Chirp signal set for Doppler and ranging estimation in cellular communication systems

Abstract

In an aspect, a network device may transmit one or more first sets of first chirp signals in a first bandwidth assigned to an allocated frequency range of the network device for data communication and sensing signals. The network device may transmit one or more second sets of second chirp signals in a second bandwidth of the allocated frequency range, wherein the second bandwidth is greater than the first bandwidth.

Description

BACKGROUND

[0001] 1. TECHNICAL FIELD

[0002] Aspects of the disclosure relate generally to wireless technology.

[0003] 2. RELATED ART

[0004] Wireless communication systems have developed through several generations, including first-generation analog wireless telephones, second-generation (2G) digital wireless telephones, and third-generation (3G) high speed data, Internet-capable wireless phones and fourth-generation (4G) wireless networks. There are many different types of wireless communication systems in use including cellular systems and personal communication service (PCS) systems. Examples of known cellular systems include the cellular analog advanced mobile phone system (AMPS), and digital cellular systems based on code division multiple access (CDMA), frequency division multiple access (FDMA), time division multiple access (TDMA), global system for mobile communications (GSM), and so on.

[0005] The fifth generation (5G) wireless standard, also referred to as New Radio (NR), enables higher data transfer speeds, more capacity, and better coverage than previous standards. According to the Next Generation Mobile Networks Alliance, 5G technology should provide bitrates of tens of megabits per second, peak bitrates of gigabits per second, and system latencies of a few milliseconds. 5G should also be more reliable, support more simultaneous connections, and support machine-to-machine communication. SUMMARY

[0006] The following presents a simplified summary related to one or more aspects disclosed herein. Thus, the following summary should not be considered an extensive overview relating to all contemplated aspects, nor should the following summary be considered to identify key or critical elements relating to all contemplated aspects or to delineate the scope associated with any particular aspect. Accordingly, the following summary has the sole purpose to present certain concepts relating to one or more aspects disclosed herein in a simplified form to precede the detailed description presented below.

[0007] In one aspect, a method of wireless communication performed by a network device includes: transmitting one or more first sets of first chirped signals in a first bandwidth of an allocated frequency range assigned to the network device for data communication and sensing signals; and transmitting one or more second sets of second chirped signals in a second bandwidth of the allocated frequency range, wherein the second bandwidth is greater than the first bandwidth.

[0008] In one aspect, a method of wireless communication performed by a network device includes: measuring one or more first sets of first chirped signals in a first bandwidth of an allocated frequency range assigned to the network device for data communication and sensing signals; and measuring one or more second sets of second chirped signals in a second bandwidth of the allocated frequency range, wherein the second bandwidth is greater than the first bandwidth.

[0009] In one aspect, a network device includes one or more memories; one or more transceivers; and one or more processors communicatively coupled to the one or more memories and the one or more transceivers, the one or more processors being individually or in combination configured to: transmit one or more first sets of first chirped signals via the one or more transceivers in a first bandwidth of an allocated frequency range assigned to the network device for data communication and sensing signals; and transmit one or more second sets of second chirped signals via the one or more transceivers in a second bandwidth of the allocated frequency range, wherein the second bandwidth is greater than the first bandwidth.

[0010] In one aspect, a network device includes one or more memories; one or more transceivers; and one or more processors communicatively coupled to the one or more memories and the one or more transceivers, the one or more processors being individually or in combination configured to: measure one or more first sets of first chirped signals in a first bandwidth of an allocated frequency range assigned to the network device for data communication and sensing signals; and measure one or more second sets of second chirped signals in a second bandwidth of the allocated frequency range, wherein the second bandwidth is greater than the first bandwidth.

[0011] In one aspect, a network device includes means for transmitting one or more first sets of first chirped signals in a first bandwidth of an allocated frequency range assigned to the network device for data communication and sensing signals; and means for transmitting one or more second sets of second chirped signals in a second bandwidth of the allocated frequency range, wherein the second bandwidth is greater than the first bandwidth.

[0012] In one aspect, a network device includes means for measuring one or more first sets of first chirped signals in a first bandwidth of an allocated frequency range assigned to the network device for data communication and sensing signals; and means for measuring one or more second sets of second chirped signals in a second bandwidth of the allocated frequency range, wherein the second bandwidth is greater than the first bandwidth.

[0013] In one aspect, a non-transitory computer-readable medium stores computer-executable instructions that, when executed by a network device, cause the network device to: transmit one or more first sets of first chirped signals in a first bandwidth of an allocated frequency range assigned to the network device for data communication and sensing signals; and transmit one or more second sets of second chirped signals in a second bandwidth of the allocated frequency range, wherein the second bandwidth is greater than the first bandwidth.

[0014] In one aspect, a non-transitory computer-readable medium stores computer-executable instructions that, when executed by a network device, cause the network device to: measure one or more first sets of first chirped signals in a first bandwidth of an allocated frequency range assigned to the network device for data communication and sensing signals; and measure one or more second sets of second chirped signals in a second bandwidth of the allocated frequency range, wherein the second bandwidth is greater than the first bandwidth.

[0015] Based on the accompanying drawings and detailed description, other objects and advantages associated with the aspects disclosed herein will be apparent to those skilled in the art. Attached Figure Description

[0016] The accompanying drawings are provided to help describe various aspects of this disclosure, and are provided for illustrative purposes only and not to limit the aspects.

[0017] Figure 1 Example wireless communication systems according to various aspects of this disclosure are illustrated.

[0018] Figure 2A , Figure 2B and Figure 2C Example wireless network architectures based on various aspects of this disclosure are illustrated.

[0019] Figure 3A , Figure 3B and Figure 3C It is a simplified block diagram of several examples of components that can be used in user equipment (UE), base stations and network entities and configured to support communications as taught herein.

[0020] Figure 4 Examples of various positioning methods supported in new radio (NR) according to aspects of this disclosure are illustrated.

[0021] Figure 5 This is a diagram illustrating an example frame structure according to various aspects of this disclosure.

[0022] Figure 6A and Figure 6B Different types of radars according to various aspects of this disclosure are illustrated.

[0023] Figure 7 An example call flow is illustrated for a New Radio (NR)-based sensing process in which sensing parameters are configured for network configuration, according to various aspects of this disclosure.

[0024] Figure 8 A set of example chirped signals are shown according to various aspects of this disclosure.

[0025] Figure 9 The first set of example chirped signals and the second set of example chirped signals according to various aspects of this disclosure are shown.

[0026] Figure 10 The first set of example chirped signals and the second set of example chirped signals according to various aspects of this disclosure are shown.

[0027] Figure 11 The first set of example chirped signals and the second set of example chirped signals according to various aspects of this disclosure are shown.

[0028] Figure 12 Examples of transmissions according to various aspects of this disclosure are shown, wherein multiple sets of chirped signals with the same set characteristics are transmitted at different times using different start frequencies.

[0029] Figure 13 This illustrates a sequence of example operations that can be performed in a single-station sensing scenario according to various aspects of this disclosure.

[0030] Figure 14 This illustrates a sequence of example operations that can be performed in a multi-base sensing context according to various aspects of this disclosure.

[0031] Figure 15 Example methods of wireless communication that can be performed by a network device according to various aspects of this disclosure are illustrated.

[0032] Figure 16 Example methods of wireless communication that can be performed by a network device according to various aspects of this disclosure are illustrated. Detailed Implementation

[0033] Various aspects of this disclosure are provided in the following description and accompanying drawings of various examples provided for illustrative purposes. Alternative aspects may be devised without departing from the scope of this disclosure. Additionally, well-known elements of this disclosure will not be described in detail or will be omitted so as not to obscure the relevant details of this disclosure.

[0034] The various aspects generally relate to a set of chirped signals used for Doppler and ranging estimation of objects in cellular communication systems. Some aspects more specifically relate to a joint communication and sensing system that performs both communication and sensing functions (e.g., radar sensing). In some examples, object sensing can be implemented in a two-step process. The first step may be based on the transmission and sensing of a first set of first chirped signals to initially detect the presence of any moving object in the sensing environment. Since the first chirped signals do not need to provide accurate range information, they may have a limited bandwidth and occupy only a small fraction of the overall bandwidth of the frequency range allocated to the system used for communication and sensing. Once a moving object is detected based on the first chirped signals, the sensing process can proceed to a second step, in which a second set of second chirped signals is transmitted and sensed. The second chirped signals in the second set of second chirped signals have a larger bandwidth than the first chirped signals in the first set of first chirped signals to provide accurate Doppler sensing and range determination for the moving object initially detected using the first set of first chirped signals.

[0035] Specific aspects of the subject matter described in this disclosure can be implemented to achieve one or more of the following potential advantages. In some examples, by limiting the use of high-bandwidth chirped signals to situations where the presence of a moving object has been detected in the sensing environment (e.g., using lower-bandwidth chirped signals), the described techniques more effectively utilize radio resources and the processing power available in an integrated system that performs both communication and sensing functions.

[0036] The terms “exemplary” and / or “example” are used herein to mean “serving as an example, instance, or illustration.” Any aspect described herein as “exemplary” and / or “example” is not necessarily to be construed as superior to or better than other aspects. Similarly, the term “aspects of this disclosure” does not require that all aspects of this disclosure include the features, advantages, or modes of operation discussed.

[0037] Those skilled in the art will understand that any of a variety of different techniques and methods can be used to represent the information and signals described below. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, and chips that may be mentioned throughout the following description can be represented by voltage, current, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or magnetic particles, light fields or optical particles, or any combination thereof, depending in part on the specific application, in part on the desired design, in part on the corresponding technology, and so on.

[0038] Furthermore, many aspects are described according to a sequence of actions to be performed by elements of, for example, a computing device. It will be appreciated that the various actions described herein can be performed by specific circuitry (e.g., an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC)), by program instructions executed by one or more processors, or by a combination of both. Additionally, the sequence of actions described herein can be considered to be entirely embodied in any form of non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing a corresponding set of computer instructions that, when executed, will cause or command the associated processor of the device to perform the functionality described herein. Therefore, various aspects of this disclosure can be embodied in a variety of different forms, all of which are contemplated within the scope of the claimed subject matter. Furthermore, for each aspect described herein, any corresponding form of any such aspect may be described herein as, for example, "logic configured to perform the described actions."

[0039] As used herein, unless otherwise stated, the terms “User Equipment” (UE) and “Base Station” are not intended to be specific or otherwise limited to any particular Radio Access Technology (RAT). Generally, a UE can be any wireless communication device used by a user to communicate over a wireless communication network (e.g., mobile phone, router, tablet computer, laptop computer, consumer asset positioning device, wearable device (e.g., smartwatch, glasses, augmented reality (AR) / virtual reality (VR) headset, etc.), vehicle (e.g., car, motorcycle, bicycle, etc.), Internet of Things (IoT) device, etc.). A UE can be mobile or can (e.g., at certain times) be stationary and can communicate with a Radio Access Network (RAN). As used herein, the term “UE” can be interchangeably referred to as “Access Terminal” or “AT,” “Client Equipment,” “Wireless Equipment,” “Subscriber Equipment,” “Subscriber Terminal,” “Subscriber Station,” “User Terminal” or “UT,” “Mobile Equipment,” “Mobile Terminal,” “Mobile Station,” or variations thereof. Generally, a UE can communicate with a core network via the RAN, and through the core network, a UE can connect to external networks such as the Internet and to other UEs. Of course, other mechanisms for connecting to the core network and / or the Internet are also possible for the UE, such as through wired access networks, wireless local area network (WLAN) networks (e.g., based on the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 standard, etc.).

[0040] A base station may operate according to one of several RATs to communicate with the UE, depending on the network in which it is deployed, and may alternatively be referred to as an Access Point (AP), Network Node, Node B, Evolved Node B (eNB), Next Generation eNB (ng-eNB), New Radio (NR) Node B (also referred to as gNB or gNodeB), etc. The base station may primarily be used to support the UE's radio access, including supporting data, voice, and / or signaling connections for the supported UE. In some systems, the base station may only provide edge node signaling functions, while in others, it may provide additional control and / or network management functions. The communication link through which the UE can transmit signals to the base station is called an uplink (UL) channel (e.g., reverse traffic channel, reverse control channel, access channel, etc.). The communication link through which the base station can transmit signals to the UE is called a downlink (DL) or forward link channel (e.g., paging channel, control channel, broadcast channel, forward traffic channel, etc.). As used herein, the term "traffic channel (TCH)" may refer to an uplink / reverse traffic channel or a downlink / forward traffic channel.

[0041] The term "base station" can refer to a single physical transmit / receive point (TRP) or multiple physical TRPs that may or may not be co-located. For example, when the term "base station" refers to a single physical TRP, the physical TRP can be the antenna of a base station corresponding to a cell (or several cell sectors) of the base station. When the term "base station" refers to multiple co-located physical TRPs, the physical TRP can be the antenna array of the base station (e.g., as in a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system or where the base station employs beamforming). When the term "base station" refers to multiple non-co-located physical TRPs, the physical TRP can be a distributed antenna system (DAS) (a network of spatially separated antennas connected via a transmission medium to a common source) or a remote radio headend (RRH) (a remote base station connected to a serving base station). Alternatively, a non-co-located physical TRP can be the serving base station from which the UE receives measurement reports and a neighboring base station where the UE is measuring its reference radio frequency (RF) signal. Because, as used herein, a TRP is the point by which a base station transmits and receives radio signals, references to transmitting from or receiving at a base station should be understood to refer to a specific TRP of the base station.

[0042] In some specific implementations supporting UE positioning, the base station may not support the UE's radio access (e.g., it may not support data, voice, and / or signaling connections for the UE), but may instead transmit reference signals to the UE for measurement and / or receive and measure signals transmitted by the UE. Such a base station may be referred to as a positioning beacon (e.g., in the case of transmitting signals to the UE) and / or as a location measurement unit (e.g., in the case of receiving and measuring signals from the UE).

[0043] An “RF signal” refers to an electromagnetic wave of a given frequency that transmits information across the space between a transmitter and a receiver. As used herein, a transmitter may send a single “RF signal” or multiple “RF signals” to a receiver. However, due to the propagation characteristics of RF signals through multipath channels, a receiver may receive multiple “RF signals” corresponding to each transmitted RF signal. The same transmitted RF signal on different paths between the transmitter and receiver may be referred to as a “multipath” RF signal. As used herein, an RF signal may also be referred to as a “wireless signal” or simply a “signal” where the context clearly indicates that the term “signal” refers to a wireless signal or an RF signal.

[0044] Figure 1 An example wireless communication system 100 according to various aspects of this disclosure is illustrated. The wireless communication system 100 (which may also be referred to as a wireless wide area network (WWAN)) may include various base stations 102 (labeled "BS") and various UEs 104. Base station 102 may include macro cell base stations (high-power cellular base stations) and / or small cell base stations (low-power cellular base stations). In one aspect, the macro cell base station may include an eNB and / or an ng-eNB (wherein the wireless communication system 100 corresponds to an LTE network), or a gNB (wherein the wireless communication system 100 corresponds to an NR network), or a combination of both, and the small cell base station may include femtocells, picocells, microcells, etc.

[0045] Base station 102 can collectively form a RAN and interface with core network 170 (e.g., evolved packet core (EPC) or 5G core (5GC)) via backhaul link 122, and interface with one or more location servers 172 (e.g., location management function (LMF) or secure user plane location (SUPL) location platform (SLP)) via core network 170. Location server 172 can be part of core network 170 or can be external to core network 170. Location server 172 can be integrated with base station 102. UE 104 can communicate with location server 172 directly or indirectly. For example, UE 104 can communicate with location server 172 via base station 102 currently serving UE 104. UE 104 can also communicate with location server 172 via another path, such as via application server (not shown), via another network, such as via wireless local area network (WLAN) access point (AP) (e.g., AP 150 described below), etc. For signaling purposes, communication between UE 104 and location server 172 can be represented as an indirect connection (e.g., via core network 170, etc.) or a direct connection (e.g., as shown via direct connection 128), wherein intermediate nodes (if present) are omitted from the signaling diagram for clarity.

[0046] In addition to other functions, base station 102 may perform functions associated with one or more of the following: transmitting user data, radio channel encryption and decryption, integrity protection, header compression, mobility control functions (e.g., handover, dual connectivity), inter-cell interference coordination, connection establishment and release, load balancing, distribution of non-access stratum (NAS) messages, NAS node selection, synchronization, RAN sharing, multimedia broadcast multicast service (MBMS), subscriber and equipment tracking, RAN information management (RIM), paging, location, and delivery of warning messages. Base stations 102 may communicate with each other directly or indirectly (e.g., via EPC / 5GC) on backhaul link 134, which may be wired or wireless.

[0047] Base station 102 can wirelessly communicate with UE 104. Each base station in base station 102 can provide communication coverage for a corresponding geographic coverage area 110. In one aspect, one or more cells can be supported by base station 102 in each geographic coverage area 110. A “cell” is a logical communication entity used to communicate with a base station (e.g., via a frequency resource, which is referred to as a carrier frequency, component carrier, carrier, frequency band, etc.) and can be associated with an identifier (e.g., Physical Cell Identifier (PCI), Enhanced Cell Identifier (ECI), Virtual Cell Identifier (VCI), Cell Global Identifier (CGI), etc.) used to distinguish cells operating via the same or different carrier frequencies. In some cases, different cells can be configured according to different protocol types that can provide access for different types of UEs (e.g., Machine Type Communication (MTC), Narrowband IoT (NB-IoT), Enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB), or other protocol types). Because a cell is supported by a specific base station, the term “cell” can refer to either or both of the logical communication entity and the base station supporting the logical communication entity, depending on the context. Furthermore, since the TRP is typically the physical transmission point of a cell, the terms "cell" and "TRP" can be used interchangeably. In some cases, the term "cell" can also refer to the geographical coverage area of ​​a base station (e.g., a sector), as long as the carrier frequency can be detected and used for communication within a portion of the geographical coverage area 110.

[0048] While the geographic coverage areas 110 of adjacent macro cell base stations 102 may partially overlap (e.g., in handover areas), some areas within geographic coverage areas 110 may substantially overlap with larger geographic coverage areas 110. For example, a small cell base station 102' (labeled "SC" for "small cell") may have a geographic coverage area 110' that substantially overlaps with the geographic coverage areas 110 of one or more macro cell base stations 102. A network that includes both small cell base stations and macro cell base stations can be referred to as a heterogeneous network. A heterogeneous network may also include a home eNB (HeNB) that can provide service to a restricted group referred to as a Closed Subscriber Group (CSG).

[0049] The communication link 120 between base station 102 and UE 104 may include uplink (also known as reverse link) transmission from UE 104 to base station 102 and / or downlink (DL) (also known as forward link) transmission from base station 102 to UE 104. The communication link 120 may use MIMO antenna techniques, including spatial multiplexing, beamforming, and / or transmit diversity. The communication link 120 may use one or more carrier frequencies. Carrier allocation may be asymmetric for the downlink and uplink (e.g., more or fewer carriers may be allocated to the downlink compared to the uplink).

[0050] The wireless communication system 100 may also include a WLAN access point (AP) 150 that communicates with a wireless local area network (WLAN) station (STA) 152 via a communication link 154 in unlicensed spectrum (e.g., 5 GHz). When communicating in unlicensed spectrum, the WLAN STA 152 and / or WLAN AP 150 may perform a free channel assessment (CCA) or listen-before-talk (LBT) process before communication to determine whether the channel is available.

[0051] Small cell base station 102' can operate in licensed and / or unlicensed spectrum. When operating in unlicensed spectrum, small cell base station 102' can employ LTE or NR technology and use the same 5GHz unlicensed spectrum as WLAN AP 150. Small cell base station 102' employing LTE / 5G in unlicensed spectrum can improve the coverage and / or increase the capacity of the access network. NR in unlicensed spectrum may be referred to as NR-U. LTE in unlicensed spectrum may be referred to as LTE-U, Licensed Assisted Access (LAA), or MULTEFIRE. ® .

