Precise nutrition regulation and control method for promoting intestinal development of elderly meat breeding chicks and application of precise nutrition regulation and control method

Abstract

The invention provides a precise nutrition regulation and control method for promoting intestinal development of young meat breeding chickens and application, belongs to the technical field of livestock and poultry breeding and production, and aims to solve the problem that hatching eggs laid by meat breeding chickens of 50 weeks old or above are insufficient in nutrition reserve, and L-methionine is injected through amniotic cavities when the meat breeding chickens are hatched to 17 embryonic ages. According to the method, the jejunum length, the jejunum weight and the ileum length (Plt: 0.05) of the 21-day-old offspring broiler chicken are remarkably increased, the expression of ileum proinflammatory factors (IL-8 and TNF-alpha) and apoptosis pathway genes (BAX, Caspase-3 and the like) is down-regulated, the expression of anti-apoptosis genes Bcl-2 is up-regulated, and the serum urea nitrogen level is reduced. Meanwhile, the daily average feed intake and the daily weight gain (Plt; 0.05) are improved. Through accurate intervention in the embryonic period, parent nutrition transfer limitation is broken through, the intestinal development and immune functions of offspring are improved, and an effective solution is provided for healthy breeding of offspring of elderly breeding hens.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application belongs to the field of livestock and poultry breeding and production, and particularly relates to a precise nutrition regulation method for promoting the intestinal development of high-age broiler breeders and application thereof. BACKGROUND

[0002] Stable production of commercial broilers is an important part of livestock and poultry breeding in China, and undertakes the heavy responsibility of meeting the high-quality animal protein supply of Chinese residents. In actual production, as the age of breeder hens increases, especially for high-age breeder hens (generally referring to 50 weeks of age or older), the quality of the eggs laid by the breeder hens decreases due to the decrease in nutrient reserves, which is manifested as limited embryonic development, imperfect intestinal development of offspring chicks, and weakened disease resistance. This will directly affect the intestinal nutrient absorption, immune and barrier function of offspring broilers, further induce intestinal inflammatory response, and increase the mortality rate in production. Traditional nutrition regulation mainly improves the intestinal health of chicks by optimizing the maternal diet or increasing additives in post-hatch chick feed, but due to the limitations of maternal metabolic decline and immature digestive system of chicks, the effect is limited. Embryo feeding technology has been applied to improve hatchability and growth performance of chicks since the early 1980s, and has become more mature, and attempts have been made to apply it in poultry large-scale production. Feeding exogenous active substances (such as probiotics, amino acids, and antioxidants) to embryos is beneficial to the direct absorption and utilization of embryos, thereby breaking through the barrier of maternal nutrition transmission, and is an important method and technical means for future poultry production and nutrition regulation.

[0003] Methionine is an essential sulfur-containing amino acid, which is mainly involved in protein synthesis, methylation and antioxidant processes in the body, and is crucial for the growth and development of chicken embryos. Due to the characteristics of avian embryonic development, the methionine in chicken embryos is completely determined when the breeder hen lays eggs. Therefore, as a limiting amino acid, whether the content of methionine is sufficient is directly related to the healthy development of chicken embryos. The present application aims to reveal the effect of embryo feeding of methionine on the intestinal development and anti-inflammatory capacity of broiler chicks in the later stage of egg production.

[0004] The present method realizes the "early programming" of intestinal structure and immune function by precise embryo feeding, targeting the particularity of offspring of high-age breeder hens, intervening in the key window period of embryonic development. This not only makes up for the nutritional deficiencies caused by maternal aging, but also provides a physiological basis for chicks to cope with environmental stress after hatching, and is expected to become a core innovative solution to improve the efficient supply of broiler industry chain. SUMMARY

[0005] In view of the problems in the background art, the present application provides a precise nutritional regulation method for promoting the intestinal development of high-age broiler chicks and application. Specifically, by injecting L-methionine (3.5 mg / egg) into the amniotic cavity of 17-embryonic-age chicken embryos, the empty stomach length, empty stomach weight and ileum length of 21-day-old broiler chickens are increased, the expression amounts of BAX, Caspase-3, TLR4, NF-κB, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α in the ileum are reduced, the expression amount of Bcl-2 is increased, and the levels of IL-1β, IL-8 and TNF-α in the ileum are reduced. The intestinal development and health are improved from the aspects of intestinal length, weight, inflammation and apoptosis, so as to improve the feed intake and daily gain. The feeding method is simple and mature, precise in supply, and has significant effect.

[0006] The technical scheme of the present application is as follows:

[0007] The precise nutritional regulation method for promoting the intestinal development of high-age broiler chicks injects L-methionine solution (concentration 7 mg / mL, dose 0.5 mL / egg, i.e. 3.5 mg / egg) into the amniotic cavity when the eggs are hatched to 17 embryonic ages.

[0008] In the above technical scheme, the L-methionine solution uses 0.75% physiological saline as a solvent.

[0009] In the above technical scheme, the high-age broiler chicken is a broiler chicken of 50 weeks of age or more.

