Universal microbial polysaccharide compound fertilizer and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of compound fertilizers, and relates to a universal microbial polysaccharide compound fertilizer and a preparation method thereof. The universal microbial polysaccharide compound fertilizer is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by mass: 180 to 200 parts of potassium chloride, 200 to 250 parts of monoammonium phosphate, 70 to 95 parts of ammonium chloride, 450 to 500 parts of urea, 20 to 38 parts of calcium powder, 6 to 8 parts of microbial polysaccharide, 1 to 4 parts of anti-caking paste and 3 to 7 parts of anti-caking powder. The universal microbial polysaccharide compound fertilizer disclosed by the invention can be used for remolding a soil aggregate structure, reducing soil hardening and nutrient loss, achieving the effects of improving soil and retaining fertilizer, ensuring many white roots and developed capillary roots, and improving the fertilizer and water absorption capacity. The four-layer structure of the compound fertilizer enables all the components to play a role, and all the elements are absorbed by crops to the maximum extent.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application belongs to the technical field of compound fertilizer, and relates to a general-purpose microbial polysaccharide compound fertilizer and a preparation method thereof. BACKGROUND

[0002] The compound fertilizer refers to a chemical fertilizer containing two or more than two nutrient elements of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. The compound fertilizer has the advantages of high nutrient content, few by-products and good physical properties, and plays a very important role in balancing fertilization, improving fertilizer utilization rate and promoting high and stable yield of crops.

[0003] With the gradual decrease of the basic soil fertility of existing cultivated land in China, more and more compound fertilizers are used. The existing compound fertilizers are mostly heavy chemical fertilizers, and the structure design of the compound fertilizers does not consider the comprehensive influence of various elements on crops, resulting in low utilization rate of the compound fertilizers and overuse of the compound fertilizers at one time. In addition, the secondary fertilization phenomenon is also increasing. According to statistics, about 35% of the existing compound fertilizers are absorbed by crops, 55% are left in the soil, and 10% are lost by volatilization. Excessive fertilization eventually causes soil problems such as soil compaction, soil acidification and salinization, and subsequent phenomena such as reduction of crop yield and increase of soil-borne diseases and pests. The problems such as resource waste, production operation cost increase and environmental pollution are also becoming more and more serious.

[0004] At present, crop growers often choose compound fertilizers for different crops. For growers, the procurement of multiple compound fertilizers is very cumbersome and often needs to go to multiple fertilizer stations to purchase all the compound fertilizers. In addition, according to the different requirements of crops for fertilizers, the growers need to calculate the procurement quantity of each fertilizer in advance, which brings a lot of trouble to the growers.

[0005] Therefore, there is a need for a general-purpose compound fertilizer that can solve the technical problems of soil compaction, improve crop yield, reduce diseases and pests and the like. SUMMARY

[0006] In view of the above-mentioned technical problems, the present application provides a general-purpose microbial polysaccharide compound fertilizer and a preparation method thereof. The compound fertilizer of the present application improves the utilization rate of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the soil by adding microbial polysaccharides, activates the fixed microelements in the soil, reshapes the soil aggregate structure, reduces soil compaction and nutrient loss, and plays a role in soil improvement and fertilizer preservation. The preparation method of the compound fertilizer starts from the comprehensive influence of various elements on crops, and the prepared compound fertilizer allows each component to play a maximum role.

[0007] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present application adopts the following technical solutions.

[0008] A general-purpose microbial polysaccharide compound fertilizer, comprising the following raw materials in mass fraction: potassium chloride 180-200 parts, monoammonium phosphate 200-250 parts, ammonium chloride 70-95 parts, urea 450-500 parts, calcium powder 20-38 parts, microbial polysaccharide 6-8 parts, anti-caking paste 1-4 parts, and anti-caking powder 3-7 parts.

[0009] Further, the potassium chloride is potassium chloride with a mass fraction of 62%.

[0010] Further, the monoammonium phosphate is monoammonium phosphate with a mass fraction of 55%.

