Directed radiation regulated high-heat-resistance energy-saving wall body as well as management and control method and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to a high-heat-resistance energy-saving wall with directional radiation regulation and control and a control method and a preparation method of the high-heat-resistance energy-saving wall, and solves the technical problems that in the prior art, cross-seasonal adaptation capacity is poor, single-season effectiveness and cross-seasonal imbalance are achieved, and the heat engineering requirements in winter and summer cannot be met cooperatively. Solar spectrum high reflection and atmospheric window wave band high emission can be realized; the middle layer is compounded with white cement, polyacrylamide hydrogel, hollow glass beads and phase-change material microcapsules, the hydrogel forms a three-dimensional network fixed dispersion component, the glass beads construct multistage pores to strengthen thermal resistance, and the phase-change microcapsules store and release heat to stabilize temperature difference; the inner layer is an electrostatic spraying metal powder layer, the infrared band emissivity is low, and directional radiation regulation and control are achieved. The method has the following effects that cross-season precise adaptation of winter heat preservation and summer heat insulation is achieved, the limitation of single-season effectiveness is broken through, building energy consumption is greatly reduced, and indoor heat comfort stability is remarkably improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the technical field of building energy conservation, and in particular to a high thermal resistance energy-saving wall with directional radiation regulation, as well as its control and preparation methods. Background Technology

[0002] As a key component of building envelope, the thermal performance of walls directly determines the building's annual energy consumption and indoor thermal comfort. Traditional wall materials, due to inherent defects such as poor thermal inertia, insufficient thermal resistance, and high mid-infrared emissivity, have always been unable to meet the energy needs of both winter and summer. This has created a prominent contradiction: in summer, heat absorption and temperature rise exacerbate the indoor cooling load, while in winter, accelerated heat loss increases heating consumption.

[0003] To alleviate this problem, the industry has gradually developed related technologies such as high-reflectivity coatings, porous thermal insulation materials, phase change energy storage materials, and traditional radiative cooling walls. These technologies optimize wall performance from single dimensions such as reflecting solar radiation, suppressing conductive heat transfer, smoothing temperature fluctuations, and enhancing heat dissipation in summer, and have played a certain role in specific scenarios.

[0004] However, existing technologies suffer from a fundamental and widespread drawback: a complete lack of cross-seasonal adaptability. All technologies are designed around a single season or a single heat transfer requirement, failing to overcome the inherent limitation of being "effective in a single season but unbalanced across seasons." Whether it's radiative cooling technology focusing on summer heat dissipation, porous insulation materials focusing on winter heat preservation, or phase change energy storage technology focusing on temperature buffering, none can synergistically meet the diametrically opposed thermal demands of winter and summer. This results in a persistent difficulty in achieving substantial reductions in building energy consumption throughout the year. This problem is particularly pronounced in complex climate zones, becoming a core bottleneck restricting the development of the building energy conservation industry to a higher level. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In order to achieve precise cross-seasonal adaptation of winter insulation and summer heat insulation, break through the limitation of "effective in a single season", significantly reduce building energy consumption, and significantly improve indoor thermal comfort stability, this application provides a high thermal resistance energy-saving wall with directional radiation regulation, as well as its control and preparation methods.

[0006] In a first aspect, this application provides a high thermal resistance energy-saving wall with directional radiation regulation, employing the following technical solution:

[0007] A high thermal resistance energy-saving wall with directional radiation regulation, comprising:

[0008] The outer layer is composed of a white cement matrix. The iron content of the white cement matrix is ​​lower than the first preset threshold and the manganese content is lower than the second preset threshold, so that the outer layer has a reflectivity not lower than the first preset reflectivity value in the solar spectrum range and an emissivity not lower than the first preset emissivity value in the atmospheric window band.

[0009] The intermediate layer, composited on the inner side of the outer layer, is composed of a white cement matrix, polyacrylamide hydrogel, hollow glass microspheres, and phase change material microcapsules. The polyacrylamide hydrogel forms a three-dimensional network structure to disperse and fix the hollow glass microspheres and phase change material microcapsules, preventing sedimentation. The hollow glass microspheres are dispersed in the white cement matrix to construct multi-level pores to enhance thermal resistance. The phase change material microcapsules are dispersed in the white cement matrix to absorb and release heat and smooth temperature fluctuations.

[0010] The inner layer, located on the indoor surface of the middle layer, is composed of an electrostatically sprayed metal powder layer, and its emissivity in the infrared band is lower than the second preset emissivity threshold.

[0011] By adopting the above technical solution, the outer layer of low-iron-manganese white cement effectively blocks radiative heat gain and dissipates heat outward in summer through high solar spectrum reflectivity and high atmospheric window band emission; the middle layer uses PAM hydrogel to stably disperse glass microspheres and phase change microcapsules, which not only constructs a multi-level high thermal resistance to block heat conduction, but also dynamically smooths temperature differences through heat storage and release; the inner layer of low infrared emissivity metal powder effectively reflects indoor radiative heat and locks in temperature in winter. The precise synergy of the three layers completely breaks through the limitation of "effective in a single season but unbalanced across seasons", simultaneously meeting the opposite thermal requirements of winter and summer, significantly reducing the building's annual energy consumption, and solving the core bottleneck of building energy conservation in complex climate zones.

[0012] Secondly, this application provides a method for controlling high thermal resistance energy-saving walls with directional radiation regulation, employing the following technical solution:

[0013] A method for controlling high thermal resistance energy-saving walls with directional radiation regulation includes:

[0014] By pre-embedding sensor arrays in each functional area of ​​the intermediate layer, temperature data of each area is collected, and outdoor solar radiation intensity and indoor and outdoor ambient temperature are also obtained.

[0015] The temperature gradient change rate between adjacent areas is calculated based on the collected temperature data. The dominant thermal mode is identified according to the preset temperature threshold and radiation threshold, including summer insulation mode, winter heat preservation mode and transitional season adaptive mode.

