Solar cell laser scribing track control method, scribing method and scribing system

Abstract

The invention discloses a solar cell laser scribing track control method, a scribing method and a scribing system.The control method comprises the following steps that a first camera is used for obtaining datum line data at the position L away from the front of a laser device and sending the datum line data and corresponding position data to a control device; when the control device controls the laser to move to the position corresponding to the position data in the first direction, compensation and lineation are carried out based on the datum line data and the preset line spacing, so that the laser carries out lineation along with the datum line; the second camera is used for acquiring a current line spacing between a current processing line and a reference line and sending the current line spacing to the control device, the control device compares the current line spacing with a preset line spacing, the control device obtains correction data according to a comparison result, and the correction data is used for correcting the current processing line according to the correction data. And controlling the movement of the laser based on the correction data and the datum line data of the first camera.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of solar cells and laser processing, in particular to a control method of laser scribing trajectory of a solar cell, a scribing method of the solar cell comprising the control method, and a control system for executing the scribing method, which is applied to scribing path tracking and online processing detection in the perovskite solar cell industry. BACKGROUND

[0002] Perovskite solar cells are an important research direction in the photovoltaic field in recent years, and laser scribing is a core and key process in the process of perovskite photovoltaic cells. The entire production process needs to go through 3 laser scribing processes, commonly known as P1, P2 and P3 scribing processes. P2 scribing has strict parallelism and spacing accuracy requirements compared to P1 scribing and P3 scribing compared to P2 scribing. The area from the outermost side of P1 line to the outermost side of P3 line cannot generate electricity, commonly known as dead zone. The larger the dead zone, the lower the conversion efficiency of the solar cell.

[0003] The traditional processing method only draws a straight line through two-axis interpolation, which is difficult to deal with the curve problem caused by changes in furnace temperature, glass deformation and other situations. At the same time, with the development of perovskite products to large format, the control and detection of production equipment are increasingly important. Manual inspection or offline detection is difficult to respond in time to the situation of system accuracy not meeting the standards.

[0004] The existing patent CN107442946A discloses a laser scribing system for flexible solar cells, which adopts a dual-camera scheme, but the camera is 30°, 150° side-mounted, and the scanning galvanometer is located at the center of the first and second cameras. In this case, the camera acquires data, completes image processing, and then drives the motor from the data to the laser trajectory, which has a response delay. At the same time, the side-mounted camera causes only the middle position to be in the normal focus position, and the remaining positions to be in the defocus zone, bringing in certain errors.

[0005] For example, patent CN120326169A discloses a laser scribing trajectory control method and equipment based on visual inspection, which adopts a single-camera scheme. This scheme is also a side-mounted scheme, and only a single-camera idea is used. Although the camera provides position data of P2 relative to P1 line, there is no means of camera detection in the back end.

[0006] For example, patent CN120662958A discloses a laser scribing device and a laser scribing system, which is provided with a detection camera to confirm the distance between adjacent etching scribes to evaluate the scribe effect of the coated glass, so as to dynamically determine the scribe quality to improve the process. However, the detection camera in this patent only detects the effect after scribing, and does not provide means and inspiration for how to realize feedback of the front-end scribing process according to the detected effect and real-time adjustment, and cannot control the front-end laser for adjustment in real time without linkage with the front-end positioning camera and laser.

[0007] The disclosure of the above background art is only used to assist in understanding the inventive concept and technical solutions of the present application, and does not necessarily belong to the prior art of the present application. In the absence of explicit evidence that the above-mentioned content has been disclosed before the filing date of the present application, the above-mentioned background art should not be used to evaluate the novelty and inventiveness of the present application. SUMMARY

[0008] Therefore, in order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the purpose of the present application is to provide an improved control method for laser scribing trajectory of solar cells, which realizes front-looking of the front-end camera path by setting two cameras in parallel but not coaxial, detects and feeds back to the front-end in real time for linkage and control, and improves the scribing precision.