[0011] A preparation method of a general-purpose microbial polysaccharide compound fertilizer, comprising the following steps: Step 1, paste the calcium powder with a small amount of water, mix the pasted calcium powder with half of the microbial polysaccharide and a granulating agent, and then perform granulation by using a fluidized spray granulation method to obtain microparticles with a particle size of 150-200 microns, which are freeze-dried for standby use; Step 2, melt the potassium chloride with a mass fraction of 62% into a molten liquid, add half of the anti-caking powder and the microparticles, mix and granulate to obtain coarse granules; Step 3, melt the urea into a molten liquid, add the monoammonium phosphate with a mass fraction of 55%, the ammonium chloride and the coarse granules, mix and granulate to obtain compound granules; Step 4, coat the compound granules to obtain coated compound granules; Step 5, mix the coated compound granules with the anti-caking paste, and then add the anti-caking powder to uniformly coat the surface of the compound granules with the anti-caking powder to obtain the general-purpose microbial polysaccharide compound fertilizer.

[0012] Further, in step 1, the granulating agent is prepared according to a mass ratio of water: polyvinylpyrrolidone = 100: (2-5).

[0013] Further, in step 1, the parameters of the fluidized spray granulation are as follows: the mass ratio of materials, pasted calcium powder and microbial polysaccharide: granulating agent = (8-12): (1-2); the inlet temperature of the granulating agent is 20-25 DEG C, the spray speed of the granulating agent is 0.4-0.6 L / min; the atomization pressure is 0.2-0.3 MPa, and the outlet temperature is 30-40 DEG C.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the present application has the following beneficial effects.

[0015] (1) The microorganism polysaccharide in the compound fertilizer can improve the utilization rate of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the soil and the elements in the fertilizer, activate the fixed medium and trace elements in the soil, decompose the organic matter in the soil and release the nutrients, reshape the soil aggregate structure, reduce the soil hardening and nutrient loss, and play the roles of improving the soil and preserving the fertilizer; the microorganism polysaccharide can also inhibit the reproduction of pathogenic microorganisms, prevent and reduce the soil-borne diseases. The microorganism polysaccharide can promote the growth of crop roots, ensure that the white roots are more and the capillary roots are developed, and enhance the absorption capacity of the roots.

[0016] (2) The compound fertilizer prepared in the application has a four-layer structure; the outermost anti-dusting and anti-paste layer can prevent the compound fertilizer from caking, absorbing moisture and pulverizing; the second layer is coated with urea, monoammonium phosphate, ammonium chloride and microorganism polysaccharide, so that the plants can quickly absorb the nitrogen elements even in the case of undeveloped roots; the third layer is coated with potassium chloride and anti-dusting powder to provide potassium elements for the crops; a small amount of anti-dusting powder is added to reduce the caking and moisture absorption of the potassium chloride, so that the potassium elements can be maximally and quickly absorbed by the crops; the potassium elements and calcium elements have antagonistic effects, so the quick absorption of the potassium elements in the early stage has advantages for the absorption of the calcium elements in the fourth layer; the fourth layer, i.e., the center layer, is coated with calcium powder and microorganism polysaccharide; after the potassium elements are maximally absorbed in the early stage, the calcium elements are less affected by the potassium elements and can be normally absorbed by the crops; the microorganism polysaccharide can further promote the growth of the roots. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0017] The application is described with the help of the following drawings: Figure 1 Comparison chart of stems and leaves of corn planted with the compound fertilizer of Example 1 and corn planted without fertilizer; Figure 2 Comparison chart of the growth of corn planted with the compound fertilizer of Example 1 and corn planted without fertilizer; Figure 3 Comparison chart of soybean planted with the compound fertilizer of Example 1 and soybean planted without fertilizer; Figure 4 Comparison chart of wheat planted with the compound fertilizer of Example 1 and wheat planted without fertilizer; Figure 5 Comparison chart of green onions planted with the compound fertilizer of Example 1 and green onions planted without fertilizer; Figure 6 Comparison chart of amaranth planted with the compound fertilizer of Example 1 and amaranth planted without fertilizer; Figure 7 Comparison chart of swamp cabbage planted with the compound fertilizer of Example 1 and swamp cabbage planted without fertilizer; Figure 8 Comparison chart of green stem vegetables planted with the compound fertilizer of Example 1 and green stem vegetables planted without fertilizer. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0018] The technical solutions in the present application will be described clearly and completely below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some of the embodiments of the present application, but not all. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative work fall within the protection scope of the present application.

