Method for preparing environment-friendly brick from waste incineration fly ash

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for preparing an environment-friendly brick from waste incineration fly ash, belongs to the technical field of waste incineration fly ash recycling and reusing, and aims to solve the problems that fly ash needs to be added as a raw material component for brick making, but the fly ash is often enriched with various heavy metal substances, so that the ecological environment and human health are harmed. According to the invention, the waste incineration fly ash is used as a core raw material and is matched with the components such as the cement, the rice hull ash, the ceramic waste and the silica fume, fly ash does not need to be added in the whole process, ecological and health risks caused by enrichment of heavy metals in the fly ash are avoided from the source, the rice hull ash and the ceramic waste are non-toxic wastes, and after the rice hull ash is subjected to refined treatment, the cost is low. Rich silicon dioxide can participate in cement hydration reaction, the interface structure of the brick body is optimized, the overall compactness is improved, the ceramic waste forms stable aggregate after being subjected to multi-stage crushing, brick body framework support is enhanced, shrinkage deformation is reduced, and the environment-friendly brick has excellent compressive strength and breaking strength through the synergistic effect of the silicon dioxide and the ceramic waste and other raw materials.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of waste incineration fly ash recycling, in particular to a method for preparing environment-friendly bricks by using waste incineration fly ash. BACKGROUND

[0002] Waste incineration fly ash is a fine particulate matter collected by the flue gas purification system during the municipal solid waste incineration process. It has complex composition, usually contains calcium, silicon, aluminum oxides, and harmful substances such as heavy metals (e.g. lead, cadmium, mercury, etc.) and dioxins. If not properly disposed of, it can cause environmental pollution. However, after detoxification by pretreatment, it can be used as a secondary resource, such as in the field of preparing environment-friendly bricks and other building materials, which can achieve "waste treatment with waste", reducing the landfill volume of fly ash and saving natural resources.

[0003] Chinese patent document CN116425508B discloses a method for preparing high-strength bricks by using waste incineration fly ash and aluminum ash, which includes the following steps: separately weighing waste incineration fly ash, aluminum ash and slag powder, mixing and stirring to obtain aluminum ash mixed ash slag, then mixing water and the aluminum ash mixed ash slag, adding to the cathode chamber of the electrolytic cell for electrolysis, leading out the slurry from the cathode chamber, and solid-liquid separation to obtain an electrically excited gel as the solid part, and a phosphoric acid aqueous solution adsorbed with the cathode chamber gas as a phosphorus activator, solving the problem of waste incineration fly ash recycling.

[0004] However, in the existing brick making method, fly ash needs to be added as a raw material component. However, fly ash often contains a variety of heavy metal substances, which can be released into the environment through rainwater washing, soil penetration and other ways during the use of the brick body, not only polluting the soil and water, but also entering the human body through the food chain, endangering the ecological environment and human health, and also difficult to meet the requirements of non-toxicity for environment-friendly building materials.

[0005] Therefore, in order to solve such problems, we propose a method for preparing environment-friendly bricks by using waste incineration fly ash. SUMMARY

[0006] The purpose of the present application is to provide a method for preparing environment-friendly bricks by using waste incineration fly ash, which aims to solve the problem that adding fly ash as a raw material component in brick making often contains a variety of heavy metal substances, which endangers the ecological environment and human health.

[0007] In order to achieve the above purpose, the present application provides the following technical scheme: a method for preparing environment-friendly bricks by using waste incineration fly ash, comprising the following implementation steps:

[0008] S1: Raw material preparation. Prepare the following raw materials by weight percentage: 10%-20% fly ash from waste incineration; 25%-35% cement; 5%-15% rice husk ash; 10%-25% ceramic waste; 3%-8% silica fume; 0.3%-0.6% water-reducing agent; 20%-28% water.

[0009] S2: Mixing and stirring. Add the prepared waste incineration fly ash, cement, rice husk ash, ceramic waste, and silica fume to the mixing equipment in sequence for initial dry mixing. Control the mixing speed at 80 rpm and the mixing time for 3-5 minutes. After mixing is complete, add water-reducing agent and water, and continue mixing. Adjust the mixing speed to 200-300 rpm and the mixing time for 8-12 minutes until a uniform mixture is formed.

