequent maintenance or replacement.

[0004] On the other hand, to improve system efficiency, hydrogen fuel cell vehicles often use air recycling strategies, which introduce part of the air inside the vehicle (which may contain pollutants generated in the cabin) into the cell stack again. Although this part of the air has been preliminarily filtered, it may still carry additional impurities, increasing the filtering burden and accelerating the pollution and performance degradation of the filter screen. Therefore, the recycled air needs to be purified again to reduce the concentration of impurities and slow down the speed of filter screen clogging, ensuring long-term stable operation of the cell stack.

[0005] In summary, the existing filtering technology cannot meet the high-efficiency purification needs in limited space under large air intake volume and high flow rate operating conditions, especially lacking the ability to simultaneously remove particulate matter and harmful gases, and the problem of recycling air purification has not been fully addressed. SUMMARY

[0006] The hydrogen fuel cell with the air purification and circulation function aims at the problems of the prior art, and is characterized in that a self-cleaning and flow guiding component is arranged at an air inlet of the fuel cell, air in the vehicle is introduced into the fuel cell by a flow guiding fan, the air is secondarily filtered by a filter film during the introduction, the filter film can be retracted and extended by a first retraction and extension piece and a second retraction and extension piece which are arranged in installation rooms on both sides of the air inlet, meanwhile, the remaining air which is not reacted is guided back to the installation rooms by a flow guiding pipe of an air inlet cover, the outside of the filter film is back-flushed, the attached impurities are discharged through a blow-off port, the filtering efficiency of the filter film is effectively maintained, in addition, an inside knocking component is arranged in the installation room, when the first retraction and extension piece and the second retraction and extension piece rotate, the inside of the filter film is knocked by a knocking plate, the falling of the attached impurities is promoted, and thus the self-cleaning effect is further improved, the dust holding capacity and the self-cleaning performance of the filtering component are obviously improved, the problems of filter screen blockage, pressure drop rising and energy consumption increasing caused by impurity accumulation are avoided, and the maintenance frequency and replacement demand are reduced.

[0007] To solve the problems of the prior art, the hydrogen fuel cell with the air purification and circulation function is provided, which comprises two parallel arranged end plates and single cells arranged at equal intervals between the two end plates, a cathode cavity is formed between adjacent single cells, the top and bottom of the cathode cavity are closed, an air inlet is arranged on the left side of the cathode cavity, and an air outlet is arranged on the right side of the cathode cavity; the hydrogen fuel cell further comprises a self-cleaning and flow guiding mechanism, the self-cleaning and flow guiding mechanism comprises: an air inlet cover arranged at the air inlet of the cathode cavity, an air inlet window in communication with the outside is formed in the air inlet cover, and an installation room is arranged on both sides of the air inlet window, the installation rooms are independently arranged and are provided with blow-off ports in communication with the outside; an air outlet cover arranged at the air outlet of the cathode cavity, a one-way port is arranged on the air outlet cover, the one-way port is opened when the air pressure at the air outlet of the cathode cavity exceeds a set threshold value; a first retraction and extension piece arranged in the installation room on the left side of the air inlet window; a second retraction and extension piece arranged in the installation room on the right side of the air inlet window; a flow guiding fan arranged in the air inlet cover, used for guiding external air to flow into the cathode cavity through the air inlet window; a filter film covering the air inlet window, the two sides of the filter film extend into the installation rooms on both sides, and are wound on the first retraction and extension piece and the second retraction and extension piece respectively, and the two side edges of the filter film are attached to the inside of the blow-off ports; a flow guiding pipe connecting the air inlet cover and the installation rooms; when the first retraction and extension piece and the second retraction and extension piece are started, the filter film originally covering the air inlet window area is retracted into the installation room, the gas in the air outlet cover enters the installation room through the flow guiding pipe, and the impurities attached to the outside of the filter film are blown out to the outside through the blow-off ports.

[0008] Preferably, the first retraction and extension piece and the second retraction and extension piece are tubular motors.

[0009] Preferably, the first and second winding and unwinding members are both winding rollers; the self-cleaning drainage mechanism further comprises a rotary driving assembly, which comprises: two transmission shafts rotatably arranged on the air inlet cover, one end of each transmission shaft being in transmission connection with one winding roller respectively; a double-shaft speed reducer arranged on the air inlet cover; and a clutch connected between the output shaft of the double-shaft speed reducer and the end of the transmission shaft, for transmitting or cutting off transmission torque.