[0016] Based on the identified dominant thermal mode, the corresponding passive control strategy is executed.

[0017] By employing the aforementioned technical solution, this method precisely collects data such as temperature and radiation using a sensor array. It then identifies three dominant thermal modes—summer insulation, winter heat preservation, and adaptive thermal management during transitional seasons—based on the temperature gradient change rate, and matches corresponding passive control strategies. This approach achieves dynamic adaptation to the drastically different thermal demands of winter and summer, completely breaking the limitation of "effective in a single season but unbalanced across seasons." It significantly reduces the annual energy consumption of buildings in complex climate zones, effectively addressing a core bottleneck in the building energy conservation industry.

[0018] Thirdly, this application provides a method for preparing a high thermal resistance energy-saving wall with directional radiation regulation, employing the following technical solution:

[0019] A method for preparing a high thermal resistance energy-saving wall with directional radiation regulation includes:

[0020] Preparation of polyacrylamide hydrogel: Acrylamide monomer, crosslinking agent and initiator are dissolved in deionized water, and after adding catalyst, the mixture is allowed to stand and gel. The mass concentration of acrylamide in the solution is not higher than a first preset concentration value.

[0021] Premixing treatment: Phase change material microcapsules and white cement powder are placed in a resonant mixing device according to a first preset ratio, and the resonant treatment is carried out for a time not less than a second preset frequency value to obtain premixed powder.

[0022] Slurry preparation: The obtained hydrogel, hollow glass microspheres and premixed powder are mixed according to the second preset ratio and processed for no less than the second preset time under the preset stirring speed. During the stirring process, the hydrogel network is broken by shearing to promote dispersion, and the system is stabilized by its rehealing characteristics after standing, thereby forming a uniform slurry. The particle size of the hollow glass microspheres is no greater than the first preset particle size value.

[0023] Casting and molding: The slurry is injected into the mold and compacted by vibration to form a dense wall panel blank;

[0024] Surface treatment and curing: Apply an aluminum silver powder layer to the interior side surface of the wall panel blank through electrostatic spraying process. The coating thickness is not less than the first preset thickness value. Then, place the mold in a preset room temperature environment for curing for not less than the third preset time.

[0025] Demolding: After curing, demolding is performed to obtain a high thermal resistance energy-saving wall with directional radiation regulation.

[0026] By employing the above-mentioned technical solution, this preparation method achieves uniform dispersion of functional components through precise control of hydrogel preparation, resonant premixing, and low-speed stirring. It leverages the hydrogel's breakage-healing properties, combined with electrostatic spraying to ensure the low emissivity of the inner layer, thus ensuring the stable formation of the wall's three-layer function: "external reflection for heat dissipation – middle barrier for energy storage – internal reflection for heat locking." This endows the wall with bidirectional adaptability for winter insulation and summer heat insulation, completely overcoming the limitation of "effective in a single season but unbalanced across seasons," effectively reducing the annual energy consumption of buildings in complex climate zones, and breaking through a core bottleneck in the industry. Attached Figure Description

[0027] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a high thermal resistance energy-saving wall with directional radiation regulation according to an embodiment of this application.

[0028] Figure 2This is a flowchart illustrating a method for controlling a high thermal resistance energy-saving wall with directional radiation regulation according to an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0029] The present application will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0030] Reference Figure 1 This application discloses a high thermal resistance energy-saving wall with directional radiation regulation. The wall adopts a functional gradient integrated architecture, which includes an outer layer, a middle layer and an inner layer from the outdoor side to the indoor side. Through the directional synergistic mechanism of the three-layer structure, it realizes intelligent regulation of heat transfer path and cross-seasonal adaptive energy saving.

[0031] The outer layer is composed of a white cement matrix with low iron and low manganese content, wherein the iron content is below a first preset threshold (preferably ≤0.3wt% based on Fe2O3) and the manganese content is below a second preset threshold (preferably ≤0.05wt% based on MnO). This compositional control ensures that the outer layer has a high reflectivity of not less than a first preset reflectivity value (preferably ≥0.85) in the solar spectral range (0.3–2.5μm) and a high emissivity of not less than a first preset emissivity value (preferably ≥0.90) in the "atmospheric window" band (8–13μm). This combination of optical properties enables the outer layer to reflect most of the incident solar radiation while efficiently dissipating the residual heat absorbed by the wall into outer space in the form of infrared radiation. The outer layer thickness is preferably 10–20mm, serving as the first line of thermal protection for the building envelope. In addition to white cement, the outer layer matrix material can also be replaced with sulfoaluminate cement or geopolymer, and the optical performance and weather resistance can be further enhanced by doping with a SiO2 or Al2O3 microporous ceramic coating.

[0032] The intermediate layer, composited within the outer layer, preferably 80–150 mm thick, comprises a white cement matrix, polyacrylamide (PAM) hydrogel, hollow glass microspheres, and phase change material (PCM) microcapsules. The PAM hydrogel forms an intelligent dispersion medium through a three-dimensional cross-linked network structure, with its "breakable-healing" characteristic constituting the core innovative mechanism: during the mixing stage, the hydrogel can be controllably broken under shear force, instantly releasing bound water and promoting the uniform dispersion of white cement powder, PCM microcapsules, and hollow glass microspheres; during the curing stage, the hydrogel network re-heals, forming a stable three-dimensional framework. Through steric hindrance and polar group interactions, it anchors functional components in their designed spatial positions, fundamentally preventing sedimentation and phase separation, and ensuring structural uniformity at both macroscopic and microscopic scales. The polyacrylamide hydrogel forms a three-dimensional network structure to disperse and fix the hollow glass microspheres and phase change material microcapsules, preventing sedimentation.

