Ternary ceramic aerogel with radiation refrigeration and heat insulation functions as well as preparation method and application of ternary ceramic aerogel

Abstract

The invention discloses a ternary ceramic aerogel with radiation refrigeration and heat insulation functions and a preparation method and application thereof.The ternary ceramic aerogel has the radiation refrigeration and heat insulation functions, has the extremely high solar reflectivity (98%) and infrared emissivity (98.4%), can achieve efficient daytime radiation cooling, has the extremely low heat conductivity coefficient (24.7 mW m <-1 > K <-1 >), and has the advantages of being high in heat conductivity coefficient (24.7 mW m <-1 > K <-1 >) and good in heat conductivity coefficient (24.7 mW m <-1 > K <-1 >). The material can provide an all-day thermal insulation effect, has excellent tensile strength, compression strength and bending strength, has no modulus attenuation after tens of thousands of cycles, can maintain cyclic compression strain in a temperature range of-198 DEG C to 1200 DEG C, has no mechanical strength loss, and has the characteristics of high temperature resistance and high mechanical strength; the system is suitable for meeting the temperature adjusting requirements of different scenes and harsh environments, and can be widely applied to the fields of buildings, vehicles or aerospace and the like.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application belongs to the technical field of ceramic materials, and particularly relates to a ternary ceramic aerogel with radiation refrigeration and heat insulation functions as well as a preparation method and application thereof. BACKGROUND

[0002] Temperature control of human living space or workplace consumes nearly half of the global energy. A considerable part of it is used for cooling in hot environments of vehicles and buildings, and heating in cold climates, and the production and use of such energy may cause various environmental problems. Therefore, it is a very urgent need for human beings to develop zero or low energy consumption temperature control methods. So far, passive radiation cooling and heat insulation have been widely used as an energy-saving temperature regulation solution.

[0003] Passive radiation cooling is achieved by reflecting incident solar radiation (0.3-2.5 μm) while emitting thermal infrared radiation through the atmospheric transparent window (8-13 μm) to outer space. It is particularly important in the cooling of aerospace equipment, because radiation is the only method of heat transfer to the environment. However, radiation refrigeration can cause overcooling, especially in cold environments. Aerogels have become one of the most concerned material families due to their unique ultra-low density, large specific surface area, and low thermal conductivity. Aerogels with radiation refrigeration performance can radiate and cool down during the day, and keep warm and heat-insulated throughout the day, thereby achieving nearly zero energy consumption of thermal management.

[0004] In the process of implementing the present application, the inventors found that at least the following problems exist in the prior art: organic aerogels have the advantages of low cost and flexibility, but cannot withstand long-term ultraviolet radiation and high temperature; while inorganic aerogels can withstand high temperature and have weather resistance, but have low mechanical strength. Therefore, it is necessary to simultaneously develop aerogels that can withstand high temperature and have high mechanical strength, which have great application prospects in the field of high-performance radiation refrigeration and heat insulation materials. SUMMARY

[0005] The technical problem to be solved by the present application is to provide a ternary ceramic aerogel with radiation refrigeration and heat insulation functions as well as a preparation method and application thereof, in view of the above-mentioned deficiencies of the prior art.

[0006] To solve the above technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the present application is as follows:

[0007] On the one hand, a preparation method of a ternary ceramic aerogel with radiation refrigeration and heat insulation functions is provided, comprising:

[0008] Silica sol, zirconium sol and hafnium sol are provided respectively;

[0009] The silica sol, zirconium sol and hafnium sol are mixed to obtain a precursor gel of the ternary ceramic aerogel;

[0010] The precursor gel of the ternary ceramic aerogel is electrospun and calcined to obtain a ternary ceramic aerogel with radiation refrigeration and heat insulation functions.

[0011] Further, the electrospinning is performed in an electrospinning device, and the electrospinning device comprises an inner cabin collector comprising a chamber cavity for collecting fibers.

[0012] In another aspect, a ternary ceramic aerogel with radiation refrigeration and heat insulation functions prepared by the above method is provided.