[0010] Preferably, the air inlet window is provided with a grid on the inner side of the filter membrane.

[0011] Preferably, the self-cleaning drainage mechanism further comprises an inner side knocking assembly arranged in the mounting chamber, which comprises: a knocking plate slidingly arranged in the mounting chamber along the thickness direction of the filter membrane, the top end and the bottom end of the knocking plate being provided with guide columns respectively; and a rotating disc rotatably arranged on the air inlet cover, the rotating disc being in transmission connection with the end of the winding roller, the circumferential surface of the rotating disc being provided with an arc-shaped groove, and the circumferential surface of the rotating disc being in sliding cooperation with the guide columns.

[0012] Preferably, the side of the knocking plate away from the filter membrane is provided with a connecting seat, and the inner side knocking assembly further comprises: a connecting pin fixedly arranged on the inner wall of the mounting chamber, the connecting pin slidingly penetrating through the connecting seat; and a spring sleeved on the connecting pin, the spring being located between the pin cap of the connecting pin and the connecting seat.

[0013] Preferably, the top of the air inlet cover is provided with a sliding groove in sliding cooperation with the guide columns, and the self-cleaning drainage mechanism further comprises a drainage cover in communication with the drainage pipe, the drainage cover being arranged on the air inlet cover, and the sliding groove being located in the air inlet cover.

[0014] Preferably, the cathode cavity is provided with wave-shaped channels extending from the air inlet to the air outlet in the vertical direction.

[0015] Preferably, the cathode cavity is provided with wave-shaped channels extending from the air inlet to the air outlet in the vertical direction.

[0016] Preferably, the outer side of the air outlet cover is provided with a pressure plate hinged thereto, the pressure plate being located on the outer side of the one-way port, the hinged shaft of the pressure plate and the air outlet cover being provided with a torsional spring, one end of the torsional spring being connected with the pressure plate, and the other end of the torsional spring being connected with the air outlet cover.

[0017] The beneficial effects of the present application compared with the prior art are:

[0018] The application sets a self-cleaning flow guide assembly at the air inlet of the fuel cell, and uses the flow guide fan to introduce the air preliminarily filtered in the vehicle into the fuel cell. The air is secondarily filtered by the filter membrane during the entering process, and the filter membrane can be folded and unfolded by the first folding and unfolding piece and the second folding and unfolding piece installed in the air inlet window two sides. Meanwhile, the air inlet cover guides the unreacted residual air back to the installation chamber through the flow guide pipe, and blows back the outside of the filter membrane, so that the attached impurities are discharged through the blow-off port, and the filtering efficiency of the filter membrane is effectively maintained. In addition, the inside knocking assembly is also arranged in the installation chamber, and when the first folding and unfolding piece and the second folding and unfolding piece rotate, the knocking plate can knock the inside of the filter membrane, so that the falling of the attached impurities is promoted, and the self-cleaning effect is further improved. The dust holding capacity and self-cleaning performance of the filtering assembly are significantly improved, the problems such as filter screen blockage, pressure drop rise and energy consumption increase caused by impurity accumulation are avoided, and the maintenance frequency and replacement demand are reduced. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0019] Figure 1 is a perspective view of a hydrogen fuel cell with air purification and circulation function in a first perspective according to the application.

[0020] Figure 2 is a perspective view of a hydrogen fuel cell with air purification and circulation function in a second perspective according to the application.

[0021] Figure 3 is a perspective exploded view of a hydrogen fuel cell with air purification and circulation function according to the application.

[0022] Figure 4 is a partial perspective exploded view of a hydrogen fuel cell with air purification and circulation function according to the application.

[0023] Figure 5 is a schematic view of the internal structure of the air inlet cover in a hydrogen fuel cell with air purification and circulation function according to the application.

[0024] Figure 6 is a top view of the inside knocking assembly in a hydrogen fuel cell with air purification and circulation function according to the application.

[0025] Figure 7 is a perspective exploded view of the self-cleaning flow guide mechanism in a hydrogen fuel cell with air purification and circulation function according to the application.

[0026] Figure 8 is a perspective view of the filter membrane, the first folding and unfolding piece and the second folding and unfolding piece in a hydrogen fuel cell with air purification and circulation function according to the application.

[0027] Figure 9 is a perspective exploded view of a single electrode in a hydrogen fuel cell with air purification and circulation function according to the application.

[0028] Figure 10 is a sectional view of a single electrode of a hydrogen fuel cell with air purification circulation function.