[0009] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present application adopts the following technical solutions: A control method for laser scribing trajectory of solar cells, the laser scribing includes a first line, a second line and a third line, the scribing direction is a first direction, and the direction perpendicular to the scribing is a second direction, the control method includes the following steps: A first camera and a second camera are arranged on both sides of the laser along the first direction, the first camera, the second camera and the laser are located on the same vertical plane; the axis of the first camera, the axis of the second camera and the axis of the laser are arranged in parallel, and are all perpendicular to the solar cell, the first camera, the second camera and the laser move synchronously; along the first direction, the distance between the first camera and the laser is L; The first camera is used to acquire reference line data at a distance L in front of the laser, and send the reference line data and corresponding position data to a control device, the control device controls the laser to move to the position corresponding to the position data in the first direction, and compensates and scribes in the second direction based on the reference line data and a preset line spacing, so that the laser scribes along the reference line; The second camera is used to acquire a current line spacing between the current processing line and the reference line, and send the current line spacing to the control device, the control device compares the current line spacing with the preset line spacing, the control device obtains correction data according to the comparison result, and the laser moves in the second direction based on the correction data and the reference line data of the first camera while moving in the first direction, so that the current line spacing is within the range of the preset line spacing. That is, the first camera is used for path foresight, the second camera is used for detection of the marking effect, and feedback is fed to the front end, so that the laser is adjusted in real time based on the data of the first camera and the detection result of the second camera.

[0010] According to some preferred embodiments of the present application, the focusing positions of the first camera and the second camera are located on the same horizontal plane as the focal position of the laser spot.

[0011] According to some preferred embodiments of the present application, when the current processing line is the second line, the reference line is the first line, and when the current processing line is the third line, the reference line is the second line or the first line.

[0012] According to some preferred embodiments of the present application, the reference line data is coordinate data of the reference line in the second direction, and the control device controls the laser to move after adding a fixed compensation amount of the preset line spacing to the coordinate data, to realize marking with a fixed line spacing from the reference line.

[0013] According to some preferred embodiments of the present application, the position data is position information of the first camera when acquiring the reference line data in the first direction, which serves as a trigger condition for the laser to compensate a fixed compensation amount of the preset line spacing corresponding to the reference line data in the second direction.

[0014] According to some preferred embodiments of the present application, the comparison result is that the current line spacing is less than the preset line spacing, indicating that the fixed compensation amount is not enough, and an additional compensation amount is obtained by subtracting the fixed compensation amount from the current line spacing. The second camera sends the additional compensation amount to the control device, the control device couples the fixed compensation amount and the additional compensation amount to obtain a modified compensation amount, and controls the laser to move based on the modified compensation amount, so that the laser moves in the second direction away from the reference line based on the additional compensation amount on the basis of moving in the first direction based on the reference line data of the first camera and the fixed compensation amount, so that the current line spacing between the current processing line and the reference line is within the range of the preset line spacing.

[0015] According to some preferred embodiments of the present application, when the comparison result is that the current line spacing is greater than the preset line spacing, it indicates that the fixed compensation is too large, and the reverse compensation is obtained by subtracting the current line spacing from the fixed compensation, the second camera sends the reverse compensation to the control device, the control device obtains the modified compensation by coupling the fixed compensation and the reverse compensation, and controls the laser to move based on the modified compensation, so that the laser moves in the second direction to approach the reference line based on the reverse compensation on the basis of moving in the first direction based on the reference line data of the first camera and the fixed compensation, so that the current line spacing between the current processing line and the reference line is within the range of the preset line spacing.

[0016] The present application also provides a scribing method of a solar cell including the control method of the solar cell laser scribing track and a scribing system for performing the scribing method of the solar cell, characterized in that.

[0017] According to some preferred embodiments of the present application, the scribing system includes a laser, a first camera, a second camera, a control device, and a driving device for controlling the movement of the laser according to the instructions of the control device.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the control method of the solar cell laser scribing track of the present application has the following advantages: two cameras are arranged on both sides of the laser, the first camera is used for path foresight, and the second camera is used for scribing effect detection and feedback to the front end, the control device controls the laser to make real-time adjustment based on the data of the first camera and the detection result of the second camera, and the quality and overall performance of the solar cell are improved. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0019] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application, the drawings needed in the embodiment description will be briefly introduced as follows. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor.