[0013] In another aspect, an application of the ternary ceramic aerogel with radiation refrigeration and heat insulation functions is provided.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the present application has the following advantages:

[0015] 1. The preparation method of the present application provides silicon sol, zirconium sol and hafnium sol respectively, mixes the silicon sol, zirconium sol and hafnium sol to obtain a precursor gel of a ternary ceramic aerogel, and electrospins and calcines the precursor gel of the ternary ceramic aerogel to obtain a ternary ceramic aerogel. -1 K -1 The ternary ceramic aerogel has extremely high solar reflectance (98%) and infrared emissivity (98.4%), can realize efficient daytime radiation cooling, has extremely low thermal conductivity (24.7 mW m

[0016] 2. Preferably, the preparation method of the present application comprises electrospinning in an improved electrospinning device, which is simple, low in cost and high in efficiency, and the obtained aerogel has the characteristics of large collection volume, low density and large fiber diameter.

[0017] 3. The ternary ceramic aerogel of the present application has radiation refrigeration and heat insulation functions, and can prevent fire and resist burning, and has a wide application scenario in the fields of building, vehicle or aerospace.

[0018] The technical solutions of the present application will be further described in detail below in combination with the drawings and examples. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0019] Figure 1 Fig. 1 is a structural schematic diagram of an electrospinning device of Example 1, Figure 1Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the receiving principle of the receiving device of the electrospinning device of Example 1. Figure 1 Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the receiving principle of the receiving device of the electrospinning device of Example 1.

[0020] Figure 2 Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the receiving principle of the receiving device of the electrospinning device of Example 1. Figure 2 Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the receiving principle of the receiving device of the electrospinning device of Example 1. Figure 2 Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the receiving principle of the receiving device of the electrospinning device of Example 1.

[0021] Figure 3 Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the receiving principle of the receiving device of the electrospinning device of Example 1.

[0022] Figure 4 Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the receiving principle of the receiving device of the electrospinning device of Example 1.

[0023] Figure 5 Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the receiving principle of the receiving device of the electrospinning device of Example 1.

[0024] Figure 6 Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the receiving principle of the receiving device of the electrospinning device of Example 1.

[0025] Figure 7 Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the receiving principle of the receiving device of the electrospinning device of Example 1. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] The technical solutions will be described clearly and completely below with reference to the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor fall within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0027] In the following description, the term “and / or” is used to describe the association relationship of the associated objects, which means that there can be three relationships, for example, A and / or B, which can represent the cases of A alone, B alone and A and B together. Wherein A and B can be singular or plural.

[0028] In the following description, the terms “include”, “contain”, “have” and “contain” and the like are all open terms, that is, they mean to include but not limited to.

[0029] Those skilled in the art shall understand that, in the following description of the embodiments of the present application, the order of the serial numbers does not mean the order of execution, and part or all of the steps can be executed in parallel or in sequence, and the execution order of each process shall be determined according to its function and inherent logic, and shall not constitute any limitation on the implementation process of the embodiments of the present application.

[0030] Those skilled in the art shall understand that the numerical range in the embodiments of the present application shall be understood as also specifically disclosing each intermediate value between the upper limit and the lower limit of the range. Each smaller range between any stated value or intermediate value in a stated range and any other stated value or intermediate value in the stated range is also included in the present application. The upper limit and the lower limit of these smaller ranges can be independently included or excluded from the range.

[0031] Unless otherwise specified, the technical / scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as generally understood by those skilled in the art to which the present application belongs. Although only preferred methods and materials are described herein, any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein can also be used in the implementation or testing of the present application. All documents mentioned in the specification are incorporated by reference to disclose and describe the methods and / or materials related to the documents. In the event of any conflict between the content of the specification and any incorporated document, the content of the specification shall prevail.

[0032] In one aspect, a preparation method of a ternary ceramic aerogel with radiation cooling and heat insulation functions is provided, comprising:

[0033] Silica sol, zirconium sol and hafnium sol are provided respectively;

[0034] The silica sol, zirconium sol and hafnium sol are mixed to obtain a precursor gel of a ternary ceramic aerogel;

[0035] The precursor gel of the ternary ceramic aerogel is subjected to electrospinning and calcination to obtain a ternary ceramic aerogel with radiation cooling and heat insulation functions.