[0010] S3: Molding process. Transfer the mixed raw material to the brick forming machine. Select the appropriate mold according to the required specifications of the environmentally friendly bricks. Press and form the bricks under a pressure of 15-25MPa. The holding time is 1-2 minutes. After pressing, take out the brick blanks and place them on a flat pallet.

[0011] S4: Curing treatment. The pallet with the brick blank is moved to the curing environment. The temperature of the curing environment is controlled at 20-25℃ and the relative humidity is 90%-95%. The curing time is 7-14 days, and finally environmentally friendly bricks are produced.

[0012] Furthermore, during the raw material preparation in S1, the preparation of waste incineration fly ash includes the following implementation steps;

[0013] The fly ash from the waste incineration is evenly poured into a vibrating screen equipped with a 2mm aperture screen. The feeding speed is controlled at 50-80kg / h, and the vibration frequency is adjusted to 30-50Hz. Through vibration screening, fly ash with a particle size of less than 2mm falls through the screen into the receiving container.

[0014] The screened fly ash is fed into a ball mill, with the feed rate controlled at 100-150 kg / h and the ball mill speed set at 200-300 rpm for grinding. The particle size of the ground fly ash is controlled to be less than 75 μm.

[0015] Furthermore, in the preparation of raw materials in S1, the cement is ordinary Portland cement with a strength grade of 42.5.

[0016] Furthermore, in the raw material preparation in S1, the preparation of rice husk ash includes the following implementation steps;

[0017] Select rice husks that are free of mold and impurities, rinse them 2-3 times with clean water to remove the dirt and dust attached to the surface, and then dry the washed rice husks in a drying equipment at 60-80℃ until the moisture content is less than 10%.

[0018] The pretreated rice husks are placed into the incinerator, the furnace door is closed, and the furnace temperature is kept stable at 600°C for incineration, which lasts for 2 hours.

[0019] After the incineration is completed, the heating device of the incinerator is turned off. When the temperature inside the furnace naturally drops below 100°C, the furnace door is opened and the rice husk ash is taken out and transferred to a dry cooling tray to continue cooling to room temperature.

[0020] The cooled rice husk ash is placed into a ball mill and ground at a speed of 300-400 rpm, with the particle size controlled at 45-75 μm.

[0021] Furthermore, in the raw material preparation in S1, the ceramic waste preparation includes the following implementation steps;

[0022] The ceramic waste is fed into the jaw crusher in batches, and the amount of each feed is controlled not to exceed 80% of the rated capacity of the equipment. The crusher is started for coarse crushing. During the coarse crushing process, the discharge situation is observed to ensure that the particle size of the crushed material is controlled within the range of 20-30mm. If large pieces of material are not completely crushed, the machine is stopped in time for cleaning and the jaw plate gap is adjusted.

[0023] The coarsely crushed ceramic waste is fed into an impact crusher, and the feeding speed is controlled at 100-150 kg / h. The equipment is started for medium crushing, and the particle size of the material after medium crushing should be controlled at 5-10 mm.

[0024] The crushed ceramic waste is fed into an impact crusher, with the impeller speed set at 1500-1800 rpm for fine crushing to reduce the particle size to less than 5 mm.

[0025] Furthermore, during the raw material preparation in S1, the specific surface area of ​​the silica fume is 15000 m² / kg.

[0026] Furthermore, during the curing process in S4, steam curing is employed, with a steam pressure of 0.8 MPa, a heating rate of 15°C / hour, and a cooling rate of 10°C / hour.

[0027] Furthermore, during the forming process in S3, the forming mold used is a steel mold, and the dimensional accuracy of the mold is controlled within ±0.3mm.

[0028] Furthermore, the pressing method of the brick blank forming machine in S3 is static pressure pressing, and the pressure fluctuation range during the pressing process does not exceed ±1MPa.

[0029] Furthermore, the water-reducing agent is a polycarboxylate-based high-performance water-reducing agent.