[0019] A general-purpose microbial polysaccharide compound fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in mass fraction: 180-200 parts of potassium chloride with a mass fraction of 62%, 200-250 parts of monoammonium phosphate with a mass fraction of 55%, 70-95 parts of ammonium chloride, 450-500 parts of urea, 20-38 parts of calcium powder, 6-8 parts of microbial polysaccharide, 1-4 parts of anti-caking paste, and 3-7 parts of anti-caking powder.

[0020] A preparation method of a general-purpose microbial polysaccharide compound fertilizer comprises the following steps: Step 1: Paste the calcium powder with a small amount of water, mix the pasted calcium powder with half of the microbial polysaccharide and a granulating agent, and then perform granulation by fluidized spray granulation to obtain microparticles with a particle size of 150-200 μm, and then freeze-dry for standby; the granulating agent is prepared according to a mass ratio of water: polyvinylpyrrolidone = 100: (2-5); the parameters of the fluidized spray granulation are as follows: the mass ratio of the materials, pasted calcium powder and microbial polysaccharide: granulating agent = (8-12): (1-2); the temperature of the granulating agent is 20-25°C, the spray speed of the granulating agent is 0.4-0.6 L / min; the atomization pressure is 0.2-0.3 MPa, and the discharge temperature is 30-40°C; Step 2: Heat the potassium chloride with a mass fraction of 62% to melt into a molten liquid, add half of the anti-caking powder and the microparticles, mix, and then perform granulation to obtain coarse granules; Step 3: Heat the urea to melt into a molten liquid, add the monoammonium phosphate with a mass fraction of 55%, the ammonium chloride, and the coarse granules, mix, and then perform granulation to obtain compound granules; Step 4: Coat the compound granules to obtain coated compound granules; Step 5: Mix the coated compound granules with the anti-caking paste, and then add the anti-caking powder to uniformly coat the surface of the compound granules with the anti-caking powder to obtain the general-purpose microbial polysaccharide compound fertilizer.

[0021] Embodiment 1 A preparation method of a general-purpose microbial polysaccharide compound fertilizer comprises the following steps: Step 1: Gelatinize 27 parts of calcium powder with a small amount of water. Mix the gelatinized calcium powder with 2 parts of microbial polysaccharide and granulating agent, and then granulate using fluidized bed spray granulation to obtain microparticles with a particle size of 150μm to 200μm. Freeze-dry and set aside. The granulating agent is prepared at a mass ratio of water to polyvinylpyrrolidone of 100:3. The parameters for fluidized bed spray granulation are as follows: mass ratio of gelatinized calcium powder to microbial polysaccharide to granulating agent = 8:1; inlet temperature of granulating agent 25℃; spray speed of granulating agent 0.6L / min; atomization pressure 0.3MPa; outlet temperature 35℃.

[0022] Step 2: Heat 194 parts of 62% potassium chloride to melt into a molten liquid, add 2.5 parts of anti-caking powder and microparticles, mix and granulate to obtain coarse granules; Step 3: Heat 470 parts of urea to melt it into a molten liquid, add 230 parts of 55% monoammonium phosphate, 80 parts of ammonium chloride, 2 parts of microbial polysaccharide and coarse granules, mix and granulate to obtain composite granules; Step 4: Coat the composite granules to obtain coated composite granules; Step 5: Thoroughly mix the coated composite granules with 2 parts of anti-caking paste, then add 2.5 parts of anti-caking powder to evenly coat the surface of the composite granules with anti-caking powder, thus obtaining a general-purpose microbial polysaccharide compound fertilizer.