[0020] Figure 1 The structure diagram of the scribing system of the solar cell in the embodiments of the present application is shown. Figure 2 The scribing enlarged view of the solar cell controlled by the control method of the solar cell laser scribing track in the embodiments of the present application is shown. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0021] In order for those skilled in the technical field to better understand the technical solutions of the present application, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be described clearly and completely below in combination with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor should fall within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0022] As shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2 The scribing system of the solar cell in the present embodiment is used to perform the laser scribing method of the solar cell and the control method of the laser scribing track, and includes a laser, a first camera, a second camera, a control device and a driving device. The laser is used to perform laser scribing, and the scribe includes a first line, a second line and a third line. In the present application, the direction of the scribe is set as a first direction (Y direction), and the direction perpendicular to the scribe is set as a second direction (X direction). The first camera and the second camera are arranged on the two sides of the laser along the first direction, and the three are located on the same vertical plane. The first camera is used to perform path foresight, and the second camera is used to perform detection of the scribe effect. The axial lines of the first camera, the second camera and the laser are arranged in parallel, and are all perpendicular to the solar cell. The first camera, the second camera and the laser move synchronously. Along the first direction, the distance between the first camera and the laser is L. The focusing positions of the first camera and the second camera and the focal point position of the laser spot are located on the same horizontal plane. The driving device is used to control the movement of the laser according to the instructions of the control device, and the driving device is coaxially arranged with the laser.

[0023] Based on the above-mentioned scribing system of the solar cell, the control method of the laser scribing track of the solar cell in the present embodiment includes the following steps: Step 1, arranging the camera The first camera and the second camera are arranged on the two sides of the laser along the first direction, and the first camera, the second camera and the laser are located on the same vertical plane. The axial lines of the first camera, the second camera and the laser are arranged in parallel, and are all perpendicular to the solar cell. The first camera, the second camera and the laser move synchronously. Along the first direction, the distance between the first camera and the laser is L.

[0024] In the present application, the camera and the laser are arranged in parallel and non-coaxially. Before processing, the offset amount in the first direction between the first camera and the laser, i.e. the above-mentioned distance L, needs to be calibrated.

[0025] Step 2, scribing of the first line (P1) In the P1 process, since the battery piece has not been laser scribed, there is no need to perform path foresight of the first camera and follow-up scribing operation of the laser in the P1 process. In the P1 process, the second camera is mainly relied on to detect the scribing effect, and if it is found that the line width is out of or does not reach the standard range, the system will prompt an alarm and enter the corresponding processing flow.

[0026] Meanwhile, in the detection field of view of the second camera, at least two first lines on the solar cell will be captured, and the second camera will monitor the line spacing between adjacent first lines in real time and feed back to the control device, so as to ensure that the distance between adjacent first lines is within the set value range, and the control device will perform abnormal alarm if the distance exceeds the set value range.

[0027] Step 3, scribing of the second line (P2) In the P2 process, the current processing line is the second line, and the reference line is the first line. During processing, the camera in the positive direction of the laser, i.e. the first camera, is responsible for path tracking, and the camera in the negative direction, i.e. the second camera, is responsible for dead zone monitoring.

[0028] 3.1, path tracking The first camera is located at the front end of the laser, and is used to obtain the reference line data at a distance L in front of the laser, and send the reference line data and the corresponding position data to the control device. The control device controls the laser to move to the position corresponding to the position data in the first direction, and based on the reference line data and the preset line spacing, compensates and scribes in the second direction, so that the laser follows the reference line to scribe.

[0029] The data packet sent by the first camera each time includes the position data of the first camera at this time (the position in the first direction) and the reference line data corresponding to the position (the coordinate data in the second direction of the scribing line). The first direction (Y direction) coordinates in the position data in the adjacent two data packets have intersection, so as to avoid omission of data. That is, the minimum value of the first direction coordinate in the position data in the current data packet is less than or equal to the maximum value of the first direction coordinate in the position data in the last data packet, so as to realize full coverage of the first direction data.

[0030] The reference line data is the coordinate data of the reference line in the second direction (X direction), and the control device controls the laser to move to the coordinate position in the first direction corresponding to the coordinate data, and then moves in the second direction after adding a fixed compensation amount of the preset line spacing to the coordinate data, so as to realize scribing with a fixed line spacing from the reference line.

[0031] That is, the position data is the position information of the first camera when obtaining the reference line data in the first direction, which serves as a trigger condition for the laser to compensate a fixed compensation amount corresponding to the reference line data in the second direction.

[0032] In specific implementation, the first camera captures an image, and first performs filtering on the image to filter out interference in the image itself, and then performs binary extraction, so that the line edges of the laser scribe are in a black state, and points in a threshold interval are extracted to obtain a series of discrete points. Linear regression is performed on the discrete points in different intervals to obtain a processing line. The coordinates of the points on the processing line in the second direction (X direction) and the first direction (Y direction) are packaged into a data packet and directly sent to the control device. The control device controls the laser to move to the corresponding Y direction coordinate, and performs scribing on the corresponding reference line X direction coordinate by adding a fixed compensation amount corresponding to the set line spacing, so as to achieve the purpose of scribing along the reference line.

