Continuous feeding type ammonia reducing-nitrogen preserving-maturing promoting composting reactor and method

Abstract

The invention discloses a continuous feeding type ammonia reducing-nitrogen preserving-maturing promoting composting reactor and method, and belongs to the technical field of organic solid waste resourceful treatment and environmental engineering. The device adopts a mode of'four-zone sectional treatment + internal odor circulation + water vapor / ammonia gas management + adaptive aeration control 'to realize continuous feeding, zone synergistic fermentation and efficient nitrogen interception. The reactor integrates an ammonia gas and odor reduction unit in which electrodes assist microorganisms, a circulating pump drives gas to flow back, and a selective membrane is combined with activated carbon, and an aeration regulation and control system based on oxygen concentration feedback. And when a fermentation period is completed in about 20 days, ammonia emission and nitrogen loss are effectively reduced, decomposition is promoted, the quality of a compost product is improved, and the engineering value capable of being amplified and applied is achieved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application belongs to the technical field of organic solid waste resource treatment and environmental engineering, and particularly relates to a continuous feeding type ammonia reduction-nitrogen preservation-rotting maturity composting reactor and method. BACKGROUND

[0002] At present, composting of kitchen garbage and livestock and poultry manure is an important way to realize resource utilization of waste. However, most of the traditional composting devices are single module reactors, that is, composting reaction after one-time feeding, which cannot meet the timely resource disposal demand of continuously generated waste. If the number of reactors is increased, the cost will be increased. In recent years, some reactors have adopted continuous feeding operation, but the materials are mixed in one reactor. When the composting of the fresh sample is not completed, the mixed materials cannot guarantee the quality of the fertilizer if they are discharged from the reactor without being fully reacted. If the composting time is prolonged to wait for the complete rotting of the materials in order to improve the quality of the fertilizer, a large amount of time and labor will be wasted. Therefore, how to effectively shorten the composting cycle and improve the composting efficiency while guaranteeing the quality of the fertilizer is a problem to be solved at present.

[0003] In addition, ammonia emission is a particularly prominent problem in the composting process. The large amount of ammonia emission not only leads to nitrogen loss and reduces the fertilizer efficiency, but also causes serious environmental pollution. Moreover, the problem of mismatch between oxygen supply and composting stage also exists. In different stages of composting, the oxygen demand of microorganisms is different, but the aeration control of the traditional composting device is relatively extensive and cannot supply oxygen appropriately according to the composting stage. This not only affects the fermentation efficiency, but also may lead to incomplete composting process and affect the rotting degree.

[0004] In summary, the traditional composting device has many problems in material processing mode and cycle, ammonia emission, oxygen supply and the like. These problems seriously restrict the development and application of composting technology. Therefore, it is urgent to develop a new composting reactor which can realize continuous feeding, partitioned collaborative reaction, and has the functions of ammonia interception, odor reduction and adaptive aeration control, so as to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art, improve the composting efficiency and fertilizer quality, and realize efficient resource utilization of waste. SUMMARY

[0005] The present application aims to overcome the defects in the prior art, and provides a continuous feeding type ammonia reduction-nitrogen preservation-rotting maturity composting reactor and method, which can continuously feed, partitioned treatment, and realize ammonia reduction, nitrogen preservation and rotting maturity.

[0006] The specific technical solutions adopted by the present application are as follows: In a first aspect, the present application provides a continuous sampling type ammonia-reducing, nitrogen-preserving and composting-maturation reactor, comprising: A vertical columnar reaction bin, which is divided into a temperature-raising bin, a high-temperature bin, a temperature-lowering bin and a maturation bin from top to bottom by detachable partition plates, and the bins are not connected to each other; A feeding and discharging mechanism, the temperature-raising bin is provided with a feeding port, and the maturation bin is provided with a discharging port, and the material is sequentially pushed to ferment between the bins by removing the partition plates; An aeration system, comprising an air inlet pipe in communication with each bin, to realize adaptive aeration in the bins; An ammonia and odor management unit, comprising an ammonia barrier film, an activated carbon screen and a gas condensation and collection device arranged from bottom to top on the top of the reaction bin, respectively used for ammonia barrier, odor reduction and water vapor recovery; A circulating gas path, the ammonia outlet of each bin is collected through an ammonia outlet pipe, then flows back to each bin through a circulating pump and a drying device through a circulating gas inlet pipe to realize circulation; A monitoring and control system, integrated with temperature, humidity, oxygen and ammonia sensors, and combined with a control module, used for regulating and controlling the aeration, circulation and safety relief of each bin; A safety relief mechanism, each bin is provided with a relief valve, and the top of the gas condensation and collection device is provided with an exhaust pipe, used for automatic exhaust under abnormal pressure.