[0033] Hollow glass microspheres (preferably 50 μm in size) utilize their closed spherical hollow structure and low thermal conductivity (≤0.15 W / (m·K)) to construct a "micron-level" pore reinforcement system within a white cement matrix. This system works synergistically with the micro-nano pores formed after PAM hydrogel curing to create a multi-level gas-solid composite thermal insulation structure. This structure, by maximally restricting air convection and increasing the tortuosity of the solid heat flow path, reduces the thermal conductivity of the intermediate layer to below 0.065 W / (m·K), imparting excellent thermal resistance to the wall. PCM microcapsules (10–100 μm in size, with adjustable phase change temperature of 25–35 °C) are uniformly distributed along the heat flow path at key nodes of the porous framework. They absorb latent heat through solid-liquid phase change to interrupt heat conduction, or release latent heat through liquid-solid phase change to compensate for heat loss. The physical barrier of the porous framework and the energy conversion of the phase change material synergize in space and time, significantly suppressing the heat transfer rate and enhancing the wall's adaptive buffering performance against temperature fluctuations.

[0034] The inner layer, located on the interior surface of the middle layer, consists of an aluminum-silver powder layer prepared by electrostatic spraying, with a preferred spraying thickness of 50–150 μm. This aluminum-silver powder layer has an emissivity below a second preset emissivity threshold (preferably ≤0.1) in the infrared band (3–50 μm), exhibiting highly efficient reflectivity (≥0.9) against long-wave infrared radiation generated by objects inside the room, forming a "radiation barrier" on the interior side. During winter heating conditions, this layer can reduce heat loss to the wall via radiation by more than 70%; during summer cooling conditions, it can also effectively reflect the inward infrared radiation generated by the wall itself after heating, further blocking heat from entering the room. The electrostatic spraying process ensures that aluminum powder particles are uniformly deposited and densely filmed on the substrate surface, providing excellent durability and stability in use.

[0035] Overall Collaborative Working Mechanism: This wall structure achieves directional radiation regulation through a multi-mechanism synergy of "external reflection for heat dissipation, intermediate barrier for energy storage, and internal reflection for heat locking." During the daytime in summer, the outer layer's high reflectivity blocks solar radiation, the middle layer's multi-level porosity and PCM work together to slow heat transfer, and the inner low-emissivity layer reflects residual heat radiation. At night in winter, the outer layer's high emissivity radiates heat into space, creating a "cold source" effect, the middle layer's high thermal resistance prevents indoor heat loss and PCM heat release compensation, and the inner layer efficiently reflects indoor infrared radiation to lock in heat. This structure triggers corresponding dominant mechanisms at different times, achieving cross-seasonal adaptive energy-saving goals.

[0036] Based on the aforementioned uniform distribution scheme, to further improve the thermal management accuracy and seasonal adaptability of the wall, this application also proposes an optimized structure in which the phase change material microcapsules exhibit a functional gradient distribution along the thickness direction of the intermediate layer. This gradient distribution optimizes the configuration of the operating temperature of the phase change material and the thermal insulation capacity of the hollow glass microspheres in different zones according to the differences in heat load and seasonal variations in heat transfer direction at different thickness locations within the wall, thereby more precisely controlling the heat transfer process. Specifically, it includes three functional zones:

[0037] In the first region, near the outer layer, phase change material microcapsules with a phase change temperature not lower than a first preset temperature value (preferably 28–35°C) are configured, and the volumetric doping of hollow glass microspheres is not lower than a first preset doping value (preferably 40–60 vol%). As the front line for resisting outdoor thermal shock, the high phase change temperature of this region ensures that it can effectively absorb and store heat transferred from the outer layer during the high-temperature period of summer days, preventing heat peaks from penetrating; at the same time, the high doping of hollow glass microspheres constructs a dense porous thermal insulation network, significantly improving the static thermal resistance of this region and forming a highly efficient heat flow barrier.

[0038] The second region, closer to the inner layer, contains microcapsules of phase change material with a phase change temperature not exceeding a second preset temperature value (preferably 20–26°C), and the volumetric doping content of the hollow glass microspheres does not exceed a second preset doping content value (preferably 20–30 vol%). This region is close to the indoor environment and has higher requirements for temperature stability. The lower phase change temperature allows it to promptly trigger phase change heat release when the indoor temperature drops in winter or at night, effectively compensating for indoor heat loss and maintaining thermal comfort. The lower microsphere doping content, while ensuring thermal insulation performance, can reduce material density and cost, and reduce the response hysteresis of the phase change material caused by excessive insulation.

[0039] The intermediate region, located between the first and second regions, contains microcapsules of phase change material with a phase change temperature between a first and a second preset temperature (preferably 26–28°C), and the volumetric doping of hollow glass microspheres is between a first and a second preset doping value (preferably 30–40 vol%). This region serves as a thermal buffer transition layer, and its phase change temperature and porosity design effectively bridge the functional differences between the inner and outer sides, smoothing the temperature field distribution, avoiding thermal stress concentration, and ensuring continuous and stable heat regulation of the wall during day-night cycles and seasonal transitions.

[0040] The first preset temperature value is higher than the second preset temperature value, and the first preset dosage value is higher than the second preset dosage value. This gradient distribution design achieves an optimal balance between phase change energy storage efficiency, thermal insulation performance, and material cost through functional matching and synergy in the spatial dimension, further enhancing the wall's adaptability to complex climatic conditions and improving overall energy-saving effect and economy.

[0041] While the aforementioned energy-saving walls possess excellent passive temperature regulation capabilities, in actual building applications, environmental parameters (such as solar radiation, air temperature, and humidity) undergo complex and varied dynamic changes. Relying solely on the passive response of the material itself is insufficient to achieve optimal thermal management under all operating conditions. Therefore, this invention further proposes an intelligent control method deeply coupled with the wall structure. By monitoring the internal state of the wall in real time and identifying the dominant thermal mode, it provides data support for accurate evaluation and optimized operation of the wall performance, thereby fully leveraging its multi-level temperature regulation potential of "external reflection – middle barrier energy storage – internal reflection".