[0052] The wireless communication system 100 may also include a millimeter-wave (mmW) base station 180, which can operate at mmW and / or near-mmW frequencies to communicate with the UE 182. Extremely high frequency (EHF) is a portion of the electromagnetic spectrum that contains radio frequency (RF). EHF has a range of 30 GHz to 300 GHz, with wavelengths between 1 mm and 10 mm. Radio waves in this band can be referred to as millimeter waves. Near-mmW extends down to 3 GHz with wavelengths of 100 mm. Ultra-high frequency (SHF) bands extend between 3 GHz and 30 GHz, and are also referred to as centimeter waves. Communication using mmW / near-mmW radio bands has high path loss and relatively short range. The mmW base station 180 and the UE 182 can utilize beamforming (transmit and / or receive) on the mmW communication link 184 to compensate for the extremely high path loss and short range. Furthermore, it should be understood that, in alternative configurations, one or more base stations 102 may also use mmW or near-mmW and beamforming for transmission. Therefore, it should be understood that the foregoing examples are merely illustrative and should not be construed as limiting the various aspects disclosed herein.

[0053] Transmit beamforming is a technique used to focus RF signals in a specific direction. Traditionally, when a network node (e.g., a base station) broadcasts an RF signal, it broadcasts the signal in all directions (omnidirectionally). Using transmit beamforming, the network node determines where a given target device (e.g., a UE) is located (relative to the transmitting network node) and projects a stronger downlink RF signal in that specific direction, thus providing the receiving device with a faster and stronger RF signal (in terms of data rate). To change the directivity of the RF signal during transmission, the network node can control the phase and relative amplitude of the RF signal at each of one or more transmitters broadcasting the RF signal. For example, the network node can use an array of antennas (called a "phased array" or "antenna array") that forms an RF beam that can be "manipulated" to be pointed in different directions without actually moving the antennas. Specifically, RF currents from the transmitters are fed to individual antennas with the correct phase relationship, such that radio waves from the individual antennas add up in the desired direction to increase radiation, while canceling out in the undesired direction to suppress radiation.

[0054] Transmit beams can be quasi-co-located, meaning they appear to the receiver (e.g., the UE) as having the same parameters regardless of whether the network node's own transmit antennas are physically co-located. In NR, there are four types of quasi-co-located (QCL) relationships. Specifically, a given type of QCL relationship means that certain parameters of a second reference RF signal on a second beam can be derived based on information about the source reference RF signal on the source beam. Therefore, if the source reference RF signal is QCL type A, the receiver can use the source reference RF signal to estimate the Doppler shift, Doppler spread, average delay, and delay spread of the second reference RF signal transmitted on the same channel. If the source reference RF signal is QCL type B, the receiver can use the source reference RF signal to estimate the Doppler shift and Doppler spread of the second reference RF signal transmitted on the same channel. If the source reference RF signal is QCL type C, the receiver can use the source reference RF signal to estimate the Doppler shift and average delay of the second reference RF signal transmitted on the same channel. If the source reference RF signal is of type QCL D, the receiver can use the source reference RF signal to estimate the spatial reception parameters of a second reference RF signal transmitted on the same channel.

[0055] In receive beamforming, a receiver uses a receive beam to amplify an RF signal detected on a given channel. For example, the receiver may increase the gain setting of an antenna array in a particular direction and / or adjust the phase setting of the antenna array in a particular direction to amplify the RF signal received from that direction (e.g., increase its gain level). Therefore, when a receiver is described as performing beamforming in a certain direction, it means that the beam gain in that direction is high relative to the beam gain along other directions, or that the beam gain in that direction is the highest compared to the beam gain of all other receive beams available to the receiver in that direction. This results in a stronger received signal strength (e.g., reference signal received power (RSRP), reference signal received quality (RSRQ), signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR), etc.) of the RF signal received from that direction.

[0056] The transmit and receive beams can be spatially correlated. Spatial correlation means that parameters for a second beam (e.g., transmit or receive beam) for a second reference signal can be derived based on information about a first beam (e.g., receive or transmit beam) for a first reference signal. For example, a UE can use a specific receive beam to receive a reference downlink reference signal (e.g., a synchronization signal block (SSB)) from a base station. The UE can then form a transmit beam for transmitting an uplink reference signal (e.g., a sounding reference signal (SRS)) to that base station based on the parameters of the receive beam.

[0057] It is important to note that, depending on the entity forming the "downlink" beam, the beam can be either a transmit beam or a receive beam. For example, if the base station is forming a downlink beam to transmit a reference signal to the UE, the downlink beam is a transmit beam. However, if the UE is forming a downlink beam, the downlink beam is a receive beam for receiving the downlink reference signal. Similarly, depending on the entity forming the "uplink" beam, the beam can be either a transmit beam or a receive beam. For example, if the base station is forming an uplink beam, the uplink beam is an uplink receive beam, while if the UE is forming an uplink beam, the uplink beam is an uplink transmit beam.

[0058] The electromagnetic spectrum is typically subdivided into various categories, bands, channels, etc., based on frequency / wavelength. In 5G NR, two initial operating bands have been designated as frequency ranges FR1 (410MHz to 7.125GHz) and FR2 (24.25GHz to 52.6GHz). It should be understood that although a portion of FR1 is greater than 6GHz, in various documents and articles, FR1 is often (interchangeably) referred to as the "sub-6GHz" band. A similar naming issue sometimes occurs with FR2, which is often (interchangeably) referred to as the "millimeter wave" band in documents and articles, although this differs from the designation used by the International Telecommunication Union. ® Extremely high frequency (EHF) bands (30 GHz to 300 GHz) are designated as “millimeter wave” bands.

[0059] The frequencies between FR1 and FR2 are generally referred to as intermediate frequency (IF) bands. Recent 5G NR studies have designated the operating bands for these IF bands as the frequency range designation FR3 (7.125 GHz – 24.25 GHz). Bands falling within FR3 can inherit FR1 and / or FR2 characteristics, thus effectively extending the features of FR1 and / or FR2 to IF band frequencies. Furthermore, higher frequency bands are currently being explored to extend 5G NR operation beyond 52.6 GHz. For example, three higher operating bands have been designated as the frequency range designations FR4a or FR4-1 (52.6 GHz to 71 GHz), FR4 (52.6 GHz to 114.25 GHz), and FR5 (114.25 GHz to 300 GHz). Each of these higher frequency bands falls within the EHF band.

[0060] In light of the foregoing, unless otherwise specifically stated, it should be understood that, as used herein, the term "below 6 GHz" and the like can broadly refer to frequencies less than 6 GHz, within FR1, or including intermediate frequency band frequencies. Furthermore, unless otherwise specifically stated, it should be understood that, as used herein, the term "millimeter wave" and the like can broadly refer to frequencies that can include intermediate frequency band frequencies, within FR2, FR4, FR4-a or FR4-1 and / or FR5, or within the EHF band.

[0061] In multi-carrier systems such as 5G, one of the carrier frequencies is referred to as the "primary carrier," "anchor carrier," "primary serving cell," or "PCell," and the remaining carrier frequencies are referred to as "secondary carriers," "secondary serving cells," or "SCell." In carrier aggregation, the anchor carrier is the carrier operating on the primary frequency (e.g., FR1) used by UE 104 / 182 and the cell, where UE 104 / 182 performs an initial Radio Resource Control (RRC) connection establishment procedure or initiates an RRC connection re-establishment procedure. The primary carrier carries all common and UE-specific control channels and can be a carrier on a licensed frequency (however, this is not always the case). The secondary carrier is a carrier operating on a second frequency (e.g., FR2) that can be configured and used to provide additional radio resources once an RRC connection is established between UE 104 and the anchor carrier. In some cases, the secondary carrier can be a carrier on an unlicensed frequency. Secondary carriers may contain only the necessary signaling information and signals. For example, since the primary uplink and primary downlink carriers are typically UE-specific, the UE-specific signaling information and signals may not be present in the secondary carrier. This means that different UEs 104 / 182 within a cell can have different downlink primary carriers. The same applies to the uplink primary carrier. The network can change the primary carrier of any UE 104 / 182 at any time. This is done, for example, to balance the load on different carriers. Since a "serving cell" (whether PCell or SCell) corresponds to the carrier frequency / component carrier through which a base station communicates, the terms "cell," "serving cell," "component carrier," and "carrier frequency" can be used interchangeably.

[0062] For example, still refer to Figure 1One of the frequencies used by macro cell base station 102 can be an anchor carrier (or "PCell"), and the other frequencies used by macro cell base station 102 and / or mmW base station 180 can be secondary carriers ("SCell"). Simultaneous transmission and / or reception on multiple carriers allows UE 104 / 182 to significantly increase its data transmission and / or reception rates. For example, compared to the data rate obtained by a single 20MHz carrier, two aggregated 20MHz carriers in a multi-carrier system would theoretically result in a doubling of the data rate (i.e., 40MHz).

[0063] The wireless communication system 100 may also include a UE 164, which can communicate with the macro cell base station 102 via communication link 120 and / or with the mmW base station 180 via mmW communication link 184. For example, the macro cell base station 102 may support PCells and one or more SCells for the UE 164, and the mmW base station 180 may support one or more SCells for the UE 164.

[0064] In some cases, UE 164 and UE 182 are capable of sidelink communication. A sidelink-capable UE (SL-UE) can communicate with base station 102 via communication link 120 using the Uu interface (i.e., the air interface between the UE and the base station). SL-UEs (e.g., UE 164, UE 182) can also communicate directly with each other via radio sidelink 160 using the PC5 interface (i.e., the air interface between sidelink-capable UEs). Radio sidelink (or simply "sidelink") is an adaptation of core cellular technology (e.g., LTE, NR) standards that allows direct communication between two or more UEs without the need for communication through a base station. Sidelink communication can be unicast or multicast and can be used for device-to-device (D2D) media sharing, vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication, vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication (e.g., cellular V2X (cV2X) communication, enhanced V2X (eV2X) communication, emergency rescue applications, etc. One or more SL-UEs in a group of SL-UEs utilizing sidelink communication may be located within the geographical coverage area 110 of base station 102. Other SL-UEs in this group may be outside the geographical coverage area 110 of base station 102, or may be unable to receive transmissions from base station 102 for other reasons. In some cases, the groups of SL-UEs communicating via sidelink communication may utilize a one-to-many (1:M) system, where each SL-UE transmits to every other SL-UE in the group. In some cases, base station 102 facilitates the scheduling of resources used for sidelink communication. In other cases, sidelink communication is performed between the individual SL-UEs without involving base station 102.

[0065] On one hand, the sidelink 160 can operate via a wireless communication medium of interest that can be shared with other vehicles and / or infrastructure access points and other RATs for wireless communication. "Medium" can include one or more time, frequency, and / or space communication resources (e.g., covering one or more channels across one or more carriers) associated with wireless communication between one or more transmitter / receiver pairs. On another hand, the medium of interest may correspond to at least a portion of unlicensed frequency bands shared among various RATs. While different licensed frequency bands have been reserved for certain communication systems (e.g., by government entities such as the U.S. Federal Communications Commission (FCC), these systems (particularly those employing small cell access points) have recently expanded their operation to unlicensed frequency bands such as those used by wireless local area network (WLAN) technologies (most notably the IEEE 802.11x WLAN technology commonly referred to as "Wi-Fi"). Example systems of this type include various variants of CDMA, TDMA, FDMA, orthogonal FDMA (OFDMA), single-carrier FDMA (SC-FDMA), and so on.

[0066] It should be noted that, although Figure 1 Only two of these UEs are exemplified as SL-UEs (i.e., UE 164 and UE 182), but any UE exemplified can be an SL-UE. Furthermore, although only UE 182 is described as capable of beamforming, any UE exemplified (including UE 164) can be capable of beamforming. When SL-UEs are capable of beamforming, they can beamform towards each other (i.e., towards other SL-UEs), towards other UEs (e.g., UE 104), towards base stations (e.g., base station 102, base station 180, small cell 102', access point 150), etc. Therefore, in some cases, UE 164 and UE 182 can utilize beamforming via sidelink 160.

[0067] exist Figure 1 In the example, the UE shown (for simplicity, in) Figure 1Any UE (shown as a single UE 104) can receive signal 124 from one or more Earth-orbiting spacecraft (SV) 112 (e.g., satellites). In one aspect, SV 112 may be part of a satellite positioning system that allows UE 104 to use as an independent source of location information. Satellite positioning systems typically include a system of transmitters (e.g., SV 112) positioned such that a receiver (e.g., UE 104) can determine its location on or above the Earth based at least in part on positioning signals (e.g., signal 124) received from the transmitters. Such transmitters typically transmit signals marked with a set number of repeating pseudo-random noise (PN) codes. While typically located in SV 112, transmitters may sometimes be located at ground-based control stations, base stations 102, and / or other UEs 104. UE 104 may include one or more dedicated receivers specifically designed to receive signal 124 in order to derive geographic location information from SV 112.

[0068] In a satellite positioning system, the use of signal 124 can be enhanced by various satellite-based augmentation systems (SBAS), which may be associated with or otherwise made capable of being used with one or more global and / or regional navigation satellite systems. For example, SBAS may include augmentation systems that provide integrity information, differential correction, etc., such as Wide Area Augmentation System (WAAS), European Geostationary Navigation Overlap Service (EGNOS), Multifunctional Satellite Augmentation System (MSAS), GPS-assisted geographic augmentation navigation, or GPS and geographic augmentation navigation system (GAGAN). Therefore, as used herein, a satellite positioning system may include any combination of one or more global and / or regional navigation satellites associated with such one or more satellite positioning systems.

[0069] On one hand, SV 112 may additionally or alternatively be part of one or more non-terrestrial networks (NTNs). In an NTN, SV 112 connects to an earth station (also referred to as a ground station, NTN gateway, or gateway), which in turn connects to elements in the 5G network, such as a modified base station 102 (without a ground antenna) or a network node in a 5GC. This element, in turn, provides access to other elements in the 5G network and ultimately to entities outside the 5G network, such as internet web servers and other user equipment. Thus, as a replacement or supplement to communication signals from ground base station 102, UE 104 can receive communication signals (e.g., signal 124) from SV 112.

[0070] The wireless communication system 100 may also include one or more UEs, such as UE 190, which are indirectly connected to one or more communication networks via one or more device-to-device (D2D) peer-to-peer (P2P) links (referred to as "side links"). Figure 1 In one example, UE 190 has a D2D P2P link 192 with one of UEs 104 connected to one of the base stations in base station 102 (e.g., UE 190 can indirectly obtain cellular connectivity through this D2D P2P link), and has a D2D P2P link 194 with a WLAN STA 152 connected to WLAN AP 150 (UE 190 can indirectly obtain WLAN-based Internet connectivity through this D2D P2P link). In one example, D2D P2P links 192 and 194 can utilize any known D2DRAT (such as LTE Direct (LTE-D), Wi-Fi Direct). ® ,Bluetooth ® (etc.) to support.

[0071] Figure 2A An example wireless network architecture 200 is illustrated. For instance, the 5GC 210 (also referred to as the Next Generation Core (NGC)) can be functionally viewed as control plane (C-plane) functions 214 (e.g., UE registration, authentication, network access, gateway selection, etc.) and user plane (U-plane) functions 212 (e.g., UE gateway functions, access to data networks, IP routing, etc.), which work together to form the core network. The user plane interface (NG-U) 213 and the control plane interface (NG-C) 215 connect the gNB 222 to the 5GC 210, specifically to user plane functions 212 and control plane functions 214, respectively. In an additional configuration, the ng-eNB 224 can also connect to the 5GC 210 via the NG-C 215 to the control plane function 214 and the NG-U 213 to the user plane function 212. Furthermore, the ng-eNB 224 can communicate directly with the gNB 222 via a backhaul connection 223. In some configurations, the next-generation RAN (NG-RAN) 220 may have one or more gNBs 222, while other configurations include one or more of both ng-eNBs 224 and gNBs 222. Either or both of the gNBs 222 or ng-eNBs 224 can communicate with one or more UEs 204 (e.g., any of the UEs described herein).

[0072] Another optional aspect may include a location server 230 that can communicate with the 5GC 210 to provide location assistance to the UE 204. The location server 230 may be implemented as multiple separate servers (e.g., physically separate servers, different software modules on a single server, different software modules distributed across multiple physical servers, etc.), or alternatively, each may correspond to a single server. The location server 230 may be configured to support one or more location services for the UE 204 that can be connected to the location server 230 via the core network, the 5GC 210, and / or via the Internet (not illustrated). Furthermore, the location server 230 may be integrated into a component of the core network, or alternatively, may be located outside the core network (e.g., a third-party server, such as an original equipment manufacturer (OEM) server or a service server).

[0073] Figure 2B Another example wireless network architecture 240.5GC 260 is illustrated (which can be used with...). Figure 2AThe 5GC 210 (corresponding to 5GC 210) can be functionally considered as a control plane function provided by the Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) 264 and a user plane function provided by the User Plane Function (UPF) 262, which work together to form the core network (i.e., 5GC 260). The functions of AMF 264 include: registration management, connection management, reachability management, mobility management, lawful interception, transmission of session management (SM) messages between one or more UEs 204 (e.g., any of the UEs described herein) and the Session Management Function (SMF) 266, a transparent proxy service for routing SM messages, access authentication and access authorization, transmission of short message service (SMS) messages between UE 204 and the Short Message Service Function (SMSF) (not shown), and Secure Anchoring Functionality (SEAF). AMF 264 also interacts with the Authentication Server Function (AUSF) (not shown) and UE 204 and receives an intermediate key established as a result of the UE 204's authentication process. In the case of UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System) Subscriber Identity Module (USIM) authentication, AMF 264 retrieves security material from the AMF. AMF 264 also includes Security Context Management (SCM). The SCM receives a key from the SEAF and uses this key to derive an access network-specific key. AMF 264 functionality also includes location service management for regulatory services, transmission of location service messages between UE 204 and Location Management Function (LMF) 270 (which acts as location server 230), transmission of location service messages between NG-RAN 220 and LMF 270, Evolved Packet System (EPS) bearer identifier allocation for EPS interoperability, and UE 204 mobility event notification. Furthermore, AMF 264 also supports non-3GPP... ® (Third Generation Partner Program) Access network functionality.

[0074] The functions of UPF 262 include: acting as an anchor point for intra-RAT / inter-RAT mobility (where applicable), acting as an external Protocol Data Unit (PDU) session point interconnecting to a data network (not shown), providing packet routing and forwarding, packet inspection, user plane policy rule enforcement (e.g., strobing, redirection, traffic steering), lawful eavesdropping (user plane collection), traffic usage reporting, quality of service (QoS) handling for the user plane (e.g., uplink / downlink rate enforcement, reflective QoS marking in the downlink), uplink traffic verification (Service Data Flow (SDF) to QoS flow mapping), transport-level packet marking in the uplink and downlink, downlink packet buffering and downlink data notification triggering, and delivering and forwarding one or more "end markers" to the source RAN node. UPF 262 can also support the delivery of location service messages between UE 204 and location servers (such as SLP 272) on the user plane.

[0075] The functions of SMF 266 include session management, UE Internet Protocol (IP) address allocation and management, selection and control of user plane functions, service orientation configuration at UPF 262 for routing services to the correct destination, partial control of policy enforcement and QoS, and downlink data notification. The interface through which SMF 266 communicates with AMF 264 is called the N11 interface.

[0076] Another optional aspect may include an LMF 270, which can communicate with the 5GC 260 to provide location assistance to the UE 204. The LMF 270 can be implemented as multiple separate servers (e.g., physically separate servers, different software modules on a single server, different software modules distributed across multiple physical servers, etc.), or alternatively, each can correspond to a single server. The LMF 270 can be configured to support one or more location services for the UE 204, which can connect to the LMF 270 via the core network, the 5GC 260, and / or via the Internet (not illustrated). SLP 272 can support similar functions to LMF 270, but while LMF 270 can communicate with AMF 264, NG-RAN 220, and UE 204 on the control plane (e.g., using interfaces and protocols designed to deliver signaling messages rather than voice or data), SLP 272 can communicate with UE 204 and external clients (e.g., third-party server 274) on the user plane (e.g., using protocols designed to carry voice and / or data, such as Transmit Control Protocol (TCP) and / or IP).

[0077] Another optional aspect may include a third-party server 274 that can communicate with LMF 270, SLP 272, 5GC 260 (e.g., via AMF 264 and / or UPF 262), NG-RAN 220, and / or UE 204 to obtain location information (e.g., location estimation) of UE 204. Therefore, in some cases, the third-party server 274 may be referred to as a Location Services (LCS) client or an external client. The third-party server 274 may be implemented as multiple separate servers (e.g., physically separate servers, different software modules on a single server, different software modules distributed across multiple physical servers, etc.), or alternatively, each may correspond to a single server.