[0007] As a preferred, the partition plate comprises an upper hole plate and a lower supporting plate with a spacing, and the gap between the two plates is used for temporarily storing material leachate; in addition, the air inlet pipe and the circulating gas inlet pipe of each bin are respectively partially guided to the lower part of the upper hole plate through the gas guide pipe in the bin, so that the gas can fully contact with the material in the bin.

[0008] As a preferred, an air pump, an on-off valve, a sensor, a flow meter and a heater are sequentially arranged on the air inlet pipe in the direction of gas flow.

[0009] As a preferred, the ammonia barrier film and the activated carbon screen completely cover the cross section of the top of the reaction bin; the gas condensation and collection device comprises a glass cover, a drainage plate and an exhaust pipe; the glass cover is inverted on the top of the reaction bin, and the ammonia barrier film and the activated carbon screen are completely covered by the glass cover; the inside of the glass cover is provided with a downward inclined drainage plate, which is used for collecting the water vapor condensed into drops on the top of the glass cover into a water collecting tank formed between the glass cover and the drainage plate during the composting reaction.

[0010] As a preferred, the outer wall of the reaction bin is provided with a 5 cm thermal insulation interlayer, which is made of carbon steel, filled with rock wool or polyurethane, and the inner wall is coated with a corrosion-resistant layer.

[0011] As a preferred, the temperature-raising bin is further provided with two electrode plates connected with a direct current power supply, and the working current is 0.5-1 A / m 2, the power-on time is 2-4 h / time, which is used for promoting microbial metabolism and rapid temperature rise.

[0012] As preferred, the height ratio of the temperature rising bin, the high temperature bin, the temperature decreasing bin and the composting bin is 4:4:3:3, each bin is provided with a door handle for opening and a plurality of sensor interfaces for monitoring the state of the pile.

[0013] As preferred, the dryer uses water-absorbing resin or bentonite as the filling material for adsorbing water vapor.

[0014] As preferred, the ammonia barrier film uses a three-layer composite ePTFE film, an activated carbon non-woven fabric composite film or a nanomolecular film.

[0015] In the second aspect, the present application provides a composting method using the continuous sampling type ammonia reduction-nitrogen retention-composting reactor according to any one of the first aspect, specifically as follows: The material to be treated is pretreated and then enters the temperature rising bin through the feeding port, and the two electrode plates arranged in the temperature rising bin are started to perform intermittent current intensification. During the reaction process, water vapor and ammonia gas are generated, most of the ammonia gas is intercepted by the ammonia barrier film and the activated carbon net, and a small amount of ammonia gas is discharged through the exhaust pipe for subsequent treatment. Since the upper part of the temperature rising bin is provided with a glass cover, it can receive sunlight on sunny days to promote the temperature rise of the material pile, and when there is no sunlight, it is covered with thermal insulation cotton. During the reaction process, a large amount of gas is generated in each bin, and the intermittent start of the circulating pump can extract the gas in the bin through the ammonia gas outlet pipe. The gas enters the dryer to remove the water, and then is input into each bin through the circulating gas inlet pipe, part of which is introduced into the lower part through the gas guide branch pipe in the bin, realizing up and down ventilation. The state of the pile is monitored and recorded in real time through the oxygen sensor and the temperature and humidity sensor arranged in the sensor interface, and if the oxygen content is lower than the preset value, the air pump is started to introduce external air into the bin through the air inlet pipe. After continuous sampling for several days, the partition plates between the bins are opened, and the material in the previous bin is transferred to the next bin, so that the material to be treated is sequentially subjected to fermentation treatment in the temperature rising bin, the high temperature bin, the temperature decreasing bin and the composting bin, and then discharged from the discharge port of the composting bin.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the present application has the following beneficial effects: 1) Continuous sampling and partition control, breaking through the traditional intermittent composting mode and the problem of mixing fresh materials and fertilizers, ensuring process and high efficiency operation; 2) Multi-dimensional nitrogen management, combined with ammonia gas selective permeation membrane, circulating gas path and activated carbon adsorption, significantly reducing ammonia gas emission and improving nitrogen retention; 3) Odor and water vapor are cooperatively treated, and condensation structure and recycling reduce odor escape and secondary pollution; 4) Staged aeration control, dynamic oxygen supply based on sensor feedback, to improve fermentation efficiency and composting quality; 5) Modular device structure, with application potential from small-scale to engineering-scale scaling, suitable for various organic solid waste scenarios. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 Structure front view of the continuous feeding type ammonia-reducing, nitrogen-preserving, and composting-promoting heap reactor.