[0029] The reference signs in the figure are: 1, end plate; 2, single cell; 21, groove; 22, proton exchange membrane; 3, cathode cavity; 31, air inlet; 32, air outlet; 33, wave-shaped channel; 41, air inlet cover; 411, pollution outlet; 412, chute; 413, flow guide cover; 42, air outlet cover; 421, one-way port; 431, first folding member; 432, second folding member; 433, winding roller; 44, flow guide fan; 45, filter membrane; 46, flow guide pipe; 471, transmission shaft; 472, double-shaft reduction motor; 473, clutch; 48, grid; 491, knocking plate; 4911, guide column; 4912, connecting seat; 492, rotating disc; 4921, arc-shaped groove; 493, connecting pin; 494, spring; 51, first wave-shaped partition plate; 52, second wave-shaped partition plate; 6, pressure plate; 7, filter screen. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] In order to further understand the features, technical means and specific purposes and functions achieved by the present application, the present application will be described in further detail below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments.

[0031] As Figures 1-10As shown, a hydrogen fuel cell with air purification circulation function comprises two parallel arranged end plates 1 and single cells 2 arranged at equal intervals between the two end plates 1, and a cathode cavity 3 formed between adjacent single cells 2. The top and bottom of the cathode cavity 3 are closed, the left side of the cathode cavity 3 is provided with an air inlet 31, and the right side is provided with an air outlet 32. The hydrogen fuel cell further comprises a self-cleaning drainage mechanism, which comprises: an air inlet cover 41 arranged at the air inlet 31 of the cathode cavity 3, the air inlet cover 41 is provided with an air inlet window communicating with the outside, and an installation chamber is arranged on both sides of the air inlet window, and the installation chambers are independently arranged and provided with a pollution discharge port 411 communicating with the outside; an air outlet cover 42 arranged at the air outlet 32 of the cathode cavity 3, the air outlet cover 42 is provided with a one-way port 421, which is opened when the air pressure at the air outlet 32 of the cathode cavity 3 exceeds a set threshold; a first retractable member 431 arranged in the installation chamber on the left side of the air inlet window; a second retractable member 432 arranged in the installation chamber on the right side of the air inlet window; a drainage fan 44 arranged inside the air inlet cover 41 for guiding external air to flow into the cathode cavity 3 through the air inlet window; a filter membrane 45 covering the air inlet window, the two sides of the filter membrane 45 respectively extend into the two installation chambers and are wound on the first retractable member 431 and the second retractable member 432, and the two side edges of the filter membrane 45 are attached to the inner side of the pollution discharge port 411; a drainage pipe 46 connecting the air inlet cover 41 and the installation chamber; wherein when the first retractable member 431 and the second retractable member 432 are activated, the filter membrane 45 originally covering the air inlet window area is retracted into the installation chamber, the gas in the air outlet cover 42 enters the installation chamber through the drainage pipe 46, and the impurities attached to the outer side of the filter membrane 45 are blown out to the outside through the pollution discharge port 411.

[0032] The installation chamber is provided with two parallel arranged guide rollers, and the filter membrane 45 is connected across the two guide rollers to make the outer side of the filter membrane 45 parallel to the pollution discharge port 411.

[0033] The single cell 2 comprises two reaction plates with a proton exchange membrane 22, and a plurality of grooves 21 for hydrogen gas entering are arranged on the opposite sides of the two reaction plates. The bottom of the single cell 2 is provided with a hydrogen inlet channel communicating with the grooves 21, and the top is provided with a residual hydrogen outlet channel communicating with the grooves 21. The end plate 1 is provided with a hydrogen joint communicating with the hydrogen inlet channel and a residual hydrogen joint communicating with the residual hydrogen outlet channel. The proton exchange membrane 22 constitutes the groove bottom of the groove 21, and the proton exchange membranes 22 of adjacent single cells 2 constitute the side wall of the cathode cavity 3.

[0034] The hydrogen fuel cell comprises two parallel arranged end plates 1 and single cells 2 arranged at equal intervals between the two end plates 1. Adjacent single cells 2 form a cathode cavity 3, and the top and bottom of the cathode cavity 3 are closed, and the left side is provided with an air inlet 31, and the right side is provided with an air outlet 32.

[0035] The hydrogen fuel cell further comprises a self-cleaning air guiding mechanism. The self-cleaning air guiding mechanism comprises an air inlet cover 41, an air outlet cover 42, a first winding and unwinding member 431, a second winding and unwinding member 432, an air guiding fan 44, a filter membrane 45 and an air guiding pipe 46.