[0036] The ternary ceramic aerogel prepared by the above method has an extremely high solar reflectivity of 98% and an ultrahigh infrared emissivity of 98.4%, can perform radiation cooling during the day, has an extremely low thermal conductivity (24.7 mW m -1 K -1 ), can perform 24-hour heat insulation, can stably operate in a wide temperature range of -198℃ to 1500℃, and exhibits excellent mechanical properties. The present application successfully prepares a high-performance radiation cooling and heat insulation aerogel material with high temperature resistance and high mechanical strength.

[0037] In some embodiments, the method for preparing the silica sol comprises mixing a silicon source, oxalic acid and a solvent in a molar ratio of 1:(0.01-0.02):(8-9); the silicon source comprises one or more of tetraethyl orthosilicate, tetraethoxysilane, methyltrimethoxysilane, dimethoxydimethylsilane, dimethyldiethoxysilane and trimethylchlorosilane; and the solvent comprises one or more of water, ethanol, N,N-dimethylformamide, tetrahydrofuran, acetone, methanol, toluene, xylene, chloroform, dichloromethane, N,N-dimethylacetamide, isopropanol and acetic acid.

[0038] In some embodiments, the method for preparing the zirconium sol comprises mixing a high molecular material and a zirconium source in a mass ratio of (0.05-0.2):1 to obtain the zirconium sol; the zirconium source comprises one or more of zirconium oxychloride octahydrate, zirconium acetate and carbonic acid dihydroxydioxygen zirconium; and the high molecular material comprises one or more of polyethylene oxide, polyvinyl alcohol, polyethylene glycol, polyacrylonitrile, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyurethane, polymethyl methacrylate, polylactic acid and polycarbonate. In some preferred embodiments, the zirconium source is zirconium acetate.

[0039] In some embodiments, the method for preparing the hafnium sol comprises mixing a hafnium source, a high molecular material and a solvent in a mass ratio of (0.1-0.3):(0.01-0.1):1 to obtain the hafnium sol; the hafnium source comprises one or more of hafnium tetrachloride, hafnium acetylacetone, hafnium sulfate, hafnium n-butyl alcohol, hafnium oxychloride octahydrate, hafnium nitrate, hafnium trifluoromethanesulfonate, dichlorobis hafnium and dipropyl hafnium dicyanide; the high molecular material comprises one or more of polyethylene oxide, polyvinyl alcohol, polyethylene glycol, polyacrylonitrile, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyurethane, polymethyl methacrylate, polylactic acid and polycarbonate; and the solvent comprises one or more of water, ethanol, N,N-dimethylformamide, tetrahydrofuran, acetone, methanol, toluene, xylene, chloroform, dichloromethane, N,N-dimethylacetamide, isopropanol and acetic acid.

[0040] In some embodiments, the method for preparing the silica sol, the method for preparing the zirconium sol and the method for preparing the hafnium sol all comprise stirring at 15-40℃; the stirring time in the method for preparing the silica sol and the method for preparing the zirconium sol is 6-12h, and the stirring time in the method for preparing the hafnium sol is 8-12h.

[0041] In some embodiments, the mass ratio of the silica sol, the zirconium sol and the hafnium sol in the precursor glue solution of the ternary ceramic aerogel obtained by mixing the silica sol, the zirconium sol and the hafnium sol is 1:(4-6):(4-6).

[0042] In some embodiments, the electrospinning voltage is 10-30 kV, the propelling speed is 1-15 ml / h, the humidity is 0-40%, and the temperature is 25-60°C.

[0043] In some embodiments, the electrospinning device used for electrospinning includes a liquid storage device, a needle for outputting droplets of the spinning solution, and an inner cabin collector for collecting fibers. The liquid storage device includes a spinning solution propelling device, a needle cylinder for containing the spinning solution, and a needle cylinder fixing frame for accommodating the needle cylinder. The spinning solution propelling device is arranged at the inlet of the needle cylinder, the needle is arranged at the outlet of the needle cylinder, and a high-voltage power supply is detachably connected to the needle. The needle is used for outputting droplets of the spinning solution, and the droplets of the spinning solution are drawn into fibers under the action of the high-voltage power supply connected to the needle. The fibers are collected in the inner cabin collector. The inner cabin collector includes a chamber for collecting fibers.

