Centrifugal switch vibration signal acquisition and analysis method
By designing a centrifugal switch vibration signal acquisition circuit and data processing algorithm, the problems of low accuracy and high cost in the existing technology are solved, and high-precision, low-cost vibration signal acquisition and analysis are realized.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202511732484.3
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-11-24
- Publication Date
- 2026-01-16
AI Technical Summary
Existing technologies for centrifugal switch vibration signal acquisition and analysis suffer from low accuracy and high cost.
The design of the vibration signal acquisition circuit framework includes a vibration sensor, a signal conditioning circuit, a bandpass filter, a high-speed data acquisition circuit, and data processing software. The signal conditioning circuit processes weak and easily interfered signals, an active filter is built, and a high-precision AD sampling chip and wavelet conversion algorithm are used for data analysis.
It improves the accuracy of vibration signal acquisition, reduces costs, accurately determines vibration time, and simplifies the structure.
Smart Images
Figure CN121346959A_ABST
Abstract
Description
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of centrifugal switch test, in particular to a centrifugal switch vibration signal acquisition and analysis method. BACKGROUND
[0002] The centrifugal switch has high reliability and high harsh environment performance, and is widely used in the fields of aerospace, military equipment and the like. In the centrifugal switch test, the action delay time of the centrifugal switch needs to be judged by checking the vibration signal of the centrifugal switch.
[0003] In the prior art, when the vibration signal of the centrifugal switch is collected and analyzed, there are the defects of low precision and high cost. SUMMARY
[0004] In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the present application provides a centrifugal switch vibration signal acquisition and analysis method, comprising the following steps: S1, a vibration signal acquisition circuit framework is designed, including a vibration sensor, a signal conditioning circuit, a band-pass filter, a high-speed data acquisition circuit and data processing software; S2, a signal conditioning circuit is built, including a constant current source module, a signal direct current blocking module, a buffer and amplification module, a direct current bias level adjustment module and a low-pass filter module; S3, a band-pass filter is built, and an active second-order low-pass filter and an active second-order high-pass filter are used to improve the bandwidth of the band-pass filter; S4, a high-speed data acquisition circuit is built, and a high-precision AD sampling chip is used to collect data; S5, the collected data is analyzed by using wavelet conversion algorithm and sliding window standard deviation algorithm through the data processing software, and the vibration signal starting time is obtained.
[0005] Further, the signal conditioning circuit is used to process the weak and easily disturbed original signal output by the vibration sensor, so that the signal becomes a signal with specific characteristics which can be effectively used by the subsequent circuit.
[0006] Further, the constant current source module is used to provide a constant driving current for the vibration sensor, and simultaneously receive the signal returned by the vibration sensor.
[0007] Further, the signal direct current blocking module is used to block the direct current bias of the alternating current signal returned by the vibration sensor, extract the pure vibration component, and prevent the direct current bias from entering the amplifier.
[0008] Further, the buffer and amplification module is used to buffer the coupled alternating current signal, improve the circuit driving capability, and amplify the signal.
[0009] Furthermore, the DC bias level adjustment module is used to bias the AC signal and shift it to a voltage range acceptable to the high-speed data acquisition circuit.
[0010] Furthermore, the low-pass filter module is used to perform anti-aliasing filtering on the buffered and amplified signal.
[0011] Furthermore, the acquisition and analysis of vibration signals from centrifugal switches includes the following steps: Step 1: After building the vibration signal acquisition circuit framework, install the vibration sensor and centrifugal switch on the centrifuge; Step 2: Start the centrifuge, collect and save the data; The third step is to analyze the collected data using wavelet transform and sliding window standard deviation algorithms through data acquisition software. First, wavelet transform is performed on the original data to remove the carrier signal. Then, the sliding window standard deviation algorithm is used to calculate the window standard deviation value of the obtained signal curve to obtain the vibration signal window standard deviation curve, and thus obtain the start time of the vibration signal.
[0012] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: (1) The present invention has high accuracy and accurate judgment of vibration time when collecting vibration signals; (2) The present invention adopts a simple structure and has low cost; (3) The present invention can process the weak and easily interfered original signal output by the vibration sensor through the signal conditioning circuit, so as to make it into a signal with specific characteristics that can be effectively used by subsequent circuits, so as to facilitate more in-depth analysis using digital signal processing technology. Attached Figure Description
[0013] Figure 1 This is a block diagram of the vibration signal acquisition circuit of the present invention.