[0036] The air inlet cover 41 is arranged at the air inlet 31 of the single cell 2. The air inlet cover 41 is provided with an air inlet window communicating with the outside, and each of the two sides of the air inlet window is provided with a mounting chamber. The mounting chambers are independently arranged and provided with a pollution discharge port 411 communicating with the outside. Two guide rollers are arranged in the mounting chambers.

[0037] The air outlet cover 42 is arranged at the air outlet 32 of the single cell 2. The air outlet cover 42 is provided with a one-way port 421 which is opened when the air pressure at the air outlet 32 of the single cell 2 exceeds a set threshold value.

[0038] The first winding and unwinding member 431 and the second winding and unwinding member 432 are arranged in the two mounting chambers respectively. The air guiding fan 44 is arranged in the air inlet cover 41. The filter membrane 45 covers the air inlet window, and the two sides of the filter membrane 45 extend into the two mounting chambers and are wound on the first winding and unwinding member 431 and the second winding and unwinding member 432 respectively. The filter membrane 45 is bridged on the two guide rollers, so that the outer side of the filter membrane 45 is parallel to the pollution discharge port 411, and the two side edges of the filter membrane 45 are attached to the inner side of the pollution discharge port 411.

[0039] The air guiding pipe 46 communicates the air inlet cover 41 with the mounting chambers. The single cell 2 comprises two reaction plates provided with a proton exchange membrane 22, and a plurality of grooves 21 for hydrogen gas entering are arranged on the opposite sides of the two reaction plates. The bottom of the single cell 2 is provided with a hydrogen inlet channel communicating with the grooves 21, and the top of the single cell 2 is provided with a residual hydrogen outlet channel communicating with the grooves 21. The end plate 1 is provided with a hydrogen joint communicating with the hydrogen inlet channel and a residual hydrogen joint communicating with the residual hydrogen outlet channel. The proton exchange membrane 22 constitutes the groove bottom of the grooves 21, and the proton exchange membranes 22 of adjacent single cells 2 constitute the side walls of the cathode chamber 3.

[0040] The air guiding fan 44 guides the external air into the cathode chamber 3 through the air inlet window, and the air is filtered again by the filter membrane 45. When the filter membrane 45 needs to be cleaned, the first winding and unwinding member 431 and the second winding and unwinding member 432 are started to wind the original filter membrane 45 covering the air inlet window area, so that a new filter membrane 45 covers the air inlet window. At the same time, the residual air in the air outlet cover 42 enters the mounting chamber through the air guiding pipe 46 to blow the outer side of the filter membrane 45, and the attached impurities are discharged through the pollution discharge port 411.

[0041] The application realizes automatic replacement and cleaning of the filter membrane 45 through the self-cleaning drainage mechanism, maintains the filtering efficiency, realizes reverse blowing cleaning through the unreacted residual air, realizes recycling of energy, the guide roller structure ensures parallel relationship between the filter membrane 45 and the pollution discharge port 411, and improves the cleaning effect; the overall structure realizes automatic operation of air filtration and self-cleaning, and improves the working efficiency and reliability of the fuel cell.

[0042] The first and second take-up and pay-off members 431 and 432 are tubular motors.

[0043] As the first and second take-up and pay-off members 431 and 432, the first and second take-up and pay-off members 431 and 432 are tubular motors. The tubular motor is arranged inside the mounting chamber, and the output shaft is coaxially connected with the winding shaft of the filter membrane 45.

[0044] The housing of the tubular motor is fixed to the inner wall of the mounting chamber through a mounting bracket. The rotation direction of the tubular motor can be controlled, and the forward and reverse rotation operation can be realized.

[0045] When it is necessary to replace the overlapping area of the filter membrane 45 relative to the air inlet window, the control system starts the tubular motor. The tubular motor in one mounting chamber performs the winding operation, and the tubular motor in the other mounting chamber synchronously releases the filter membrane 45, so that the filter membrane 45 is smoothly moved.

[0046] As shown in Figure 4 , Figure 5 and Figure 6 , the first and second take-up and pay-off members 431 and 432 are winding rollers 433; the self-cleaning drainage mechanism further comprises a rotary drive assembly, and the rotary drive assembly comprises two transmission shafts 471, the transmission shafts 471 are rotatably arranged on the air inlet cover 41, one end of each transmission shaft 471 is respectively in transmission connection with one winding roller 433, a double-shaft reduction motor 472 is arranged on the air inlet cover 41, and a clutch 473 is connected between the output shaft of the double-shaft reduction motor 472 and the end portion of the transmission shaft 471, and is used for transmitting or cutting off the transmission torque.