[0030] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0031] 1. This invention proposes a method for preparing environmentally friendly bricks using waste incineration fly ash. Using waste incineration fly ash as the core raw material, it is combined with cement, rice husk ash, ceramic waste, silica fume, and other components. No fly ash is added throughout the process, thus avoiding the ecological and health risks associated with heavy metal accumulation in fly ash. Both rice husk ash and ceramic waste are non-toxic. After refined processing, the silica in the rice husk ash participates in the cement hydration reaction, optimizing the brick's interface structure and improving overall density. The ceramic waste, after multi-stage crushing, forms stable aggregate, strengthening the brick's skeletal support and reducing shrinkage deformation. The synergistic effect of these two materials with other raw materials results in environmentally friendly bricks with excellent compressive and flexural strength, as well as low water absorption. Furthermore, the product exhibits no cracks or peeling after 25 freeze-thaw cycles, retaining over 92% of its compressive strength. It also demonstrates excellent water resistance and anti-carbonization properties. This method achieves both resource utilization of waste incineration fly ash and the production of high-performance environmentally friendly building materials, balancing environmental protection and practical value.

[0032] 2. This invention proposes a method for preparing environmentally friendly bricks using waste incineration fly ash. In the raw material processing stage, the waste incineration fly ash undergoes vibration screening and ball milling to control particle size, ensuring impurity removal and reactivity. Rice husk ash is washed, dried, incinerated, and ground to ensure purity and fineness. Ceramic waste undergoes three-stage crushing to refine particle size and improve dispersion uniformity. The mixing and stirring adopts a gradient speed mode of "dry mixing followed by wet mixing" to ensure full material integration. In the molding and curing stages, precise control of parameters such as pressure, temperature, and humidity promotes stable brick strength formation. The addition of ash and ceramic waste, two non-toxic waste materials, not only reduces the dependence on natural resources, but also improves the microstructure of the brick through the synergistic effect of physical filling and chemical reaction. This results in a product with a water absorption rate as low as 5.5% to 6.2% after 28 days, a softening coefficient of 0.88 to 0.92, a carbonization depth of only 2.8 to 3.5 mm, and a compressive strength loss rate controlled at 6.5% to 8.5%. This truly achieves "waste treatment with waste" and provides an effective path for the safe disposal and high-value utilization of fly ash from waste incineration, with good economic and social benefits. Detailed Implementation

[0033] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0034] To address the issue that fly ash is required as a raw material in brick making, but fly ash often contains a variety of heavy metals that can harm the ecological environment and human health, the following preferred technical solutions are provided.

[0035] Example 1:

[0036] This embodiment provides a method for preparing environmentally friendly bricks using fly ash from waste incineration, specifically:

[0037] 1. Raw material preparation

[0038] Prepare raw materials by weight percentage: 10% fly ash from waste incineration, 25% cement, 5% rice husk ash, 10% ceramic waste, 3% silica fume, 0.3% water-reducing agent, and 20% water.

[0039] Waste incineration fly ash treatment: Pour the fly ash into a vibrating screen equipped with a 2mm aperture screen, control the feeding speed at 50kg / h and the vibration frequency at 30Hz, and screen out fly ash with a particle size of less than 2mm; send the screened fly ash into a ball mill with a feeding rate of 100kg / h and a rotation speed of 200 rpm, and grind it to a particle size of less than 75μm.

[0040] The cement used is ordinary Portland cement with a strength grade of 42.5.

[0041] Rice husk ash treatment: Select rice husks that are free from mold and impurities, rinse them twice with clean water, and dry them in a 60℃ drying equipment until the moisture content is less than 10%; put the rice husks into an incinerator and burn them at 600℃ for 2 hours. After the furnace temperature drops to below 100℃, take them out and let them cool at room temperature. Then grind them in a ball mill at 300 rpm to a particle size of 45-75μm.

[0042] Ceramic waste treatment: Ceramic waste is fed into a jaw crusher in batches (the single feed amount does not exceed 80% of the rated capacity of the equipment) for coarse crushing to a particle size of 20-30mm; then fed into an impact crusher with a feed speed of 100kg / h for medium crushing to a particle size of 5-10mm; and finally fed into an impact sand making machine with an impeller speed of 1500 rpm for fine crushing to a particle size of less than 5mm.

[0043] The silica fume has a specific surface area of ​​15,000 m² / kg, and the water-reducing agent is a polycarboxylate-based high-performance water-reducing agent.