[0042] Reference Figure 2 A method for controlling high thermal resistance energy-saving walls with directional radiation regulation includes:

[0043] Step S1: Collect temperature data of each area by using sensor arrays pre-embedded in each functional area of ​​the intermediate layer, and simultaneously obtain outdoor solar radiation intensity and indoor and outdoor ambient temperature.

[0044] The sensor array consists of distributed fiber optic temperature sensors (DTS) or miniature thermocouples, used for real-time monitoring of the temperature distribution inside the wall. DTS utilizes the Raman scattering effect of optical fibers to achieve continuous temperature measurement along the fiber's length, making it suitable for monitoring the temperature inside large-area walls. Miniature thermocouples, using K-type or T-type designs, feature fast response and high accuracy, making them suitable for precise temperature measurement at key nodes in the wall.

[0045] Solar radiation intensity: Measured using a total radiometer installed on the exterior surface of the wall, with a spectral range of 0.3–3.0 μm, enabling real-time monitoring of total and diffuse solar radiation intensity. The total radiometer is installed flush with the wall surface to ensure unobstructed access and accurate capture of solar radiation data.

[0046] Indoor and outdoor ambient temperatures: measured using a standard NTC thermistor probe, which is installed 100mm from the outside and 50mm from the inside of the wall, and equipped with a radiation shield to avoid direct thermal radiation interference and ensure the accuracy of the measurement data.

[0047] The necessary process is described below:

[0048] The sensor array is pre-embedded in three functional areas along the wall thickness in the middle layer: a first area near the outer layer (approximately 10–30 mm from the surface), a middle area (mid-thickness of the wall), and a second area near the inner layer (approximately 20–40 mm from the interior side). Each sensor layer is arranged in a matrix with a vertical spacing of 200–500 mm and a horizontal spacing of 500–800 mm, and connected to the data acquisition terminal via a low-voltage bus. All sensors are fixed within the template before the wall is cast, ensuring tight bonding with the PAM hydrogel-cement matrix and without affecting the uniform distribution of glass microspheres and PCM microcapsules.

[0049] In actual operation, the system adopts an adaptive sampling strategy: when the total radiation meter detects that the solar radiation intensity exceeds the preset threshold (such as 200W / m²) or the temperature change rate of any sensing layer exceeds 0.5℃ / min, the sampling frequency is automatically increased to once every 5 minutes to capture the phase change process and thermal shock response of the phase change material; at night or under stable ambient temperature conditions, the sampling frequency is reduced to once every 30 minutes to save energy.

[0050] After data acquisition, the raw data is processed using a moving average filtering algorithm to remove outliers caused by sensor noise or construction defects (such as deviations exceeding 3σ from adjacent measuring points). The processed data is transmitted to the local controller via the Modbus-RTU protocol and stored in timestamp-based packages. Every 15 minutes, data is uploaded to the building energy management system via the MQTT protocol, providing continuous and reliable data support for subsequent thermal mode identification.

[0051] Step S2: Calculate the temperature gradient change rate between adjacent areas based on the collected temperature data, and identify the dominant thermal mode according to the preset temperature threshold and radiation threshold, including summer insulation mode, winter heat preservation mode and transition season adaptive mode.

[0052] Among them, the temperature gradient change rate refers to the rate of change of temperature difference between adjacent functional areas, used to assess the direction and intensity of heat transfer within the wall. The calculation formula is: .

[0053] in, and These represent the temperatures of two adjacent regions. and This corresponds to the wall location.

[0054] Preset temperature and radiation thresholds: These are reference values ​​set based on wall design parameters and actual operational requirements to determine the thermal mode of the wall. For example, the temperature threshold for summer insulation mode is set to 30℃, and the radiation threshold is set to 500W / m²; the temperature threshold for winter insulation mode is set to 15℃, and the radiation threshold is set to 100W / m².

[0055] The necessary process is described below:

[0056] Temperature gradient calculation: The system collects temperature data from each functional area in real time and calculates the rate of change of temperature gradient between adjacent areas. For example, it calculates the rate of change of temperature gradient between the first area and the middle area, and between the middle area and the second area, to assess the direction and intensity of heat transfer in the wall.

[0057] Thermal mode recognition rules:

[0058] Summer heat insulation mode: When the outdoor solar radiation intensity is I solar >500W / m 2 When the temperature T1 in the first zone exceeds 30℃, the system is set to summer insulation mode. In this mode, the main function of the walls is to block external heat from entering the room.

[0059] Winter insulation mode: When the outdoor solar radiation intensity is I solar <100W / m 2 Furthermore, when the temperature T2 in the second zone is less than 15℃, the system is set to winter insulation mode. At this time, the main task of the walls is to prevent indoor heat loss.

[0060] Transitional Season Adaptive Mode: Under conditions other than summer and winter modes, the system is designated as Transitional Season Adaptive Mode. In this mode, the wall dynamically adjusts based on real-time temperature and radiation data, balancing thermal insulation and heat preservation requirements.

[0061] Step S3: Execute the corresponding passive control strategy based on the identified dominant thermal mode.

[0062] Passive control strategy: This refers to a thermal management method that requires no external energy input and is achieved through the material properties of the wall itself (such as phase change materials, hollow glass microspheres, etc.) and structural design (such as functional gradient distribution). Its goal is to optimize the thermal insulation performance of the wall and reduce building energy consumption. The specific process can be found in steps S31 to S33.