[0047] As the first and second take-up and pay-off members 431 and 432, the first and second take-up and pay-off members 431 and 432 are winding rollers 433. The self-cleaning drainage mechanism further comprises a rotary drive assembly, and the rotary drive assembly comprises two transmission shafts 471, a double-shaft reduction motor 472 and a clutch 473.

[0048] The two transmission shafts 471 are rotatably arranged on the air inlet cover 41. One end of each transmission shaft 471 is respectively in transmission connection with one winding roller 433 through a shaft coupling.

[0049] A double-shaft reduction motor 472 is arranged on the air inlet cover 41, and has a double-end output structure. A clutch 473 is connected between the output shaft of the double-shaft reduction motor 472 and the end of the transmission shaft 471.

[0050] When the filter membrane 45 needs to be replaced, the double-shaft reduction motor 472 is started. The clutch 473 selectively transmits the motor torque to the corresponding transmission shaft 471 according to the control signal. When the filter membrane 45 needs to be wound, the clutch 473 transmits the motor torque to the transmission shaft 471 on the corresponding side to drive the winding roller 433 to perform the winding operation. The clutch 473 on the other side remains in the separated state to allow the winding roller 433 to rotate freely to release the filter membrane 45. By controlling the engagement and separation of the clutch 473, the independent driving of the two winding rollers 433 is realized.

[0051] As shown in Figure 7 , the air inlet window is provided with a grid 48 on the inner side of the filter membrane 45.

[0052] The air inlet window is provided with a grid 48 on the inner side of the filter membrane 45. The grid 48 is fixedly installed on the air inlet window frame, and the grid bars are arranged in the vertical direction to form a grid-shaped support structure.

[0053] The grid bar spacing of the grid 48 is greater than the pore size of the filter membrane 45, which ensures that the air flow is not affected while providing effective support. The surface of the grid 48 is parallel to the filter membrane 45, and the distance between them remains constant.

[0054] The outer side of the filter membrane 45 is also provided with a filter screen 7 to prevent large particles from blocking the outer surface of the filter membrane 45, thereby protecting its filtering efficiency and service life.

[0055] When the drainage fan 44 is working, a negative pressure is generated in the air inlet window area. The filter membrane 45 moves inward under the action of the air flow, but due to the blocking action of the grid 48, the filter membrane 45 can only abut against the surface of the grid 48 and cannot continue to deform inward. The grid bar structure of the grid 48 provides uniform support force for the filter membrane 45, preventing local stress concentration. During the entire filtering process, the filter membrane 45 always maintains the state of being attached to the grid 48.

[0056] As shown in Figure 6 and Figure 7 , the self-cleaning drainage mechanism further includes an inner side knocking assembly arranged in the mounting chamber. The inner side knocking assembly includes a knocking plate 491 slidingly arranged in the mounting chamber along the thickness direction of the filter membrane 45, and guide columns 4911 are arranged at the top end and the bottom end of the knocking plate 491. A rotating disc 492 is rotatably installed on the air inlet cover 41, and the end of the winding roller 433 is in transmission connection with the rotating disc 492. An arc-shaped groove 4921 is formed in the circumferential surface of the rotating disc 492, and the circumferential surface of the rotating disc 492 is in sliding cooperation with the guide columns 4911.

[0057] The self-cleaning drainage mechanism further comprises an inner side knocking assembly arranged in the mounting chamber. The inner side knocking assembly comprises a knocking plate 491 and a rotating disc 492.

[0058] The knocking plate 491 is arranged in the mounting chamber in the thickness direction of the filter membrane 45. The top end and the bottom end of the knocking plate 491 are provided with guide columns 4911 which are in sliding fit with guide grooves on the inner wall of the mounting chamber.

[0059] The rotating disc 492 is rotatably arranged on the air inlet cover 41. The end of the rotating disc 492 is connected with the end of the winding roller 433 through a gear or a belt transmission. The circumferential surface of the rotating disc 492 is provided with an arc-shaped groove 4921, and the circumferential surface of the rotating disc 492 is in sliding fit with the guide columns 4911.