[0078] User plane interface 263 and control plane interface 265 connect 5GC 260, and specifically connect UPF 262 and AMF 264 to one or more gNB 222 and / or ng-eNB 224 in NG-RAN 220. The interface between gNB 222 and / or ng-eNB 224 and AMF 264 is referred to as the "N2" interface, while the interface between gNB 222 and / or ng-eNB 224 and UPF 262 is referred to as the "N3" interface. The gNB 222 and / or ng-eNB 224 of NG-RAN 220 can communicate directly with each other via backhaul connection 223, referred to as the "Xn-C" interface. One or more of gNB 222 and / or ng-eNB 224 can communicate with one or more UEs 204 via a radio interface referred to as the "Uu" interface.

[0079] The functionality of the gNB 222 can be divided among the gNB Central Unit (gNB-CU) 226, one or more gNB Distributed Units (gNB-DU) 228, and one or more gNB Radio Units (gNB-RU) 229. The gNB-CU 226 is a logical node that includes base station functions other than those specifically allocated to the gNB-DU 228, including user data delivery, mobility control, radio access network sharing, location, session management, etc. More specifically, the gNB-CU 226 typically hosts the Radio Resource Control (RRC), Serving Data Adaptation Protocol (SDAP), and Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) protocols of the gNB 222. The gNB-DU 228 is a logical node that typically hosts the Radio Link Control (RLC) and Media Access Control (MAC) layers of the gNB 222. Its operation is controlled by the gNB-CU 226. One gNB-DU 228 can support one or more cells, and a cell is supported by only one gNB-DU 228. The interface 232 between gNB-CU 226 and one or more gNB-DU 228 is referred to as the "F1" interface. The physical (PHY) layer functionality of gNB 222 is typically managed by one or more independent gNB-RU 229s, which perform functions such as power amplification and signal transmission / reception. The interface between gNB-DU 228 and gNB-RU 229 is referred to as the "Fx" interface. Therefore, UE 204 communicates with gNB-CU 226 via the RRC, SDAP, and PDCP layers, with gNB-DU 228 via the RLC and MAC layers, and with gNB-RU 229 via the PHY layer.

[0080] Communication systems, such as 5G NR systems, can be deployed in various ways with a variety of components or parts. In a 5G NR system or network, network nodes, network entities, network mobility elements, RAN nodes, core network nodes, network elements, or network equipment (such as base stations or one or more units (or components) performing base station functions) can be implemented in aggregated or decomposed architectures. For example, base stations (such as Node B (NB), evolved NB (eNB), NR base stations, 5GNB, access points (APs), transmit / receive points (TRPs), or cells) can be implemented as aggregated base stations (also known as standalone base stations or monolithic base stations) or decomposed base stations.

[0081] Aggregated base stations can be configured to utilize a radio protocol stack that is physically or logically integrated within a single RAN node. Decentralized base stations can be configured to utilize a protocol stack that is physically or logically distributed across two or more units, such as one or more central or centralized units (CUs), one or more distributed units (DUs), or one or more radio units (RUs). In some respects, the CU may be implemented within a RAN node, and one or more DUs may co-located with the CU, or alternatively, may be geographically or virtually distributed across one or more other RAN nodes. DUs may be implemented to communicate with one or more RUs. Each of the CU, DU, and RU may also be implemented as a virtual unit, namely a virtual central unit (VCU), a virtual distributed unit (VDU), or a virtual radio unit (VRU).

[0082] Base station type operation or network design can consider the aggregation characteristics of base station functionality. For example, decomposed base stations can be used in Integrated Access Backhaul (IAB) networks, Open Radio Access Networks (O-RAN) (such as those developed by the O-RAN Alliance), and other similar networks. ® This can be used in proposed network configurations or virtualized radio access networks (vRAN, also known as cloud radio access networks (C-RAN)). Decomposition can include distributing functionality across two or more units in various physical locations, as well as virtually distributing the functionality of at least one unit, which allows for flexibility in network design. Various units in a decomposed base station or decomposed RAN architecture can be configured to communicate wirelessly with at least one other unit.

[0083] Figure 2C An example disaggregated base station architecture 250 according to various aspects of this disclosure is illustrated. The disaggregated base station architecture 250 may include one or more central units (CUs) 280 (e.g., gNB-CU 226) that can communicate directly with the core network 267 (e.g., 5GC 210, 5GC 260) via a backhaul link, or indirectly with the core network 267 via one or more disaggregated base station units (such as a near real-time (near-RT) RAN intelligent controller (RIC) 259 via an E2 link or a non-real-time (non-RT) RIC 257 associated with a Service Management and Orchestration (SMO) framework 255, or both). CUs 280 may communicate with one or more duplex units (DUs) 285 (e.g., gNB-DU 228) via a corresponding midhaul link (e.g., an F1 interface). DUs 285 may communicate with one or more radio units (RUs) 287 (e.g., gNB-RU 229) via a corresponding fronthaul link. RU 287 can communicate with the corresponding UE 204 via one or more radio frequency (RF) access links. In some implementations, UE 204 can be served by multiple RU 287s simultaneously.

[0084] Each of the units (i.e., CU 280, DU 285, RU 287, and near-RT RIC 259, non-RT RIC 257, and SMO frame 255) may include or be coupled to one or more interfaces configured to receive or transmit signals, data, or information (collectively, signals) via wired or wireless transmission media. Each of the units, or an associated processor or controller providing instructions to the communication interfaces of these units, may be configured to communicate with one or more other units via transmission media. For example, these units may include wired interfaces configured to receive signals or transmit signals to one or more other units via wired transmission media. Additionally, these units may include wireless interfaces that may include receivers, transmitters, or transceivers (such as RF transceivers) configured to receive signals or transmit signals to one or more other units via wireless transmission media, or both.

[0085] In some aspects, the CU 280 can host one or more higher-level control functions. Such control functions may include RRC, PDCP, Serving Data Adaptation Protocol (SDAP), etc. Each control function can be implemented using an interface configured to signal to other control functions hosted by the CU 280. The CU 280 can be configured to handle user plane functionality (i.e., Central Unit-User Plane (CU-UP)), control plane functionality (i.e., Central Unit-Control Plane (CU-CP)), or a combination thereof. In some implementations, the CU 280 can be logically split into one or more CU-UP units and one or more CU-CP units. When implemented in an O-RAN configuration, the CU-UP units can communicate bidirectionally with the CU-CP units via an interface such as an E1 interface. The CU 280 can be implemented to communicate with the DU 285 for network control and signaling as needed.

[0086] DU 285 may correspond to a logic unit that includes one or more base station functions for controlling the operation of one or more RU 287s. In some aspects, DU 285 may be at least partially based on functional partitioning (such as that provided by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP)). ® The DU285 is functionally partitioned to host one or more of the RLC layer, MAC layer, and one or more high-PHY layers (such as modules for forward error correction (FEC) encoding and decoding, scrambling, modulation, and demodulation). In some respects, the DU285 may further host one or more low-PHY layers. Each layer (or module) may be implemented using an interface configured to communicate signals with other layers (and modules) hosted by the DU285 or with control functions hosted by the CU280.

[0087] Lower-layer functionality can be implemented by one or more RU 287s. In some deployments, an RU287 controlled by a DU 285 may correspond to a logical node that hosts RF processing functions or low-PHY layer functions (such as performing Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), Inverse FFT (iFFT), digital beamforming, Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH) extraction and filtering, or both, based at least in part on functional decomposition (such as lower-layer functional decomposition). In such architectures, the RU 287 may be implemented to handle over-the-air (OTA) communications with one or more UE 204s. In some specific implementations, the real-time and non-real-time aspects of communication with the control plane and user plane of the RU 287 may be controlled by the corresponding DU 285. In some scenarios, this configuration enables the implementation of the DU 285 and CU 280 in cloud-based RAN architectures (such as vRAN architectures).

[0088] SMO framework 255 can be configured to support RAN deployment and provisioning of both non-virtualized and virtualized network elements. For non-virtualized network elements, SMO framework 255 can be configured to support the deployment of dedicated physical resources for RAN coverage requirements, which can be managed via operation and maintenance interfaces such as the O1 interface. For virtualized network elements, SMO framework 255 can be configured to interact with cloud computing platforms such as Open Cloud (O-Cloud) 269 to perform network element lifecycle management (such as instantiating virtualized network elements) via cloud computing platform interfaces such as the O2 interface. Such virtualized network elements may include, but are not limited to, CU 280, DU 285, RU 287, and near-RT RIC 259. In some implementations, SMO framework 255 can communicate with the hardware aspects of the 4G RAN (such as Open eNB (O-eNB) 261) via the O1 interface. Additionally, in some implementations, SMO framework 255 can communicate directly with one or more RU 287s via the O1 interface. SMO framework 255 may also include a non-RT RIC 257 configured to support the functionality of SMO framework 255.

[0089] The non-RT RIC 257 can be configured to include logical functions enabling non-real-time control and optimization of RAN elements and resources, including artificial intelligence / machine learning (AI / ML) workflows for model training and updates, or policy-based guidance for applications / features in the near-RT RIC 259. The non-RT RIC 257 can be coupled to or communicate with the near-RT RIC 259, such as via an A1 interface. The near-RT RIC 259 can be configured to include logical functions enabling near real-time control and optimization of RAN elements and resources via data collection and actions through an interface such as an E2 interface connecting one or more CU 280s, one or more DU 285s, or both, and O-eNBs to the near-RT RIC 259.

[0090] In some implementations, to generate AI / ML models to be deployed in the near-RT RIC 259, the non-RT RIC 257 may receive parameters or external enrichment information from an external server. This information can be utilized by the near-RT RIC 259 and may be received from non-network data sources or network functions at the SMO framework 255 or the non-RT RIC 257. In some examples, the non-RT RIC 257 or the near-RT RIC 259 may be configured to tune RAN behavior or performance. For example, the non-RT RIC 257 may monitor long-term trends and patterns of performance and employ AI / ML models to perform corrective actions via the SMO framework 255 (such as reconfiguration via O1) or by creating RAN management policies (such as A1 policies).

[0091] Figure 3A , Figure 3B and Figure 3C Examples are shown that can be incorporated into UE 302 (which may correspond to any UE described herein), base station 304 (which may correspond to any base station described herein), and network entity 306 (which may correspond to or embody any network function described herein, including location server 230 and LMF 270, or alternatively may be independent of...). Figure 2A and Figure 2BSeveral example components (represented by corresponding boxes) in the NG-RAN 220 and / or 5GC 210 / 260 infrastructure (such as private networks) depicted herein support the operation as described herein. It should be understood that these components may be implemented in different specific implementations in different types of devices (e.g., in ASICs, in System-on-Chip (SoCs), etc.). The illustrated components may also be incorporated into other devices in a communication system. For example, other devices in the system may include components similar to those described as providing similar functionality. Furthermore, a given device may contain one or more of these components. For example, a device may include multiple transceiver components that enable the device to operate on multiple carriers and / or communicate via different technologies.

[0092] UE 302 and base station 304 each include one or more Wireless Wide Area Network (WWAN) transceivers 310 and 350, which provide components (e.g., components for transmitting, components for receiving, components for measuring, components for tuning, components for blocking transmission, etc.) for communication via one or more wireless communication networks (not shown), such as NR networks, LTE networks, GSM networks, etc. WWAN transceivers 310 and 350 may each be connected to one or more antennas 316 and 356 for communication with other network nodes (such as other UEs, access points, base stations (e.g., eNB, gNB), etc.) via at least one designated RAT (e.g., NR, LTE, GSM, etc.) through a wireless communication medium of interest (e.g., a time / frequency resource set in a specific spectrum). WWAN transceivers 310 and 350 can be configured in different ways to transmit and encode signals 318 and 358 (e.g., messages, indications, information, etc.) according to a specified RAT, and conversely, to receive and decode signals 318 and 358 (e.g., messages, indications, information, pilots, etc.). Specifically, WWAN transceivers 310 and 350 each include: one or more transmitters 314 and 354 for transmitting and encoding signals 318 and 358, respectively; and one or more receivers 312 and 352 for receiving and decoding signals 318 and 358, respectively.

[0093] In at least some cases, UE 302 and base station 304 each further include one or more short-range wireless transceivers 320 and 360, respectively. Short-range wireless transceivers 320 and 360 can be connected to one or more antennas 326 and 366, respectively, and provide access over a wireless communication medium of interest via at least one designated RAT (e.g., Wi-Fi, LTE Direct, Bluetooth). ® ZIGBEE ® Z-WAVE ® Components (e.g., components for transmitting, components for receiving, components for measuring, components for tuning, components for blocking transmission, etc.) that enable communication between PC5, Dedicated Short-Range Communication (DSRC), Wireless Access for Vehicle Environments (WAVE), Near Field Communication (NFC), Ultra-Wideband (UWB), etc.) and other network nodes (such as other UEs, access points, base stations, etc.). Short-range transceivers 320 and 360 can be configured in different ways to transmit and encode signals 328 and 368 (e.g., messages, indications, information, etc.) respectively according to a specified RAT, and conversely, to receive and decode signals 328 and 368 (e.g., messages, indications, information, pilots, etc.) respectively. Specifically, the short-range wireless transceiver 320 and short-range wireless transceiver 360 each include: one or more transmitters 324 and 364 respectively for transmitting and encoding signals 328 and 368, and one or more receivers 322 and 362 respectively for receiving and decoding signals 328 and 368. As a specific example, the short-range wireless transceiver 320 and short-range wireless transceiver 360 can be Wi-Fi transceivers, Bluetooth transceivers, etc. ® Transceiver, Zigbee ® and / or Z-WAVE ® Transceivers, NFC transceivers, UWB transceivers, or vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) and / or vehicle-to-everything (V2X) transceivers.

[0094] In at least some cases, UE 302 and base station 304 also include satellite signal receivers 330 and 370. Satellite signal receivers 330 and 370 can be connected to one or more antennas 336 and 376 respectively, and can provide components for receiving and / or measuring satellite positioning / communication signals 338 and 378 respectively. Where satellite signal receivers 330 and 370 are satellite positioning system receivers, satellite positioning / communication signals 338 and 378 can be Global Positioning System (GPS) signals, Global Navigation Satellite System (GLONASS) signals, etc. ®The signals include Galileo signals, BeiDou signals, Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System (NAVIC), Quasi-Zenith Satellite System (QZSS), etc. When satellite signal receivers 330 and 370 are non-terrestrial network (NTN) receivers, satellite positioning / communication signals 338 and 378 can be communication signals originating from a 5G network (e.g., carrying control and / or user data). Satellite signal receivers 330 and 370 can include any suitable hardware and / or software for receiving and processing satellite positioning / communication signals 338 and 378, respectively. Satellite signal receivers 330 and 370 may request information and operations from other systems as needed, and in at least some cases, use measurements obtained by any suitable satellite positioning system algorithm to perform calculations to determine the locations of UE 302 and base station 304, respectively.

[0095] Base station 304 and network entity 306 each include one or more network transceivers 380 and 390, which provide components (e.g., transmitting components, receiving components, etc.) for communicating with other network entities (e.g., other base stations 304, other network entities 306). For example, base station 304 may use one or more network transceivers 380 to communicate with other base stations 304 or network entities 306 via one or more wired or wireless backhaul links. Similarly, network entity 306 may use one or more network transceivers 390 to communicate with one or more base stations 304 via one or more wired or wireless backhaul links, or to communicate with other network entities 306 via one or more wired or wireless core network interfaces.

[0096] Transceivers can be configured to communicate via wired or wireless links. A transceiver (whether wired or wireless) includes transmitter circuitry (e.g., transmitters 314, 324, 354, 364) and receiver circuitry (e.g., receivers 312, 322, 352, 362). In some embodiments, the transceiver may be an integrated device (e.g., implementing transmitter and receiver circuitry in a single device), in some embodiments it may include separate transmitter and receiver circuitry, or in other embodiments it may be implemented in a different manner. The transmitter and receiver circuitry of a wired transceiver (e.g., network transceiver 380 and network transceiver 390 in some embodiments) may be coupled to one or more wired network interface ports. Wireless transmitter circuitry (e.g., transmitters 314, 324, 354, 364) may include or be coupled to multiple antennas (e.g., antennas 316, 326, 356, 366), such as an antenna array, which allows the corresponding device (e.g., UE 302, base station 304) to perform transmit beamforming, as described herein. Similarly, wireless receiver circuitry (e.g., receivers 312, 322, 352, 362) may include or be coupled to multiple antennas (e.g., antennas 316, 326, 356, 366), such as an antenna array, which allows the corresponding device (e.g., UE 302, base station 304) to perform receive beamforming, as described herein. In one aspect, the transmitter and receiver circuitry may share the same multiple antennas (e.g., antennas 316, 326, 356, 366), such that the corresponding device may perform only receive or only transmit at a given time, rather than both receive and transmit simultaneously. Wireless transceivers (e.g., WWAN transceivers 310 and 350, short-range wireless transceivers 320 and 360) may also include network listening modules (NLMs) for performing various measurements.

[0097] As used herein, various wireless transceivers (e.g., transceivers 310, 320, 350, and 360 in some specific embodiments, and network transceivers 380 and 390) and wired transceivers (e.g., network transceivers 380 and 390 in some specific embodiments) may generally be described as "transceiver," "at least one transceiver," or "one or more transceivers." Therefore, whether a particular transceiver is a wired or wireless transceiver can be inferred from the type of communication performed. For example, backhaul communication between network devices or servers typically involves signaling via a wired transceiver, while wireless communication between a UE (e.g., UE 302) and a base station (e.g., base station 304) will typically involve signaling via a wireless transceiver.

[0098] UE 302, base station 304, and network entity 306 also include other components that can be used in conjunction with the operation disclosed herein. UE 302, base station 304, and network entity 306 each include one or more processors 332, 384, and 394 for providing functionality related to, for example, wireless communication, and for providing other processing functionality. Thus, processors 332, 384, and 394 may provide components for processing, such as components for determining, components for calculating, components for receiving, components for transmitting, components for indicating, etc. In one aspect, processors 332, 384, and 394 may include, for example, one or more general-purpose processors, multi-core processors, central processing units (CPUs), ASICs, digital signal processors (DSPs), field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), other programmable logic devices or processing circuits, or various combinations thereof.

[0099] UE 302, base station 304, and network entity 306 each include memory circuitry implementing memories 340, 386, and 396 (e.g., each including a memory device) for maintaining information (e.g., information indicating reserved resources, thresholds, parameters, etc.). Therefore, memories 340, 386, and 396 can provide components for storage, retrieval, maintenance, etc. In some cases, UE 302, base station 304, and network entity 306 may each include positioning components 342, 388, and 398. Positioning components 342, 388, and 398 may be hardware circuitry that is part of or coupled to processors 332, 384, and 394, respectively, which, when executed, cause UE 302, base station 304, and network entity 306 to perform the functionality described herein. In other aspects, positioning components 342, 388, and 398 may be external to processors 332, 384, and 394 (e.g., part of a modem processing system, integrated with another processing system, etc.). Alternatively, positioning components 342, 388, and 398 may be memory modules stored in memories 340, 386, and 396, respectively, which, when executed by processors 332, 384, and 394 (or modem processing system, another processing system, etc.), enable UE 302, base station 304, and network entity 306 to perform the functionality described herein. Figure 3A Possible locations for the positioning component 342 are illustrated. The positioning component may be part of, for example, one or more WWAN transceivers 310, memory 340, one or more processors 332, or any combination thereof, or may be a standalone component. Figure 3BPossible locations for the positioning component 388 are illustrated. The positioning component may be part of, for example, one or more WWAN transceivers 350, memory 386, one or more processors 384, or any combination thereof, or may be a standalone component. Figure 3C Possible locations for the positioning component 398 are illustrated. The positioning component may be part of, for example, one or more network transceivers 390, memory 396, one or more processors 394, or any combination thereof, or may be a standalone component.

[0100] UE 302 may include one or more sensors 344 coupled to one or more processors 332 to provide components for sensing or detecting motion and / or orientation information independent of motion data derived from signals received by one or more WWAN transceivers 310, one or more short-range wireless transceivers 320, and / or satellite signal receivers 330. By way of example, sensor 344 may include accelerometers (e.g., microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) devices), gyroscopes, geomagnetic sensors (e.g., compasses), altimeters (e.g., barometric altimeters), and / or any other type of motion detection sensor. Furthermore, sensor 344 may include multiple different types of devices and combine their outputs to provide motion information. For example, sensor 344 may use a combination of multi-axis accelerometers and orientation sensors to provide the ability to calculate positioning in two-dimensional (2D) and / or three-dimensional (3D) coordinate systems.