[0033] 3.2, dead zone monitoring The second camera is located at the rear end of the laser, and is configured to obtain a current line spacing between the current processing line and the reference line, and send the current line spacing to the control device. The control device compares the current line spacing with the preset line spacing, and generates correction data according to the comparison result. The laser moves in the second direction based on the correction data and the reference line data of the first camera while moving in the first direction, so that the current line spacing is within the range of the preset line spacing. That is, the second camera is configured to detect the scribing effect and feed back to the front end, so that the laser is adjusted in real time based on the data of the first camera and the detection result of the second camera. Specifically, the following cases are included: 1) If the comparison result is that the current line spacing is less than the preset line spacing, it means that the fixed compensation amount is not enough. An additional compensation amount is obtained by subtracting the fixed compensation amount from the current line spacing. The second camera sends the additional compensation amount to the control device. The control device couples the fixed compensation amount and the additional compensation amount to obtain a modified compensation amount. The laser is controlled to move based on the modified compensation amount, so that the laser moves away from the reference line in the second direction based on the additional compensation amount on the basis of the previous movement of the laser in the first direction based on the reference line data of the first camera and the fixed compensation amount, so that the current line spacing between the current processing line and the reference line is within the range of the preset line spacing.

[0034] 2) If the comparison result is that the current line spacing is greater than the preset line spacing, it means that the fixed compensation amount is too large. An inverse compensation amount is obtained by subtracting the current line spacing from the fixed compensation amount. The second camera sends the inverse compensation amount to the control device. The control device couples the fixed compensation amount and the inverse compensation amount to obtain a modified compensation amount. The laser is controlled to move based on the modified compensation amount, so that the laser moves towards the reference line in the second direction based on the inverse compensation amount on the basis of the previous movement of the laser in the first direction based on the reference line data of the first camera and the fixed compensation amount, so that the current line spacing between the current processing line and the reference line is within the range of the preset line spacing.

[0035] By setting the front and rear cameras, the second camera can monitor the execution state of the driving device according to the effect of the scribing after the driving device makes corresponding adjustments according to the data of the first camera. The first camera is responsible for path following, and the second camera not only performs the function of scribing effect detection, but also controls the line spacing after the first camera follows the machining, such as the line spacing from P2 to P1 or the line spacing from P3 to P1 or the line spacing from P3 to P2. If the line spacing is within the correctable threshold range, the second camera will calculate the difference between the current line spacing detected and the preset line spacing to obtain an additional compensation or a reverse compensation. After coupling the additional compensation or the reverse compensation with the fixed compensation, a correction compensation is obtained, and the correction compensation is applied to the following data of the first camera, realizing the linkage and closed-loop control of the first camera, the second camera and the laser. Unlike the open-loop control mode of the traditional scheme, real-time detection, control and adjustment can be realized, and the precision is higher. The scribing enlarged view of the solar cell controlled by the solar cell laser scribing trajectory control method in the embodiment is shown in Figure 2 . Figure 2 The left line in the middle is the first line (P1 scribing), and the rear line is the second line (P2 scribing), which are almost completely parallel.

[0036] At the same time, in addition to monitoring the current line spacing, the second camera will also monitor the line width of the current machining line. The data of the line width reflects the processing state of the laser processing, such as the shape and focus. When the line width is greater than the set threshold for a long time, the second camera will actively send an abnormal signal to the control device. The control device will send an abnormal alarm after receiving the abnormal signal. This is the prior art in the field, and will not be repeated here.

[0037] Step 4, scribing of the third line (P3) When the current machining line is the third line, the reference line is the second line or the first line. The specific scribing steps are basically the same as step 3, and will not be repeated here.

[0038] The scribing system and scribing method of the present application, by arranging two cameras on both sides of the laser, different from the single camera mode of the remaining scheme, the double camera not only ensures the advance of the path lookahead camera relative to the laser trajectory drive motor, but also increases the online monitoring and real-time linkage, regulation and control function. The two cameras adopt the installation mode of vertical downward from front to back, the camera and the laser always keep a fixed distance, at the same time, the double camera is in real-time acquisition during scribing, and through the edge calculation processing mode, it does not need to upload the image data to the upper computer, only gives a compensation data, the data volume is small, does not occupy the load of the system, the load of the whole system is small, can realize the real-time work of the front and rear double cameras, and realizes the data interaction and linkage through the control device. Realize real-time "detection-machining-quality detection" closed loop control. The control scheme of the present application can realize lookahead of machining path, and can also realize real-time detection after machining. The quality control of the whole process has great improvement effect.