[0060] When the winding roller 433 rotates to wind or unwind the filter membrane 45, the rotating disc 492 is driven to rotate synchronously. The arc-shaped groove 4921 on the circumferential surface of the rotating disc 492 interacts with the guide columns 4911 on the knocking plate 491, so as to convert the rotary motion of the rotating disc 492 into the reciprocating linear motion of the knocking plate 491. The knocking plate 491 periodically knocks the inner side surface of the filter membrane 45 in the reciprocating motion, so as to generate vibration.

[0061] As shown in Figure 6 The side of the knocking plate 491 away from the filter membrane 45 is provided with a connecting seat 4912. The inner side knocking assembly further comprises a connecting pin 493 fixedly arranged on the inner wall of the mounting chamber, the connecting pin 493 slidingly penetrates the connecting seat 4912, and a spring 494 sleeved on the connecting pin 493, the spring 494 being located between the pin cap of the connecting pin 493 and the connecting seat 4912.

[0062] The side of the knocking plate 491 away from the filter membrane 45 is provided with a connecting seat 4912. The inner side knocking assembly further comprises a connecting pin 493 and a spring 494.

[0063] The connecting pin 493 is fixedly arranged on the inner wall of the mounting chamber. The connecting pin 493 slidingly penetrates the guide hole arranged on the connecting seat 4912, so as to form a sliding fit.

[0064] The spring 494 is sleeved on the connecting pin 493. The spring 494 is located between the pin cap of the connecting pin 493 and the connecting seat 4912, and is in a pre-compressed state.

[0065] When the rotating disc 492 rotates to push the guide column 4911, the knocking plate 491 moves to the direction of the filter membrane 45 against the elastic force of the spring 494, and knocks the filter membrane 45. When the rotating disc 492 continues to rotate to the release position of the arc-shaped slot 4921, the restoring force of the spring 494 pushes the knocking plate 491 to reset, so that the knocking plate 491 moves away from the filter membrane 45. The elastic force of the spring 494 ensures that the knocking plate 491 can reset in time after completing the knocking, and prepares for the next knocking action.

[0066] As shown in Figure 6 , the top of the air inlet cover 41 is provided with a sliding groove 412 which is in sliding fit with the guide column 4911, and the self-cleaning drainage mechanism further comprises a drainage cover 413 which is in communication with the drainage pipe 46, and the drainage cover 413 is arranged on the air inlet cover 41, and the sliding groove 412 is located in the air inlet cover 41.

[0067] The top of the air inlet cover 41 is provided with a sliding groove 412. The sliding groove 412 extends in the vertical direction and is in sliding fit with the guide column 4911 on the knocking plate 491, so as to provide guidance for the movement of the knocking plate 491.

[0068] The self-cleaning drainage mechanism further comprises a drainage cover 413. The drainage cover 413 is arranged on the air inlet cover 41 and is in communication with the drainage pipe 46. The outlet of the drainage cover 413 is arranged towards the inside of the mounting chamber. The sliding groove 412 is located in the air inlet cover 41 and is arranged independently of the drainage cover 413.

[0069] When the knocking plate 491 moves, the guide column 4911 at the top end of the knocking plate 491 slides in the sliding groove 412 at the top of the air inlet cover 41, so as to ensure that the knocking plate 491 moves along an accurate vertical track. The drainage cover 413 concentrates the airflow introduced by the drainage pipe 46 and guides it to the inside of the mounting chamber, so as to realize reverse blowing of the filter membrane 45. The guiding effect of the sliding groove 412 and the airflow guiding function of the drainage cover 413 cooperate with each other to complete the cleaning work of the filter membrane 45.

[0070] As shown in Figure 9 and Figure 10 , the cathode cavity 3 is arranged with a wave-shaped channel 33 extending from the air inlet 31 to the air outlet 32 in the vertical direction.

[0071] The cathode cavity 3 is arranged with a wave-shaped channel 33 in the vertical direction. The wave-shaped channel 33 extends from the air inlet 31 to the air outlet 32 and penetrates the entire length of the cathode cavity 3.

[0072] The wave-shaped channel 33 is composed of alternating protrusions and grooves, forming a continuous undulating flow passage profile. The peaks and troughs of the channel are both spaced from the upper and lower inner walls of the cathode cavity 3.

[0073] Air enters the cathode chamber 3 from the air inlet 31 and flows along the wavy channel 33 towards the air outlet 32. The air flow generates vortex and turbulence in the channel, increasing the contact area and contact time with the proton exchange membrane 22. The undulating structure of the wavy channel 33 changes the direction and flow rate of the air flow constantly, enhancing the gas mixing effect.