[0101] In addition, UE 302 includes a user interface 346 that provides components for providing instructions to a user (e.g., audible and / or visual instructions) and / or for receiving user input (e.g., when the user actuates a sensing device such as a keypad, touchscreen, microphone, etc.). Although not shown, base station 304 and network entity 306 may also include user interfaces.

[0102] Referring more specifically to one or more processors 384, in the downlink, IP packets from network entity 306 can be provided to processor 384. One or more processors 384 can implement functionality for the RRC layer, Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) layer, Radio Link Control (RLC) layer, and Media Access Control (MAC) layer. One or more processors 384 may provide: RRC layer functionality associated with broadcasting system information (e.g., Master Information Block (MIB), System Information Block (SIB)), RRC connection control (e.g., RRC connection paging, RRC connection establishment, RRC connection modification, and RRC connection release), inter-RAT mobility, and measurement configuration for UE measurement reporting; PDCP layer functionality associated with header compression / decompression, security (encryption, decryption, integrity protection, integrity verification), and handover support functions; RLC layer functionality associated with the delivery of upper-layer PDUs, error correction via Automatic Repeat Request (ARQ), concatenation, segmentation, and reassembly of RLC Service Data Units (SDUs), resegmentation of RLC data PDUs, and reordering of RLC data PDUs; and MAC layer functionality associated with mapping between logical channels and transport channels, scheduling information reporting, error correction, priority handling, and logical channel priority ordering.

[0103] Transmitter 354 and receiver 352 implement Layer 1 (L1) functionality associated with various signal processing functions. Layer 1, including the physical (PHY) layer, may include: error detection on the transport channel, forward error correction (FEC) decoding / decoding of the transport channel, interleaving, rate matching, mapping to the physical channel, modulation / demodulation of the physical channel, and MIMO antenna processing. Transmitter 354 processes the mapping to the signal constellation based on various modulation schemes (e.g., Binary Phase Shift Keying (BPSK), Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK), M-Phase Shift Keying (M-PSK), M-QAM). The decoded and modulated symbols can then be divided into parallel streams. Each stream can then be mapped to Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) subcarriers, multiplexed with a reference signal (e.g., pilot) in the time and / or frequency domains, and then combined using an Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT) to produce a physical channel carrying a stream of time-domain OFDM symbols. The OFDM symbol stream is spatially pre-decoded to generate multiple spatial streams. Channel estimates from the channel estimator can be used to determine the decoding and modulation scheme, as well as for spatial processing. Channel estimates can be derived from reference signals and / or channel state feedback transmitted by UE 302. Each spatial stream can then be provided to one or more different antennas 356. The transmitter 354 can use the corresponding spatial stream to modulate an RF carrier for transmission.

[0104] At UE 302, receiver 312 receives signals via its corresponding antenna 316. Receiver 312 recovers the information modulated onto the RF carrier and provides this information to one or more processors 332. Transmitter 314 and receiver 312 implement Layer 1 functionality associated with various signal processing functions. Receiver 312 can perform spatial processing on the information to recover any spatial streams destined for UE 302. If multiple spatial streams are destined for UE 302, they can be combined by receiver 312 into a single OFDM symbol stream. Receiver 312 then uses a Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) to transform the OFDM symbol stream from the time domain to the frequency domain. The frequency domain signal includes a separate OFDM symbol stream for each subcarrier of the OFDM signal. Symbols and reference signals on each subcarrier are recovered and demodulated by determining the most probable signal constellation points transmitted by base station 304. These soft decisions can be based on channel estimates calculated by a channel estimator. The soft decisions are then decoded and deinterleaved to recover the data and control signals originally transmitted by base station 304 on the physical channel. Then, data and control signals are provided to one or more processors 332, which implement layer 3 (L3) and layer 2 (L2) functionality.

[0105] In the downlink, one or more processors 332 provide demultiplexing, packet reassembly, decryption, header decompression, and control signal processing between the transport and logical channels to recover IP packets from the core network. One or more processors 332 are also responsible for error detection.

[0106] Similar to the functionality described in conjunction with downlink transmissions performed by base station 304, one or more processors 332 provide: RRC layer functionality associated with system information (e.g., MIB, SIB) acquisition, RRC connectivity, and measurement reporting; PDCP layer functionality associated with header compression / decompression and security (encryption, decryption, integrity protection, integrity verification); RLC layer functionality associated with the delivery of upper-layer PDUs, error correction via ARQ, concatenation, segmentation, and reassembly of RLC SDUs, resegmentation of RLC data PDUs, and reordering of RLC data PDUs; and MAC layer functionality associated with mapping between logical channels and transport channels, multiplexing of MAC SDUs onto transport blocks (TBs), demultiplexing of MAC SDUs from TBs, scheduling information reporting, error correction via Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request (HARQ), priority handling, and logical channel priority ordering.

[0107] The channel estimate derived by the channel estimator from the reference signal or feedback transmitted by the base station 304 can be used by the transmitter 314 to select an appropriate decoding and modulation scheme and facilitate spatial processing. The spatial stream generated by the transmitter 314 can be provided to different antennas 316. The transmitter 314 can use the corresponding spatial stream to modulate the RF carrier for transmission.

[0108] Uplink transmissions are processed at base station 304 in a manner similar to that described in conjunction with the receiver function at UE 302. Receiver 352 receives signals via its corresponding antenna 356. Receiver 352 recovers the information modulated onto the RF carrier and provides this information to one or more processors 384.

[0109] In the uplink, one or more processors 384 provide demultiplexing, packet reassembly, decryption, header decompression, and control signal processing between the transport channel and the logical channel to recover IP packets from UE 302. IP packets from one or more processors 384 can be provided to the core network. One or more processors 384 are also responsible for error detection.

[0110] For convenience, UE 302, base station 304 and / or network entity 306 are in Figure 3A , Figure 3B and Figure 3C The document is shown as including various components that can be configured according to the various examples described herein. However, it should be understood that the illustrated components may have different functionalities in different designs. In particular, Figure 3A to Figure 3C Various components are optional in alternative configurations, and various aspects include configurations that can vary due to design choices, cost, equipment usage, or other considerations. For example, in Figure 3A In certain cases, specific implementations of UE 302 may omit WWAN transceiver 310 (e.g., wearable devices, tablets, personal computers (PCs), or laptops may have Wi-Fi and / or Bluetooth). ® (e.g., cellular only), or the short-range wireless transceiver 320 can be omitted (e.g., cellular only), or the satellite signal receiver 330 can be omitted, or the sensor 344 can be omitted, etc. For example, in Figure 3B In certain cases, specific implementations of base station 304 may omit WWAN transceiver 350 (e.g., a Wi-Fi "hotspot" access point without cellular capabilities), or short-range wireless transceiver 360 (e.g., cellular only), or satellite signal receiver 370, etc. For the sake of brevity, examples of various alternative configurations are not provided herein, but will be readily understood by those skilled in the art.

[0111] Various components of UE 302, base station 304, and network entity 306 can be communicatively coupled to each other via data buses 334, 382, ​​and 392, respectively. In one aspect, data buses 334, 382, ​​and 392 can form or be part of the communication interfaces of UE 302, base station 304, and network entity 306, respectively. For example, in cases where different logical entities are embodied in the same device (e.g., gNB and location server functionality integrated into the same base station 304), data buses 334, 382, ​​and 392 can provide communication between these different logical entities.

[0112] Figure 3A , Figure 3B and Figure 3C The components can be implemented in various ways. In some specific implementations, Figure 3A , Figure 3B and Figure 3C The components can be implemented in one or more circuits, such as, for example, one or more processors and / or one or more ASICs (which may include one or more processors). Here, each circuit may use and / or combine at least one memory component for storing information or executable code used by the circuit to provide that functionality. For example, some or all of the functionalities represented by blocks 310 to 346 may be implemented by the processor and memory components of UE 302 (e.g., by executing appropriate code and / or by appropriate configuration of the processor components). Similarly, some or all of the functionalities represented by blocks 350 to 388 may be implemented by the processor and memory components of base station 304 (e.g., by executing appropriate code and / or by appropriate configuration of the processor components). Moreover, some or all of the functionalities represented by blocks 390 to 398 may be implemented by the processor and memory components of network entity 306 (e.g., by executing appropriate code and / or by appropriate configuration of the processor components). For simplicity, various operations, actions, and / or functions are described herein as being performed "by the UE," "by the base station," "by the network entity," etc. However, as will be understood, such operations, actions and / or functions can actually be performed by specific components or combinations of components of the UE 302, base station 304, network entity 306, etc. (such as processors 332, 384, 394, transceivers 310, 320, 350 and 360, memory 340, 386 and 396, positioning components 342, 388 and 398, etc.).

[0113] In some designs, network entity 306 may be implemented as a core network component. In other designs, network entity 306 may operate differently from the network operator or cellular network infrastructure (e.g., NG RAN 220 and / or 5GC 210 / 260). For example, network entity 306 may be a component of a private network that can be configured to communicate with UE 302 via base station 304 or independently of base station 304 (e.g., via a non-cellular communication link such as Wi-Fi).

[0114] NR supports various cellular network-based positioning technologies, including downlink-based positioning methods, uplink-based positioning methods, and positioning methods based on both downlink and uplink. Downlink-based positioning methods include: Observed Time Difference of Arrival (OTDOA) in LTE, Downlink Time Difference of Arrival (DL-TDOA) in NR, and Downlink Angle of Departure (DL-AoD) in NR. Figure 4 Examples of various positioning methods according to aspects of this disclosure are illustrated. In the OTDOA or DL-TDOA positioning process illustrated in scenario 410, the UE measures the difference between the times of arrival (ToA) of reference signals (e.g., positioning reference signals (PRS)) received from paired base stations (referred to as reference signal time difference (RSTD) or time difference of arrival (TDOA) measurement) and reports these differences to the positioning entity. More specifically, the UE receives identifiers (IDs) of a reference base station (e.g., a serving base station) and multiple non-reference base stations in auxiliary data. The UE then measures the RSTD between the reference base station and each non-reference base station. Based on the known locations of the base stations involved and the RSTD measurement, the positioning entity (e.g., a UE for UE-based positioning or a location server for UE-assisted positioning) can estimate the UE's location.

[0115] For the DL-AoD positioning illustrated in scenario 420, the positioning entity uses measurement reports from the UE regarding the received signal strength measurements of multiple downlink transmitted beams to determine the angle between the UE and the transmitting base station. The positioning entity can then estimate the UE's position based on the determined angle and the known location of the transmitting base station.

[0116] Uplink-based positioning methods include uplink time difference of arrival (UL-TDOA) and uplink angle of arrival (UL-AoA). UL-TDOA is similar to DL-TDOA, but is based on uplink reference signals (e.g., sounding reference signals (SRS)) transmitted by the UE to multiple base stations. Specifically, the UE transmits one or more uplink reference signals, which are measured by a reference base station and multiple non-reference base stations. Each base station then reports the reception time of the reference signal (referred to as relative time of arrival (RTOA)) to a positioning entity (e.g., a location server) that knows the location and relative timing of the base stations involved. Based on the received-receive (Rx-Rx) time difference between the reported RTOA of the reference base station and the reported RTOA of each non-reference base station, the known location of the base stations, and their known timing offsets, the positioning entity can use the TDOA to estimate the UE's location.

[0117] For UL-AoA positioning, one or more base stations measure the received signal strength of one or more uplink reference signals (e.g., SRS) received from the UE on one or more uplink receive beams. The positioning entity uses the signal strength measurement and the angle of the receive beam to determine the angle between the UE and the base station. Based on the determined angle and the known location of the base station, the positioning entity can then estimate the location of the UE.

[0118] Downlink and uplink-based positioning methods include Enhanced Cell ID (E-CID) positioning and Multiple Round-Trip Time (RTT) positioning (also known as "Multi-Cell RTT" and "Multi-RTT"). During RTT, a first entity (e.g., a base station or a UE) sends a first RTT-related signal (e.g., PRS or SRS) to a second entity (e.g., a UE or a base station), which then sends a second RTT-related signal (e.g., SRS or PRS) back to the first entity. Each entity measures the time difference between the time of arrival (ToA) of the received RTT-related signal and the time of transmission of the transmitted RTT-related signal. This time difference is called the receive-to-transmit (Rx-Tx) time difference. The Rx-Tx time difference measurement can be performed or adjusted to include only the time difference between the nearest time slot boundary of the received signal and the transmitted signal. The two entities can then transmit their Rx-Tx time difference measurements to a location server (e.g., LMF 270), which calculates the round-trip time (RTT) between the two entities based on these two Rx-Tx time difference measurements (e.g., calculated as the sum of the two Rx-Tx time difference measurements). Alternatively, one entity can transmit its Rx-Tx time difference measurement to another entity, which then calculates the RTT. The distance between the two entities can be determined based on the RTT and a known signal speed (e.g., the speed of light). For the multi-RTT positioning illustrated in scenario 430, a first entity (e.g., a UE or base station) performs an RTT positioning process with multiple second entities (e.g., multiple base stations or UEs) to enable the location of the first entity to be determined based on the distance to the second entities and the known location of the second entities (e.g., using polygonal measurements). RTT and multi-RTT methods can be combined with other positioning technologies (such as UL-AoA and DL-AoD) to improve location accuracy, as illustrated in scenario 440.

[0119] The E-CID positioning method is based on Radio Resource Management (RRM) measurements. In E-CID, the UE reports the serving cell ID, timing advance (TA), identifiers of detected neighboring base stations, estimated timing, and signal strength. The UE's location is then estimated based on this information and the known locations of the base stations.

[0120] To assist in positioning operations, a location server (e.g., location server 230, LMF 270, SLP 272) may provide auxiliary data to the UE. For example, auxiliary data may include: the identifier of the base station (or the cell / TRP of the base station) from which the reference signal is measured, reference signal configuration parameters (e.g., including the number of consecutive time slots of the PRS, the periodicity of consecutive time slots of the PRS, silence sequences, frequency hopping sequences, reference signal identifier, reference signal bandwidth, etc.), and / or other parameters applicable to a particular positioning method. Alternatively, auxiliary data may be derived directly from the base station itself (e.g., in periodically broadcast overhead messages, etc.). In some cases, the UE may be able to detect neighboring network nodes without using auxiliary data.

[0121] In the case of OTDOA or DL-TDOA positioning procedures, auxiliary data may also include the expected RSTD value and the associated uncertainty or search window around the expected RSTD. In some cases, the expected RSTD value may range from + / - 500 microseconds (µs). In some cases, when any of the resources used for positioning measurements is in FR1, the uncertainty of the expected RSTD may range from + / - 32 µs. In other cases, when all resources used for positioning measurements are in FR2, the uncertainty of the expected RSTD may range from + / - 8 µs.

[0122] Location estimates can be referred to by other names, such as location estimation, location, positioning, fixed location, etc. Location estimates can be geodesic and include coordinates (e.g., latitude, longitude, and possible elevation), or they can be municipal and include street addresses, postal addresses, or some other verbal description of the location. Location estimates can be further defined relative to some other known location or in absolute terms (e.g., using latitude, longitude, and possible elevation). Location estimates can include expected errors or uncertainties (e.g., by including the area or volume that the location is expected to include with a specified or default confidence level).

[0123] Various frame structures can be used to support downlink and uplink transmission between network nodes (e.g., base stations and UEs). Figure 5 Figure 500 illustrates an example frame structure according to various aspects of this disclosure. The frame structure may be a downlink or uplink frame structure. Other wireless communication technologies may have different frame structures and / or different channels.

[0124] LTE (and in some cases NR) uses Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) on the downlink and Single-Carrier Frequency Division Multiplexing (SC-FDM) on the uplink. However, unlike LTE, NR also has the option to use OFDM on the uplink. OFDM and SC-FDM divide the system bandwidth into multiple (K) orthogonal subcarriers, which are often referred to as tones, frequency slots, etc. Each subcarrier can be modulated using data. Generally, modulation symbols are transmitted using OFDM in the frequency domain and SC-FDM in the time domain. The spacing between adjacent subcarriers can be fixed, and the total number of subcarriers (K) can depend on the system bandwidth. For example, the subcarrier spacing can be 15 kHz, and the minimum resource allocation (resource block) can be 12 subcarriers (or 180 kHz). Therefore, for system bandwidths of 1.25 MHz, 2.5 MHz, 5 MHz, 10 MHz, or 20 MHz, the nominal Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) size can be equal to 128, 256, 512, 1024, or 2048, respectively. The system bandwidth can also be divided into subbands. For example, a subband can cover 1.08 MHz (i.e., 6 resource blocks), and for system bandwidths of 1.25 MHz, 2.5 MHz, 5 MHz, 10 MHz, or 20 MHz, there can be 1, 2, 4, 8, or 16 subbands, respectively.

[0125] LTE supports a single set of parameters (subcarrier spacing (SCS), symbol length, etc.). In contrast, NR can support multiple sets of parameters (µ), for example, subcarrier spacings of 15kHz (µ=0), 30kHz (µ=1), 60kHz (µ=2), 120kHz (µ=3), and 240kHz (µ=4) or larger can be available. Within each subcarrier spacing, there are 14 symbols per time slot. For a 15kHz SCS (µ=0), there is one time slot per subframe, 10 time slots per frame, a time slot duration of 1 millisecond (ms), a symbol duration of 66.7 microseconds (µs), and a maximum nominal system bandwidth (in MHz) of 4K FFT size. For a 30kHz SCS (µ=1), there are two time slots per subframe, 20 time slots per frame, a time slot duration of 0.5ms, a symbol duration of 33.3µs, and a maximum nominal system bandwidth (in MHz) of 4K FFT size. For a 60kHz SCS (µ=2), there are four time slots per subframe, 40 time slots per frame, a time slot duration of 0.25ms, a symbol duration of 16.7µs, and a maximum nominal system bandwidth (in MHz) of 4K FFT size. For a 120kHz SCS (µ=3), there are eight time slots per subframe, 80 time slots per frame, a time slot duration of 0.125ms, a symbol duration of 8.33µs, and a maximum nominal system bandwidth (in MHz) of 4K FFT size. For a 240kHz SCS (µ=4), there are 16 time slots per subframe, 160 time slots per frame, a time slot duration of 0.0625ms, a symbol duration of 4.17µs, and a maximum nominal system bandwidth (in MHz) of 4K FFT size.

[0126] exist Figure 5 In the example, a parameter set of 15kHz is used. Therefore, in the time domain, a 10ms frame is divided into 10 equal-sized subframes, each 1ms long, and each subframe includes one time slot. Figure 5 In the diagram, time is represented horizontally (on the X-axis), with time increasing from left to right, while frequency is represented vertically (on the Y-axis), with frequency increasing (or decreasing) from bottom to top.

[0127] A resource grid can be used to represent time slots, each of which includes one or more time-concurrent resource blocks (RBs) (also known as physical RBs (PRBs)) in the frequency domain. The resource grid is further divided into multiple resource elements (REs). An RE corresponds to a symbol length in the time domain and a subcarrier in the frequency domain. Figure 5In the parameter set, for a normal cyclic prefix, the RB can contain 12 consecutive subcarriers in the frequency domain and seven consecutive symbols in the time domain, for a total of 84 REs. For an extended cyclic prefix, the RB can contain 12 consecutive subcarriers in the frequency domain and six consecutive symbols in the time domain, for a total of 72 REs. The number of bits carried by each RE depends on the modulation scheme.

[0128] Some REs may carry reference (pilot) signals (RS). These reference signals may include positioning reference signals (PRS), tracking reference signals (TRS), phase tracking reference signals (PTRS), cell-specific reference signals (CRS), channel state information reference signals (CSI-RS), demodulation reference signals (DMRS), primary synchronization signals (PSS), secondary synchronization signals (SSS), synchronization signal blocks (SSB), sounding reference signals (SRS), etc., depending on whether the illustrated frame structure is used for uplink or downlink communication. Figure 5 An example location (labeled "R") of an RE carrying a reference signal is shown.

[0129] Wireless communication signals transmitted between the UE and the base station (e.g., radio frequency (RF) signals configured to carry orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbols according to wireless communication standards such as LTE, NR, etc.) can be used for environmental sensing (also known as "RF sensing" or "radar"). Environmental sensing using wireless communication signals can be considered as consumer-grade radar with advanced detection capabilities, enabling contactless / device-free interaction with devices / systems, etc. Wireless communication signals can be cellular communication signals, such as LTE or NR signals, WLAN signals such as Wi-Fi signals, etc. As a specific example, wireless communication signals can be OFDM waveforms as utilized in LTE and NR. High-frequency communication signals, such as millimeter-wave (mmW) RF signals, are particularly advantageous for use as radar signals because higher frequencies provide at least more accurate ranging (distance) detection.