[0018] Figure 2 Structure left view of the continuous feeding type ammonia-reducing, nitrogen-preserving, and composting-promoting heap reactor.

[0019] Figure 3 Structure rear view of the continuous feeding type ammonia-reducing, nitrogen-preserving, and composting-promoting heap reactor.

[0020] Figure 4 Structure top view of the continuous feeding type ammonia-reducing, nitrogen-preserving, and composting-promoting heap reactor.

[0021] Figure 5 Structure schematic diagram of the partition plate.

[0022] Figure 6 Cross-sectional view of the continuous feeding type ammonia-reducing, nitrogen-preserving, and composting-promoting heap reactor, showing the internal gas exchange process.

[0023] The reference signs are as follows: 1 glass cover; 2 drainage plate; 3 reaction bin; 4 door handle; 5 exhaust pipe; 6 water collecting tank; 7 activated carbon screen; 8 ammonia barrier membrane; 9 pressure relief valve; 10 ammonia gas outlet; 11 sensor interface; 12 ammonia gas outlet pipe; 14 air inlet pipe; 15 circulating gas inlet pipe; 16 dryer; 17 circulating pump; 18 air pump; 19 on-off valve; 20 sensor; 21 flow meter; 22 heater; 23 partition plate; 24 electrode plate; 25 direct current power supply; 26 bin internal air guide pipe. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] To make the above-mentioned purposes, features and advantages of the present application more obvious and easy to understand, the specific embodiments of the present application are described in detail below in combination with the drawings. In the following description, many specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present application. However, the present application can be implemented in many other ways different from those described herein, and those skilled in the art can make similar improvements without departing from the scope of the present application, so the present application is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below. The technical features in each embodiment of the present application can be combined accordingly without conflict.

[0025] The present application provides a continuous feeding type ammonia-reducing, nitrogen-preserving, and composting-promoting heap reactor, which is suitable for rapid aerobic fermentation of organic solid waste and mainly includes the following modules: The vertical columnar reaction chamber 3 is divided into four independent reaction chambers by removable partitions 23. From top to bottom, these are the heating chamber, high-temperature chamber, cooling chamber, and composting chamber. Figure 1 As shown.

[0026] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, such as Figure 6 As shown, the separator 23 has a double-layer structure, including an upper perforated plate and a lower receiving plate with a certain interval. The gap between the two plates is used to temporarily store the leachate. The upper perforated plate, located on the upper layer, is about 2-3 cm thick and can be covered with wire mesh to support the material. Figure 5 As shown, the opening diameter of the upper perforated plate can be around 1cm, and the mesh size of the covered wire mesh can be 2-5mm.

[0027] In actual use, the partition plate 23 can be pulled out through the groove or an automatic flipping device to move the material to another compartment. That is to say, when the materials in each reaction compartment are turned over, in addition to manually removing the partition plate 23 to allow the materials to sink due to gravity, an automatic control module can be added to design the partition plate 23 as an automatic flipping device, which can be opened and closed manually or remotely controlled by a program to move the materials down.

[0028] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the outer wall of the reaction chamber 3 is provided with a 5 cm heat insulation interlayer made of carbon steel, the interlayer is filled with rock wool or polyurethane, and the inner wall is coated with an anti-corrosion layer.

[0029] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, such as Figure 6 As shown, the heating chamber is also equipped with two electrode plates 24 connected to the DC power supply 25. The anode of the electrode plate is a titanium-plated ruthenium-iridium electrode, and the cathode is a stainless steel conductive electrode plate. The operating current is 0.5-1 A / m. 2 The power-on time is 2-4 hours per cycle, which is used to promote microbial metabolism and rapid temperature rise.

[0030] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, based on the material content reduction pattern during composting, the height ratio of the heating chamber, high-temperature chamber, cooling chamber, and composting chamber is 4:4:3:3, and each chamber is equipped with a door handle 4 that can be opened independently. Figure 2 As shown. Opening the heating chamber door allows for continuous sample introduction, while opening the composting chamber door allows for sample discharge. Turning the compost can be done by opening each chamber door. After 15-20 days of zoned fermentation, mature compost product is formed.