[0014] Figure 2 This is a block diagram of the signal conditioning circuit of the present invention.
[0015] Figure 3 This is a block diagram of the constant current source module of the present invention.
[0016] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the buffer and amplification module of the present invention.
[0017] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the low-pass filter module of the present invention.
[0018] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the active second-order low-pass filter of the present invention.
[0019] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the active second-order high-pass filter of the present invention.
[0020] Figure 8This is the original test data for this invention.
[0021] Figure 9 This is the data obtained by the wavelet transform algorithm of this invention.
[0022] Figure 10 This is curve d1, which is a detail of the present invention.
[0023] Figure 11 This is the standard deviation curve of the sliding window in this invention. Detailed Implementation
[0024] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
[0025] Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
[0026] Example: Figures 1-11 As shown, this invention provides a method for acquiring and analyzing vibration signals from a centrifugal switch. The specific implementation steps are as follows: S1. Design the framework of the vibration signal acquisition circuit, such as... Figure 1 The diagram shown is a block diagram of a vibration signal acquisition circuit, which includes a vibration sensor, a signal conditioning circuit, a bandpass filter, a high-speed data acquisition circuit, and data acquisition software.
[0027] S2. Construct a signal conditioning circuit, including a constant current source module, a signal DC blocking module, a buffer and amplification module, a DC bias level adjustment module, and a low-pass filter module; Signal conditioning circuitry is used to process the weak, easily interfered raw signal output by the vibration sensor, transforming it into a signal with specific characteristics that can be effectively utilized by subsequent circuits. Since the signal output by the vibration sensor is often very weak, an amplification circuit is needed to increase the signal amplitude to a level that subsequent circuits can effectively process. Then, the analog signal is converted into a digital signal to facilitate more in-depth analysis using digital signal processing techniques, such as... Figure 2 The diagram shown is a block diagram of a signal conditioning circuit.
[0028] The constant current source module provides a constant drive current to the vibration sensor. It is connected in series with the vibration sensor, supplying power and simultaneously receiving the signal returned by the sensor (the signal and current share a single wire). It includes discrete components such as current-limiting resistors, constant current diodes, and operational amplifiers. Figure 3 The diagram shown is a block diagram of the constant current source module.
[0029] The DC blocking module is used to block the AC signal with DC bias returned by the vibration sensor, extracting the pure vibration (AC) component; and to prevent the DC bias from entering the amplifier; it includes a coupling capacitor, in this embodiment an electrolytic / film / ceramic capacitor with a capacitance value between 1 and 10 μF.
[0030] The buffer and amplification module is used to buffer the coupled AC signal, improving the circuit's driving capability, while simultaneously amplifying the signal. It includes a precision low-noise operational amplifier with high input impedance and low output impedance, capable of suppressing the influence of the signal source impedance on signal quality. Figure 4 The diagram shown is a schematic of the buffer and amplification module.
[0031] The DC bias level adjustment module is used to bias the AC signal and shift it to the voltage range (-5V-5V) acceptable to the high-speed data acquisition circuit. An intermediate level is established through a resistor divider network, a reference source, and a virtual ground.
[0032] The low-pass filter module is used to perform anti-aliasing filtering on the buffered and amplified signal. It is typically a first- or second-order active RC filter, and its cutoff frequency needs to be slightly higher than the highest frequency of the signal to effectively suppress electromagnetic interference and noise. Figure 5 The diagram shown is a schematic of a low-pass filter module.
[0033] S3. Construct a bandpass filter consisting of an active second-order low-pass filter and an active second-order high-pass filter, such as... Figure 6 The diagram shown is a schematic of an active second-order low-pass filter. Figure 7 The diagram shown is a schematic of an active second-order high-pass filter.
[0034] S4. Build a high-speed data acquisition circuit and use a high-precision AD sampling chip to acquire data.
[0035] S5. The collected data is analyzed using wavelet transform and sliding window standard deviation algorithms through data processing software. First, wavelet transform is performed on the raw data to remove the carrier signal. Then, the sliding window standard deviation algorithm is used to calculate the window standard deviation value of the obtained signal curve, which yields the vibration signal window standard deviation curve, and thus the start time of the vibration signal.