[0130] Potential uses for RF sensing include: health monitoring, such as heart rate detection and respiratory rate monitoring; gesture recognition, such as human activity recognition, keystroke detection, and sign language recognition; context information acquisition, such as location detection / tracking, direction finding, and distance estimation; and automotive radar, such as intelligent cruise control and collision avoidance.

[0131] There are different types of sensing, including single-station sensing (also known as "active sensing") and dual-station sensing (also known as "passive sensing"). Figure 6A and Figure 6B These different types of sensing are illustrated. Specifically, Figure 6A This is illustration 600 illustrating a single-station sensing scenario, and Figure 6BThis is illustration 630, illustrating a dual-station sensing scenario. Figure 6A In this configuration, the transmitter (Tx) and receiver (Rx) are co-located in the same sensing device 604 (e.g., a UE). The sensing device 604 transmits one or more RF sensing signals 634 (e.g., uplink or sidelink positioning reference signals (PRS) in the case of a UE), and some of the RF sensing signals 634 are reflected from a target object 606. The sensing device 604 can measure various properties of the reflected RF sensing signals 634 (e.g., time of arrival (ToA), angle of arrival (AoA), phase shift, etc.) to determine the characteristics of the target object 606 (e.g., size, shape, speed, motion state, etc.).

[0132] exist Figure 6B In this architecture, the transmitter (Tx) and receiver (Rx) are not co-located; that is, they are separate devices (e.g., the UE and the base station). It should be noted that although... Figure 6B The example illustrates the use of a downlink RF signal as the RF sensing signal 632, but uplink or sidelink RF signals can also be used as the RF sensing signal 632. In the downlink scenario, as shown in the figure, the transmitter is the base station and the receiver is the UE, while in the uplink scenario, the transmitter is the UE and the receiver is the base station.

[0133] For more detailed information, please refer to [link / reference]. Figure 6B Transmitter device 602 sends RF sensing signals 632 and 634 (e.g., positioning reference signal (PRS)) to sensing device 604, but some of the RF sensing signal 634 is reflected from the target object 606. Sensing device 604 (also referred to as "sensing device") can measure the time of arrival (ToA) of the RF sensing signal 632 received directly from the transmitter device and the time of reflection 636 of the RF sensing signal 634 reflected from the target object 606.

[0134] More specifically, as described above, a transmitter device (e.g., a base station) may transmit a single RF signal or multiple RF signals to a sensing device (e.g., a UE). However, due to the propagation characteristics of RF signals through multipath channels, a receiver may receive multiple RF signals corresponding to each transmitted RF signal. Each path may be associated with a cluster of one or more channel taps. Typically, the time when the receiver detects the first channel tap cluster is considered to be the ToA of the RF signal on the site line (LOS) path (i.e., the shortest path between the transmitter and receiver). Subsequent channel tap clusters are considered to have been reflected by objects between the transmitter and receiver, and therefore have followed a non-LOS (NLOS) path between the transmitter and receiver.

[0135] Therefore, return to the reference. Figure 6BRF sensing signal 632 follows the LOS path between transmitter device 602 and sensing device 604, while RF sensing signal 634 follows the NLOS path between transmitter device 602 and sensing device 604 due to reflection from target object 606. Transmitter device 602 may have transmitted multiple RF sensing signals 632 and 634, some of which follow the LOS path and others follow the NLOS path. Alternatively, transmitter device 602 may have transmitted a single RF sensing signal in a sufficiently wide beam, a portion of which follows the LOS path (RF sensing signal 632) and a portion of which follows the NLOS path (RF sensing signal 634).

[0136] Based on the ToA of the LOS path, the ToA of the NLOS path, and the speed of light, sensing device 604 can determine the distance to a target object. For example, sensing device 604 can calculate the distance to the target object as the difference between the ToA of the LOS path and the ToA of the NLOS path multiplied by the speed of light. Furthermore, if sensing device 604 is capable of receiving beamforming, it can determine the approximate direction to the target object as the direction (angle) of the receiving beam that receives the RF sensing signal following the NLOS path. That is, sensing device 604 can determine the direction to the target object as the angle of arrival (AoA) of the RF sensing signal, which is the angle of the receiving beam used to receive the RF sensing signal. Sensing device 604 can then optionally report this information to transmitter device 602, its serving base station, an application server associated with the core network, an external client, a third-party application, or another sensing entity. Alternatively, the sensing device 604 may report the ToA measurement to the transmitter device 602 or other sensing entity (e.g., if the sensing device 604 itself does not have the processing capability to perform the calculation), and the transmitter device 602 may determine the distance to the target object 606 and optionally determine the direction to the target object.

[0137] It should be noted that if the RF sensing signal is an uplink RF signal sent by the UE to the base station, the base station will perform object detection based on the uplink RF signal, just as the UE does based on the downlink RF signal.

[0138] Similar to conventional radar, radar signals based on wireless communication can be used to estimate the range (distance), velocity (Doppler), and angle (AoA) of a target. However, performance (e.g., resolution and maximum values ​​of range, velocity, and angle) can depend on the design of the reference signal.

[0139] Figure 7An example call flow 700 is illustrated, illustrating an NR-based sensing process (e.g., a dual-site sensing process) for configuring sensing parameters in a network, according to various aspects of this disclosure. Although Figure 7 The example illustrates a network-coordinated sensing process, but this sensing process can be coordinated via a sidelink channel.

[0140] At stage 705, the sensing server 770 (e.g., inside or outside the core network) transmits a request for network (NW) information to the gNB 722 (e.g., the serving gNB of UE 704). This request may be for a list of the serving cell and any neighboring cells of UE 704. At stage 710, the gNB 722 transmits the requested information to the sensing server 770. At stage 715, the sensing server 770 transmits a request for sensing capabilities to UE 704. At stage 720, UE 704 provides its sensing capabilities to the sensing server 770. At stage 725, the sensing server 770 transmits a configuration to UE 704 indicating that reference signals (RS) will be sent for sensing. The reference signals for sensing may be transmitted by the serving cell and / or neighboring cells identified at stage 710. At stage 730, the sensing server 770 transmits a request for sensing information to UE 704. Then, UE 704 measures the reference signal sent, and at stage 735, transmits the measurement or any sensing results determined based on the measurement to sensing server 770.

[0141] On one hand, communication between the UE 704 and the sensing server 770 can be conducted via the LTE Positioning Protocol (LPP). Communication between the sensing server 770 and the gNB can be conducted via the NR Positioning Protocol Type A (NRPPa).

[0142] Some aspects of this disclosure recognize that cost-effective deployment of radar and communication systems can be achieved by developing integrated systems in which wireless communication and radar sensing occur concurrently. The communication system exchanges information in the form of data signals communicated between two or more cooperative transceivers (e.g., two or more transceivers actively cooperating with each other to exchange information). The radar system transmits a detection signal to a target object that reflects the detection signal. Useful information about the target object is inferred from the signal reflected by the target object. In many situations, the target object can be considered a non-cooperative target object because it does not actively transmit information to the radar system, as it may not possess the same type of information exchange capability available in the communication system.

[0143] Time, frequency, and space radio resources must be allocated for such integrated systems to support information communication and radar sensing. In some cases, such integrated systems may employ radar systems that use frequency-modulated continuous wave (FMCW) signals as sensing signals. These radar systems are also known as "pulse-Doppler radar systems," utilizing individual pulses with a time-varying carrier frequency (also called a "chirped" signal). Compared to other radar system technologies, such pulse-Doppler radar systems have a relatively low level of complexity and can be implemented at a relatively low cost. Furthermore, the various components in such pulse-Doppler radar systems can be used for multiple purposes (e.g., sensing, location, communication, joint communication and sensing (JCS), etc.). However, the Doppler and ranging estimates obtainable using such pulse-Doppler radar systems are highly dependent on the parameters of the chirped signal.

[0144] Figure 8 An example set of chirp signals 800 according to various aspects of this disclosure is shown. In this example, the set of chirp signals 800 includes a plurality of individual chirp signals 802, wherein each chirp signal 802 has a chirp duration. T c During the duration of the chirp, the frequency of the chirp signal 802 spans the frequency bandwidth. BW From carrier frequency f c Change to end frequency f c + BW . Figure 8 The chirp signal 800 shown has a frequency slope S The sawtooth frequency curve, where the slope S Corresponding to the chirp signal 802 during the chirp duration T c frequency BW The sawtooth frequency curve of the example chirp signal 802 is shown as an upward chirp, but the sawtooth frequency curve can also be implemented as a downward chirp. As will be further explained below, the frequency curve of the chirp signal can have other curves (e.g., triangular frequency curve, sine chirp curve, etc.). The set of chirp signals 800 includes a number of chirp signals 802. N .exist Figure 8 In this configuration, chirp signals 802 are transmitted continuously over time, with no gap between adjacent chirp signals 802 (or with negligible gaps due to hardware limitations). Therefore, this set of chirp signals 800 has a duration. NT c gather.

[0145] The Doppler and ranging estimates obtained using this set of chirped signals 800 depend on the parameters of the chirped signals 802. More specifically, the obtainable Doppler and ranging estimates vary with the parameters in the following ways:

[0146] in: F s It is the analog-to-digital sampling frequency used to sample the chirped signal; c =Speed ​​of light; T c = Chirp signal duration; S =Chirp signal relative to T c The frequency slope; B =Bandwidth of the chirped signal; λ = wavelength of the chirped signal carrier frequency; and N = the number of chirping signals.

[0147] Some aspects of this disclosure are implemented with the understanding that a chirped signal occupies the entire bandwidth (or a significant portion of the bandwidth) allocated to the UE for communication and sensing. The chirped signal occupies the entire allocated bandwidth, even if it only occupies a few symbols or time slots during sensing operation. The chirped signal is transmitted and the bandwidth is used even when there is no target object nearby. According to various aspects of this disclosure, efficient resource allocation schemes for integrated communication and sensing systems are disclosed, which increase the spectral efficiency of the integrated communication and sensing systems, particularly in applications where nearby target objects are not always present in the sensing environment.

[0148] An integrated communication and sensing system operates within an allocated frequency range assigned to network devices of an integrated system used for both data communication and sensing. According to certain aspects of this disclosure, two different sets of chirped signals with different bandwidths within the allocated frequency range are employed. In one aspect, a first set of first chirped signals transmitted with a first bandwidth within the allocated frequency range is used to make a coarse Doppler determination to determine the presence of any moving object (e.g., a target object) in the sensing environment. A second set of second chirped signals is transmitted using a second, larger bandwidth within the allocated frequency range to obtain an accurate Doppler and range measurement of the target object initially detected using the first set of first chirped signals. Spectral efficiency is achieved by limiting the transmission of the larger bandwidth chirped signal to instances where a moving object has already been detected in the sensing environment while using the lower bandwidth chirped signal.

[0149] Figure 9The first set of example chirp signals 902 and the second set of example chirp signals 904 are shown according to various aspects of this disclosure. Figure 9 In this example, the first set of chirp signals 902 and the second set of chirp signals 904 are transmitted at different times and using different bandwidths within the allocated frequency range. The allocated frequency range starts from frequency... f c Start and extend to the end frequency f c + BW ,in BW This corresponds to the full bandwidth of the allocated frequency range. In one aspect, the first set of chirped signals 902 includes a number of first chirped signals 906. N 1 It has S1 The frequency slope of the upward-curving sawtooth frequency curve. The first chirped signal has a chirped duration. T c1 Furthermore, it is transmitted within the first set of chirp signals 902, without a significant gap between adjacent first chirp signals 906. Therefore, the first set of chirp signals 902 has a duration. N 1 T c1 Set. The first chirp signal 906 occupies the bandwidth of the allocated frequency range. BW1 .bandwidth BW1 The total bandwidth that constitutes only the allocated frequency range BW Part of it, thus leaving f c + BW1 and f c + BW The spectrum between them can be used for other applications (e.g., data communication and / or other sensing operations). Since the first set of chirped signals 904 is used for coarse Doppler detection of motion of a target object that may exist in the sensing environment, the first chirped signals can be limited to the minimum bandwidth required to perform coarse Doppler detection. The bandwidth and other parameters of the first set of chirped signals 902 can be selected to obtain the desired level of coarse Doppler detection while minimizing the resource requirements for their transmission and processing.

[0150] In one aspect, the second set of chirp signals 904 includes the number of second chirp signals 908. N 2 It has S2 The frequency slope is an upward-sloping chirped sawtooth frequency curve. The second chirped signal 908 has a chirped duration. T c2Furthermore, it is transmitted within the second set of chirp signals 904, without a significant gap between adjacent second chirp signals 908. Therefore, the second set of chirp signals 904 has a duration. N 2 T c2 Set. The second chirp signal 906 occupies the bandwidth of the allocated frequency range. BW2 The bandwidth occupied by the second chirp signal 908 BW2 Greater than the bandwidth occupied by the first chirp signal 906 BW1 In one aspect, the bandwidth of the second set of chirped signals 904... BW2 Other parameters are selected to obtain the accuracy required for Doppler and range measurements. In one aspect, bandwidth... BW2 The entire bandwidth of the allocated frequency range can be occupied. BW It may be possible to limit the bandwidth to the allocated frequency range. BW Only a portion of it.

[0151] The first set of chirp signals 902 may be transmitted on a semi-continuous basis (e.g., periodically or at fixed intervals) for coarse detection of motion associated with a target object. Transmission of the first set of chirp signals 902 may continue on a semi-continuous basis until the reflection of the first chirp signal 906 indicates motion of one or more target objects in the sensing environment.

[0152] When movement of a target object is detected using the first set of chirped signals 902, transmission of the second set of chirped signals 904 can begin. In one aspect, transmission of the first set of chirped signals 902 stops upon detection of target object movement, thereby freeing up resources available for Doppler and range sensing based on the second set of chirped signals 904. In another aspect, the transmission schedule of the first set of chirped signals 902 (e.g., as specified in the chirped set configuration) can be modified such that the first set of chirped signals 902 is transmitted only during the intervals between transmissions of the second set of chirped signals 904. In yet another aspect, the bandwidth of the second set of chirped signals 904... BW2 Occupying the bandwidth of the first set of chirped signals 902 BW1 When occupying different allocated frequency ranges, the first set of chirped signals 902 can continue according to the existing transmission schedule.

[0153] Various options are available regarding how the parameters of the first set of chirp signals 902 relate to the parameters of the second set of chirp signals 904. In one aspect, the slope of the first chirp signal 906... S1 The slope can be less than that of the second chirped signal 908. S2 This reduces the analog-to-digital sampling rate required to process the first chirped signal 906. In one aspect, the chirped duration can be the same (e.g., Tc1 = T c2 In one respect, the number of chirp signals within the group can be different (e.g., N1 <or= N2 In one respect, the chirping duration can vary (e.g., T c1 > or = T c2 And the duration of the sets can be different (e.g., N1T c1 <or= N2T c2 Based on the following aspects, the slope S1 This can be further reduced to decrease the analog-to-digital sampling rate requirement for processing the first chirp signal 906. For this purpose, the slope... S1 Defined as BW1 / T c1 In the previous example, T c1 = T c2 In this example, T c1 >= T c2 Given the same BW1 slope S1 along with T c1 Increase more than T c2 And reduce.

[0154] Figure 10 The illustration shows a first set of example chirp signals 1002 and a second set of example chirp signals 1004 according to various aspects of this disclosure. The first set of chirp signals 1002 is similar to... Figure 9 The first set of chirp signals 902 shown, except that adjacent first chirp signals 1006 in the first set of chirp signals 1002 are spaced apart by a time interval. G c1 Therefore, the first set of chirp signals 1002 has a duration. N1T c1 + N1G c1 Set. Similarly, the second set of chirp signals 1004 is similar. Figure 9 The second set of chirp signals 904 is shown. Except for the adjacent second chirp signals 1008 in the second set of chirp signals 1004, which are spaced apart by a time interval... G c2 Therefore, the second set of chirp signals 1004 has a duration. N2T c2 +N2G c2 Collection. Time gap. G c2 and G c2 The system may optionally provide the hardware implementing the system with the opportunity to reset the settings of each subsequent chirp signal (e.g., setting the initial frequency, initial phase, etc. of the next chirp signal after the previous chirp signal has been sent).

[0155] Various options are available regarding the relationship between the parameters of the first set of chirp signals 1002 and the second set of chirp signals 1004. In one aspect, the slope of the first chirp signal 1006... S1 The slope can be less than that of the second chirped signal 1008. S2 In one respect, the chirping duration can be the same (e.g., T c1 = T c2 The number of chirps within this group can be different (e.g., N1 <or= N2 ), and the time interval between adjacent chirp signals within the group can be the same (e.g., G c1 = G c2 In one respect, the chirping duration can be the same (e.g., T c1 = T c2 The number of chirps within this group can be different (e.g., N1 <or= N2 Furthermore, the time intervals between adjacent chirped signals within this group can be different (e.g., G c1 <or= G c2 In this case, the upper limit frequency associated with the second set of chirp signals 1004 is greater than the upper limit frequency associated with the first set of chirp signals 1002. In one aspect, the chirp durations may be the same or different (e.g., T c1 > = T c2 The duration of the sets can be the same or different (e.g., N1T c1 + N1G c1 <or= N2T c2 + N2G c2 ), and the time interval between adjacent chirp signals within the group can be the same (e.g., Gc1 = G c2 In one aspect, the chirping durations can be the same or different (e.g., T c1 > = T c2 The duration of the sets can be the same or different (e.g., N1T c1 + N1G c1 <or= N2T c2 + N2G c2 ), and the time intervals between adjacent chirped signals within the group may be the same or different (e.g., G c1 <or= G c2 In various scenarios, the gap can be based on the UE's capabilities, allowing the timing gap between two chirped signals to be used in the hardware implementation to reset the settings of the chirped generation (e.g., initial frequency, initial phase, etc.).

[0156] Figure 11 The illustration shows a first set of example chirp signals 1102 and a second set of example chirp signals 1104 according to various aspects of this disclosure. The first set of chirp signals 1102 is similar to... Figure 9 The first set of chirp signals 902 shown, except that the first chirp signal 1106 in the first set of chirp signals 1102 has a triangular frequency curve. Similarly, the second set of chirp signals 1104 is similar. Figure 9 The second set of chirp signals 904 shown, except that the second chirp signal 1108 in the second set of chirp signals 1104 has a triangular frequency curve. According to various aspects of this disclosure, the use of chirp signals with triangular frequency curves can be used to achieve continuous phase of adjacent chirp signals in each set of chirp signals, thereby simplifying the hardware implementation.

[0157] Various options are available regarding the relationship between the parameters of the first set of chirp signals 1102 and the second set of chirp signals 1104. In one aspect, the chirp durations can be the same (e.g., T c1 = T c2 The number of chirps in this group can be different (e.g., N1 <or= N2 In one aspect, the chirping durations can be the same or different (e.g., T c1 > or = T c2 And the duration of the sets can be the same or different (e.g.,N1T c1 <or= N2T c2 ). (e.g., combined) Figure 9 Similarly, it is pointed out that, according to the following aspect, the slope S1 It can be further reduced to decrease the analog-to-digital sampling rate requirement for processing the first chirped signal.

[0158] Figure 12 An example transmission 1200 according to various aspects of this disclosure is shown, wherein multiple sets of chirped signals having the same set characteristics are transmitted at different times using different start frequencies. In this example, two sets of chirped signals are transmitted, namely, a first set of chirped signals 1202 and a second set of chirped signals 1204, both of which are used for coarse Doppler sensing. Chirped signal 1206 of the first set of chirped signals 1202 and chirped signal 1208 of the second set of chirped signals 1204 have the same chirping duration. T c1 Same frequency curve (e.g., sawtooth frequency curve) and bandwidth of the same magnitude. BW1 Similarly, the chirp signals 1202 and 1204 in each group have the same number of chirp signals. N1 and the same set duration N1T c1 However, although the chirp signal 1206 of the first set of chirp signals 1202 has in f c The start frequency is below, but the chirp signal 1208 of the second group 1204 has a start frequency from the chirp signal 1206. f c Displacement frequency offset f offset The start frequency. According to certain aspects of this disclosure, the first set of chirp signals 1202 and the second set of chirp signals 1204 can be bandwidth-aggregated and processed to detect the motion of a target object in the sensing environment. Bandwidth aggregation can be used to obtain a sensing accuracy greater than that achievable using either the first set of chirp signals 1202 or the second set of chirp signals 1206 alone. Although in Figure 12 In the example shown, the frequency ranges occupied by the first set of chirp signals 1202 and the second set of chirp signals 1204 overlap, but it should be understood that the frequency ranges occupied by the first set of chirp signals 1202 and the second set of chirp signals 1204 can be within mutually exclusive frequency ranges of non-overlapping allocated frequency ranges.