[0044] 2. Mix and stir

[0045] Add the prepared waste incineration fly ash, cement, rice husk ash, ceramic waste, and silica fume to the mixing equipment in sequence, and initially dry mix at a speed of 80 rpm for 3 minutes; then add water-reducing agent and water, adjust the mixing speed to 200 rpm, and continue mixing for 8 minutes to form a uniform mixture.

[0046] 3. Molding process

[0047] The mixture is transferred to the brick forming machine. A steel mold with a dimensional accuracy of ±0.3mm is selected, and the mixture is statically pressed at 15MPa for 1 minute. After pressing, the brick blank is removed and placed on a flat pallet.

[0048] 4. Maintenance and treatment

[0049] The pallet containing the brick blank is moved to the curing environment and steam curing is carried out. The steam pressure is 0.8MPa, the heating rate is 15℃ / hour, the cooling rate is 10℃ / hour, the ambient temperature is controlled at 20℃ and the relative humidity is 90%, and the curing is carried out for 7 days to produce environmentally friendly bricks.

[0050] Example 2:

[0051] This embodiment provides a method for preparing environmentally friendly bricks using fly ash from waste incineration, specifically:

[0052] 1. Raw material preparation

[0053] Prepare raw materials by weight percentage: 15% fly ash from waste incineration, 30% cement, 10% rice husk ash, 17% ceramic waste, 5% silica fume, 0.5% water-reducing agent, and 22.5% water.

[0054] Waste incineration fly ash treatment: Pour the fly ash into a vibrating screen equipped with a 2mm aperture screen, control the feeding speed at 65kg / h and the vibration frequency at 40Hz, and screen out fly ash with a particle size of less than 2mm; send the screened fly ash into a ball mill with a feeding rate of 125kg / h and a rotation speed of 250 rpm, and grind it to a particle size of less than 75μm.

[0055] The cement used is ordinary Portland cement with a strength grade of 42.5.

[0056] Rice husk ash treatment: Select rice husks that are free from mold and impurities, rinse them three times with clean water, and dry them in a 70℃ drying equipment until the moisture content is less than 10%; put the rice husks into an incinerator and burn them at 600℃ for 2 hours. After the furnace temperature drops to below 100℃, take them out and let them cool at room temperature. Then grind them in a ball mill at 350 rpm to a particle size of 45-75μm.

[0057] Ceramic waste treatment: Ceramic waste is fed into a jaw crusher in batches (the single feed amount does not exceed 80% of the rated capacity of the equipment) for coarse crushing to a particle size of 20-30mm; then fed into an impact crusher with a feed speed of 125kg / h for medium crushing to a particle size of 5-10mm; and finally fed into an impact sand making machine with an impeller speed of 1650 rpm for fine crushing to a particle size of less than 5mm.

[0058] The silica fume has a specific surface area of ​​15,000 m² / kg, and the water-reducing agent is a polycarboxylate-based high-performance water-reducing agent.

[0059] 2. Mix and stir

[0060] Add the prepared waste incineration fly ash, cement, rice husk ash, ceramic waste, and silica fume to the mixing equipment in sequence, and initially dry mix at a speed of 80 rpm for 4 minutes; then add water-reducing agent and water, adjust the mixing speed to 250 rpm, and continue mixing for 10 minutes to form a uniform mixture.

[0061] 3. Molding process

[0062] The mixture is transferred to the brick forming machine. A steel mold with a dimensional accuracy of ±0.3mm is selected, and the mixture is statically pressed under a pressure of 20MPa for 1.5 minutes. After pressing, the brick blank is removed and placed on a flat pallet.

[0063] 4. Maintenance and treatment

[0064] The pallet containing the brick blanks is moved to the curing environment and steam curing is carried out. The steam pressure is 0.8MPa, the heating rate is 15℃ / hour, the cooling rate is 10℃ / hour, the ambient temperature is controlled at 22℃ and the relative humidity is 92%, and the curing is carried out for 10 days to produce environmentally friendly bricks.

[0065] Example 3:

[0066] This embodiment provides a method for preparing environmentally friendly bricks using fly ash from waste incineration, specifically:

[0067] 1. Raw material preparation

[0068] Prepare raw materials by weight percentage: 20% fly ash from waste incineration, 35% cement, 15% rice husk ash, 25% ceramic waste, 8% silica fume, 0.6% water-reducing agent, and 28% water.

