Pig compound feed added with fresh pennisetum sinese as well as preparation method and application of pig compound feed

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of breeding, and particularly relates to a compound feed added with fresh pennisetum sinese and used for pigs and a preparation method and application of the compound feed. The feed consists of 40-50 parts by weight of fresh pennisetum sinese and 50-60 parts by weight of basic feed for pigs. Harvesting the fresh pennisetum sinese when the plant height is 1.5 m, and chopping to be less than 1cm; the basic feed comprises corn, soybean meal, premix and other raw materials, and the premix provides various vitamins and minerals. During preparation, the fresh pennisetum sinese and the basic feed are uniformly mixed according to the proportion. The feed is applied to pig breeding, and tests show that in the feeding period of 90 days, the added fresh pennisetum sinese can partially replace a basic feed and reduce the feed intake of the basic feed, the daily average weight gain of pigs is similar to that of a group without the fresh pennisetum sinese, the feed has no significant adverse effect on the growth performance, and the feed has the advantages of saving the feed cost and improving the resource utilization rate.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of aquaculture technology, specifically relating to a compound feed for pigs with added fresh giant reed grass, its preparation method, and its application. Background Technology

[0002] In modern pig farming, intensive farming has become the dominant model, with pigs primarily relying on corn-soybean meal-based basal diets for nutrition. As a major global pig-producing country, my country consumes a massive amount of feed grains. With the continued development of the livestock industry, the rigid growth in feed grain demand and fluctuations in feed prices are increasingly attracting attention, not only driving up farming costs but also posing potential pressure on food security. Against this backdrop, promoting the reduction and substitution of corn and soybean meal in feed has become an important development direction for the industry. It is urgent to fully explore new high-quality feed resources, reduce the proportion of feed grains, and promote the sustainable development of pig farming.

[0003] Currently, exploration of alternative resources for pig feed within the industry remains relatively limited, with related research mainly focusing on alfalfa, elephant grass, and Napier grass, among other Napier grass species. However, these crops generally suffer from limited planting scale and insufficient feed usage, and lack comprehensive advantages in terms of nutrient preservation, processing costs, and palatability, making it difficult to meet the substitution needs of large-scale pig farming. Therefore, a widely applicable application model has not yet been established.

[0004] Giant reed grass, as a crop with outstanding characteristics, has a broad planting base and mature application conditions, providing a good premise for its development as a new type of pig feed. This crop has high yield, rich crude protein content, ample moisture in its fresh state, a complete range of vitamins, a natural aroma, and excellent palatability. After being crushed and processed, it is easily consumed and digested by pigs. Compared with traditional hay powder, fresh giant reed grass has significant advantages as feed: firstly, it retains natural nutrients to the maximum extent, avoiding nutrient loss during the drying process; secondly, its processing energy consumption is low, the process is simple, and it is easier to promote and apply in large-scale farming.

[0005] In summary, the excellent characteristics and practical advantages of giant reed grass make it a new type of feed resource with development value. Therefore, developing compound feed for pigs with added fresh giant reed grass, and establishing its preparation methods and application system, is of great significance for alleviating the contradiction between feed supply and demand, reducing breeding costs, improving pork quality, and promoting the green and sustainable development of the pig farming industry, with broad application prospects. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In view of this, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a pig compound feed with added fresh giant privet grass, its preparation method and application.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: A pig feed supplemented with fresh giant reed grass, which consists of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 40-50 parts by weight of fresh giant reed grass and 50-60 parts by weight of basal pig feed. The fresh giant grass is harvested when the plant reaches a height of 1.5m and immediately chopped to less than 1cm using a fresh grass cutter; The raw material composition and mass percentage of the basal pig feed are as follows: corn 65%~75%, wheat bran 0~8%, soybean meal 15%~20%, salt 0.2%~0.4%, limestone powder 0.5%~1%, dicalcium phosphate 0.5%~1.2%, L-lysine hydrochloride 0.1%~0.6%, and premix 0.8%~1.2%. Preferably, the raw material composition and mass percentage of the basal pig feed are as follows: corn 73%, wheat bran 8%, soybean meal 16%, salt 0.2%, limestone powder 0.6%, dicalcium phosphate 1%, L-lysine hydrochloride 0.2%, and premix 1%; The premixed feed provides the following nutrients per kilogram of basal pig feed: Vitamin A 2000-4000 IU, Vitamin D3 200-500 IU, Vitamin E 20-50 mg, Vitamin K3 0.5-1 mg, Vitamin B1 2-4 mg, Vitamin B2 3-5 mg, Vitamin B5 10-15 mg, Vitamin B6 1-3 mg, and Vitamin B2. 12 0.01~0.02mg, Biotin 0.05~0.15mg, Folic Acid 0.3~0.5mg, Niacin 15~20mg, Choline 500~1000mg, Iron 60~100mg, Copper 5~10mg, Zinc 80~120mg, Manganese 3~5mg, Iodine 0.1~0.4mg, Selenium 0.2~0.5mg.