[0023] Example 2 A method for preparing a general-purpose microbial polysaccharide compound fertilizer includes the following steps: Step 1: Gelatinize 20 parts of calcium powder with a small amount of water. Mix the gelatinized calcium powder with 4 parts of microbial polysaccharide and granulating agent, and then granulate using fluidized bed spray granulation to obtain microparticles with a particle size of 150μm to 200μm. Freeze-dry and set aside. The granulating agent is prepared at a mass ratio of water to polyvinylpyrrolidone = 100:3. The parameters for fluidized bed spray granulation are: mass ratio of gelatinized calcium powder to microbial polysaccharide to granulating agent = 8:1; inlet temperature of granulating agent 25℃; spray speed of granulating agent 0.6L / min; atomization pressure 0.3MPa; outlet temperature 35℃.

[0024] Step 2: Heat 180 parts of 62% potassium chloride to melt it into a molten liquid, add 1.5 parts of anti-caking powder and microparticles, mix and granulate to obtain coarse granules; Step 3: Heat 500 parts of urea to melt it into a molten liquid, add 200 parts of 55% monoammonium phosphate, 70 parts of ammonium chloride, 4 parts of microbial polysaccharide and coarse granules, mix and granulate to obtain composite granules; Step 4: Coat the composite granules to obtain coated composite granules; Step 5: Thoroughly mix the coated composite granules with 1 part of anti-caking paste, then add 1.5 parts of anti-caking powder to evenly coat the surface of the composite granules with anti-caking powder, thus obtaining a general-purpose microbial polysaccharide compound fertilizer.

[0025] Example 3 A method for preparing a general-purpose microbial polysaccharide compound fertilizer includes the following steps: Step 1: Gelatinize 38 parts of calcium powder with a small amount of water. Mix the gelatinized calcium powder with 3 parts of microbial polysaccharide and granulating agent, and then granulate using fluidized bed spray granulation to obtain microparticles with a particle size of 150μm to 200μm. Freeze-dry and set aside. The granulating agent is prepared at a mass ratio of water to polyvinylpyrrolidone = 100:3. The parameters for fluidized bed spray granulation are: mass ratio of gelatinized calcium powder to microbial polysaccharide to granulating agent = 8:1; inlet temperature of granulating agent 25℃; spray speed of granulating agent 0.6L / min; atomization pressure 0.3MPa; outlet temperature 35℃.

[0026] Step 2: Heat 200 parts of 62% potassium chloride to melt it into a molten liquid, add 3.5 parts of anti-caking powder and microparticles, mix and granulate to obtain coarse granules; Step 3: Heat 450 parts of urea to melt it into a molten liquid, add 250 parts of 55% monoammonium phosphate, 95 parts of ammonium chloride, 3 parts of microbial polysaccharide and coarse granules, mix and granulate to obtain composite granules; Step 4: Coat the composite granules to obtain coated composite granules; Step 5: Thoroughly mix the coated composite granules with 4 parts of anti-caking paste, then add 3.5 parts of anti-caking powder to evenly coat the surface of the composite granules with anti-caking powder, thus obtaining a general-purpose microbial polysaccharide compound fertilizer.

[0027] Comparative Example 1

[0028] A method for preparing a general-purpose microbial polysaccharide compound fertilizer includes the following steps: Step 1: Heat 194 parts of 62% potassium chloride to melt into a molten liquid, add 27 parts of calcium powder, 4 parts of microbial polysaccharide, 470 parts of urea, 230 parts of 55% monoammonium phosphate, and 80 parts of ammonium chloride, mix and granulate to obtain composite granules. Step 2: Coat the composite granules to obtain coated composite granules; Step 3: Thoroughly mix the coated composite granules with 2 parts of anti-caking paste, then add 5 parts of anti-caking powder to evenly coat the surface of the composite granules with anti-caking powder, thus obtaining a general-purpose microbial polysaccharide compound fertilizer.