[0159] In one aspect of this disclosure, the chirp set configuration of the first set of chirp signals and the second set of chirp signals can be communicated to the network device responsible for chirp transmission. According to various aspects, the chirp set configuration of the first set of chirp signals and the second set of chirp signals can be communicated in a system information block, radio resource control signaling, or a combination thereof. In one aspect, the chirp set configuration of the second set of chirp signals can be initiated at the network device based on: 1) one or more Media Access Control Elements (MAC-CE); 2) one or more Downlink Control Information Indicators (DCI); 3) one or more Dynamic Time Domain Resource Allocations (TDRA); or 4) any combination thereof.

[0160] A chirp set configuration provides indications of various parameters used in transmitting the set of chirp signals. In one aspect, the chirp signal configuration may indicate: 1) the start frequency of the chirp signals in the set; 2) the chirp bandwidth of the chirp signals in the set; 3) the end frequency of the chirp signals in the set; 4) a first time interval during which the chirp signals transition from the start frequency over the chirp bandwidth; 5) a second time interval during which the chirp signals in the set transition from the start frequency to the end frequency; 6) a first time gap between adjacent chirp signals in the set; 7) the number of chirp signals transmitted in each of the sets; 8) a second time gap between transmissions of sequential chirp signal sets; 9) the chirp frequency profile of the chirp signals in the set; 10) the slope of the chirp frequency profile; 11) a start frequency offset from the start frequency (e.g., where multiple transmissions of the first chirp signals in the first set will be bandwidth aggregated); or 12) any combination thereof.

[0161] Figure 13 The following is a sequence of example operations that can be performed in a single-site sensing scenario 1300 according to various aspects of this disclosure. In the example single-site sensing scenario 1300, base station 1302 is responsible for providing UE 1304 with a chirp set configuration used by the UE to sense the motion and range of the RF-reflecting target object 1306. In operation 1308, UE 1304 generates a capability report indicating that UE 1304 is capable of single-site sensing and sends the capability report to base station 1302. In operation 1310, base station 1302 sends a first chirp set configuration of a first set of chirp signals and a second chirp set configuration of a second set of chirp signals to UE 1304.

[0162] In operation 1312, UE 1304 transmits a set of first chirp signals based on a first chirp set configuration and performs coarse Doppler sensing based on the first chirp signals reflected from a target object (such as target object 1306) to UE 1304. In one aspect, coarse Doppler sensing is performed to sense motion of any nearby target object (e.g., target object 1306). In this example, during the coarse Doppler sensing performed in operation 1312, target object 1306 does not move and no object motion is detected.

[0163] In operation 1314, UE 1304 transmits another set of first chirp signals based on the first chirp set configuration and performs another coarse Doppler sensing of the reflected first chirp signals. In this example, during the coarse Doppler sensing performed in operation 1314, the target object 1306 is in motion and the motion is detected by UE 1406.

[0164] In operation 1316, based on the detection of motion of target object 1306 in operation 1314, UE 1304 transmits a set of second chirp signals based on the second chirp set configuration. The second chirp signals reflected by target object 1306 are processed by UE 1304 to obtain accurate Doppler sensing and range information associated with target object 1306. In operation 1318, the Doppler sensing and range information is used to create a sensing report, which is then sent to base station 1302.

[0165] Figure 14 This section illustrates a sequence of example operations that can be performed in a multi-site sensing scenario 1400 according to various aspects of this disclosure. In the example multi-site sensing scenario 1400 (shown herein as a bi-site sensing scenario), base station 1402 is responsible for transmitting a chirp signal that can be reflected by target object 1404 and sensed by UE 1406. In scenario 1400, UE 1406 generates a UE capability report indicating that UE 1406 is capable of multi-site sensing in operation 1408 and sends the capability report to base station 1402. In operation 1410, the base station provides indications of parameters configured for the first and second check sets to UE 1406.

[0166] In operation 1412, base station 1402 transmits a set of first chirp signals based on a first chirp set configuration. In operation 1414, any of the first chirp signals reflected by target object 1404 and received by UE 1406 are subjected to coarse Doppler sensing to determine whether any nearby objects (such as target object 1404) are in motion. In this example, during coarse Doppler sensing operation 1414, target object 1404 is not moving and no object motion is detected.

[0167] In operation 1416, base station 1402 transmits another set of first chirp signals based on the first chirp set configuration. In operation 1418, any first chirp signals reflected by target object 1404 and received by UE 1406 are subjected to coarse Doppler sensing to determine whether any nearby objects (such as target object 1404) are in motion. In this example, target object 1404 is in motion, and in operation 1420, an indication that motion of the detected object is sent by UE 1406 to base station 1402.

[0168] Based on the report received from UE 1406, base station 1402 sends a set of second chirped signals in operation 1422. In operation 1422, this set of second chirped signals is sent by base station 1402 based on a second chirped set configuration. In operation 1424, the second chirped signal reflected by target object 1404 and received by UE 1406 is processed by UE 1406 to obtain accurate Doppler sensing and range detection of target object 1404. In operation 1426, UE 1406 generates a sensing report including Doppler sensing and range detection information and sends the sensing report to base station 1402.

[0169] Figure 15 An example method 1500 of wireless communication, which can be performed by a network device according to various aspects of this disclosure, is illustrated. In operation 1502, the network device transmits one or more first sets of first chirp signals in a first bandwidth of an allocated frequency range assigned to the network device for data communication and sensing signals. In one aspect, operation 1502 may be performed by one or more WWAN transceivers 310, one or more processors 332, memory 340, and / or positioning components 342, any or all of which may be considered as components for performing the operation. In another aspect, operation 1502 may be performed by one or more network transceivers 398, one or more processors 394, memory 396, and / or positioning components 398, any or all of which may be considered as components for performing the operation.

[0170] In operation 1504, the network device transmits one or more second sets of second chirp signals within a second bandwidth of an allocated frequency range, wherein the second bandwidth is greater than the first bandwidth. In one aspect, operation 1504 may be performed by one or more WWAN transceivers 310, one or more processors 332, memory 340, and / or positioning components 342, any or all of which may be considered as components for performing the operation. In another aspect, operation 1504 may be performed by one or more network transceivers 398, one or more processors 394, memory 396, and / or positioning components 398, any or all of which may be considered as components for performing the operation.

[0171] As will be understood, the technical advantage of method 1500 is that it limits the transmission of a large-bandwidth chirped signal to a scenario where a moving target object has already been detected using coarse Doppler sensing with a smaller-bandwidth chirped signal. Therefore, the larger radio resource requirements and more complex processing associated with the larger-bandwidth chirped signal are only needed after a nearby object has been detected using more efficient radio resource allocation and less complex processing associated with the smaller-bandwidth chirped signal.

[0172] In some aspects, the first chirp signal has a first chirp duration; the second chirp signal has a second chirp duration; the one or more first groups of the first chirp signals have a first set duration; and the one or more second groups of the second chirp signals have a second set duration.

[0173] In some respects, the first chirp duration and the second chirp duration have the same chirp duration; and the first number of first chirps in each of the one or more first groups occurring during the first set duration is different from the second number of second chirps in each of the one or more second groups occurring during the second set duration.

[0174] In some respects, the first number of the first chirps is less than or equal to the second number of the second chirps.

[0175] In some respects, the first chirp duration and the second chirp duration have different chirp durations; and the first set duration is different from the second set duration.

[0176] In some respects, the duration of the first set is less than or equal to the duration of the second set.

[0177] In some aspects, each first chirp signal of the one or more first groups is spaced apart from an adjacent second chirp signal by a first time interval; each first group of the one or more first groups has a first number of first chirp signals; each second chirp signal of the one or more second groups is spaced apart from an adjacent second chirp signal by a second time interval; and each second group of the one or more second groups has a second number of second chirp signals.

[0178] In some aspects, the first time gap and the second time gap have the same gap duration; the first chirp duration and the second chirp duration have the same chirp duration; and the first number of the first chirp signal is less than or equal to the second number of the second chirp signal.

[0179] In some aspects, the first time interval is less than or equal to the second time interval; the first chirp duration and the second chirp duration have the same chirp duration; and the first number of the first chirp signal is less than or equal to the second number of the second chirp signal.

[0180] In some aspects, the first time interval and the second time interval have the same time interval; the first chirp duration is greater than or equal to the second chirp duration; and the first set duration is less than or equal to the second set duration.

[0181] In some aspects, the first time gap is less than or equal to the second time gap; the first chirp duration is greater than or equal to the second chirp duration; and the first number of the durations of the first set of chirp signals is less than or equal to the duration of the second set.

[0182] In some aspects, the one or more first sets of first chirps are transmitted in one or more frames based on a frame structure comprising one or more symbols and one or more time slots; and each chirp of the one or more first sets of first chirps has a corresponding duration.

[0183] In some aspects, the method includes communicating with one or more other network devices in a third bandwidth of the allocated frequency range while transmitting the one or more first sets of first chirp signals in the first bandwidth of the allocated frequency range, wherein the first bandwidth and the third bandwidth are mutually exclusive frequency ranges within the allocated frequency range.

[0184] In some respects, the first bandwidth and the second bandwidth have partially overlapping frequency ranges within the allocated frequency range.

[0185] In some respects, the one or more second sets of second chirped signals are transmitted based on one or more reflections of the first chirped signal associated with the motion of one or more radio frequency (RF) reflecting objects.

[0186] In some aspects, the method includes performing multibase sensing of the motion of the one or more RF reflective objects; and receiving from one or more additional network devices an indication that the one or more reflections of the first chirp signal have been determined by the one or more additional network devices to be associated with the motion of the one or more RF reflective objects.

[0187] In some aspects, the method includes performing single-station sensing of the motion of the one or more RF reflecting objects; and receiving at the network device the one or more reflections of the first chirp signal associated with the motion of the one or more RF reflecting objects.

[0188] In some aspects, the method includes: determining a range associated with the one or more RF reflecting objects based on one or more reflections of the second chirp signal; determining a velocity associated with the one or more RF reflecting objects based on one or more reflections of the second chirp signal; or a combination thereof.

[0189] In some aspects, one or more of the first chirp signals of the one or more first groups include: a sawtooth chirp signal having a sawtooth frequency curve that varies with time; a triangular chirp signal having a first portion with a frequency that increases with time and a second portion with a frequency that decreases with time; or any combination thereof.

[0190] In some respects, the one or more first sets of first chirp signals are transmitted on a semi-persistent basis.

[0191] In some aspects, the method includes receiving a first chirp set configuration for transmitting the one or more first sets of first chirp signals.

[0192] In some respects, the first set of chirps is configured to be received in radio resource control signaling; or any combination thereof.

[0193] In some aspects, the first chirp set configuration indicates: the start frequency of the first chirp signal of the one or more first groups; the first bandwidth of the first chirp signal of the one or more first groups; the end frequency of the first chirp signal of the one or more first groups; a first time period during which the first chirp signal of the one or more first groups transitions from the start frequency over the first bandwidth; a second time period during which the first chirp signal of the one or more first groups transitions from the start frequency to the end frequency; a first time interval between adjacent first chirp signals of the one or more first groups; the number of first chirp signals transmitted in each first group of the one or more first groups; a second time interval between transmissions of each first group of the one or more first groups; a chirp frequency curve of the first chirp signal; the slope of the chirp frequency curve; a start frequency offset from the start frequency; or any combination thereof.

[0194] In some aspects, the method further includes: receiving a second chirp set configuration for transmitting the one or more second sets of second chirp signals; and the second chirp set configuration is initiated at the network device based on one or more downlink control information indications (DCIs); one or more dynamic time-domain resource allocations (TDRAs); or any combination thereof.

[0195] In some aspects, transmitting the one or more first groups includes: transmitting a first group of the one or more first groups in a first frequency range starting at a first start frequency; and transmitting a second group of the one or more first groups in a second frequency range starting at a second start frequency offset from the first start frequency.

[0196] In some aspects, the method includes determining, based on bandwidth aggregation of the first chirped signal of the first group of one or more first groups and the first chirped signal of the second group of one or more first groups, that one or more reflections of the first chirped signal are associated with motion of one or more RF reflecting objects.

[0197] Figure 16An example method 1600 of wireless communication, which can be performed by a network device according to various aspects of this disclosure, is illustrated. In operation 1602, the network device measures one or more first sets of first chirp signals within a first bandwidth of an allocated frequency range assigned to the network device for data communication and sensing signals. In one aspect, operation 1602 may be performed by one or more WWAN transceivers 310, one or more processors 332, memory 340, and / or positioning components 342, any or all of which may be considered as components for performing the operation. In another aspect, operation 1602 may be performed by one or more network transceivers 398, one or more processors 394, memory 396, and / or positioning components 398, any or all of which may be considered as components for performing the operation.

[0198] In operation 1604, the network device measures one or more second sets of second chirp signals within a second bandwidth of an allocated frequency range, wherein the second bandwidth is greater than the first bandwidth. In one aspect, operation 1604 may be performed by one or more WWAN transceivers 310, one or more processors 332, memory 340, and / or positioning components 342, any or all of which may be considered as components for performing the operation. In another aspect, operation 1604 may be performed by one or more network transceivers 398, one or more processors 394, memory 396, and / or positioning components 398, any or all of which may be considered as components for performing the operation.

[0199] In some aspects, the method includes an indication of the motion of one or more reflections that transmit the first chirp signal and one or more radio frequency (RF) reflecting objects.

[0200] In some aspects, the method includes determining a range associated with one or more RF reflecting objects based on one or more reflections of the second chirp signal; determining a velocity associated with the one or more RF reflecting objects based on one or more reflections of the second chirp signal; or a combination thereof.

[0201] As will be understood, the technical advantage of method 1600 is that it limits the measurement of chirped signals with a larger bandwidth to situations where a moving target object has already been detected using coarse Doppler sensing with a chirped signal with a smaller bandwidth. Therefore, the larger radio resource requirements and more complex processing associated with the larger bandwidth chirped signal are only needed after a nearby object has been detected using more efficient radio resource allocation and less complex processing associated with the smaller bandwidth chirped signal.

[0202] As can be seen in the detailed description above, different features are grouped together in the examples. This manner of disclosure should not be construed as an intention to have more features than those explicitly mentioned in each clause. Rather, the various aspects of this disclosure may include fewer features than those in the individual example clauses disclosed. Therefore, the following clauses should be regarded accordingly as incorporated into the description, where each clause may serve as a separate example. Although each dependent clause may refer in the clause to a specific combination with one of the other clauses, the aspect of that dependent clause is not limited to that specific combination. It should be understood that other example clauses may also include combinations of aspects of a dependent clause with the subject matter of any other dependent or independent clause, or combinations of any feature with other dependent and independent clauses. The various aspects disclosed herein explicitly include these combinations unless explicitly stated or readily inferred that a particular combination is not intended for use (e.g., contradictory aspects, such as defining an element as both an electrical insulator and an electrical conductor). Furthermore, it is contemplated that aspects of a clause may be included in any other independent clause, even if that clause does not directly depend on the independent clause.

[0203] Specific implementation examples are described in the following numbered clauses: Clause 1. A method of wireless communication performed by a network device, the method comprising: transmitting one or more first sets of first chirped signals in a first bandwidth of an allocated frequency range assigned to the network device for data communication and sensing signals; and transmitting one or more second sets of second chirped signals in a second bandwidth of the allocated frequency range, wherein the second bandwidth is greater than the first bandwidth.

[0204] Clause 2. The method according to Clause 1, wherein: the first chirp signal has a first chirp duration; the second chirp signal has a second chirp duration; the one or more first groups of the first chirp signals have a first set duration; and the one or more second groups of the second chirp signals have a second set duration.

[0205] Clause 3. The method according to Clause 2, wherein: the first chirp duration and the second chirp duration have the same chirp duration; and the first number of first chirps in each of the one or more first groups occurring during the first set duration is less than or equal to the second number of second chirps in each of the one or more second groups occurring during the second set duration.

[0206] Clause 4. The method according to Clause 2, wherein: the first chirp duration and the second chirp duration have different chirp durations; and the first set duration is different from the second set duration.

[0207] Clause 5. The method according to Clause 4, wherein: the duration of the first set is less than or equal to the duration of the second set.

[0208] Clause 6. The method according to Clause 2, wherein: each first chirp signal of the one or more first groups is spaced apart from an adjacent second chirp signal by a first time interval; each of the one or more first groups has a first number of first chirp signals; each of the one or more second groups is spaced apart from an adjacent second chirp signal by a second time interval; and each of the one or more second groups has a second number of second chirp signals.

[0209] Clause 7. The method according to Clause 6, wherein: the first time gap and the second time gap have the same gap duration; the first chirp duration and the second chirp duration have the same chirp duration; and the first number of the first chirp signal is less than or equal to the second number of the second chirp signal.

[0210] Clause 8. The method according to Clause 6, wherein: the first time gap is less than or equal to the second time gap; the first chirp duration and the second chirp duration have the same chirp duration; and the first number of the first chirp signal is less than or equal to the second number of the second chirp signal.

[0211] Clause 9. The method according to Clause 6, wherein: the first time gap and the second time gap have the same time gap; the first chirp duration is greater than or equal to the second chirp duration; and the first set duration is less than or equal to the second set duration.

[0212] Clause 10. The method according to Clause 6, wherein: the first time gap is less than or equal to the second time gap; the first chirp duration is greater than or equal to the second chirp duration; and the first number of the durations of the first set of chirp signals is less than or equal to the duration of the second set.

[0213] Clause 11. The method according to any one of Clauses 1 to 10, wherein: the one or more first groups of first chirped signals are transmitted in one or more frames based on a frame structure comprising one or more symbols and one or more time slots; and each chirped signal of the one or more first groups of first chirped signals has a duration corresponding to: a symbol in the one or more frames; a plurality of symbols in the one or more frames; a time slot in the one or more frames; a plurality of time slots in the one or more frames; a plurality of frames in the one or more frames; or any combination thereof.

[0214] Clause 12. The method according to any one of Clauses 1 to 11, the method further comprising: communicating with one or more other network devices in a third bandwidth of the allocated frequency range while transmitting the one or more first sets of first chirp signals in a first bandwidth of the allocated frequency range, wherein the first bandwidth and the third bandwidth are mutually exclusive frequency ranges of the allocated frequency range.

[0215] Clause 13. The method according to any one of Clauses 1 to 12, wherein: the first bandwidth and the second bandwidth have partially overlapping frequency ranges in the allocated frequency range.

[0216] Clause 14. The method according to any one of Clauses 1 to 13, wherein: the one or more second sets of second chirped signals are transmitted based on one or more reflections of the first chirped signal associated with the motion of one or more radio frequency (RF) reflecting objects.

[0217] Clause 15. The method according to Clause 14, the method further comprising: performing multi-base sensing of the motion of the one or more RF reflecting objects; and receiving from one or more additional network devices an indication that the one or more reflections of the first chirp signal have been determined by the one or more additional network devices to be associated with the motion of the one or more RF reflecting objects.

[0218] Clause 16. The method according to Clause 14, the method further comprising: performing single-station sensing of the motion of the one or more RF reflecting objects; and receiving at the network device the one or more reflections of the first chirp signal associated with the motion of the one or more RF reflecting objects.

[0219] Clause 17. The method according to any one of Clauses 14 to 16, the method further comprising: determining a range associated with the one or more RF reflective objects based on one or more reflections of the second chirped signal; determining a velocity associated with the one or more RF reflective objects based on one or more reflections of the second chirped signal; or a combination thereof.

[0220] Clause 18. The method according to any one of Clauses 1 to 17, wherein one or more of the first chirp signals of the one or more first groups comprise: a sawtooth chirp signal having a sawtooth frequency curve that varies over time; a triangular chirp signal having a first portion of frequency that increases over time and a second portion of frequency that decreases over time; or any combination thereof.

[0221] Clause 19. The method according to any one of Clauses 1 to 18, wherein: the one or more first groups of the first chirped signals are transmitted on a semi-persistent basis.

[0222] Clause 20. The method according to any one of Clauses 1 to 19, the method further comprising: receiving a first chirp set configuration for transmitting the one or more first sets of the first chirp signals.