[0069] Waste incineration fly ash treatment: Pour the fly ash into a vibrating screen equipped with a 2mm aperture screen, control the feeding speed at 80kg / h and the vibration frequency at 50Hz, and screen out fly ash with a particle size of less than 2mm; send the screened fly ash into a ball mill with a feeding rate of 150kg / h and a rotation speed of 300 rpm, and grind it to a particle size of less than 75μm.

[0070] The cement used is ordinary Portland cement with a strength grade of 42.5.

[0071] Rice husk ash treatment: Select rice husks that are free from mold and impurities, rinse them twice with clean water, and dry them in an 80℃ drying equipment until the moisture content is less than 10%; put the rice husks into an incinerator and burn them at 600℃ for 2 hours. After the furnace temperature drops to below 100℃, take them out and let them cool at room temperature. Then grind them in a ball mill at 400 rpm to a particle size of 45-75μm.

[0072] Ceramic waste treatment: Ceramic waste is fed into a jaw crusher in batches (the single feed amount does not exceed 80% of the rated capacity of the equipment) for coarse crushing to a particle size of 20-30mm; then fed into an impact crusher with a feed speed of 150kg / h for medium crushing to a particle size of 5-10mm; and finally fed into an impact sand making machine with an impeller speed of 1800 rpm for fine crushing to a particle size of less than 5mm.

[0073] The silica fume has a specific surface area of ​​15,000 m² / kg, and the water-reducing agent is a polycarboxylate-based high-performance water-reducing agent.

[0074] 2. Mix and stir

[0075] Add the prepared waste incineration fly ash, cement, rice husk ash, ceramic waste, and silica fume to the mixing equipment in sequence, and initially dry mix at a speed of 80 rpm for 5 minutes; then add water-reducing agent and water, adjust the mixing speed to 300 rpm, and continue mixing for 12 minutes to form a uniform mixture.

[0076] 3. Molding process

[0077] The mixture is transferred to the brick forming machine. A steel mold with a dimensional accuracy of ±0.3mm is selected, and the mixture is statically pressed under a pressure of 25MPa for 2 minutes. After pressing, the brick blank is taken out and placed on a flat pallet.

[0078] 4. Maintenance and treatment

[0079] The pallet containing the brick blank is moved to the curing environment and steam curing is carried out. The steam pressure is 0.8MPa, the heating rate is 15℃ / hour, the cooling rate is 10℃ / hour, the ambient temperature is controlled at 25℃ and the relative humidity is 95%, and the curing is carried out for 14 days to produce environmentally friendly bricks.

[0080] Comparative Example 1:

[0081] The technical solution of Example 2 is adopted, the difference being that the addition of rice husk ash is omitted in the raw material preparation step.

[0082] Comparative Example 2:

[0083] The technical solution of Embodiment 2 is adopted, the difference being that the addition of ceramic waste is omitted in the raw material preparation step.

[0084] Environmentally friendly bricks were prepared using the technical solutions of Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-2. The compressive strength, flexural strength, and water absorption of the environmentally friendly bricks prepared in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-2 were tested. Simultaneously, the environmentally friendly bricks prepared in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-2 were frozen at -20℃ for 24 hours, and then immersed in 20℃ water for 24 hours, constituting one freeze-thaw cycle. This process was repeated 25 times. Afterward, the presence of cracks or peeling was observed in each environmentally friendly brick, and the residual compressive strength was tested. The specific test results are shown in the table below.

[0085] Test item Example 1 Example 2 Example 3 Comparative Example 1 Comparative Example 2 Compressive strength (MPa) 22.5 25.3 27.8 16.2 18.5 Flexural strength (MPa) 4.2 4.8 5.3 2.8 3.2 Water absorption (%) 8.5 7.2 6.8 12.3 10.5 Appearance after 25 freeze-thaw cycles No cracks, no peeling No cracks, no peeling No cracks, no peeling Obvious cracks Partial peeling Compressive strength residual rate (%) after 25 freeze-thaw cycles 92.3 94.5 95.8 72.1 78.3