[0031] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, different sensor interfaces 11 are sequentially arranged from top to bottom on the rear side of each compartment to facilitate monitoring of the stack status, such as... Figure 3As shown. For example, sensor points can be installed at 4 / 5 height in each compartment to monitor the oxygen content in the air above the material, and sensor interfaces can be installed at 1 / 5 and 2 / 5 height to measure the temperature and humidity content in the material.

[0032] The feeding and discharging mechanism has a feeding port in the heating chamber and a discharging port in the composting chamber. The material is fermented sequentially between the chambers by removing the partition plate 23.

[0033] The aeration system includes air inlet pipes 14 connected to each compartment, enabling compartment-specific adaptive aeration, such as... Figure 4 As shown.

[0034] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, to ensure sufficient gas supply in each compartment and avoid difficulties in contact between oxygen and the materials below, such as... Figure 6 As shown, the air inlet pipe 14 and the circulating air inlet pipe 15 of each compartment are respectively guided to the area below the upper perforated plate through the in-compartment air guide pipe 26. Air can overflow from the round hole above the partition to supply oxygen to the material, so that the gas can fully contact the material in the compartment. Along the gas flow direction, the air inlet pipe 14 is sequentially equipped with an air pump 18, an on / off valve 19, a sensor 20, a flow meter 21, and a heater 22.

[0035] In practical use, the aeration rate of the heating / high-temperature chamber is 0.36 L·kg⁻¹, depending on the oxygen demand at different fermentation stages. -1 DM·min -1 The ventilation rate of the cooling / fermentation chamber is 0.24 L·kg⁻¹. -1 DM·min -1 Intermittent ventilation (on for 30 minutes / off for 30 minutes).

[0036] The ammonia and odor management unit includes, from bottom to top, an ammonia barrier membrane 8, an activated carbon mesh 7, and a gas condensation and collection device, which are respectively used for ammonia barrier, odor reduction, and water vapor recovery at the top of the reaction chamber 3. Figure 1 As shown.

[0037] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the top of the heating chamber is provided with a composite cover plate. The bottom layer of the composite cover plate is an ammonia selective permeation membrane (i.e., an ammonia barrier membrane 8), and the upper layer is an activated carbon adsorption layer (i.e., an activated carbon mesh 7). Both the ammonia barrier membrane 8 and the activated carbon mesh 7 completely cover the top cross-section of the reaction chamber 3. The composite cover plate can be connected to the main body of the reaction chamber 3 by screws and silicone gaskets to ensure the airtightness of the device.

[0038] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the gas condensation and collection device includes a glass cover 1, a diversion plate 2, and an exhaust pipe 5. The glass cover 1 is inverted on top of the reaction chamber 3, completely covering the ammonia barrier membrane 8 and the activated carbon mesh 7. The glass cover can be made of high-temperature resistant polycarbonate (PC) light-transmitting window, which can be heated by solar energy on sunny days and covered with heat insulation cotton at night. Inside the glass cover 1, there is a downwardly inclined diversion plate 2, which is used to collect the liquid droplets formed by water vapor condensing at the top of the glass cover 1 during the composting reaction into the water collection tank 6 formed between the glass cover 1 and the diversion plate 2. In actual use, the upper part of the diversion plate 2 can be funnel-shaped, that is, open in the middle and inclined downward around the edges, so as to facilitate the collection of liquid into the water collection tank 6 formed by the surrounding grooves.

[0039] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the ammonia barrier membrane 8 can be a three-layer composite ePTFE membrane, an activated carbon nonwoven composite membrane, or a nanomolecular membrane.

[0040] In the circulating gas path, the ammonia gas from the outlets 10 of each compartment is collected via the ammonia outlet pipe 12, then passes through the dryer 16 and the circulating pump 17, and finally flows back to each compartment through the circulating gas inlet pipe 15 to achieve circulation, thus realizing the dehumidification and reuse of the waste gas. Figure 3 As shown.

[0041] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the air outlets of each zone are collected through a main pipe, dehumidified by a moisture-absorbing packing tube, and then returned to the reactor by a circulating air pump. The air inlet pipe is supplied with air by an independent aeration pump, which is activated when the oxygen concentration is lower than a preset value (e.g., 5%). The dryer 16 uses water-absorbing resin or bentonite as the filling material to adsorb moisture, and is replaced as needed.

[0042] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the diameter of the gas inlet and outlet of the reactor is not less than 3cm to ensure that the gas transmission process is not blocked, and each interface can be equipped with a T-connector of corresponding size to ensure airtightness.