[0039] The above examples are only for illustrating the technical concept and characteristics of the present application, the purpose is to enable those skilled in the art to understand the content of the present application and to implement it, and cannot limit the protection scope of the present application. Any equivalent changes or modifications made according to the spirit and essence of the present application should be covered within the protection scope of the present application.

[0040] The endpoints of the ranges and any values disclosed herein are not limited to the precise values recited. The ranges or values should be interpreted as being approximate. Values that are near to or fall within a range that is disclosed should be considered to be within the range. For ranges of values, the endpoints of the ranges are included within the range. The endpoints of the ranges can be combined with the individual points to form new ranges.

Claims

1. A method of controlling a laser scribe trajectory of a solar cell, the laser scribe comprising a first line, a second line and a third line, a scribe direction being a first direction, a direction perpendicular to the scribe being a second direction, characterized in that, The control method comprises the following steps: A first camera and a second camera are arranged on both sides of the laser along a first direction, the axis of the first camera, the axis of the second camera and the axis of the laser are arranged in parallel and are perpendicular to the solar cell, and the first camera, the second camera and the laser move synchronously; along the first direction, the distance between the first camera and the laser is L; The first camera is used to acquire reference line data at a distance L in front of the laser, and send the reference line data and corresponding position data to a control device; the control device controls the laser to move to a position corresponding to the position data in the first direction, and based on the reference line data and a preset line spacing, compensates and scribes in the second direction, so that the laser scribes along the reference line; The second camera is used to acquire a current line spacing between a current processing line and the reference line, and send the current line spacing to the control device; the control device compares the current line spacing with the preset line spacing, and obtains correction data according to the comparison result; the laser moves in the first direction while moving in the second direction based on the correction data and the reference line data of the first camera, so that the current line spacing is within the range of the preset line spacing.

2. The control method according to claim 1, characterized by, The focusing positions of the first camera and the second camera and the focal point position of the laser spot are located on the same horizontal plane.

3. The control method according to claim 1, characterized by, When the current processing line is the second line, the reference line is the first line, and when the current processing line is the third line, the reference line is the second line or the first line.

4. The control method according to claim 1, characterized by, The reference line data is coordinate data of the reference line in the second direction, and the control device controls the laser to move after adding a fixed compensation amount of the preset line spacing to the coordinate data, so as to realize scribing with a fixed line spacing between the reference line.

5. The control method according to claim 1, characterized by, The position data is position information of the first camera in the first direction when acquiring the reference line data, which serves as a trigger condition for the laser to compensate a fixed compensation amount of the preset line spacing corresponding to the reference line data in the second direction.

6. The control method according to claim 1, characterized by, When the comparison result is that the current line spacing is less than the preset line spacing, it indicates that the fixed compensation amount is insufficient, an additional compensation amount is obtained by subtracting the fixed compensation amount from the current line spacing, the second camera sends the additional compensation amount to the control device, the control device couples the fixed compensation amount and the additional compensation amount to obtain a modified compensation amount, and controls the movement of the laser in the second direction based on the modified compensation amount, so that the current line spacing between the current processing line and the reference line is within the range of the preset line spacing.

7. The control method according to claim 1, characterized by, When the comparison result is that the current line spacing is greater than the preset line spacing, it indicates that the fixed compensation amount is too large, a reverse compensation amount is obtained by subtracting the fixed compensation amount from the current line spacing, the second camera sends the reverse compensation amount to the control device, the control device couples the fixed compensation amount and the reverse compensation amount to obtain a modified compensation amount, and controls the movement of the laser in the second direction based on the modified compensation amount, so that the current line spacing between the current processing line and the reference line is within the range of the preset line spacing.

8. A scribing method of a solar cell, characterized by, The control method of the laser scribing trajectory of the solar cell according to any one of claims 1-7.

9. A scribing system for a solar cell, characterized by, A scribing method for performing a solar cell as claimed in claim 8.

10. The scribe system of claim 9, wherein, The laser, the first camera, the second camera, the control device and the driving device are used to control the laser to move according to the instruction of the control device.

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