[0044] The chamber can be a chamber directly opposite the needle, and an opening for inserting the needle is formed on one side of the chamber. The chamber can also be a chamber surrounding the needle and surrounding or semi-surrounding the liquid storage device and reserving a fiber collection space. The volume of the reserved fiber collection space can be adjusted as needed. In one possible implementation, the volume of the reserved fiber collection space is the same as the volume of the space where the liquid storage device is located.

[0045] The chamber can be directly formed by the inner shell of the electrospinning machine or by surrounding an insulating material plate and / or a low-conductivity material plate.

[0046] In some embodiments, the electrospinning process includes grounding the inner cabin collector.

[0047] In some embodiments, the size of the chamber of the inner cabin collector is 0.6×0.6×1 m 3 ~2×2×2 m 3 .

[0048] In some embodiments, the material of the chamber is an insulating material and / or a low-conductivity metal. The insulating material includes polymethyl methacrylate, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride, polystyrene, polytetrafluoroethylene, polycarbonate, or polyimide. The low-conductivity metal includes aluminum or iron. In some embodiments, the material of the chamber is polytetrafluoroethylene and / or aluminum.

[0049] The inventors found in the research process that when the precursor glue liquid containing the ternary ceramic aerogel formed by mixing silica sol, zirconium sol and hafnium sol is subjected to the electrostatic spinning process, when a traditional electrostatic spinning device, i.e., a traditional cage-shaped collector is used, the obtained aerogel has a small volume and a high density, and when the precursor glue liquid of the ternary ceramic aerogel is subjected to the electrostatic spinning by using the electrostatic spinning device of the application containing the inner cabin collector, a large-diameter, large-volume and low-density aerogel can be prepared. By grounding the inner cabin collector, compared with the traditional cage-shaped collector or the plane collector, the inner cabin collector has a larger containing volume, a lower electric field and a lower tensile traction force between fibers, and is more conducive to obtaining large-diameter and high-mechanical-strength fibers randomly wound.

[0050] In some embodiments, the calcining comprises: increasing the temperature to 600-1400 DEG C at 1-5 DEG C / min under an air atmosphere and keeping for 0.5-2 h.

[0051] In another aspect, the application further provides a ternary ceramic aerogel HfO2-ZrO2-SiO2 with the functions of radiation refrigeration and heat insulation, which is prepared by using the above method.

[0052] In still another aspect, the application provides an application of the ternary ceramic aerogel with the functions of radiation refrigeration and heat insulation.

[0053] The application has undergone a series of experiments before the application, and now some test results are listed to further describe the application in detail, which is described in detail below in combination with the embodiments.

[0054] Embodiment 1

[0055] The embodiment provides an electrostatic spinning device, and a structure diagram is shown in a of Figure 1 The electrostatic spinning device comprises a needle cylinder 1 for containing a spinning solution, a needle cylinder fixing frame 2 for arranging the needle cylinder 1 and an inner cabin collector 5 for collecting fibers, a spinning solution propelling device 3 is arranged at an inlet of the needle cylinder 1, a needle head 4 is arranged at an outlet of the needle cylinder 1, the needle head 4 can be inserted into the inner cabin collector 5, and a high-voltage power supply is detachably connected to the needle head 4;

[0056] The inner cabin collector 5 comprises a chamber cavity for collecting fibers, the chamber cavity is surrounded by a polytetrafluoroethylene plate, an opening is formed in one side of the chamber cavity for inserting the needle head 4, and the size of the chamber cavity in the embodiment is 1x1x1.2 m 3The inner chamber collector described in this embodiment also includes a frame for housing the chamber. The frame is made of aluminum, and both the frame material and the chamber wall material are low-conductivity or insulating materials. During subsequent electrospinning, the inner chamber collector can be grounded to create an electric field between the high-voltage power supply and the entire zero-potential inner chamber collector. Under the action of the electric field, the droplets from the needle form fibers that continuously fill the entire inner chamber collector. Compared with traditional cage-like collectors or planar collectors, the grounded inner chamber collector has a larger capacity, a lower electric field, and lower tensile traction between fibers, which is more conducive to obtaining randomly wound large-diameter, high-mechanical-strength fibers.