[0086] Furthermore, the environmentally friendly bricks prepared in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-2 were subjected to water resistance tests. Referring to the "Test Methods for Masonry Bricks" (GB / T2542-2012), the environmentally friendly bricks were soaked in distilled water for 28 days, and the water absorption rate (ratio of water-absorbed mass to dry mass) and softening coefficient (ratio of compressive strength in saturated state to compressive strength in dry state) were measured. A higher softening coefficient indicates better water resistance. The specific test results are shown in the table below:

[0087] Water resistance Example 1 Example 2 Example 3 Comparative Example 1 Comparative Example 2 28-day water absorption (%) 6.2 5.8 5.5 9.8 8.7 28-day softening coefficient 0.88 0.90 0.92 0.72 0.76

[0088] Furthermore, the environmentally friendly bricks prepared in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-2 were subjected to carbonation performance testing. Referring to the "Standard for Test Methods of Long-Term Performance and Durability of Ordinary Concrete" (GB / T50082-2009), the environmentally friendly bricks were placed in a carbonation chamber with a CO2 concentration of 20±3%, a relative humidity of 70±5%, and a temperature of 20±2℃. After 28 days, the carbonation depth and compressive strength loss rate were measured. Lower values ​​indicate stronger carbonation resistance. Specific test results are shown in the table below:

[0089] Carbonation performance Example 1 Example 2 Example 3 Comparative Example 1 Comparative Example 2 Carbonation depth after 28 days (mm) 3.5 3.2 2.8 6.8 5.9 Compressive strength loss rate (%) after 28 days of carbonation 8.5 7.2 6.5 18.3 15.6

[0090] As can be seen, the method for preparing environmentally friendly bricks using waste incineration fly ash in Examples 1-3 selects waste incineration fly ash, cement, rice husk ash, ceramic waste, and silica fume as raw materials in the raw material preparation step. The waste incineration fly ash undergoes vibration screening and ball mill grinding, effectively removing impurities and controlling particle size, allowing it to better participate in subsequent reactions. The rice husk ash undergoes washing, drying, incineration, and grinding to ensure its purity and fineness, enhancing the performance of the bricks. The ceramic waste undergoes coarse crushing with a jaw crusher, medium crushing with an impact crusher, and fine crushing with an impact sand making machine, gradually reducing its particle size and improving its dispersibility in the mixture. In the mixing step, the solid raw materials are first initially dry-mixed, then water-reducing agent and water are added and stirred at high speed to ensure uniform mixing, which is beneficial for the synergistic effect of each component. In the molding process, suitable steel molds and static pressure are used to maintain pressure under certain conditions, ensuring the density and dimensional accuracy of the brick blank. Steam curing is used to control temperature, humidity, pressure, and heating / cooling rates, promoting the formation and growth of brick strength. The aforementioned technologies work together synergistically to produce environmentally friendly bricks using raw materials such as waste incineration fly ash, eliminating the need for added fly ash and avoiding the hazards caused by heavy metals in fly ash. At the same time, through reasonable raw material processing and preparation processes, the resulting environmentally friendly bricks have high compressive strength, flexural strength, low water absorption, good freeze-thaw resistance, water resistance, and carbonization resistance, meeting the requirements of environmentally friendly building materials. This achieves the recycling and reuse of waste incineration fly ash, reducing pollution and saving resources.

[0091] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.

[0092] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A method for preparing environmentally friendly bricks using fly ash from waste incineration, characterized in that, The implementation steps include the following: S1: Raw material preparation. Prepare the following raw materials by weight percentage: 10%-20% fly ash from waste incineration; 25%-35% cement; 5%-15% rice husk ash; 10%-25% ceramic waste; 3%-8% silica fume; 0.3%-0.6% water-reducing agent; 20%-28% water. S2: Mixing and stirring. Add the prepared waste incineration fly ash, cement, rice husk ash, ceramic waste, and silica fume to the mixing equipment in sequence for initial dry mixing. Control the mixing speed at 80 rpm and the mixing time for 3-5 minutes. After mixing is complete, add water-reducing agent and water, and continue mixing. Adjust the mixing speed to 200-300 rpm and the mixing time for 8-12 minutes until a uniform mixture is formed. S3: Molding process. Transfer the mixed raw material to the brick forming machine. Select the appropriate mold according to the required specifications of the environmentally friendly bricks. Press and form the bricks under a pressure of 15-25MPa. The holding time is 1-2 minutes. After pressing, take out the brick blanks and place them on a flat pallet. S4: Curing treatment. The pallet with the brick blank is moved to the curing environment. The temperature of the curing environment is controlled at 20-25℃ and the relative humidity is 90%-95%. The curing time is 7-14 days, and finally environmentally friendly bricks are produced.