[0008] Preferably, the premix provides the following nutrients per kilogram of basal pig feed: Vitamin A 2250 IU, Vitamin D3 270 IU, Vitamin E 22.5 mg, Vitamin K3 0.75 mg, Vitamin B1 2.25 mg, Vitamin B2 3.75 mg, Vitamin B5 13.50 mg, Vitamin B6 1.50 mg, and Vitamin B2. 12 0.02mg, Biotin 0.12mg, Folic Acid 0.45mg, Niacin 18mg, Choline 680mg, Iron 90mg, Copper 6mg, Zinc 97.5mg, Manganese 4.5mg, Iodine 0.23mg, Selenium 0.38mg.

[0009] The above-mentioned method for preparing a pig compound feed with added fresh giant reed grass includes the following steps: accurately weighing fresh giant reed grass and pig basal feed according to the ratio, and putting them into a mixer to mix thoroughly until uniform, thus obtaining the pig compound feed with added fresh giant reed grass.

[0010] The above-mentioned application of a pig feed containing fresh giant reed in pig farming.

[0011] The significant advantages of this invention are: 1) Significantly saves feed costs: Fresh giant reed grass can effectively replace part of the basic feed mainly composed of corn and soybean meal. Without significantly affecting the growth performance of pigs, it directly reduces the consumption of expensive commercial feed, resulting in outstanding economic benefits.

[0012] 2) Achieve efficient use of resources: Using high-yield and high-quality giant reed grass as feed raw material broadens the feed sources, reduces dependence on traditional grain feed, and is in line with the development direction of grain-saving animal husbandry.

[0013] 3) Promote ecological and healthy farming: Fresh giant reed grass, as a green fodder, is rich in dietary fiber and a variety of active substances, which helps improve the intestinal health of pigs, improve feed utilization efficiency, and may improve meat quality. Detailed Implementation

[0014] To make the content of this invention easier to understand, the technical solution of this invention will be further described below with reference to specific embodiments, but this invention is not limited thereto.

[0015] Example 1: Planting, field management, harvesting and processing of giant reed grass Giant reed grass, due to its core advantages such as rapid growth rate, high biomass, rich crude protein and sugar content, wide adaptability, and low content of anti-nutritional factors, has been widely cultivated as a high-quality forage grass, pasture, and ecological restoration material. This embodiment of the giant reed grass planting method follows the "Technical Specifications for Forage Grass Cultivation" (DB35 / T 1483-2014). The quantitative relationship between planting area and feed consumption in livestock farms is as follows: Area (mu) = Feed consumption in livestock farms (kg) × 0.2 × 6 ÷ 2000 (kg grass / mu). The final formula for calculating the recommended planting area is derived as follows: Recommended planting area (mu) = Feed consumption in livestock farms (kg) × 0.0006; where: 0.2 is the proportion of fresh forage grass replacing pig feed; 6 is the coefficient for converting dry feed weight to fresh grass weight; and 2000 kg is the standard yield per mu when giant reed grass grows to a height of 1.5 meters.