[0029] Comparative Example 2

[0030] A method for preparing a general-purpose microbial polysaccharide compound fertilizer includes the following steps: Step 1: Heat 194 parts of 62% potassium chloride to melt into a molten liquid, add 27 parts of calcium powder, 2 parts of microbial polysaccharide, 2.5 parts of anti-caking powder and microparticles, mix and granulate to obtain coarse granules; Step 2: Heat 470 parts of urea to melt it into a molten liquid, add 230 parts of 55% monoammonium phosphate, 80 parts of ammonium chloride, 2 parts of microbial polysaccharide and coarse granules, mix and granulate to obtain composite granules; Step 3: Coat the composite granules to obtain coated composite granules; Step 4: Thoroughly mix the coated composite granules with 2 parts of anti-caking paste, then add 2.5 parts of anti-caking powder to evenly coat the surface of the composite granules with anti-caking powder, thus obtaining a general-purpose microbial polysaccharide compound fertilizer.

[0031] Corn planting experiment: An experimental field was selected at a corn planting base and divided into 7 experimental zones. Five zones were used with the compound fertilizers from the respective implementation examples and comparative examples. The remaining two zones were used as a blank control (one zone was not fertilized) and one zone was fertilized with a commercially available corn compound fertilizer. After one application of fertilizer, measurements were taken after the corn reached maturity. The experimental results are shown in Table 1 below.

[0032] Table 1 Results of maize planting experiments in each experimental area Serial number Plant height cm Stem diameter mm Fresh grain 100-seed weight g Fresh ear equivalent yield per mu kg Example 1 95.4 21.61 31.2 758.4 Example 2 95.3 21.63 30.8 757.2 Example 3 95.5 21.57 30.5 756.7 Comparative Example 1 94.1 21.48 30.1 746.5 Comparative Example 2 94.9 21.49 30.3 749.3 Market conventional corn compound fertilizer 92.9 20.07 30.0 740.2 Blank control example 76.7 18.35 29.5 657.9 As can be seen from Table 1, the corn planting effect of the three examples is better than that of the comparative examples, commercial fertilizers, and blank control examples; a comparison between Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2 shows that different preparation methods of compound fertilizers affect the corn planting results. Figure 1 In the middle, the right side shows the compound fertilizer used in Example 1, and the left side is the blank control without fertilizer. It can be seen that the corn stalks on the right are strong and the leaves are green. Figure 2 In the middle, the left side shows the compound fertilizer used in Example 1, and the right side is the blank control without fertilizer. It can be seen that the corn kernels on the left are full and have fewer bald tips and rotten kernels, while the corn on the right control has more serious bald tips and rotten kernels.

[0033] Various crop planting experiments: 1. Soybean planting was carried out, and a comparison was made between the compound fertilizer used in Example 1 and the fertilizer-free method. The results are as follows: Figure 3 As shown, the left side shows the soybeans treated with the compound fertilizer of Example 1, resulting in mature stalks, plump grains, a large number of pods, and a significant increase in yield; the right side shows the blank control without fertilizer, resulting in yellowed stalks, shriveled grains, and a small number of pods.

[0034] 2. Wheat was planted, and a comparison was made between the compound fertilizer used in Example 1 and the fertilizer-free method. The results are as follows: Figure 4 As shown, the left side is the blank control without fertilizer, and the right side is the compound fertilizer used in Example 1. Under the same planting area, the yield of the compound fertilizer is significantly higher.

[0035] 3. When planting scallions, a comparison was made between using the compound fertilizer from Example 1 and not using any fertilizer. The results are as follows: Figure 5 As shown, the left side shows the compound fertilizer used in Example 1, and the right side is the blank control without fertilizer. The garlic cloves on the left are thicker and heavier.