[0010] In the above technical scheme, the injection significantly increases the empty stomach length, empty stomach weight and ileum length of 21-day-old broiler chickens (P<0.05).

[0011] In the above technical scheme, the injection significantly reduces the protein expression levels of IL-8 and TNF-α in the ileum of 21-day-old broiler chickens (P<0.05).

[0012] In the above technical scheme, the injection significantly down-regulates the mRNA expression amounts of BAX, Caspase-3, TLR4, NF-κB, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α in the ileum of 21-day-old broiler chickens (P<0.05), and up-regulates the mRNA expression amount of Bcl-2 (P<0.05).

[0013] In the above technical scheme, the injection significantly reduces the serum urea nitrogen level of 21-day-old broiler chickens (P<0.05).

[0014] In the above technical scheme, the injection significantly increases the average daily feed intake (ADFI) and daily gain (ADG) of broiler chickens (P<0.05).

[0015] In the above technical solution, the method is suitable for improving the intestinal development, anti-inflammatory capacity and protein synthesis efficiency of offspring of high-age breeders.

[0016] The application of L-methionine in the preparation of an embryonic egg feeding preparation for promoting the healthy development of the intestinal tract of offspring of high-age broiler breeders, which is used for amniotic cavity injection at 17 embryonic ages, with a dose of 3.5 mg per egg.

[0017] Beneficial effects:

[0018] 1. Precise intervention timing: Directly feeding methionine through the amniotic cavity during the key period of embryonic development (17 embryonic ages), breaking through the nutritional transmission barrier of high-age breeders.

[0019] 2. Optimization of intestinal structure: Significantly increasing the length of the jejunum (59.92 vs 53.92 cm), the weight of the jejunum (22.60 vs 19.77 g) and the length of the ileum (61.42 vs 51.50 cm), and promoting nutrient absorption.

[0020] 3. Anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic: Down-regulating pro-inflammatory factors (IL-8, TNF-α) and apoptosis genes (BAX, Caspase-3), up-regulating the anti-apoptotic gene Bcl-2, and enhancing the intestinal barrier function.

[0021] 4. Growth performance improvement: Daily feed intake increased by 8.9% (44.20 vs 40.58 g / d), and daily weight gain improved by 14.4% (40.38 vs 35.30 g / d).

[0022] 5. Metabolic efficiency improvement: Serum urea nitrogen decreased by 46.9% (0.17 vs 0.32 mmol / L), indicating a significant improvement in protein utilization. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0023] Figure 1 Effect of feeding methionine to chicken embryos on the mRNA relative expression of key genes in the apoptosis and inflammation pathways of the ileum of 21-day-old offspring chickens. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] The present application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific examples. However, the following examples are only intended to explain the present application, and the scope of protection of the present application should include all the content of the claims. Furthermore, through the description of the following examples, those skilled in the art can fully implement all the content of the claims of the present application.

[0025] EXAMPLE

[0026] Test treatment:

[0027] Table 1 Test grouping and treatment

[0028]

[0029] Test method:

[0030] A single factor experimental design was used. 360 fertile eggs of 50-week-old broiler breeders were randomly divided into 3 treatment groups, with 6 replicates per group and 20 eggs per replicate. The eggs were hatched within 5 days of collection using the same automatic hatching machine, set to "chicken" hatching mode. On the 8th and 16th day of incubation, the eggs were candled to remove unfertilized and dead embryo eggs, and the injection site was marked by light. The amniotic cavity injection test was performed on the 17th day of incubation, and the entire injection test took no more than two hours. The test was set up in 3 treatment groups: CON group (no injection); Nacl group (injection of 0.5 ml 0.75% Nacl); Met group (injection of 0.5 ml 7 mg / ml L-Met, i.e. 3.5 mg per egg, dissolved in 0.75% Nacl).

[0031] After the chicks hatched, the gender was identified by rectal examination, and 48 uniform broiler cockerels were randomly selected from each of the three treatments, with 6 replicates of 8 chicks each. The same broiler starter diet was fed during the trial period. The feeding trial period was 21 days, during which the chicks were allowed to eat and drink freely, and were provided with full-day light and appropriate temperature and humidity according to their age.

[0032] On the day of hatching, the chicks were weighed by replicate. At 21 days of age, the body weight and feed consumption of each replicate were recorded, and the average daily feed intake (ADFI), average daily gain (ADG), and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were calculated. At 21 days of age, 2 broiler cockerels with body weights close to the average weight of the replicate were selected from each replicate, weighed individually, and then slaughtered for sampling. Serum, ileum, body weight, and intestinal weight were collected, and the lengths of the various intestines (duodenum, jejunum, and ileum) were measured. The concentrations of total protein, albumin, urea nitrogen, uric acid, triglycerides, and total cholesterol in the serum were determined using commercial kits from Nanjing Jiancheng Biological Engineering Institute. The concentrations of interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β), interleukin 8 (IL-8), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) in the ileum were determined using Elisa kits.