[0043] The monitoring and control system integrates temperature, humidity, oxygen, and ammonia sensors, along with a control module, to regulate the aeration, circulation, and safety depressurization of each compartment.

[0044] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, sensors for temperature, humidity, oxygen content and flow rate can be connected to the reactor body, circulation pipe and aeration pipe respectively to realize real-time data storage and online monitoring. At the same time, manually openable and closed valves are provided in the circulation pipe and air inlet pipe for control.

[0045] The safety pressure relief mechanism includes a pressure relief valve 9 in each compartment and an exhaust pipe 5 at the top of the gas condensation and collection device for automatic exhaust under abnormal pressure.

[0046] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the pressure relief valve installed on the exhaust pipe at the top of the heating zone can be opened when the pressure is greater than 0.05 MPa, and the pressure relief valves installed on the exhaust pipes of each chamber can be opened when the pressure is greater than 0.1 MPa. When the pressure rises, the gas is preferentially discharged from the exhaust port 5 at the top of the reactor, and an activated carbon filter box (filled with 100 kg and replaced every six months) is installed outside the exhaust port to remove residual odor.

[0047] In practical use, the device of the present invention, such as Figure 4 As shown, the air supply methods include recirculated air supply (i.e., recirculated air inlet pipe 15) and air supply (air inlet pipe 14). When the oxygen concentration monitored at the recirculated air inlet is below 5%, the air pump is activated. When using the air pump, the ventilation parameters are: ventilation rate between the heating chamber and the high-temperature chamber is 0.36 L·kg⁻¹. -1 DM·min -1 The ventilation rate during the cooling and decomposition periods is 0.24 L·kg⁻¹. -1 DM·min -1 Intermittent operation (30 min on / 30 min off).

[0048] In actual use, the material stays in each compartment for 5 days. The heating compartment includes feeding on the first and fifth days, and the material moves to the next layer on the sixth day. The reaction time can be adjusted according to the actual situation.

[0049] Based on the above-described continuous feed ammonia reduction-nitrogen retention-accelerated composting reactor, the present invention also provides a composting method, which is as follows: The material to be processed is pretreated and then enters the heating chamber through the feed inlet. Two electrode plates 24 installed inside the heating chamber are activated to intermittently enhance the current. During the reaction, water vapor and ammonia are generated. Most of the ammonia is trapped by the ammonia barrier membrane 8 and activated carbon mesh 7, while a small amount of ammonia is discharged through the exhaust pipe 5 for subsequent processing. Because a glass cover 1 is installed on the top of the heating chamber, it can receive sunlight on sunny days to promote the heating of the material pile; when there is no sunlight, it is covered with insulating cotton.

[0050] During the reaction, each chamber generates a large amount of gas. The circulating pump 17 is intermittently activated to extract the gas from the chamber through the ammonia outlet pipe 12. The gas enters the dryer 16 to remove moisture, and then is introduced into each chamber through the circulating gas inlet pipe 15. Some of the gas is introduced to the lower part through the inlet gas guide pipe 26 to achieve vertical ventilation. The status of the reactor is monitored and recorded in real time by oxygen sensors and temperature and humidity sensors installed on the sensor interface 11. If the oxygen content is lower than the preset value, the air pump 18 is activated to introduce outside air into the chamber through the air inlet pipe 14.

[0051] After several days of continuous sampling, the partition plate 23 between each chamber is opened to transfer the material from the previous chamber to the next chamber. The material to be processed passes through the heating chamber, high temperature chamber, cooling chamber and composting chamber in sequence for fermentation treatment, and is then discharged from the outlet of the composting chamber.

[0052] The device structure and usage method of the present invention will be specifically described below through embodiments.

[0053] Example 1 This embodiment provides a continuous feed ammonia reduction-nitrogen retention-accelerated composting reactor. The structure of the device is as follows: Figures 1-6 As shown, it specifically includes: The reactor body, from top to bottom, consists of a glass cover 1 and a reaction chamber 3, which are fixed together with gaskets and screws to enhance their airtightness. The glass cover 1 contains a drainage plate 2, an exhaust pipe 5, and a water collection tank 6. During the composting reaction, water vapor condenses into liquid at the top of the glass cover and drips down, collecting in the water collection tank 6 via the drainage plate 2. This design effectively diverts moisture, preventing excessive moisture in the compost pile from affecting the composting process. The exhaust pipe 5 is the final channel for the treated gases to exit the reactor. The reaction chamber 3 includes a heating chamber, a high-temperature chamber, a cooling chamber, and a composting chamber. Each chamber has a door handle 4 for independent opening and closing. A support is installed at the top of the heating chamber, with an activated carbon mesh 7 on the upper layer and an ammonia barrier membrane 8 on the lower layer. The advantage of this design is that the ammonia barrier membrane 8 traps as much ammonia as possible within the chamber, allowing only water molecules and carbon dioxide to pass through. The activated carbon mesh 7 acts as a second barrier, adsorbing ammonia and further reducing the potential risk of ammonia escape.