[0223] Clause 21. The method according to Clause 20, wherein: the first chirp set is configured to receive: system information blocks; radio resource control signaling; or any combination thereof.

[0224] Clause 22. The method according to any one of Clauses 20 to 21, wherein the first chirp set configuration indicates: the start frequency of the first chirp signal of the one or more first groups; the first bandwidth of the first chirp signal of the one or more first groups; the end frequency of the first chirp signal of the one or more first groups; a first time period during which the first chirp signal of the one or more first groups transitions from the start frequency over the first bandwidth; a second time period during which the first chirp signal of the one or more first groups transitions from the start frequency to the end frequency; a first time interval between adjacent first chirp signals of the one or more first groups; the number of first chirp signals transmitted in each first group of the one or more first groups; a second time interval between transmissions of each first group of the one or more first groups; a chirp frequency curve of the first chirp signal; the slope of the chirp frequency curve; a start frequency offset from the start frequency; or any combination thereof.

[0225] Clause 23. The method according to any one of Clauses 1 to 22, the method further comprising: receiving a second chirp set configuration for transmitting the one or more second sets of the second chirp signals; and the second chirp set configuration being initiated at the network device based on: one or more Media Access Control Elements (MAC-CE); one or more Downlink Control Information Indicators (DCI); one or more Dynamic Time Domain Resource Allocations (TDRA); or any combination thereof.

[0226] Clause 24. The method according to any one of Clauses 1 to 23, wherein the one or more first groups comprise: a first group of transmitting the one or more first groups in a first frequency range starting at a first start frequency; and a second group of transmitting the one or more first groups in a second frequency range starting at a second start frequency offset from the first start frequency.

[0227] Clause 25. The method according to Clause 24, the method further comprising: determining, based on bandwidth aggregation of the first chirped signal of the first group of the one or more first groups and the first chirped signal of the second group of the one or more first groups, that one or more reflections of the first chirped signal are associated with motion of one or more RF reflecting objects.

[0228] Clause 26. A method of wireless communication performed by a network device, the method comprising: measuring one or more first sets of first chirped signals in a first bandwidth of an allocated frequency range assigned to the network device for data communication and sensing signals; and measuring one or more second sets of second chirped signals in a second bandwidth of the allocated frequency range, wherein the second bandwidth is greater than the first bandwidth.

[0229] Clause 27. The method according to Clause 26, further comprising: an indication that one or more reflections transmitting the first chirped signal are associated with the motion of one or more radio frequency (RF) reflecting objects.

[0230] Clause 28. The method according to Clause 27, the method further comprising: determining a range associated with one or more RF reflective objects based on one or more reflections of the second chirped signal; determining a velocity associated with the one or more RF reflective objects based on one or more reflections of the second chirped signal; or a combination thereof.

[0231] Clause 29. A network device comprising: one or more memories; one or more transceivers; and one or more processors communicatively coupled to the one or more memories and the one or more transceivers, the one or more processors being individually or in combination configured to: transmit one or more first sets of first chirped signals via the one or more transceivers in a first bandwidth of an allocated frequency range assigned to the network device for data communication and sensing signals; and transmit one or more second sets of second chirped signals via the one or more transceivers in a second bandwidth of the allocated frequency range, wherein the second bandwidth is greater than the first bandwidth.

[0232] Clause 30. The network device according to Clause 29, wherein: the first chirp signal has a first chirp duration; the second chirp signal has a second chirp duration; the one or more first groups of the first chirp signals have a first set duration; and the one or more second groups of the second chirp signals have a second set duration.

[0233] Clause 31. The network device according to Clause 30, wherein: the first chirp duration and the second chirp duration have the same chirp duration; and the first number of first chirps in each of the one or more first groups occurring during the first set duration is less than or equal to the second number of second chirps in each of the one or more second groups occurring during the second set duration.

[0234] Clause 32. The network device according to Clause 30, wherein: the first chirp duration and the second chirp duration have different chirp durations; and the first set duration is different from the second set duration.

[0235] Clause 33. The network device according to Clause 32, wherein: the duration of the first set is less than or equal to the duration of the second set.

[0236] Clause 34. A network device according to any one of Clauses 30 to 33, wherein: each first chirp signal of the one or more first groups is spaced apart from an adjacent second chirp signal by a first time interval; each of the one or more first groups has a first number of first chirp signals; each of the one or more second groups is spaced apart from an adjacent second chirp signal by a second time interval; and each of the one or more second groups has a second number of second chirp signals.

[0237] Clause 35. The network device according to Clause 34, wherein: the first time gap and the second time gap have the same gap duration; the first chirp duration and the second chirp duration have the same chirp duration; and the first number of the first chirp signal is less than or equal to the second number of the second chirp signal.

[0238] Clause 36. The network device according to Clause 34, wherein: the first time gap is less than or equal to the second time gap; the first chirp duration and the second chirp duration have the same chirp duration; and the first number of the first chirp signal is less than or equal to the second number of the second chirp signal.

[0239] Clause 37. The network device according to Clause 34, wherein: the first time gap and the second time gap have the same time gap; the first chirp duration is greater than or equal to the second chirp duration; and the first set duration is less than or equal to the second set duration.

[0240] Clause 38. The network device according to Clause 34, wherein: the first time gap is less than or equal to the second time gap; the first chirp duration is greater than or equal to the second chirp duration; and the first number of the durations of the first set of chirp signals is less than or equal to the duration of the second set.

[0241] Clause 39. A network device according to any one of Clauses 29 to 38, wherein: the one or more first groups of first chirped signals are transmitted in one or more frames based on a frame structure comprising one or more symbols and one or more time slots; and each chirped signal of the one or more first groups of first chirped signals has a duration corresponding to: a symbol in the one or more frames; a plurality of symbols in the one or more frames; a time slot in the one or more frames; a plurality of time slots in the one or more frames; a plurality of frames in the one or more frames; or any combination thereof.

[0242] Clause 40. A network device according to any one of Clauses 29 to 39, wherein the one or more processors are further configured individually or in combination to: communicate with one or more other network devices via the one or more transceivers in a third bandwidth of the allocated frequency range, while transmitting the one or more first sets of first chirp signals in a first bandwidth of the allocated frequency range, wherein the first bandwidth and the third bandwidth are mutually exclusive frequency ranges of the allocated frequency range.

[0243] Clause 41. A network device according to any one of Clauses 29 to 40, wherein: the first bandwidth and the second bandwidth have partially overlapping frequency ranges in the allocated frequency range.

[0244] Clause 42. The network device according to any one of Clauses 29 to 41, wherein: the one or more second sets of second chirped signals are transmitted based on one or more reflections of the first chirped signal associated with the motion of one or more radio frequency (RF) reflecting objects.

[0245] Clause 43. The network device according to Clause 42, wherein the one or more processors are further configured individually or in combination to: perform multi-base sensing of the motion of the one or more RF reflective objects; and receive, via the one or more transceivers, an indication from one or more other network devices that the one or more other network devices have determined that the one or more reflections of the first chirp signal are associated with the motion of the one or more RF reflective objects.

[0246] Clause 44. A network device according to any one of Clauses 42 to 43, wherein the one or more processors are further configured individually or in combination to: perform single-station sensing of the motion of the one or more RF reflecting objects; and receive, at the network device, the one or more reflections of the first chirp signal associated with the motion of the one or more RF reflecting objects via the one or more transceivers.

[0247] Clause 45. The network device according to any one of Clauses 42 to 43, wherein the one or more processors are further configured individually or in combination to: determine a range associated with the one or more RF reflectors based on one or more reflections of the second chirp signal; determine a speed associated with the one or more RF reflectors based on one or more reflections of the second chirp signal; or a combination thereof.

[0248] Clause 46. The network device according to any one of Clauses 29 to 45, wherein one or more of the first chirp signals of the one or more first groups comprise: a sawtooth chirp signal having a sawtooth frequency curve that varies over time; a triangular chirp signal having a first portion of frequency that increases over time and a second portion of frequency that decreases over time; or any combination thereof.

[0249] Clause 47. The network device according to any one of Clauses 29 to 46, wherein: the one or more first groups of the first chirped signals are transmitted on a semi-persistent basis.

[0250] Clause 48. The network device according to any one of Clauses 29 to 47, wherein the one or more processors are further configured individually or in combination to receive, via the one or more transceivers, a first chirp set configuration for transmitting the one or more first sets of the first chirp signals.

[0251] Clause 49. The network device according to Clause 48, wherein: the first chirp set is configured to receive: system information blocks; radio resource control signaling; or any combination thereof.

[0252] Clause 50. A network device according to any one of Clauses 48 to 49, wherein the first chirp set configuration indicates: the start frequency of the first chirp signal of the one or more first groups; the first bandwidth of the first chirp signal of the one or more first groups; the end frequency of the first chirp signal of the one or more first groups; a first time period during which the first chirp signal of the one or more first groups transitions from the start frequency over the first bandwidth; a second time period during which the first chirp signal of the one or more first groups transitions from the start frequency to the end frequency; a first time interval between adjacent first chirp signals of the one or more first groups; the number of first chirp signals transmitted in each first group of the one or more first groups; a second time interval between transmissions of each first group of the one or more first groups; a chirp frequency curve of the first chirp signal; the slope of the chirp frequency curve; a start frequency offset from the start frequency; or any combination thereof.

[0253] Clause 51. The network device according to any one of Clauses 29 to 50, wherein the one or more processors are further configured individually or in combination to: receive a second chirp set configuration for transmitting the one or more second sets of the second chirp signals; and the second chirp set configuration is initiated at the network device based on: one or more Media Access Control Elements (MAC-CE); one or more Downlink Control Information Indicators (DCI); one or more Dynamic Time Domain Resource Allocations (TDRA); or any combination thereof.

[0254] Clause 52. A network device according to any one of Clauses 29 to 51, wherein transmitting the one or more first groups comprises: transmitting a first group of the one or more first groups via the one or more transceivers in a first frequency range starting at a first start frequency; and transmitting a second group of the one or more first groups via the one or more transceivers in a second frequency range starting at a second start frequency offset from the first start frequency.

[0255] Clause 53. The network device according to Clause 52, wherein the one or more processors are further configured individually or in combination to: determine, based on bandwidth aggregation of the first chirp signal of the first group of the one or more first groups and the first chirp signal of the second group of the one or more first groups, that one or more reflections of the first chirp signal are associated with the motion of one or more RF reflecting objects.

[0256] Clause 54. A network device comprising: one or more memories; one or more transceivers; and one or more processors communicatively coupled to the one or more memories and the one or more transceivers, the one or more processors being individually or in combination configured to: measure one or more first sets of first chirped signals in a first bandwidth of an allocated frequency range assigned to the network device for data communication and sensing signals; and measure one or more second sets of second chirped signals in a second bandwidth of the allocated frequency range, wherein the second bandwidth is greater than the first bandwidth.

[0257] Clause 55. The network device according to Clause 54, wherein the one or more processors are further configured individually or in combination to: transmit, via the one or more transceivers, an indication of the motion of one or more radio frequency (RF) reflecting objects associated with one or more reflections of the first chirped signal.

[0258] Clause 56. The network device according to Clause 55, wherein the one or more processors are further configured individually or in combination to: determine a range associated with one or more RF reflective objects based on one or more reflections of the second chirp signal; determine a velocity associated with the one or more RF reflective objects based on one or more reflections of the second chirp signal; or a combination thereof.

[0259] Clause 57. A network device comprising: means for transmitting one or more first sets of first chirped signals in a first bandwidth of an allocated frequency range assigned to the network device for data communication and sensing signals; and means for transmitting one or more second sets of second chirped signals in a second bandwidth of the allocated frequency range, wherein the second bandwidth is greater than the first bandwidth.

[0260] Clause 58. The network device according to Clause 57, wherein: the first chirp signal has a first chirp duration; the second chirp signal has a second chirp duration; the one or more first groups of the first chirp signals have a first set duration; and the one or more second groups of the second chirp signals have a second set duration.

[0261] Clause 59. The network device according to Clause 58, wherein: the first chirp duration and the second chirp duration have the same chirp duration; and the first number of first chirps in each of the one or more first groups occurring during the first set duration is less than or equal to the second number of second chirps in each of the one or more second groups occurring during the second set duration.

[0262] Clause 60. The network device according to Clause 58, wherein: the first chirp duration and the second chirp duration have different chirp durations; and the first set duration is different from the second set duration.

[0263] Clause 61. The network device according to Clause 60, wherein: the duration of the first set is less than or equal to the duration of the second set.

[0264] Clause 62. The network device according to Clause 58, wherein: each first chirp signal of the one or more first groups is spaced apart from an adjacent second chirp signal by a first time interval; each of the one or more first groups has a first number of first chirp signals; each of the one or more second groups is spaced apart from an adjacent second chirp signal by a second time interval; and each of the one or more second groups has a second number of second chirp signals.

[0265] Clause 63. The network device according to Clause 62, wherein: the first time gap and the second time gap have the same gap duration; the first chirp duration and the second chirp duration have the same chirp duration; and the first number of the first chirp signal is less than or equal to the second number of the second chirp signal.

[0266] Clause 64. The network device according to Clause 62, wherein: the first time gap is less than or equal to the second time gap; the first chirp duration and the second chirp duration have the same chirp duration; and the first number of the first chirp signal is less than or equal to the second number of the second chirp signal.

[0267] Clause 65. The network device according to Clause 62, wherein: the first time gap and the second time gap have the same time gap; the first chirp duration is greater than or equal to the second chirp duration; and the first set duration is less than or equal to the second set duration.

[0268] Clause 66. The network device according to Clause 62, wherein: the first time gap is less than or equal to the second time gap; the first chirp duration is greater than or equal to the second chirp duration; and the first number of the durations of the first set of chirp signals is less than or equal to the duration of the second set.

[0269] Clause 67. A network device according to any one of Clauses 57 to 66, wherein: the one or more first groups of first chirped signals are transmitted in one or more frames based on a frame structure comprising one or more symbols and one or more time slots; and each chirped signal of the one or more first groups of first chirped signals has a duration corresponding to: a symbol in the one or more frames; a plurality of symbols in the one or more frames; a time slot in the one or more frames; a plurality of time slots in the one or more frames; a plurality of frames in the one or more frames; or any combination thereof.

[0270] Clause 68. The network device according to any one of Clauses 57 to 67, the network device further comprising: means for communicating with one or more other network devices in a third bandwidth of the allocated frequency range, while transmitting the one or more first sets of first chirp signals in a first bandwidth of the allocated frequency range, wherein the first bandwidth and the third bandwidth are mutually exclusive frequency ranges of the allocated frequency range.

[0271] Clause 69. A network device according to any one of Clauses 57 to 68, wherein: the first bandwidth and the second bandwidth have partially overlapping frequency ranges in the allocated frequency range.

[0272] Clause 70. A network device according to any one of Clauses 57 to 69, wherein: the one or more second sets of second chirped signals are transmitted based on one or more reflections of the first chirped signal associated with the motion of one or more radio frequency (RF) reflecting objects.

[0273] Clause 71. The network device according to Clause 70, the network device further comprising: a component for performing multi-base sensing of the motion of the one or more RF reflective objects; and a component for receiving from one or more other network devices an indication that the one or more reflections of the first chirp signal have been associated with the motion of the one or more RF reflective objects.

[0274] Clause 72. The network device according to Clause 70, the network device further comprising: a single-station sensing component for performing the motion of the one or more RF reflecting objects; and a component for receiving at the network device the one or more reflections of the first chirp signal associated with the motion of the one or more RF reflecting objects.

[0275] Clause 73. The network device according to any one of Clauses 70 to 72, the network device further comprising: means for determining a range associated with the one or more RF reflectors based on one or more reflections of the second chirp signal; means for determining a speed associated with the one or more RF reflectors based on one or more reflections of the second chirp signal; or a combination thereof.

[0276] Clause 74. The network device according to any one of Clauses 57 to 73, wherein one or more of the first chirp signals of the one or more first groups comprise: a sawtooth chirp signal having a sawtooth frequency curve that varies over time; a triangular chirp signal having a first portion of frequency that increases over time and a second portion of frequency that decreases over time; or any combination thereof.

[0277] Clause 75. The network device according to any one of Clauses 57 to 74, wherein: the one or more first groups of the first chirped signals are transmitted on a semi-persistent basis.

[0278] Clause 76. The network device according to any one of Clauses 57 to 75, the network device further comprising: a component for receiving a first chirp set configuration for transmitting the one or more first sets of the first chirp signals.

[0279] Clause 77. The network device according to Clause 76, wherein: the first chirp set is configured to receive: system information blocks; radio resource control signaling; or any combination thereof.

[0280] Clause 78. A network device according to any one of Clauses 76 to 77, wherein the first chirp set configuration indicates: the start frequency of the first chirp signal of the one or more first groups; the first bandwidth of the first chirp signal of the one or more first groups; the end frequency of the first chirp signal of the one or more first groups; a first time period during which the first chirp signal of the one or more first groups transitions from the start frequency over the first bandwidth; a second time period during which the first chirp signal of the one or more first groups transitions from the start frequency to the end frequency; a first time interval between adjacent first chirp signals of the one or more first groups; the number of first chirp signals transmitted in each first group of the one or more first groups; a second time interval between transmissions of each first group of the one or more first groups; a chirp frequency curve of the first chirp signal; the slope of the chirp frequency curve; a start frequency offset from the start frequency; or any combination thereof.

[0281] Clause 79. The network device according to any one of Clauses 57 to 78, the network device further comprising: receiving a second chirp set configuration for transmitting the one or more second sets of the second chirp signals; and the second chirp set configuration being initiated at the network device based on: one or more Media Access Control Elements (MAC-CE); one or more Downlink Control Information Indicators (DCI); one or more Dynamic Time Domain Resource Allocations (TDRA); or any combination thereof.

[0282] Clause 80. A network device according to any one of Clauses 57 to 79, wherein transmitting the one or more first groups comprises: a component for transmitting the first group of the one or more first groups in a first frequency range starting at a first start frequency; and a component for transmitting the second group of the one or more first groups in a second frequency range starting at a second start frequency offset from the first start frequency.

[0283] Clause 81. The network device according to Clause 80, the network device further comprising: a component for determining, based on bandwidth aggregation of the first chirped signal of the first group of the one or more first groups and the first chirped signal of the second group of the one or more first groups, that one or more reflections of the first chirped signal are associated with motion of one or more RF reflecting objects.

[0284] Clause 82. A network device comprising: means for measuring one or more first sets of first chirped signals in a first bandwidth of an allocated frequency range assigned to the network device for data communication and sensing signals; and means for measuring one or more second sets of second chirped signals in a second bandwidth of the allocated frequency range, wherein the second bandwidth is greater than the first bandwidth.

[0285] Clause 83. The network device according to Clause 82, the network device further comprising: a component for indicating the motion of one or more reflections of the first chirp signal associated with one or more radio frequency (RF) reflecting objects.

[0286] Clause 84. The network device according to Clause 83, the network device further comprising: means for determining a range associated with one or more RF reflective objects based on one or more reflections of the second chirp signal; means for determining a speed associated with the one or more RF reflective objects based on one or more reflections of the second chirp signal; or a combination thereof.

[0287] Clause 85. A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing computer-executable instructions that, when executed by a network device, cause the network device to: transmit one or more first sets of first chirped signals in a first bandwidth of an allocated frequency range assigned to the network device for data communication and sensing signals; and transmit one or more second sets of second chirped signals in a second bandwidth of the allocated frequency range, wherein the second bandwidth is greater than the first bandwidth.

[0288] Clause 86. The non-transitory computer-readable medium according to Clause 85, wherein: the first chirp signal has a first chirp duration; the second chirp signal has a second chirp duration; the one or more first groups of the first chirp signals have a first set duration; and the one or more second groups of the second chirp signals have a second set duration.

[0289] Clause 87. The non-transitory computer-readable medium according to Clause 86, wherein: the first chirp duration and the second chirp duration have the same chirp duration; and a first number of first chirps in each of the one or more first groups occurring during the first set duration is less than or equal to a second number of second chirps in each of the one or more second groups occurring during the second set duration.

[0290] Clause 88. The non-transitory computer-readable medium as described in Clause 86, wherein: the first chirp duration and the second chirp duration have different chirp durations; and the first set duration is different from the second set duration.

[0291] Clause 89. The non-transitory computer-readable medium as described in Clause 88, wherein: the duration of the first set is less than or equal to the duration of the second set.