[0016] Compared to other gramineous forage grasses, giant reed grass has significant advantages in yield and crude protein content. Under suitable soil and water conditions and with field management following the above guidelines, fresh grass with excellent nutritional value can be obtained. The nutritional composition of giant reed grass is closely related to its growth stage and plant height: its nutritional value is highest when it grows to about 40-60 days old and reaches a height of about 1.5m, making it suitable for use as feed for fattening pigs and poultry. Preliminary trials have shown that the crude protein content (on a dry matter basis) of giant reed grass at this stage can reach 14%-16%. Considering nutritional value, palatability, and yield, it is recommended that giant reed grass used for pig feed be harvested when the plant height is less than 1.5m.

[0017] Therefore, when the giant reed plants reach a height of 1.5m, they should be harvested promptly and immediately chopped to less than 1cm using a fresh grass cutter. It is recommended to use a fresh grass shredder (such as model 9ZF2T) for processing. Its main technical parameters are: rotation speed 3800r / min, working diameter 500mm, power 11~15kW, equipment weight 210kg, and production efficiency 1500kg / h.

[0018] Example 2: Preparation of basal diet for pigs This embodiment provides a basal diet for pigs, the composition and weight percentage of which are as follows: corn 73%, wheat bran 8%, soybean meal 16%, salt 0.2%, limestone powder 0.6%, dicalcium phosphate 1%, L-lysine hydrochloride 0.2%, and premix 1%. The premix provides the following nutrients per kilogram of basal diet: vitamin A 2250 IU, vitamin D3 270 IU, vitamin E 22.5 mg, vitamin K3 0.75 mg, vitamin B1 2.25 mg, vitamin B2 3.75 mg, vitamin B5 13.50 mg, vitamin B6 1.50 mg, and vitamin B... 12 0.02mg, Biotin 0.12mg, Folic Acid 0.45mg, Niacin 18mg, Choline 680mg, Iron 90mg, Copper 6mg, Zinc 97.5mg, Manganese 4.5mg, Iodine 0.23mg, Selenium 0.38mg.

[0019] The preparation method of this basal pig feed is as follows: accurately weigh corn, wheat bran, soybean meal, salt, limestone powder, dicalcium phosphate, L-lysine hydrochloride and premix according to the above ratio, and put them into a mixer and stir thoroughly until they are evenly mixed.

[0020] Example 3: Preparation of compound feed for pigs This embodiment provides a compound feed for pigs, the raw material composition of which is: 40 parts by weight of fresh giant reed grass and 60 parts by weight of basal pig feed. The fresh giant reed grass is harvested when the plant reaches a height of 1.5m and immediately chopped to less than 1cm using a fresh grass cutter. The basal pig feed formula is the same as in Embodiment 2, containing 73% corn, 8% wheat bran, 16% soybean meal, 0.2% salt, 0.6% limestone powder, 1% dicalcium phosphate, 0.2% L-lysine hydrochloride, and 1% premix. Each kilogram of basal feed contains the premix providing 2250 IU of vitamin A, 270 IU of vitamin D3, 22.5 mg of vitamin E, 0.75 mg of vitamin K3, 2.25 mg of vitamin B1, 3.75 mg of vitamin B2, 13.50 mg of vitamin B5, 1.50 mg of vitamin B6, and 1% of vitamin B1. 12 0.02mg, Biotin 0.12mg, Folic Acid 0.45mg, Niacin 18mg, Choline 680mg, Iron 90mg, Copper 6mg, Zinc 97.5mg, Manganese 4.5mg, Iodine 0.23mg, Selenium 0.38mg.

[0021] The preparation method of this pig compound feed is as follows: accurately weigh the chopped fresh giant mushroom grass and the basic pig feed according to the ratio, put them into a mixer and stir them thoroughly until uniform.

[0022] Example 4: To verify the feeding effect of the large-scale feed, the applicant conducted a field trial at the pig farm. Twenty 6-month-old Guizhou Congjiang Xiang pigs were randomly divided into two groups, with five replicates in each group and two pigs (one male and one female) per replicate. There was no significant difference in initial weight between replicates. The control group was fed the basal pig diet of Example 2, while the experimental group was fed the compound pig feed of Example 3. The trial period was 90 days. Pigs were fed twice daily at 8:00 AM and 5:00 PM, with free access to water. Other management practices followed standard pig farm procedures. The feed intake and uneaten feed were recorded daily for each replicate during the trial. The pigs were weighed on an empty stomach at 8:00 AM before and after the trial. Simultaneously, feed intake, weight changes, diarrhea, morbidity, and mortality were continuously observed and recorded for each group.