[0057] This embodiment also provides a method for preparing ternary ceramic aerogels with both radiative cooling and thermal insulation functions using the above-mentioned electrospinning apparatus, including:

[0058] Step 1: Provide silica sol, zirconium sol, and hafnium sol separately, specifically including:

[0059] Step 101: Provide silica sol, specifically including: mixing tetraethyl silicate, oxalic acid, anhydrous ethanol and water in a molar ratio of 1:0.02:4:4, and magnetically stirring at room temperature for 8 hours to obtain silica sol;

[0060] Step 102: Providing zirconium sol, specifically including: dissolving polyethylene oxide in zirconium acetate at a mass ratio of 1:20, and magnetically stirring at room temperature for 8 hours to obtain zirconium sol; the polyethylene oxide has the structural formula (-CH2CH2O-). n Its molecular weight is 600,000;

[0061] Step 103: Provide hafnium sol, specifically including: dissolving hafnium chloride and polyethylene oxide in a mixed solvent at a mass ratio of 1:0.5:10, and magnetically stirring at room temperature for 10 hours to obtain hafnium sol; the mixed solvent is obtained by mixing anhydrous ethanol and water at a molar ratio of 1:1;

[0062] Step 2: Provide the precursor solution for ternary ceramic aerogel, specifically including: mixing the silica sol, zirconium sol and hafnium sol in a mass ratio of 1:5:5, and magnetically stirring at room temperature for 4 hours to obtain the precursor solution for ternary ceramic aerogel.

[0063] Step 3: Perform electrospinning, which specifically includes:

[0064] Step 301: Ground the inner chamber collector 5 of the electrospinning device to maintain zero potential, such as... Figure 1 As shown in a;

[0065] Step 302, the precursor solution of the ternary ceramic aerogel is loaded into the spinning solution propulsion device 3, the voltage is set to 20 kV, the droplet material is stretched into micron fiber material through the needle 4 at the outlet, and is randomly collected on the inner wall of the inner cabin collector 5, and the aerogel morphology is as shown in c of Figure 1; the needle type is 18G, the feeding speed of the precursor solution of the ternary ceramic aerogel is 10 mL / h, the environmental humidity is 25%, and the temperature is 28℃; Figure 1

[0066] Step four, the micron fiber material is placed in a muffle furnace, and is heated from room temperature to 900℃ at a heating rate of 5℃ / min in an air atmosphere, and is kept for 60 minutes, so as to obtain a ternary ceramic aerogel with radiation refrigeration and heat insulation functions.

[0067] Comparative Example 1

[0068] The comparative example is the same as Example 1, except that the collector used in the electrospinning of Step three is a traditional cage-shaped receiving device, and the receiving principle of the traditional cage-shaped receiving device is as shown in b of Figure 1, and the traditional cage-shaped receiving device is as shown in a of Figure 1. Figure 1 Figure 2 The ternary ceramic aerogel obtained in the comparative example has a morphology as shown in b of Figure 1, and the ternary ceramic aerogel obtained in Example 1 has a morphology as shown in c of Figure 1, and it can be seen that the ternary ceramic aerogel of Comparative Example 1 has a small volume and a high density, and the ternary ceramic aerogel of Example 1 has a loose structure, a large volume and a low density.

[0069] Comparative Example 2 Figure 2 Figure 2 The comparative example examines the influence of the precursor solution of the ternary ceramic aerogel on the performance of the product ternary ceramic aerogel, and the preparation method is the same as that of Example 1, except that the mass ratio of the silica sol, the zirconium sol and the hafnium sol is 1:8:8.

[0070] The ternary ceramic aerogel obtained in the comparative example has poor flexibility.

[0071] Comparative Example 3

[0072] The comparative example examines the influence of the calcination temperature on the performance of the product ceramic aerogel fabric, and the preparation method is the same as that of Example 1, except that the calcination temperature is 1500℃.

[0073] The micron fiber grain size obtained in the comparative example increases, and the ternary ceramic aerogel is easy to break.

[0074] Performance Evaluation

[0075]

[0076]

[0077] Figure 3 ​​​​​The diagram shows the SEM-EDS elemental characterization results of the ternary ceramic aerogel with both radiative cooling and thermal insulation functions in Example 1. As can be seen, the ternary ceramic aerogel of the present invention is composed of micron-sized fibers with a diameter of 0.5 to 1.5 μm, and the four elements Hf, Zr, Si and O are uniformly dispersed on the fiber surface.