[0074] As shown in Figure 9 and Figure 10 , further comprising a first wavy baffle 51 and a second wavy baffle 52; the first wavy baffle 51 and the second wavy baffle 52 are arranged on opposite sides of the cathode chamber 3 along the vertical direction at equal intervals, and the two are staggered; the width of the first wavy baffle 51 and the second wavy baffle 52 is less than the width of the cathode chamber 3.

[0075] The first wavy baffle 51 and the second wavy baffle 52 are staggered to form a zigzag air flow channel. The width of the first wavy baffle 51 and the second wavy baffle 52 is less than the width of the cathode chamber 3, forming a vertical flow passage between the baffle and the opposite side wall.

[0076] After air enters the cathode chamber 3 from the air inlet 31, it forms a zigzag flow path under the guidance of the staggered wavy baffles. The water vapor generated during the reaction condenses on the chamber wall, and the liquid water flows down the chamber wall by gravity and is discharged from the cathode chamber 3 through the vertical flow passage between the baffle and the chamber wall. The staggered baffle structure ensures that the air flow is fully disturbed while providing a smooth discharge channel for liquid water.

[0077] As shown in Figure 2 , the outer side of the air outlet cover 42 is provided with a pressure plate 6 hinged thereto, the pressure plate 6 is located outside the one-way port 421, and a torsional spring is arranged on the hinge shaft of the pressure plate 6 and the air outlet cover 42, one end of the torsional spring is connected with the pressure plate 6, and the other end of the torsional spring is connected with the air outlet cover 42.

[0078] The outer side of the air outlet cover 42 is provided with a pressure plate 6. The pressure plate 6 is rotatably connected to the air outlet cover 42 through a hinge shaft, and the pressure plate 6 is located outside the one-way port 421.

[0079] A torsional spring is arranged on the hinge shaft. The two ends of the torsional spring are respectively fixedly connected with the pressure plate 6 and the air outlet cover 42, and the torsional spring provides a torque for the pressure plate 6 to move towards the closed position.

[0080] When the air pressure at the air outlet 32 of the cathode chamber 3 is lower than the set threshold, the torque of the torsional spring keeps the pressure plate 6 in the closed state, sealing the one-way port 421. When the air pressure at the air outlet 32 exceeds the set threshold, the gas pressure overcomes the torque of the torsional spring, pushing the pressure plate 6 to rotate around the hinge shaft and opening the one-way port 421 to discharge the gas. After the air pressure decreases, the torsional spring drives the pressure plate 6 to reset and reseal the one-way port 421.

[0081] The above embodiments only express one or several embodiments of the present application, the description is more specific and detailed, but it cannot be understood as the limitation of the protection scope of the present application. It should be pointed out that for ordinary skilled in the art, without departing from the concept of the present application, a number of modifications and improvements can be made, which belong to the protection scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application should be subject to the appended claims.

Claims

1. A hydrogen fuel cell with air purification and recirculation function, characterized in that, The hydrogen fuel cell comprises two parallel end plates (1) and single cells (2) arranged at equal intervals between the two end plates (1), adjacent single cells (2) form a cathode cavity (3), the top and bottom of the cathode cavity (3) are closed, the left side of the cathode cavity (3) is provided with an air inlet (31), and the right side is provided with an air outlet (32); the hydrogen fuel cell further comprises a self-cleaning drainage mechanism, the self-cleaning drainage mechanism comprises: An air inlet cover (41) is arranged at the air inlet (31) of the cathode cavity (3), the air inlet cover (41) is provided with an air inlet window communicating with the outside, and one mounting chamber is arranged on each side of the air inlet window, the mounting chambers are independently arranged and provided with a blowdown port (411) communicating with the outside; An air outlet cover (42) is arranged at the air outlet (32) of the cathode cavity (3), the air outlet cover (42) is provided with a one-way port (421), the one-way port (421) is opened when the air pressure at the air outlet (32) of the cathode cavity (3) exceeds a set threshold value; A first winding and unwinding member (431) is arranged in the mounting chamber on the left side of the air inlet window; A second winding and unwinding member (432) is arranged in the mounting chamber on the right side of the air inlet window; A drainage fan (44) is arranged inside the air inlet cover (41) for guiding external air to flow into the cathode cavity (3) through the air inlet window; A filter membrane (45) covers the air inlet window, the two sides of the filter membrane (45) extend into the two mounting chambers respectively, and are wound on the first winding and unwinding member (431) and the second winding and unwinding member (432) respectively, and the two side edges of the filter membrane (45) are attached to the inner side of the blowdown port (411); A drainage pipe (46) connects the air inlet cover (41) and the mounting chamber; When the first winding and unwinding member (431) and the second winding and unwinding member (432) are started, the filter membrane (45) covering the air inlet window area is wound into the mounting chamber, the gas in the air outlet cover (42) enters the mounting chamber through the drainage pipe (46), and the impurities attached to the outer side of the filter membrane (45) are blown out to the outside through the blowdown port (411) in the opposite direction.