[0063] Based on the identified dominant thermal mode, the corresponding passive control strategies implemented include:

[0064] Step S31: When the summer heat insulation mode is identified, the first synergistic control strategy is executed: the first region of the middle layer is the dominant control zone, and the phase change heat absorption of its phase change material microcapsules and the high thermal resistance of the hollow glass microspheres are used to block the input of external heat; at the same time, the middle region is used as the secondary control zone to provide thermal buffer, and the second region is used as the basic heat insulation zone to maintain the terminal thermal resistance; the high reflectivity and high emissivity of the outer layer and the low emissivity of the inner layer are activated simultaneously to form a progressive heat insulation system from the outside to the inside.

[0065] Specifically, when the system identifies the summer insulation mode, the various functional areas of the wall work together to implement the following control measures:

[0066] Dominant Control Zone (First Region): The first region, located near the outer layer, is equipped with phase change material microcapsules (e.g., 28–35℃) with high phase change temperatures and high-dosage hollow glass microspheres (e.g., 40–60 vol%). The phase change material microcapsules absorb heat entering the wall through phase change, preventing heat from penetrating into the interior; the high thermal resistance of the hollow glass microspheres further blocks heat conduction, ensuring that external heat is difficult to enter the interior of the wall.

[0067] Secondary control zone (intermediate region): Located in the middle of the wall, the intermediate region contains microcapsules of phase change material with a moderate phase change temperature (e.g., 26–28°C) and a moderate amount of hollow glass microspheres (e.g., 30–40 vol%). This region acts as a thermal buffer zone, further absorbing and storing heat, smoothing temperature fluctuations, and preventing rapid heat transfer to the inner layer.

[0068] Basic Insulation Zone (Second Zone): The second zone, located near the inner layer, is equipped with microcapsules of phase change materials with low phase change temperatures (e.g., 20–26°C) and low-doped hollow glass microspheres (e.g., 20–30 vol%). This zone serves as the final insulation zone, maintaining the insulation performance of the wall interior and ensuring stable indoor temperature.

[0069] The outer and inner layers work together: the high reflectivity (≥0.85) and high emissivity (≥0.90) of the outer layer reflect solar radiation and dissipate heat efficiently, reducing heat entering the wall; the low emissivity (≤0.1) of the inner layer reflects indoor infrared radiation and prevents heat loss, together forming a progressive heat insulation system from the outside to the inside.

[0070] Step S32: When the winter insulation mode is identified, the second synergistic control strategy is executed: the second region of the middle layer is the dominant control zone, and the phase change heat release and heat buffering structure of its phase change material microcapsules are used to maintain indoor thermal stability; at the same time, the first region is used as the external barrier zone to block the invasion of outdoor low temperature, and the middle region is used as the transition zone to achieve a smooth temperature distribution; the low emissivity characteristics of the inner layer are used as the main synergistic means, which are combined with the high emissivity characteristics of the outer layer to form a thermal protection system from the inside to the outside.

[0071] Specifically, when the system identifies the mode as winter insulation, the various functional areas of the wall work together to implement the following control measures:

[0072] Dominant Control Zone (Second Region): Located near the inner layer, the second region contains microcapsules of phase change material (PCM) with low phase change temperatures (e.g., 20–26 °C) and low-doped hollow glass microspheres (e.g., 20–30 vol%). The PCM microcapsules release stored heat through phase change, compensating for heat loss and maintaining a stable indoor temperature. The low doping of the hollow glass microspheres ensures appropriate thermal resistance in this region, preventing thermal hysteresis caused by excessive insulation.

[0073] External Barrier Zone (First Region): The first region, located near the outer layer, is configured with microcapsules of phase change material with high phase change temperatures (e.g., 28–35°C) and highly doped hollow glass microspheres (e.g., 40–60 vol%). This region acts as an external barrier, blocking the intrusion of low outdoor temperatures and preventing rapid heat loss. The highly doped hollow glass microspheres provide high thermal resistance, further enhancing the insulation effect.

[0074] Transition Zone (Intermediate Region): Located in the middle of the wall, this intermediate region contains microcapsules of phase change material with a moderate phase change temperature (e.g., 26–28°C) and a moderate amount of hollow glass microspheres (e.g., 30–40 vol%). This region serves as a transition zone, achieving a smooth temperature distribution, mitigating temperature fluctuations, and ensuring uniform heat transfer within the wall.

[0075] The inner and outer layers work synergistically: the inner layer's low emissivity (≤0.1) reflects indoor infrared radiation, reducing heat loss; the outer layer's high emissivity (≥0.90) radiates heat to the outside, forming a thermal protection system from the inside out. This synergistic effect ensures effective retention of indoor heat and the overall thermal insulation performance of the wall.

[0076] Step S33: When the transitional season adaptive mode is identified, the third collaborative regulation strategy is executed: the middle region of the intermediate layer is used as the core regulation area, and dynamic temperature regulation is achieved through the cyclic phase change and balanced thermal resistance and thermal capacity structure of its phase change material microcapsules; the first and second regions serve as boundary stabilization regions, providing stable thermal boundaries for dynamic temperature regulation; the radiation characteristics of the outer and inner layers participate in the regulation synchronously, and together achieve adaptive thermal environment balance.

[0077] When the system identifies the transitional season adaptive mode, the various functional areas of the wall work together to implement the following control measures:

[0078] Core Control Zone (Intermediate Area): This intermediate area serves as the core control zone for the wall, containing microcapsules of phase change material (PCM) with a suitable phase change temperature (e.g., 26–28℃) and a moderate amount of hollow glass microspheres (e.g., 30–40 vol%). The PCM microcapsules dynamically regulate the internal temperature changes of the wall through cyclical phase changes (endothermic and exothermic), balancing the thermal shock caused by diurnal temperature variations. The moderate amount of hollow glass microspheres ensures that this area has balanced thermal resistance and thermal capacity characteristics, effectively insulating while avoiding thermal hysteresis caused by excessive insulation, thus achieving dynamic temperature regulation.