[0054] Gas circulation system: Ammonia outlet pipe 12, air inlet pipe 14, and circulating gas inlet pipe 15 are arranged at the rear end of reaction chamber 3. Ammonia outlet 10 is located at the upper left corner of the rear side of each chamber. The ammonia gas and other mixed gases produced in each chamber are discharged through the ammonia outlet pipe 12 and finally introduced into the dryer 16. Its function is to remove moisture from the mixed gas and accelerate the composting process. The dried gas, after treatment, is pumped by the circulation pump 17 and then enters each composting chamber through the circulating gas inlet pipe 15. Its advantages include ammonia circulation, preventing overflow from the reactor and environmental pollution; the circulating gas contains oxygen for biological action; and for the heating chamber, the circulating gas contains high-temperature gases, which promote the activity of microorganisms in the fresh samples. When the sensor interface 11 in each chamber detects insufficient oxygen content in the compost pile, the air pump 18 can be activated to supplement additional oxygen. The ventilation rate of the heating / high-temperature chamber is 0.36 L·kg⁻¹. -1 DM·min -1 The ventilation rate of the cooling / fermentation chamber is 0.24 L·kg⁻¹. -1 DM·min -1Intermittent ventilation is provided, starting for 30 minutes and stopping for 30 minutes. If the intake air temperature is low in winter and interferes with biological processes, the heater 22 can be turned on to increase the intake air temperature. At the same time, both the circulation pump 17 and the air pump 18 are equipped with on / off valves 19 to manage the gas intake and output. Sensors 20 monitor changes in intake air temperature, humidity, oxygen, and other indicators. Flow meters 21 observe the intake air volume and are installed at the branch pipes of the intake ports of each compartment to adjust the intake air flow.

[0055] Other components: Each reaction zone is separated by detachable and movable partition plates 23. The partition plates have upper and lower layers and a hollow internal structure. They are fixed by being pushed to the end via grooves on both sides of the reactor body. In addition to their separating function, the partition plates have holes at the top to facilitate oxygen supply to the material below. The hollow partition plates also store leachate for unified collection and treatment. Electrode plates 24 are designed in the heating zone. The anode uses a titanium-plated ruthenium-iridium electrode, and the cathode uses a stainless steel conductive electrode plate. The operating current is 0.5-1 A / m. 2 Intermittent power supply for 2-4 hours per cycle, connected to DC power supply 25, has the advantage of promoting interspecies electron transfer among microorganisms in the heating zone through intermittent, low-current stimulation, thus accelerating the start-up of the composting system. Furthermore, considering that each reaction chamber receives air from the top interface, oxygen may have difficulty contacting the bottom material, an internal air guide pipe 26 is installed at the air inlet of each reaction chamber to guide the gas under the partition plate 23, supplying oxygen through round holes to contact the bottom material.

[0056] Example 2 This embodiment is based on the device structure of Embodiment 1. After pretreatment (such as dehydration and addition of auxiliary materials), organic solid waste (such as kitchen waste, livestock and poultry manure, etc.) can be directly introduced into the reaction chamber through the heating chamber to start composting. The specific process is as follows: Fresh samples are introduced into the reactor through the heating chamber. The electrode plate (24) is activated to start intermittent current enhancement. Water vapor and ammonia are generated during the reaction. Most of the ammonia is trapped by the ammonia barrier membrane (8) and activated carbon mesh (7), and a small amount is discharged through the exhaust pipe (5) and finally treated by the activated carbon filter box. Since the heating chamber is equipped with a glass cover, it can be exposed to sunlight on sunny days to promote the heating of the pile. When there is no sunlight, it is covered with heat insulation cotton. Samples are continuously injected every day until the fifth day, which means that the reaction chamber contains 1-5 days of mixed samples. At this time, the high temperature chamber, cooling chamber and composting chamber have also reacted for 5 days. On the sixth day, the fertilizer in the composting chamber is collected, the partitions of each chamber are opened, and the material in the previous chamber is transferred to the next chamber (Note: the partitions can be equipped with an automated device to realize the opening and closing of the partitions).