[0023] The results are shown in the table below. During the 90-day trial, the initial average weights of the Guizhou Congjiang Xiang pigs in the experimental and control groups were similar (27.65 kg and 27.55 kg, respectively). At the end of the trial, the average weight of the control group (60.86 kg) was slightly higher than that of the experimental group (60.56 kg), and its average daily weight gain (370.11 g) was also slightly higher than that of the experimental group (365.67 g). Regarding feed intake, the daily basal feed intake of the experimental group (1.18 kg) was slightly lower than that of the control group (1.29 kg), but the experimental group received additional fresh giant reed grass daily, while the control group did not. With final weight and average daily weight gain being close, the experimental group, by consuming fresh giant reed grass, correspondingly reduced the consumption of basal feed, indicating that fresh giant reed grass can partially replace basal feed without significantly adversely affecting the growth performance of the pigs.

[0024]

[0025] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. All equivalent changes and modifications made within the scope of the claims of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A pig feed supplemented with fresh giant reed grass, characterized in that: It consists of the following ingredients in parts by weight: 40-50 parts fresh giant reed grass and 50-60 parts basal feed for pigs.

2. The pig feed with added fresh giant reed as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The fresh giant grass was harvested when the plant reached a height of 1.5m and immediately chopped to less than 1cm using a fresh grass cutter.

3. The pig feed with added fresh giant reed as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The raw material composition and mass percentage of the basal pig feed are as follows: corn 65%~75%, wheat bran 0~8%, soybean meal 15%~20%, salt 0.2%~0.4%, limestone powder 0.5%~1%, dicalcium phosphate 0.5%~1.2%, L-lysine hydrochloride 0.1%~0.6%, and premix 0.8%~1.2%.

4. The pig feed with added fresh giant reed as described in claim 3, characterized in that: The raw material composition and weight percentage of the basal pig feed are as follows: corn 73%, wheat bran 8%, soybean meal 16%, salt 0.2%, limestone powder 0.6%, dicalcium phosphate 1%, L-lysine hydrochloride 0.2%, and premix 1%.

5. The pig feed with added fresh giant reed as described in claim 3, characterized in that: The premix provides the following nutrients per kilogram of basal pig feed: Vitamin A 2000-4000 IU, Vitamin D3 200-500 IU, Vitamin E 20-50 mg, Vitamin K3 0.5-1 mg, Vitamin B1 2-4 mg, Vitamin B2 3-5 mg, Vitamin B5 10-15 mg, Vitamin B6 1-3 mg, Vitamin B... 12 0.01~0.02mg, Biotin 0.05~0.15mg, Folic Acid 0.3~0.5mg, Niacin 15~20mg, Choline 500~1000mg, Iron 60~100mg, Copper 5~10mg, Zinc 80~120mg, Manganese 3~5mg, Iodine 0.1~0.4mg, Selenium 0.2~0.5mg.

6. The pig feed with added fresh giant reed as described in claim 5, characterized in that: The premix provides the following nutrients per kilogram of basal pig feed: Vitamin A 2250 IU, Vitamin D3 270 IU, Vitamin E 22.5 mg, Vitamin K3 0.75 mg, Vitamin B1 2.25 mg, Vitamin B2 3.75 mg, Vitamin B5 13.50 mg, Vitamin B6 1.50 mg, and Vitamin B2. 12 0.02mg, Biotin 0.12mg, Folic Acid 0.45mg, Niacin 18mg, Choline 680mg, Iron 90mg, Copper 6mg, Zinc 97.5mg, Manganese 4.5mg, Iodine 0.23mg, Selenium 0.38mg.

7. The method for preparing pig compound feed with added fresh giant reed as described in claim 1, characterized in that: Accurately weigh fresh giant reed grass and pig basal feed according to the specified ratio, put them into a mixer and mix thoroughly until uniform to obtain pig compound feed with added fresh giant reed grass.

8. The application of the pig compound feed with added fresh giant reed as described in claim 1 in pig farming.

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