[0079] Boundary Stability Zones (Regions 1 and 2): Regions 1 and 2 serve as boundary stability zones, providing stable thermal boundaries for dynamic temperature regulation. Region 1 (near the outer layer) is configured with a high-dosage hollow glass microsphere configuration (e.g., 40–60 vol%), acting as an external thermal barrier to block the impact of external temperature changes on the interior of the wall. Region 2 (near the inner layer) is configured with a low-dosage hollow glass microsphere configuration (e.g., 20–30 vol%), acting as the internal thermal insulation base to maintain indoor temperature stability. These two regions, through their different thermal resistance characteristics, ensure that the entire wall maintains a stable thermal environment during diurnal temperature variations.

[0080] The outer and inner layers work synergistically: the high reflectivity (≥0.85) and high emissivity (≥0.90) of the outer layer reflect solar radiation and efficiently dissipate heat during the day, reducing heat loss into the wall; at night, the high emissivity of the outer layer radiates heat to the outside, maintaining a low temperature on the outer surface of the wall. The low emissivity (≤0.1) of the inner layer reflects indoor infrared radiation, reducing heat loss. This synergistic effect ensures that the wall achieves an adaptive thermal environment balance during day-night cycles and seasonal changes.

[0081] A method for controlling high thermal resistance energy-saving walls with directional radiation regulation also includes steps prior to implementing the corresponding passive regulation strategy, as follows:

[0082] Step SA involves inputting the real-time collected sensor array data and environmental parameters into a preset digital twin model corresponding to the physical structure of the wall. The sensor array data includes temperature data of the three functional areas of the middle layer, the rate of change of temperature gradient between each area, and the phase change state data of the phase change material microcapsules in each area.

[0083] The data includes: temperature data: real-time temperatures of the three functional zones in the intermediate layer (first zone, intermediate zone, and second zone); temperature gradient change rate: the rate of change of temperature difference between adjacent zones, reflecting the direction and intensity of heat transfer within the wall; and phase change material microcapsule phase change state data: information such as the current temperature of the microcapsules, whether they are undergoing a phase change process, and the degree of phase change completion, used to assess the energy storage and release state of the phase change material.

[0084] Environmental parameters include outdoor solar radiation intensity and indoor and outdoor ambient temperature, which are used to assess the external thermal environment conditions of the wall.

[0085] The necessary process is described below:

[0086] Data Acquisition and Transmission: The sensor array collects real-time temperature data, temperature gradient change rate, and phase change state data of the phase change material microcapsules in various functional areas inside the wall. Simultaneously, it acquires environmental parameters such as outdoor solar radiation intensity and indoor / outdoor ambient temperature. This data is transmitted to the data acquisition terminal via a low-voltage bus and stored in timestamp format.

[0087] Data input to the digital twin model: The collected sensor array data and environmental parameters are input into the preset digital twin model. The digital twin model integrates the physical parameters of the wall (such as the thermal conductivity, phase transition temperature, porosity, etc. of the material) and real-time operating data to achieve dynamic simulation and prediction of the thermal performance of the wall.

[0088] The aforementioned digital twin model is a hybrid model based on physical mechanisms and data-driven approaches, used for real-time simulation and prediction of the thermal behavior of walls.

[0089] The physical mechanism is based on Fourier's law of heat conduction and a phase change energy storage model. The heat conduction and dynamic heat storage / release process of the three-layer composite wall structure are simulated by numerical discretization method.

[0090] The data-driven part uses a deep neural network (DNN), whose structure includes an input layer, at least two hidden layers, and an output layer, to dynamically correct the equivalent thermal parameters of the physical model and predict phase change dynamics.

[0091] Training and running digital twin models:

[0092] The training data comes from the time-series sensor data (temperature, temperature gradient, solar radiation, etc.) collected during the historical operation of the wall and its corresponding operating conditions.

[0093] The training process minimizes the error between the model's predicted values ​​and the actual monitored values, enabling the model to learn the complex nonlinear characteristics of the wall's thermal response.

[0094] During operation, the model takes real-time sensor data and environmental parameters as input and outputs the temperature field distribution and phase change state prediction of the wall in the future period, thereby realizing the forward-looking optimization of the control strategy.

[0095] This model serves the technical purpose of optimizing building thermal performance. Its inputs, outputs, and internal logic are all based on physical rules and data mapping, without involving any non-technical rules. Personnel in the relevant technical field can build and use this model based on the above description.

[0096] Step SB, based on the digital twin model, outputs the predicted results of the temperature evolution trend of each functional region of the intermediate layer and the phase change state of the phase change material microcapsules in the future preset time period.

[0097] The necessary process is described below:

[0098] Model initialization and parameter settings: The digital twin model is initialized based on the physical structure and material properties of the wall, including material parameters of each functional area of ​​the wall (such as thermal conductivity, specific heat capacity, phase transition temperature, etc.), sensor array layout, and sampling frequency. Simultaneously, a preset future time period (e.g., the next 24 hours) is set as the prediction time range.

[0099] Data Input and Real-time Updates: Real-time sensor array data (including temperature, temperature gradient rate of change, and phase transition state) and environmental parameters (such as solar radiation intensity and indoor / outdoor temperature) are input into the digital twin model. Through data fusion and dynamic updates, the model reflects the current operational status of the wall in real time.

[0100] Temperature Evolution Trend Prediction: Based on input data, the digital twin model calculates the temperature changes of each functional region in the intermediate layer over a predetermined period using heat conduction equations and phase transition models. The model outputs a temperature evolution curve for each functional region, including the rate of temperature increase or decrease, peak values, and trough values. For example, the model can predict that the temperature in the first region will rise from 30°C to 35°C within the next 4 hours and begin to decrease after 6 hours.

[0101] Phase change material (PCM) microcapsule phase change state prediction: The model simultaneously predicts the phase change process of PCM microcapsules. For each functional region, the model outputs the phase change start time, phase change completion time, and temperature change during the phase change process. For example, the model can predict that the PCM microcapsules in the middle region will begin a phase change within the next 3 hours and complete the phase change process within 5 hours, with the temperature remaining around 27°C during the phase change.