[0078] Figure 4 This diagram illustrates the solar reflectance and infrared emissivity characterization test results of the ternary ceramic aerogel with both radiative cooling and thermal insulation functions in Example 1. Using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer with a standard diffuse reflectance white plate as a blank control, the reflectance of the ceramic aerogel was measured across the entire solar spectrum from 0.3 to 2.5 μm. Using an infrared spectrometer with a gold target as a blank control, the emissivity of the ceramic aerogel was measured in the 2.5 to 25 μm band using an integrating sphere. It can be seen that the ternary ceramic aerogel exhibits an extremely high solar reflectance of 98% and an ultra-high infrared emissivity of 98.4%. Figure 4 The PI-Ag used for comparison is electroplated pure silver polyimide purchased from Wagkin Electronics, with a coating thickness of 500nm.

[0079] Figure 5 This diagram illustrates the test results of the thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity of the ternary ceramic aerogel with both radiative cooling and thermal insulation functions in Example 1. The test method included using a thermal conductivity analyzer with a hot plate method to test the thermal conductivity of the ceramic aerogel at different temperature points ranging from -50℃ to 250℃. The test results show that the thermal conductivity of this ternary ceramic aerogel at room temperature is as low as 24.7 mW / m³. -1 K -1 It decreases to 20mW / m at -50℃. -1 K -1 The thermal diffusivity is as low as 10. -6 ℃ -1 .

[0080] Figure 6 The diagram shows the mechanical property test results of the ternary ceramic aerogel with both radiative cooling and thermal insulation functions in Example 1. The test method includes: testing the tensile, bending and compression properties through different modules of a tensile testing machine. The ceramic aerogel used for testing tensile and bending is a strip with a width of 1 cm, a length of 2 cm and a thickness of 0.5 cm. The ceramic aerogel used for testing compression is a circular sheet with a diameter of 1 cm and a thickness of 1 cm. Figure 6 Figure a is a schematic diagram of the tensile performance test results. It can be seen that the tensile stress of the ternary ceramic aerogel with both radiative cooling and thermal insulation functions of the present invention is 245 kPa. Figure 6 Figure b is a schematic diagram of the compression performance test results. It can be seen that the ternary ceramic aerogel of the present invention can be compressed to 90% strain, and the maximum compressive strength can reach 1.47 MPa. Figure 6The c is a bending performance test result schematic diagram, and it can be seen that the bending strength of the ternary ceramic aerogel can reach 182 kPa when the bending degree is 90%. Figure 6 The d is a tensile cycle performance test result schematic diagram, and it can be seen that the ternary ceramic aerogel of the application can recover to 81% after 1000 cycles under a 20% tensile strain cycle.

[0081] Figure 7 The ternary ceramic aerogel of Example 1 has both radiation cooling and heat insulation functions, and the extreme temperature performance test schematic diagram is shown. The 1200℃ butane torch flame is used to simulate extreme high temperature, and the-198℃ liquid nitrogen is used to simulate extreme low temperature. The ternary ceramic aerogel is placed in the above extreme working conditions, respectively, and is compressed by increasing the clamping pressure and recovered by reducing the clamping pressure. It can be seen that whether in the extreme high temperature condition or in the extreme low temperature condition, the morphology and mechanical properties of the ternary ceramic aerogel of the application can recover to the original state, and the ternary ceramic aerogel has the characteristics of compression recovery under extreme temperature conditions.

Claims

1. A method for preparing a ternary ceramic aerogel with both radiative cooling and thermal insulation functions, characterized in that, include: Silica sol, zirconium sol, and hafnium sol are provided respectively; The silica sol, zirconium sol and hafnium sol are mixed to obtain a precursor solution for ternary ceramic aerogel; The precursor liquid of the ternary ceramic aerogel is electrospinned and calcined to obtain a ternary ceramic aerogel with both radiative cooling and thermal insulation functions.