[0036] 4. Amaranth was planted, and a comparison was made between the compound fertilizer used in Example 1 and the fertilizer-free method. The results are as follows: Figure 6 As shown, the left side is the blank control without fertilizer, and the right side is the compound fertilizer used in Example 1. The amaranth on the right side is obviously more lush and has a higher yield.

[0037] 5. Water spinach was planted, and a comparison was made between using the compound fertilizer from Example 1 and not using any fertilizer. The results are as follows: Figure 7 As shown, the left side is the blank control without fertilizer, and the right side is the compound fertilizer used in Example 1. The amaranth on the right side is obviously stronger, with longer stems, larger leaves, and higher yield.

[0038] 6. A comparison was made between planting bok choy using the compound fertilizer from Example 1 and planting without fertilizer. The results are as follows: Figure 8 As shown, the left side is the blank control without fertilizer, and the right side is the compound fertilizer used in Example 1. The amaranth on the right side is obviously stronger, has larger leaves, and has a higher yield.

[0039] It can be seen that the general-purpose microbial polysaccharide compound fertilizer prepared by this invention can be applied to a variety of crops, and the growth, quality and yield of crops are improved.

Claims

1. A general-purpose microbial polysaccharide compound fertilizer, characterized in that, The raw materials include the following parts by weight: 180-200 parts potassium chloride, 200-250 parts monoammonium phosphate, 70-95 parts ammonium chloride, 450-500 parts urea, 20-38 parts calcium powder, 6-8 parts microbial polysaccharide, 1-4 parts anti-caking paste, and 3-7 parts anti-caking powder.

2. A general-purpose microbial polysaccharide compound fertilizer, characterized in that, The raw materials include the following parts by weight: 194 parts potassium chloride, 230 parts monoammonium phosphate, 80 parts ammonium chloride, 470 parts urea, 27 parts calcium powder, 4 parts microbial polysaccharide, 2 parts anti-caking paste, and 5 parts anti-caking powder.

3. The general-purpose microbial polysaccharide compound fertilizer according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The potassium chloride is potassium chloride with a mass fraction of 62%.

4. The general-purpose microbial polysaccharide compound fertilizer according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The monoammonium phosphate is 55% by mass.

5. A method for preparing a universal microbial polysaccharide compound fertilizer, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step 1: Add a small amount of water to the calcium powder to gelatinize it. Mix the gelatinized calcium powder with half the amount of microbial polysaccharide and granulating agent, and then granulate it by fluidized spray granulation to obtain microparticles with a particle size of 150μm to 200μm. Freeze-dry and set aside for later use. Step 2: Heat and melt 62% potassium chloride into a molten liquid, add half of the anti-caking powder and microparticles, mix and granulate to obtain coarse granules; Step 3: Heat urea to melt it into a liquid, add 55% by mass of monoammonium phosphate, ammonium chloride and coarse granules, mix and granulate to obtain composite granules; Step 4: Coat the composite granules to obtain coated composite granules; Step 5: Thoroughly mix the coated composite granules with the anti-caking paste, then add the anti-caking powder to evenly coat the surface of the composite granules with the anti-caking powder, thus obtaining a general-purpose microbial polysaccharide compound fertilizer.

6. The method for preparing the general-purpose microbial polysaccharide compound fertilizer according to claim 5, characterized in that, In step 1, the granulating agent is prepared according to the mass ratio of water:polyvinylpyrrolidone = 100:(2-5).

7. The method for preparing the general-purpose microbial polysaccharide compound fertilizer according to claim 5, characterized in that, In step 1, the parameters for fluidized spray granulation are: material mass ratio, gelatinized calcium powder to microbial polysaccharide: granulating agent = (8-12): (1-2); The inlet temperature of the granulating agent is 20℃~25℃, and the spraying speed of the granulating agent is 0.4L / min~0.6L / min; The atomization pressure of the fluidized spray is 0.2MPa~0.3MPa, and the discharge temperature is 30℃~40℃.

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