[0292] Clause 90. The non-transitory computer-readable medium according to Clause 86, wherein: each first chirp signal of the one or more first groups is spaced apart from an adjacent second chirp signal by a first time interval; each of the one or more first groups has a first number of first chirp signals; each of the one or more second groups is spaced apart from an adjacent second chirp signal by a second time interval; and each of the one or more second groups has a second number of second chirp signals.

[0293] Clause 91. The non-transitory computer-readable medium according to Clause 90, wherein: the first time gap and the second time gap have the same gap duration; the first chirp duration and the second chirp duration have the same chirp duration; and the first number of the first chirp signal is less than or equal to the second number of the second chirp signal.

[0294] Clause 92. The non-transitory computer-readable medium according to Clause 90, wherein: the first time gap is less than or equal to the second time gap; the first chirp duration and the second chirp duration have the same chirp duration; and the first number of the first chirp signal is less than or equal to the second number of the second chirp signal.

[0295] Clause 93. The non-transitory computer-readable medium according to Clause 90, wherein: the first time gap and the second time gap have the same time gap; the first chirp duration is greater than or equal to the second chirp duration; and the first set duration is less than or equal to the second set duration.

[0296] Clause 94. The non-transitory computer-readable medium according to Clause 90, wherein: the first time gap is less than or equal to the second time gap; the first chirp duration is greater than or equal to the second chirp duration; and the first number of the durations of the first set of chirp signals is less than or equal to the duration of the second set.

[0297] Clause 95. A non-transitory computer-readable medium according to any one of Clauses 85 to 94, wherein: the one or more first groups of first chirped signals are transmitted in one or more frames based on a frame structure comprising one or more symbols and one or more time slots; and each chirped signal of the one or more first groups of first chirped signals has a duration corresponding to: a symbol in the one or more frames; a plurality of symbols in the one or more frames; a time slot in the one or more frames; a plurality of time slots in the one or more frames; a plurality of frames in the one or more frames; or any combination thereof.

[0298] Clause 96. A nontransitory computer-readable medium according to any one of Clauses 85 to 95, the nontransitory computer-readable medium further comprising computer-executable instructions that, when executed by the network device, cause the network device to: communicate with one or more other network devices in a third bandwidth of the allocated frequency range, while simultaneously transmitting the one or more first sets of first chirp signals in a first bandwidth of the allocated frequency range, wherein the first bandwidth and the third bandwidth are mutually exclusive frequency ranges within the allocated frequency range.

[0299] Clause 97. A non-transitory computer-readable medium according to any one of Clauses 85 to 96, wherein: the first bandwidth and the second bandwidth have partially overlapping frequency ranges in the allocated frequency range.

[0300] Clause 98. A non-transitory computer-readable medium according to any one of Clauses 85 to 97, wherein: the one or more second sets of second chirped signals are transmitted based on one or more reflections of the first chirped signal associated with the motion of one or more radio frequency (RF) reflecting objects.

[0301] Clause 99. The non-transitory computer-readable medium according to Clause 98 further includes computer-executable instructions that, when executed by the network device, cause the network device to: perform multi-base sensing of the motion of the one or more RF reflective objects; and receive from one or more other network devices an indication that the one or more reflections of the first chirp signal have been determined by the one or more other network devices to be associated with the motion of the one or more RF reflective objects.

[0302] Clause 100. A nontransitory computer-readable medium according to any one of Clauses 98 to 99, the nontransitory computer-readable medium further comprising computer-executable instructions that, when executed by the network device, cause the network device to: perform single-station sensing of the motion of the one or more RF reflecting objects; and receive at the network device the one or more reflections of the first chirp signal associated with the motion of the one or more RF reflecting objects.

[0303] Clause 101. A nontransitory computer-readable medium according to any one of Clauses 98 to 100, the nontransitory computer-readable medium further comprising computer-executable instructions, which, when executed by the network device, cause the network device to: determine a range associated with the one or more RF reflectors based on one or more reflections of the second chirp signal; determine a velocity associated with the one or more RF reflectors based on one or more reflections of the second chirp signal; or a combination thereof.

[0304] Clause 102. A non-transitory computer-readable medium according to any one of Clauses 85 to 101, wherein one or more of the first chirp signals of the one or more first groups comprise: a sawtooth chirp signal having a sawtooth frequency profile that varies over time; a triangular chirp signal having a first portion with a frequency that increases over time and a second portion with a frequency that decreases over time; or any combination thereof.

[0305] Clause 103. A non-transitory computer-readable medium according to any one of Clauses 85 to 102, wherein: the one or more first sets of the first chirped signals are transmitted on a semi-persistent basis.

[0306] Clause 104. The non-transitory computer-readable medium according to any one of Clauses 85 to 103, the non-transitory computer-readable medium further comprising computer-executable instructions that, when executed by the network device, cause the network device to: receive a first chirp set configuration for transmitting the one or more first sets of the first chirp signals.

[0307] Clause 105. The non-transitory computer-readable medium as described in Clause 104, wherein: the first chirp set is configured to receive: a system information block; radio resource control signaling; or any combination thereof.

[0308] Clause 106. A non-transitory computer-readable medium according to any one of Clauses 104 to 105, wherein the first chirp set configuration indicates: a start frequency of the first chirp signal of the one or more first groups; a first bandwidth of the first chirp signal of the one or more first groups; an end frequency of the first chirp signal of the one or more first groups; a first time period during which the first chirp signal of the one or more first groups transitions from the start frequency over the first bandwidth; a second time period during which the first chirp signal of the one or more first groups transitions from the start frequency to the end frequency; a first time interval between adjacent first chirp signals of the one or more first groups; the number of first chirp signals transmitted in each first group of the one or more first groups; a second time interval between transmissions of each first group of the one or more first groups; a chirp frequency curve of the first chirp signal; the slope of the chirp frequency curve; a start frequency offset from the start frequency; or any combination thereof.

[0309] Clause 107. A non-transitory computer-readable medium according to any one of Clauses 85 to 106, the non-transitory computer-readable medium further comprising computer-executable instructions that, when executed by the network device, cause the network device to: receive a second chirp set configuration for transmitting the one or more second sets of the second chirp signals; and the second chirp set configuration is initiated at the network device based on: one or more Media Access Control Elements (MAC-CE); one or more Downlink Control Information Indicators (DCI); one or more Dynamic Time Domain Resource Allocations (TDRA); or any combination thereof.

[0310] Clause 108. A non-transitory computer-readable medium according to any one of Clauses 85 to 107, wherein transmitting the one or more first groups comprises: transmitting a first group of the one or more first groups in a first frequency range starting at a first start frequency; and transmitting a second group of the one or more first groups in a second frequency range starting at a second start frequency offset from the first start frequency.

[0311] Clause 109. The non-transitory computer-readable medium according to Clause 108 further includes computer-executable instructions that, when executed by the network device, cause the network device to: determine, based on bandwidth aggregation of the first chirped signal of the first group of the one or more first groups and the first chirped signal of the second group of the one or more first groups, associate one or more reflections of the first chirped signal with motion of one or more RF reflecting objects.

[0312] Clause 110. A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing computer-executable instructions that, when executed by a network device, cause the network device to: measure one or more first sets of first chirped signals in a first bandwidth of an allocated frequency range assigned to the network device for data communication and sensing signals; and measure one or more second sets of second chirped signals in a second bandwidth of the allocated frequency range, wherein the second bandwidth is greater than the first bandwidth.

[0313] Clause 111. The non-transitory computer-readable medium according to Clause 110 further includes computer-executable instructions that, when executed by the network device, cause the network device to: associate one or more reflections of the first chirped signal with the motion of one or more radio frequency (RF) reflecting objects.

[0314] Clause 112. The non-transitory computer-readable medium according to Clause 111 further includes computer-executable instructions that, when executed by the network device, cause the network device to: determine a range associated with one or more RF reflective objects based on one or more reflections of the second chirp signal; determine a velocity associated with the one or more RF reflective objects based on one or more reflections of the second chirp signal; or a combination thereof.

[0315] Those skilled in the art will understand that information and signals can be represented using any of a variety of different techniques and methods. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, and chips that may be mentioned throughout the above description can be represented by voltage, current, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or magnetic particles, light fields or optical particles, or any combination thereof.

[0316] Furthermore, those skilled in the art will understand that the various exemplary logic blocks, modules, circuits, and algorithm steps described in connection with the aspects disclosed herein can be implemented as electronic hardware, computer software, or a combination of both. To clearly illustrate this interchangeability between hardware and software, various exemplary components, blocks, modules, circuits, and steps have been described above in general terms of their functionality. Whether this functionality is implemented as hardware or software depends on the specific application and the design constraints imposed on the overall system. Those skilled in the art can implement the described functionality in different ways for each specific application, but such specific implementation decisions should not be construed as departing from the scope of this disclosure.

[0317] The various exemplary logic blocks, modules, and circuits described in conjunction with the aspects disclosed herein may be implemented or performed using a general-purpose processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an ASIC, a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic components, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof designed to perform the functions described herein. The general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor, but in alternative embodiments, the processor may be any conventional processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine. The processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices, such as a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, multiple microprocessors, one or more microprocessors combined with a DSP core, or any other such configuration.

[0318] The methods, sequences, and / or algorithms described in conjunction with the aspects disclosed herein may be embodied directly in hardware, in a software module executed by a processor, or a combination of both. The software module may reside in random access memory (RAM), flash memory, read-only memory (ROM), erasable programmable ROM (EPROM), electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM), registers, hard disks, removable disks, CD-ROMs, or any other form of storage medium known in the art. Example storage media are coupled to a processor such that the processor can read information from and write information to the storage medium. Alternatively, the storage medium may be integral with the processor. The processor and storage medium may reside in an ASIC. The ASIC may reside in a user terminal (e.g., a UE). Alternatively, the processor and storage medium may reside as discrete components in the user terminal.

[0319] In one or more examples, the described functionality may be implemented in hardware, software, firmware, or any combination thereof. If implemented in software, the functionality may be stored as one or more instructions or code on or transmitted via a computer-readable medium. A computer-readable medium includes both computer storage media and communication media, which includes any medium that facilitates the transfer of a computer program from one place to another. A storage medium may be any available medium accessible to a computer. By way of example and not limitation, such computer-readable media may include RAM, ROM, EEPROM, CD-ROM or other optical disc storage, disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other medium that can be used to carry or store the desired program code in the form of instructions or data structures and is accessible to a computer. Furthermore, any connection is appropriately referred to as a computer-readable medium. For example, if the software is transmitted from a website, server, or other remote source using coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, digital subscriber line (DSL), or wireless technologies such as infrared, radio, and microwave, then coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, DSL, or wireless technologies such as infrared, radio, and microwave are included within the definition of a medium. As used herein, disks and optical discs include: compact optical discs (CDs), laser discs, optical discs, digital versatile discs (DVDs), floppy disks, and Blu-ray discs. Disks typically reproduce data magnetically, while optical discs reproduce data optically using lasers. Combinations of these should also be included within the scope of computer-readable media.

[0320] While the foregoing disclosure illustrates exemplary aspects of this disclosure, it should be noted that various changes and modifications may be made herein without departing from the scope of this disclosure as defined by the appended claims. For example, the functions, steps, and / or actions of the method claims according to aspects of this disclosure described herein need not be performed in any particular order. Furthermore, no component, function, action, or instruction described or claimed herein should be construed as critical or essential unless explicitly stated otherwise. Additionally, as used herein, the terms “set” and “group” are intended to include one or more items and are interchangeable with “at least one” and “one or more”. Moreover, as used herein, the terms “having” are intended to be open-ended terms that do not limit the elements they modify (e.g., an element “having” A may also have B). Furthermore, the phrase “based on” is intended to mean “at least partially based on” unless otherwise expressly stated. Furthermore, as used herein, the term “or” is intended to be open-ended when used in a series and is interchangeable with “and / or” unless otherwise expressly stated (e.g., if used in conjunction with “any” or “only one”), or these alternatives are mutually exclusive (e.g., “one or more” should not be interpreted as “one and more”). Additionally, although components, functions, actions, and instructions may be described or claimed in the singular, plural forms may also be considered unless expressly stated as limited to the singular. Therefore, as used herein, the articles “a,” “an,” “the,” and “described” are intended to include one or more items and are interchangeable with “at least one” and “one or more”. Furthermore, as used herein, the terms “at least one” and “one or more” include “one” component, function, action, or instruction that performs or is capable of performing the described or claimed functionality, and also include “two or more” components, functions, actions, or instructions that perform or are capable of performing the described or claimed functionality in combination.

Claims

1. A method for wireless communication performed by a network device, the method comprising: Transmit one or more first sets of first chirp signals within a first bandwidth of an allocated frequency range assigned to the network device for data communication and sensing signals; as well as One or more second sets of second chirped signals are transmitted within a second bandwidth of the allocated frequency range, wherein the second bandwidth is greater than the first bandwidth.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein: The first chirp signal has a first chirp duration; The second chirp signal has a second chirp duration; The one or more first groups of the first chirp signals have a first set duration; and The one or more second sets of second chirp signals have a second set duration.

3. The method according to claim 2, wherein: The first chirp duration and the second chirp duration have the same chirp duration; and The first number of first chirps in each of the one or more first groups occurring during the duration of the first set is less than or equal to the second number of second chirps in each of the one or more second groups occurring during the duration of the second set.

4. The method according to claim 2, wherein: The first chirp duration and the second chirp duration have different chirp durations; and The duration of the first set is different from the duration of the second set.

5. The method according to claim 4, wherein: The duration of the first set is less than or equal to the duration of the second set.

6. The method according to claim 2, wherein: Each of the first chirp signals in one or more first groups is spaced apart from the adjacent second chirp signal by a first time interval; Each of the one or more first groups has a first number of first chirp signals; Each second chirp signal in the one or more second groups is spaced apart from the adjacent second chirp signal by a second time interval; and Each of the one or more second groups has a second number of second chirp signals.

7. The method according to claim 6, wherein: The first time gap and the second time gap have the same gap duration; The first chirp duration and the second chirp duration have the same chirp duration; and The first number of the first chirp signal is less than or equal to the second number of the second chirp signal.

8. The method according to claim 6, wherein: The first time interval is less than or equal to the second time interval; The first chirp duration and the second chirp duration have the same chirp duration; and The first number of the first chirp signal is less than or equal to the second number of the second chirp signal.

9. The method according to claim 6, wherein: The first time gap and the second time gap have the same time gap; The duration of the first chirp is greater than or equal to the duration of the second chirp; and The duration of the first set is less than or equal to the duration of the second set.

10. The method according to claim 6, wherein: The first time interval is less than or equal to the second time interval; The duration of the first chirp is greater than or equal to the duration of the second chirp; and The first number of the duration of the first set of chirped signals is less than or equal to the duration of the second set.

11. The method according to claim 1, wherein: The one or more first groups of the first chirped signals are transmitted in one or more frames based on a frame structure including one or more symbols and one or more time slots; and Each of the one or more first sets of first chirp signals has a duration corresponding to the following: Symbols in one or more frames Multiple symbols in one or more frames The time slots in the one or more frames Multiple time slots in one or more frames Multiple frames in one or more frames, or Any combination of them.

12. The method according to claim 1, further comprising: Communicating with one or more other network devices in the third bandwidth of the allocated frequency range, while simultaneously transmitting the one or more first sets of first chirp signals in the first bandwidth of the allocated frequency range, wherein the first bandwidth and the third bandwidth are mutually exclusive frequency ranges within the allocated frequency range.

13. The method according to claim 1, wherein: The first bandwidth and the second bandwidth have partially overlapping frequency ranges in the allocated frequency range.

14. The method according to claim 1, wherein: The one or more second sets of second chirped signals are transmitted based on one or more reflections of the first chirped signal associated with the motion of one or more radio frequency (RF) reflecting objects.

15. The method according to claim 14, further comprising: Perform multi-base sensing of the motion of the one or more RF reflecting objects; as well as Receive from one or more other network devices an indication that the one or more reflections of the first chirp signal are associated with the motion of the one or more RF reflective objects.

16. The method of claim 14, further comprising: Perform single-station sensing of the motion of the one or more RF reflecting objects; as well as The network device receives the one or more reflections of the first chirp signal associated with the motion of the one or more RF reflecting objects.

17. The method of claim 14, further comprising: The range associated with the one or more RF reflecting objects is determined based on one or more reflections of the second chirped signal; The velocity associated with the one or more RF reflecting objects is determined based on one or more reflections of the second chirped signal; or Their combination.

18. The method of claim 1, wherein one or more of the first chirp signals of the one or more first groups comprise: A sawtooth chirp signal, wherein the sawtooth chirp signal has a sawtooth frequency curve that varies with time; A triangular chirp signal, the triangular chirp signal having a first portion whose frequency increases with time and a second portion whose frequency decreases with time; or Any combination of them.

19. The method according to claim 1, wherein: The first chirped signal in one or more of the first groups is transmitted on a semi-persistent basis.

20. The method according to claim 1, further comprising: Receive a first chirp set configuration for transmitting the one or more first groups of the first chirp signals.

21. The method of claim 20, wherein: The first chirp set is configured to receive in the following: System information block; Radio resource control signaling; or Any combination of them.

22. The method of claim 20, wherein the first chirp set configuration indicates: The start frequency of the first chirp signal of the one or more first groups; The first bandwidth of the first chirped signal of the one or more first groups; The end frequency of the first chirp signal of the one or more first groups; The first chirped signal of one or more first groups transitions from the starting frequency over the first bandwidth during a first time period; The first chirp signal of one or more first groups transitions from the start frequency to the end frequency during a second time period; The first time interval between adjacent first chirp signals of one or more first groups; The number of first chirp signals transmitted in each of the one or more first groups; The second time interval between the transmissions of each of the one or more first groups; The chirp frequency curve of the first chirp signal; The slope of the chirp frequency curve; Offset from the starting frequency; or Any combination of them.

23. The method according to claim 1, further comprising: Receive a second chirp set configuration for transmitting the one or more second sets of the second chirp signals; and The second chirp set configuration is initiated at the network device based on the following: One or more Media Access Control Elements (MAC-CE); One or more downlink control information indications (DCIs); One or more Dynamic Time-Domain Resource Allocations (TDRA); or Any combination of them.

24. The method of claim 1, wherein sending the one or more first groups comprises: Transmit the first group of the one or more first groups within a first frequency range starting at a first start frequency; as well as The second group of the one or more first groups is transmitted in a second frequency range starting from a second start frequency offset from the first start frequency.

25. The method according to claim 24, further comprising: Based on the bandwidth aggregation of the first chirped signal of the first group of the one or more first groups and the first chirped signal of the second group of the one or more first groups, it is determined that one or more reflections of the first chirped signal are associated with the motion of one or more RF reflecting objects.

26. A method for wireless communication performed by a network device, the method comprising: Measure one or more first sets of first chirp signals within a first bandwidth of an allocated frequency range assigned to the network device for data communication and sensing signals; as well as One or more second sets of second chirped signals are measured in a second bandwidth of the allocated frequency range, wherein the second bandwidth is greater than the first bandwidth.

27. The method according to claim 26, further comprising: An indication that one or more reflections that send the first chirp signal are associated with the motion of one or more radio frequency (RF) reflecting objects.

28. The method of claim 27, further comprising: The range associated with one or more RF reflecting objects is determined based on one or more reflections of the second chirped signal; The velocity associated with the one or more RF reflecting objects is determined based on one or more reflections of the second chirped signal; or Their combination.

29. A network device, the network device comprising: One or more memory units; One or more transceivers; and One or more processors, communicatively coupled to one or more memories and one or more transceivers, wherein the one or more processors are configured individually or in combination to: One or more first sets of first chirp signals are transmitted via the one or more transceivers within a first bandwidth of an allocated frequency range assigned to the network devices for data communication and sensing signals; as well as One or more second sets of second chirped signals are transmitted via the one or more transceivers within a second bandwidth of the allocated frequency range, wherein the second bandwidth is greater than the first bandwidth.

30. A network device, the network device comprising: One or more memory units; One or more transceivers; and One or more processors, communicatively coupled to one or more memories and one or more transceivers, wherein the one or more processors are configured individually or in combination to: Measure one or more first sets of first chirp signals within a first bandwidth of an allocated frequency range assigned to the network device for data communication and sensing signals; as well as One or more second sets of second chirped signals are measured in a second bandwidth of the allocated frequency range, wherein the second bandwidth is greater than the first bandwidth.

Images