[0102] Step SC involves making forward-looking adjustments to the trigger parameters of the coordinated control strategy based on the prediction results: when the prediction shows that the temperature of the first region will reach the first preset temperature value within a time threshold not higher than the first preset temperature value, the temperature threshold for triggering the secondary control zone function is adjusted to be no higher than the second preset temperature value; when the prediction shows that the temperature of the second region will drop to below the third preset temperature value within a time threshold not higher than the second preset temperature value, the temperature difference threshold for controlling the effectiveness of the external barrier zone is adjusted to be no lower than the first preset temperature difference value; when the prediction shows that the phase change cycle frequency of the intermediate region exceeds the preset frequency threshold, the allowable temperature fluctuation range of the boundary stable zone is reduced to a preset proportion of the original range.

[0103] The system includes: a first time threshold (a preset time range used to determine the time window within which the temperature of the first region reaches a preset temperature value); a second time threshold (a preset time range used to determine the time window within which the temperature of the second region drops below a preset temperature value); a preset frequency threshold (a preset upper limit for the phase change cycle frequency used to determine whether the phase change frequency of the phase change material microcapsules in the intermediate region is too high); and a preset proportional value (a proportional value used to adjust the allowable temperature fluctuation range in the boundary stable region to reduce the temperature fluctuation range).

[0104] The necessary process is described below:

[0105] First zone temperature threshold adjustment:

[0106] Condition: If the digital twin model predicts that the temperature of the first region will reach the first preset temperature value (e.g., 35°C) within a time threshold (e.g., 2 hours), the adjustment mechanism will be triggered.

[0107] Adjustment measures: The temperature threshold for triggering the secondary control zone (intermediate region) function will be adjusted to no higher than the second preset temperature value (e.g., 32℃). This adjustment aims to activate the heat absorption function of the phase change material microcapsules in the intermediate region in advance, enhance the heat insulation effect, and prevent heat from rapidly penetrating to the inner layer.

[0108] Second zone temperature difference threshold adjustment:

[0109] Condition: If the digital twin model predicts that the temperature in the second region will drop below the third preset temperature value (e.g., 15°C) within a time frame of no more than the second time threshold (e.g., 3 hours), the adjustment mechanism will be triggered.

[0110] Adjustment measures: The temperature difference threshold for controlling the effectiveness of the external barrier zone (first zone) will be adjusted to be no lower than the first preset temperature difference value (e.g., 5°C). This adjustment aims to enhance the thermal barrier function of the first zone in advance, prevent indoor heat loss, and maintain stable indoor temperature.

[0111] Phase transition frequency adjustment in the intermediate region:

[0112] Condition: If the digital twin model predicts that the phase transition cycle frequency in the middle region exceeds a preset frequency threshold (e.g., more than 10 phase transitions per hour), the adjustment mechanism will be triggered.

[0113] Adjustment measures: Reduce the allowable temperature fluctuation range of the boundary stability zones (first and second zones) to a preset percentage of the original range (e.g., reduce it to 50% of the original range). This adjustment aims to reduce the impact of temperature fluctuations on the overall performance of the wall and ensure that the wall maintains stable thermal performance under dynamic conditions.

[0114] Step SD involves storing the adjusted parameters and, based on the prediction results, executing the triggering timing of each coordinated control strategy no earlier than the third time threshold.

[0115] Among these, parameter storage involves saving the adjusted trigger parameters to the system's database or configuration file, ensuring that these parameters can be correctly called and executed in subsequent operations. The third time threshold is a preset time range used to determine the time window for early execution of the coordinated control strategy. For example, the control strategy can be activated 1 hour or 30 minutes in advance to ensure that the wall can respond to predicted thermal changes in advance.

[0116] The specific implementation is as follows:

[0117] Early triggering timing: Based on the prediction results of the digital twin model, the various coordinated control strategies are executed no less than the third time threshold (e.g., 1 hour) in advance. For example, if the prediction shows that the first region will reach 35°C within 2 hours, the system will activate the heat absorption function of the phase change material microcapsules in the intermediate region 1 hour in advance.

[0118] Dynamic adjustment of execution: The system dynamically adjusts the coordinated control strategy of each functional area based on real-time data and forecast results. For example, if the forecast shows that the temperature in the second area will drop below 15°C within 3 hours, the system will enhance the heat insulation barrier function of the first area 30 minutes in advance.

[0119] Real-time feedback and adjustment: After executing the optimized collaborative control strategy, the system continuously monitors the actual operating status of the wall and dynamically adjusts the strategy based on real-time data. If there is a deviation between the actual operating status and the predicted results, the system will readjust the parameters and optimize the execution strategy.

[0120] A method for controlling high thermal resistance energy-saving walls with directional radiation regulation also includes:

[0121] Step S4: After the passive control strategy is executed, the historical data of the sensor array and environmental parameters collected within the preset period are input into the digital twin model.

[0122] The preset period refers to the time period used to evaluate the thermal performance of the wall, which is usually several days, weeks or months, depending on the usage scenario of the wall and the evaluation requirements.

[0123] The necessary process is described below:

[0124] 1. Data Acquisition and Storage: After the passive control strategy is implemented, the system continuously collects real-time data and environmental parameters from the sensor array and stores this data in a local database or cloud storage. The data acquisition frequency can be adjusted according to the thermal characteristics of the wall, typically every 5 to 30 minutes.

[0125] 2. Data Filtering and Organization: Historical data within a preset period is filtered from the stored data, including temperature data for each functional area, temperature gradient change rate, phase change state data of phase change material microcapsules, and environmental parameters. This data is then organized and formatted to ensure consistency with the input requirements of the digital twin model.