[0057] During the reaction, each chamber generates a large amount of gas. The circulating pump (17) is intermittently turned on to extract the gas, which enters the dryer (16) through the ammonia outlet pipe (12) to remove moisture. The dried gas is then introduced into each chamber through the circulating gas inlet pipe (15), and introduced into the lower part of each chamber through the gas guide branch pipe (26) to achieve vertical ventilation. The status of the stack is monitored and recorded by oxygen sensors and temperature and humidity sensors installed at the sensor (11) interface. If the oxygen content is lower than 5%, the air pump (18) can be started to introduce outside air. The ventilation rate for the heating / high temperature chamber is 0.36 L·kg. -1 DM·min -1 The ventilation rate of the cooling / fermentation chamber is 0.24 L·kg⁻¹. -1 DM·min -1 Intermittent ventilation (30 min on / 30 min off). If the oxygen content of a certain compartment is suitable as monitored by the corresponding sensor interface (11), the flow meter at the branch pipe connected to the air inlet pipe (14) can be adjusted to 0 to prevent air from entering. In order to meet the research needs, in addition to the pile body information obtained from the sensor interface (11) of each compartment, researchers can also use the sensor (20) and flow meter (21) set in the air inlet pipe to measure the air inlet pipe parameters. In the cold season, in order to prevent the low air inlet temperature from interfering with the composting system, the heater (22) can be started to raise the gas temperature.

[0058] Other matters: The turning process can be carried out manually by opening the doors of each chamber. When conditions permit, electric rakes can be installed in each reaction zone to achieve automatic turning. To ensure safety, pressure relief valves are installed at the gas outlet at the top of the reactor and at the branch pipes of the gas outlets of each reaction chamber. In case of abnormal conditions such as high reactor pressure, the gas can be discharged. Experimental operators need to check at any time to ensure safety.

[0059] The device employs a "four-zone segmented treatment + internal odor circulation + water / ammonia management + adaptive aeration control" model to achieve continuous feeding, zoned synergistic fermentation, and efficient nitrogen retention. The reactor integrates electrode-assisted microbial action, a circulating pump-driven gas recirculation, a selective membrane-based activated carbon unit for ammonia and odor reduction, and an aeration control system based on oxygen concentration feedback. While completing a fermentation cycle in approximately 20 days, it effectively reduces ammonia emissions and nitrogen loss, promotes maturation, and improves the quality of compost products, demonstrating significant engineering value for scalable applications.

[0060] The embodiments described above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the invention. Those skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Therefore, all technical solutions obtained through equivalent substitution or transformation fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A continuous feeding type ammonia-reducing, nitrogen-preserving, and composting- promoting reactor, characterized by, The application relates to a vertical columnar reaction bin (3) which is sequentially divided into a temperature-raising bin, a high-temperature bin, a temperature-lowering bin and a maturation bin from top to bottom by detachable partition plates (23) and is not connected with each other; a feeding and discharging mechanism, the temperature-raising bin is provided with a feeding port, the maturation bin is provided with a discharging port, and materials are sequentially pushed into fermentation among the bins by removing the partition plates (23); an aeration system which comprises air inlet pipes (14) respectively connected with each bin chamber to realize adaptive aeration of the bins; an ammonia and odor management unit which comprises an ammonia barrier film (8), an activated carbon screen (7) and a gas condensation and collection device which are sequentially arranged on the top of the reaction bin (3) from bottom to top and are respectively used for ammonia barrier, odor reduction and water vapor recovery; a circulating gas path, ammonia outlet ports (10) of the bin chambers are collected through ammonia outlet pipes (12), then pass through a dryer (16) and a circulating pump (17), and are returned to the bin chambers through a circulating gas inlet pipe (15) to realize circulation; a monitoring and control system which integrates temperature, humidity, oxygen and ammonia sensors and is combined with a control module to regulate and control aeration, circulation and safety pressure relief of the bin chambers; a safety pressure relief mechanism, each bin chamber is provided with a pressure relief valve (9), and the top of the gas condensation and collection device is provided with an exhaust pipe (5) to automatically exhaust gas under abnormal pressure. The partition plates (23) comprise an upper hole plate and a lower supporting plate with intervals, and the gap between the two plates is used for temporarily storing material leachate; in addition, the air inlet pipes (14) and the circulating gas inlet pipes (15) of the bins are respectively partially guided to the lower side of the upper hole plate through bin inner gas guide pipes (26) so that gas can fully contact with the materials in the bins. In the direction of gas flow, air pumps (18), on-off valves (19), sensors (20), flow meters (21) and heaters (22) are sequentially arranged on the air inlet pipes (14). The ammonia barrier film (8) and the activated carbon screen (7) completely cover the top cross section of the reaction bin (3); the gas condensation and collection device comprises a glass cover (1), a drainage plate (2) and an exhaust pipe (5); the glass cover (1) is invertedly arranged on the top of the reaction bin (3) and completely covers the ammonia barrier film (8) and the activated carbon screen (7), the inside of the glass cover (1) is provided with a downwardly-inclined drainage plate (2), and the drainage plate (2) is used for collecting water vapor in the composting reaction process into a water collecting groove (6) formed between the glass cover (1) and the drainage plate (2) in the form of drops through condensation of the top of the glass cover (1). The outer wall of the reaction bin (3) is provided with a 5cm heat insulation interlayer, the material is carbon steel, the interlayer is filled with rock wool or polyurethane, and the inner wall is coated with an anticorrosive layer. The height ratio of the temperature-raising bin, the high-temperature bin, the temperature-lowering bin and the maturation bin is 4:4:3:3, each bin is provided with a door handle (4) for opening and a plurality of sensor interfaces (11) for monitoring the state of the pile. The dryer (16) adopts water-absorbing resin or bentonite as filling materials for absorbing water vapor. The ammonia barrier film (8) adopts a three-layer composite ePTFE film, an activated carbon non-woven fabric composite film or a nanometer molecular film.