2. The preparation method of the ternary ceramic aerogel with both radiative cooling and thermal insulation functions according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method for preparing the silica sol includes: mixing a silicon source, oxalic acid, and a solvent in a molar ratio of 1:(0.01-0.02):(8-9); and / or, the method for preparing the zirconium sol includes: mixing a polymeric material with a zirconium source in a mass ratio of (0.05-0.2):1 to obtain a zirconium sol; and / or, the method for preparing the hafnium sol includes: mixing a hafnium source, a polymeric material, and a solvent in a mass ratio of (0.1-0.3):(0.01-0.1):1 to obtain a hafnium sol. The mixture of silica sol, zirconium sol, and hafnium sol to obtain a precursor solution for ternary ceramic aerogel has a mass ratio of silica sol, zirconium sol, and hafnium sol of 1:(4-6):(4-6); and / or the electrospinning voltage is 10-30 kV, the feed rate is 1-15 ml / h, the humidity is 0-40%, and the temperature is 25-60℃; and / or the calcination includes heating to 600-1400℃ at a rate of 1-5℃ / min in an air atmosphere and holding for 0.5-2 h.

3. The preparation method of the ternary ceramic aerogel with both radiative cooling and thermal insulation functions according to claim 2, characterized in that, In the preparation of the silica sol, the silicon source includes one or more of tetraethyl orthosilicate, tetraethoxysilane, methyltrimethoxysilane, dimethoxydimethylsilane, dimethyldiethoxysilane, and trimethylchlorosilane, and the solvent includes one or more of water, ethanol, N,N-dimethylformamide, tetrahydrofuran, acetone, methanol, toluene, xylene, chloroform, dichloromethane, N,N-dimethylacetamide, isopropanol, and acetic acid.

4. The preparation method of the ternary ceramic aerogel with both radiative cooling and thermal insulation functions according to claim 2, characterized in that, In the preparation of zirconium sol, the zirconium source includes one or more of zirconium oxychloride octahydrate, zirconium acetate, and zirconium dihydroxydioxane carbonate, and the polymer material includes one or more of polyethylene oxide, polyvinyl alcohol, polyethylene glycol, polyacrylonitrile, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyurethane, polymethyl methacrylate, polylactic acid, and polycarbonate.

5. The preparation method of the ternary ceramic aerogel with both radiative cooling and thermal insulation functions according to claim 2, characterized in that, In the preparation of the hafnium sol, the hafnium source includes one or more of hafnium tetrachloride, hafnium acetylacetonate, hafnium sulfate, hafnium n-butanol, hafnium oxychloride octahydrate, hafnium oxynitrate, hafnium trifluoromethanesulfonate, hafnium dichlorocerocene, and hafnium dichlorocerocene; the polymer material includes one or more of polyethylene oxide, polyvinyl alcohol, polyethylene glycol, polyacrylonitrile, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyurethane, polymethyl methacrylate, polylactic acid, and polycarbonate; and the solvent includes one or more of water, ethanol, N,N-dimethylformamide, tetrahydrofuran, acetone, methanol, toluene, xylene, chloroform, dichloromethane, N,N-dimethylacetamide, isopropanol, and acetic acid.

6. The preparation method of the ternary ceramic aerogel with both radiative cooling and thermal insulation functions according to claim 2, characterized in that, The electrospinning apparatus used in the electrospinning includes an inner chamber collector (5), which includes a chamber for collecting fibers.

7. The method for preparing ternary ceramic aerogel with both radiative cooling and thermal insulation functions according to claim 6, characterized in that, The electrospinning process includes grounding the inner chamber collector (5).

8. The method for preparing ternary ceramic aerogel with both radiative cooling and thermal insulation functions according to claim 6, characterized in that, The chamber dimensions of the internal collector (5) are 0.6 × 0.6 × 1 m. 3 ~2×2×2m 3 The chamber of the inner chamber collector (5) is made of insulating material or low-conductivity material, including polymethyl methacrylate, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride, polystyrene, polytetrafluoroethylene, polycarbonate, polyimide or low-conductivity metal.

9. A ternary ceramic aerogel with both radiative cooling and thermal insulation functions, prepared by the method described in claim 1.

10. An application of a ternary ceramic aerogel with both radiative cooling and thermal insulation functions as described in claim 9.

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