2. The method for preparing environmentally friendly bricks using fly ash from waste incineration according to claim 1, characterized in that: When preparing raw materials in S1, the preparation of fly ash from waste incineration includes the following steps; The fly ash from the waste incineration is evenly poured into a vibrating screen equipped with a 2mm aperture screen. The feeding speed is controlled at 50-80kg / h, and the vibration frequency is adjusted to 30-50Hz. Through vibration screening, fly ash with a particle size of less than 2mm falls through the screen into the receiving container. The screened fly ash is fed into a ball mill, with the feed rate controlled at 100-150 kg / h and the ball mill speed set at 200-300 rpm for grinding. The particle size of the ground fly ash is controlled to be less than 75 μm.

3. The method for preparing environmentally friendly bricks using fly ash from waste incineration according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the preparation of raw materials in S1, the cement is ordinary Portland cement with a strength grade of 42.

5.

4. The method for preparing environmentally friendly bricks using fly ash from waste incineration according to claim 1, characterized in that: When preparing raw materials in S1, the preparation of rice husk ash includes the following steps; Select rice husks that are free of mold and impurities, rinse them 2-3 times with clean water to remove the dirt and dust attached to the surface, and then dry the washed rice husks in a drying equipment at 60-80℃ until the moisture content is less than 10%. The pretreated rice husks are placed into the incinerator, the furnace door is closed, and the furnace temperature is kept stable at 600°C for incineration, which lasts for 2 hours. After the incineration is completed, the heating device of the incinerator is turned off. When the temperature inside the furnace naturally drops below 100°C, the furnace door is opened and the rice husk ash is taken out and transferred to a dry cooling tray to continue cooling to room temperature. The cooled rice husk ash is placed into a ball mill and ground at a speed of 300-400 rpm, with the particle size controlled at 45-75 μm.

5. The method for preparing environmentally friendly bricks using fly ash from waste incineration according to claim 1, characterized in that: When preparing raw materials in S1, the preparation of ceramic waste includes the following steps; The ceramic waste is fed into the jaw crusher in batches, and the amount of each feed is controlled not to exceed 80% of the rated capacity of the equipment. The crusher is started for coarse crushing. During the coarse crushing process, the discharge situation is observed to ensure that the particle size of the crushed material is controlled within the range of 20-30mm. If large pieces of material are not completely crushed, the machine is stopped in time for cleaning and the jaw plate gap is adjusted. The coarsely crushed ceramic waste is fed into an impact crusher, and the feeding speed is controlled at 100-150 kg / h. The equipment is started for medium crushing, and the particle size of the material after medium crushing should be controlled at 5-10 mm. The crushed ceramic waste is fed into an impact crusher, with the impeller speed set at 1500-1800 rpm for fine crushing to reduce the particle size to less than 5 mm.

6. The method for preparing environmentally friendly bricks using fly ash from waste incineration according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the preparation of raw materials in S1, the specific surface area of ​​silica fume is 15000m² / kg.

7. The method for preparing environmentally friendly bricks using fly ash from waste incineration according to claim 1, characterized in that: During the curing process in S4, steam curing is used with a steam pressure of 0.8 MPa, a heating rate of 15°C / hour, and a cooling rate of 10°C / hour.

8. The method for preparing environmentally friendly bricks using fly ash from waste incineration according to claim 1, characterized in that: During the forming process in S3, a steel mold is used, and the dimensional accuracy of the mold is controlled within ±0.3mm.

9. A method for preparing environmentally friendly bricks using fly ash from waste incineration according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pressing method of the brick blank forming machine in S3 is static pressure pressing, and the pressure fluctuation range during the pressing process does not exceed ±1MPa.

10. A method for preparing environmentally friendly bricks using fly ash from waste incineration according to claim 1, characterized in that: The water-reducing agent is a polycarboxylate-based high-performance water-reducing agent.