2. The continuous-feed, ammonia-reducing, nitrogen-conserving, composting- accelerating reactor of claim 1, wherein, The specific implementation is as follows.

3. The continuous-feed, ammonia-reducing, nitrogen-conserving, composting- accelerating reactor of claim 1, wherein, ​ 4. The continuous-feed, ammonia-reducing, nitrogen-conserving, composting- accelerating reactor of claim 1, wherein, ​ 5. The continuous-feed, ammonia-reducing, nitrogen-conserving, composting- accelerating reactor of claim 1, wherein, ​ 6. The continuous-feed, ammonia-reducing, nitrogen-conserving, composting- accelerating reactor of claim 1, wherein, Two electrode plates (24) connected with the direct current power supply (25) are further arranged in the heating bin, and the working current is 0.5-1 A / m 2 , and the power-on time is 2-4 h / time, for promoting the microbial metabolism and rapid heating.

7. The continuous-feed, ammonia-reducing, nitrogen-conserving, composting- accelerating reactor of claim 1, wherein, ​ 8. The continuous-feed, ammonia-reducing, nitrogen-conserving, composting- accelerating reactor of claim 1, wherein, ​ 9. The continuous-feed, ammonia-reducing, nitrogen-conserving, composting- accelerating reactor of claim 1, wherein, ​ 10. A composting method using the continuous feeding type ammonia-reducing, nitrogen-preserving, and composting-promoting heap reactor according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized by, ​ The material to be treated is pretreated and then enters the heating bin through the feeding port. Two electrode plates (24) set in the heating bin are started to begin intermittent current strengthening. Water vapor and ammonia are generated during the reaction process. Most of the ammonia is intercepted by the ammonia barrier film (8) and the activated carbon screen (7), and a small amount of ammonia is discharged through the exhaust pipe (5) for subsequent treatment. Because the upper part of the heating bin is provided with a glass cover (1), the material pile can be heated by sunlight on sunny days, and covered with thermal insulation cotton when there is no sunlight. During the reaction process, a large amount of gas is generated in each bin. The intermittent circulating pump (17) is started to extract the gas in the bin through the ammonia gas outlet pipe (12). The gas enters the dryer (16) to remove moisture, and then is input into each bin through the circulating gas inlet pipe (15). Part of it is introduced into the lower part through the gas guide branch pipe (26) to realize up and down ventilation. The state of the pile is monitored and recorded in real time by the oxygen sensor and the temperature and humidity sensor arranged at the sensor interface (11). If the oxygen content is lower than the preset value, the air pump (18) is started to introduce external air into the bin through the air inlet pipe (14). After continuous sampling for several days, the partition plate (23) between each bin is opened, and the material in the previous bin is transferred to the next bin. The material to be treated is sequentially subjected to fermentation treatment in the heating bin, the high-temperature bin, the cooling bin and the composting bin, and is discharged from the discharge port of the composting bin.

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