[0033] The results are as follows:

[0034] Test result 1: Development of broiler chicken intestines

[0035] Table 2 Effect of egg methionine supplementation on the development of broiler chicken intestines at 21 days of age

[0036]

[0037] Note: Different letters in the same column indicate significant differences (P < 0.05).

[0038] Table 2 shows the intestinal development indicators of 21-day-old chickens. Compared with the CON group and the Nacl group, the body weight, jejunum length, jejunum weight and ileum length of the broiler chickens in the Met group were significantly increased (P < 0.05).

[0039] Experimental Result 2: Intestinal Pro-inflammatory Cytokines

[0040] Table 3 shows the effect of methionine supplementation in chicken embryos on the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the ileum of broiler chickens. Compared with the CON group and the Nacl group, the levels of IL-8 and TNF-α in the ileum of the Met group at 21 days of age were significantly lower than those in the control group (P < 0.05); while there was no significant difference in IL-1β levels among the groups.

[0041] Table 3. Effects of methionine administration in chicken embryos on the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the ileum of chicks.

[0042]

[0043] Note: Different letters in the superscript of data in the same column indicate significant differences (P < 0.05).

[0044] Experimental Result 3: Relative mRNA Expression Levels of Key Genes in Intestinal Apoptosis and Inflammation Pathways

[0045] The results of relative expression levels of key gene mRNAs in ileal apoptosis and inflammation pathways in chicks are shown in the figure. Figure 1 Compared with the CON group and Nacl group, the expression levels of BAX, Caspase-3, TLR4, NF-κB, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α in the ileum of the Met group at 21 days of age were significantly lower than those in the control group (P < 0.05), while the expression level of Bcl-2 was significantly higher than that in the control group (P < 0.05).

[0046] Experimental Result 4: Serum Biochemistry

[0047] The effects of methionine injection into embryonic eggs on serum biochemical parameters of 21-day-old chicks are shown in Table 4. Compared with the CON group and the Nacl group, the serum urea nitrogen level of 21-day-old chicks in the Met group was significantly lower (P < 0.05).

[0048] Table 4. Effects of methionine supplementation in chicken embryos on serum biochemical parameters of chicks.

[0049]

[0050] Note: Different letters above the headings for data in the same column (a, b, c) indicate significant differences (P < 0.05).

[0051] Experiment Result 5: Broiler Production Performance

[0052] 1-21 day-old production performance see Table 5. Compared with CON group and Nacl group, the average daily feed intake and daily gain of Met group 1-21 day-old broilers were significantly higher than the control group (P < 0.05).

[0053] Table 5 Effect of egg-methionine on average daily feed intake, average daily gain and feed gain ratio of broilers

[0054]

[0055] Note: The same column data with different letters indicate significant difference (P < 0.05).

[0056] Test conclusion:

[0057] By feeding L-methionine (3.5 mg / egg) to chicken embryos, the jejunum length, jejunum weight and ileum length of 21-day-old broilers were increased, the expression levels of BAX, Caspase-3, TLR4, NF-κB, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α in ileum were reduced, the expression level of Bcl-2 was increased, and the levels of IL-1β, IL-8 and TNF-α in ileum were reduced; the average daily feed intake of broilers was increased, protein synthesis was promoted to improve daily gain. That is, by promoting intestinal development, reducing intestinal inflammatory response and reducing intestinal cell apoptosis, the feed intake of broilers is increased, protein synthesis and growth are promoted.

[0058] The above description is only a specific implementation of the present application, which enables those skilled in the art to understand or implement the present application. Various modifications to these embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein can be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present application. Therefore, the present application will not be limited to these embodiments shown herein, but will conform to the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features applied herein.

Claims

1. A precise nutritional regulation method for promoting intestinal development in older broiler chicks, characterized in that, When the eggs are incubated to 17 embryonic age, L-methionine solution is injected into the amnion cavity at a concentration of 7 mg / mL and a dose of 3.5 mg / egg.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The L-methionine solution was prepared using 0.75% physiological saline as a solvent.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The term "senior broiler breeder" refers to broiler breeders that are 50 weeks or older.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Injection increases jejunal length, jejunal weight, and ileal length in 21-day-old broiler chickens.

5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Injection reduced the protein expression levels of IL-8 and TNF-α in the ileum of 21-day-old broiler chickens.

6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, After injection, the mRNA expression levels of BAX, Caspase-3, TLR4, NF-κB, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α in the ileum of 21-day-old broiler chickens were significantly downregulated, while the mRNA expression level of Bcl-2 was upregulated.

7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The injection reduced serum urea nitrogen levels in 21-day-old broiler chickens.

8. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Injection increases the average daily feed intake and daily weight gain of broiler chickens.

9. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method is applicable to improving intestinal development, anti-inflammatory ability, and protein synthesis efficiency in offspring of older breeder chickens.

10. The application of L-methionine in the preparation of an embryonic egg nutrition formulation that promotes healthy intestinal development in offspring of older broiler breeders, characterized in that, The formulation is used for intra-amniotic injection at 17-year embryonic age, at a dose of 3.5 mg / embryo.

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