[0036] The following is a detailed description of an embodiment for the acquisition and analysis of vibration signals from a centrifugal switch, including the following steps: Step 1: Build the vibration signal acquisition circuit framework. The vibration sensor is a MEMS vibration sensor, and the output is an analog signal. Step 2: Install the vibration sensor and centrifugal switch on the centrifuge; Step 3: Start the centrifuge and collect and save the data; Step 4: Analyze the collected data using wavelet transform and sliding window standard deviation algorithms through data acquisition software, such as... Figure 8 As shown, this is the original test data; firstly, wavelet transformation is performed on the original data to obtain the approximate curve a5 and detail curves d1~d5, as follows. Figure 9 The data shown is obtained using the wavelet transform algorithm. The initial vibration point is 5455, the first impact point is 9663, and the second impact point is 10695. With a sampling frequency of 3.2 kHz, the trigger delay time is (10695 - 5455) / 3200 = 1.6375 seconds. Here, d1 represents a better detail curve, such as... Figure 10 As shown, this is the detail curve d1; calculating the window standard deviation of d1 yields the sliding window standard deviation curve, as shown below. Figure 11 As shown; the threshold for the start of the vibration signal is set to 0.3, and the threshold for the impact signal is set to 1.5. The first impact point is the first maximum value exceeding 1.5, and the second impact point is the second maximum value exceeding 1.5. Therefore, the vibration start point is 5471, the first impact point is 9663, and the second impact point is 10693. The calculated trigger delay time is (10693-5471) / 3200 = 1.6319 seconds. The error caused by data processing is 1.6375 - 1.6319 = 0.0056 seconds ≤ 0.01 seconds.
Claims
1. A centrifugal switch vibration signal acquisition analysis method, characterized in that, It comprises the following steps: S1, design vibration signal acquisition circuit framework, including vibration sensor, signal conditioning circuit, band-pass filter, high-speed data acquisition circuit and data processing software; S2, build signal conditioning circuit, including constant current source module, signal direct current isolation module, buffer and amplifier module, direct current bias level adjustment module, low-pass filter module; S3, build band-pass filter, use active second-order low-pass filter and active second-order high-pass filter to improve the bandwidth of band-pass filter; S4, high-speed data acquisition circuit, using high-precision AD sampling chip to collect data; S5, the collected data is analyzed by data processing software using wavelet transform algorithm and sliding window standard deviation algorithm to obtain the starting time of vibration signal.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the centrifugal switch vibration signal is collected and analyzed. The signal conditioning circuit is used for processing the weak and easily disturbed original signal output by the vibration sensor, so that it becomes a signal with specific characteristics that can be effectively used by the subsequent circuit.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the centrifugal switch vibration signal is collected and analyzed. The constant current source module is used to provide constant driving current for the vibration sensor and receive the signal returned by the vibration sensor.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein the method further comprises: The signal direct current isolation module is used to isolate the direct current bias superimposed on the alternating current signal returned by the vibration sensor, extract the pure vibration component, and prevent the direct current bias from entering the amplifier.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein the centrifugal switch vibration signal is collected and analyzed. The buffer and amplifier module is used to buffer the coupled alternating current signal, improve the circuit driving ability, and amplify the signal.
6. A method of collecting and analyzing the vibration signal of a centrifugal switch according to claim 5, characterized in that, The direct current bias level adjustment module is used to bias the alternating current signal and shift it to the voltage range acceptable by the high-speed data acquisition circuit.
7. A method of collecting and analyzing the vibration signal of a centrifugal switch according to claim 6, characterized in that, The low-pass filter module is used for anti-aliasing filtering of the buffered and amplified signal.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein the centrifugal switch vibration signal is collected and analyzed. When collecting and analyzing the centrifugal switch vibration signal, the following steps are included: First step: after building the vibration signal acquisition circuit framework, install the vibration sensor and centrifugal switch on the centrifuge; Second step: start the centrifuge, collect and save the data; Third step: analyze the collected data by data acquisition software using wavelet transform algorithm and sliding window standard deviation algorithm. First, perform wavelet transform on the original data to remove the carrier signal, then use the sliding window standard deviation algorithm to calculate the window standard deviation value of the obtained signal curve, obtain the vibration signal window standard deviation curve, and then obtain the starting time of the vibration signal.