2. The hydrogen fuel cell having an air purification circulation function according to claim 1, characterized by, The first winding and unwinding member (431) and the second winding and unwinding member (432) are both tubular motors.

3. The hydrogen fuel cell with air purification circulation function according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first winding and unwinding member (431) and the second winding and unwinding member (432) are both winding rollers (433); the self-cleaning drainage mechanism further comprises a rotary drive assembly, the rotary drive assembly comprises: Two transmission shafts (471) are rotatably arranged on the air inlet cover (41), one end of each transmission shaft (471) is in transmission connection with one winding roller (433) respectively; A double-shaft reduction motor (472) is arranged on the air inlet cover (41); A clutch (473) is connected between the output shaft of the double-shaft reduction motor (472) and the end of the transmission shaft (471), for transmitting or cutting off the transmission torque.

4. The hydrogen fuel cell with air purification circulation function according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, A grille (48) is arranged on the inner side of the filter membrane (45).

5. The hydrogen fuel cell having an air purification circulation function according to claim 3, wherein The self-cleaning drainage mechanism further comprises an inner side knocking assembly arranged in the mounting chamber, the inner side knocking assembly comprises: A knocking plate (491) is slidably arranged in the mounting chamber along the thickness direction of the filter membrane (45), and the top end and the bottom end of the knocking plate (491) are provided with guide columns (4911). A rotating disc (492) is rotatably mounted on the air inlet cover (41), the rotating disc (492) is in transmission connection with the end of the winding roller (433), an arc-shaped groove (4921) is arranged on the circumferential surface of the rotating disc (492), and the circumferential surface of the rotating disc (492) is in sliding fit with the guide column (4911).

6. The hydrogen fuel cell having an air purification circulation function according to claim 5, wherein The side, away from the filter membrane (45), of the knocking plate (491) is provided with a connecting seat (4912), and the inner side knocking assembly further comprises: A connecting pin (493) is fixedly arranged on the inner wall of the mounting chamber, the connecting pin (493) is in sliding penetration with the connecting seat (4912); A spring (494) is sleeved on the connecting pin (493), and the spring (494) is located between the pin cap of the connecting pin (493) and the connecting seat (4912).

7. The hydrogen fuel cell with air purification circulation function according to claim 5, wherein The top of the air inlet cover (41) is provided with a sliding groove (412) in sliding fit with the guide column (4911), the self-cleaning drainage mechanism further comprises a drainage cover (413) in communication with the drainage pipe (46), the drainage cover (413) is arranged on the air inlet cover (41), and the sliding groove (412) is located in the air inlet cover (41).

8. The hydrogen fuel cell with air purification circulation function according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, Wavy-shaped channels (33) extending from the air inlet (31) to the air outlet (32) are arranged in the vertical direction in the cathode cavity (3).

9. The hydrogen fuel cell having an air purification circulation function according to claim 8, wherein Further comprising a first wavy-shaped partition plate (51) and a second wavy-shaped partition plate (52); The first wavy-shaped partition plate (51) and the second wavy-shaped partition plate (52) are respectively arranged on opposite sides of the cathode cavity (3) at equal intervals in the vertical direction, and are arranged in a staggered manner. The width of the first wavy-shaped partition plate (51) and the second wavy-shaped partition plate (52) is less than the width of the cathode cavity (3).

10. The hydrogen fuel cell with air purification circulation function according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, The outer side of the air outlet cover (42) is provided with a pressure plate (6) hinged thereto, the pressure plate (6) is located on the outer side of the one-way port (421), a torsional spring is arranged on the hinge shaft of the pressure plate (6) and the air outlet cover (42), one end of the torsional spring is connected with the pressure plate (6), and the other end of the torsional spring is connected with the air outlet cover (42).

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