[0126] 3. Data Input to Digital Twin Model: The processed historical data from the sensor array and environmental parameters collected within the preset period are input into the digital twin model. Through data fusion and dynamic updates, the model reflects the wall's operating status and thermal performance changes in real time within the preset period.

[0127] Step S5: Based on the digital twin model, by comparing the deviation between historical monitoring data and the model's expected data, the assessment results of the degree of thermal performance degradation in each functional area are output.

[0128] Thermal performance degradation refers to the gradual decline in the insulation, heat preservation, or phase change energy storage properties of various functional areas of the wall during long-term operation due to material aging, environmental factors, or construction defects. Model-predicted data: Based on the wall's physical parameters and historical operating data, the digital twin model predicts the temperature changes and phase change states of each functional area under normal operating conditions. Historical monitoring data: Data collected from the actual sensor array, reflecting the wall's real operating status within a preset period.

[0129] The necessary process is described below:

[0130] Data comparison and deviation analysis:

[0131] Temperature deviation analysis: This involves comparing historical monitoring data for each functional area with model-predicted data to calculate the deviation between the actual and expected temperatures. For example, it calculates the average temperature deviation ΔT for the first area within a preset period. 实际 −ΔT 预期 .

[0132] Phase change state deviation analysis: By comparing the phase change state (such as phase change completion and phase change temperature range) of phase change material microcapsules in historical monitoring data with the phase change state expected by the model, the difference between the actual performance and the expected performance of the phase change material is evaluated.

[0133] Temperature gradient deviation analysis: By comparing the rate of change of temperature gradient in historical monitoring data with the rate of change of temperature gradient expected by the model, the difference between the actual efficiency and the expected efficiency of heat transfer inside the wall is evaluated.

[0134] Attenuation assessment:

[0135] First-zone thermal buffer performance degradation: If the actual temperature deviation of the first zone exceeds the preset tolerance range (e.g., ±2℃), and the actual phase change completion rate of the phase change material is lower than the expected completion rate (e.g., lower than 80%), it is evaluated as thermal buffer performance degradation.

[0136] Phase change material performance degradation in the second region: If the actual phase change temperature range of the phase change material in the second region deviates from the expected range by more than a preset threshold (e.g., ±3℃), and the phase change energy storage capacity decreases by more than a preset proportion (e.g., decreases by more than 20%), it is assessed as phase change material performance degradation.

[0137] Temperature regulation performance degradation in the middle region: If the actual temperature gradient change rate in the middle region deviates from the expected change rate by more than a preset threshold (e.g., ±10%), and the temperature fluctuation range exceeds the expected range (e.g., more than ±3℃), then it is evaluated as temperature regulation performance degradation.

[0138] Output evaluation results:

[0139] Quantification of Attenuation Level: The degree of thermal performance degradation of each functional area is quantified into specific values ​​or levels (such as mild degradation, moderate degradation, severe degradation), and a detailed evaluation report is output.

[0140] Visualization: The digital twin model's visualization interface intuitively displays the thermal performance degradation of each functional area, including temperature deviation curves and phase change state comparison diagrams, making it easy for maintenance personnel to quickly understand the actual operating status of the wall.

[0141] Step S6: Based on the evaluation results, the baseline parameters of the coordinated control strategy are calibrated and optimized: when the thermal buffering efficiency of the first region decreases beyond the first preset tolerance, the temperature threshold for identifying the summer insulation mode is lowered by the first calibration amount; when the phase change material performance of the second region decreases beyond the second preset tolerance, the temperature difference threshold for identifying the winter insulation mode is raised by the second calibration amount; when the temperature regulation performance of the intermediate region decreases beyond the third preset tolerance, the allowable temperature fluctuation range of the transitional season adaptive mode is narrowed by a preset percentage.

[0142] The necessary process is described below:

[0143] 1. First-zone thermal buffer performance degradation calibration:

[0144] Condition: If the evaluation results show that the thermal buffer performance degradation of the first region exceeds the first preset tolerance (e.g., thermal buffer performance degradation exceeds 20%), the calibration mechanism is triggered.

[0145] Calibration measure: The temperature threshold for identifying the summer insulation mode is lowered by a first calibration amount (e.g., lowered by 2°C). This adjustment aims to reduce the trigger temperature of the summer insulation mode, activate the heat absorption function of the phase change material microcapsules in the first region earlier, enhance the insulation effect, and compensate for the performance degradation caused by the decay of thermal buffering efficiency.

[0146] 2. Calibration of phase change material performance degradation in the second region:

[0147] Condition: If the evaluation results show that the performance degradation of the phase change material in the second region exceeds the second preset tolerance (e.g., the phase change energy storage capacity decreases by more than 20%), the calibration mechanism is triggered.

[0148] Calibration measure: Increase the temperature difference threshold for identifying the winter insulation mode by a second calibration amount (e.g., increase by 2°C). This adjustment aims to increase the trigger temperature difference for the winter insulation mode, activate the heat release function of the phase change material microcapsules in the second region earlier, enhance the insulation effect, and compensate for the performance degradation caused by the deterioration of the phase change material performance.

[0149] 3. Calibration of temperature regulation performance degradation in the intermediate region:

[0150] Condition: If the evaluation results show that the temperature regulation performance of the intermediate region has degraded beyond the third preset tolerance (e.g., the temperature regulation capability has decreased by more than 20%), the calibration mechanism will be triggered.

[0151] Calibration measure: Narrow the allowable temperature fluctuation range of the transitional season adaptive mode by a preset percentage (e.g., 10%). This adjustment aims to reduce the temperature fluctuation range, enhance the temperature regulation capability in the intermediate region, ensure a stable thermal environment under dynamic operating conditions, and compensate for performance degradation caused by the deterioration of temperature regulation performance.

[0152] Output and storage:

[0153] Parameter update: Update the calibrated and optimized baseline parameters to the digital twin model and strategy parameter storage unit to ensure that the latest optimized parameters are used in subsequent operations.

[0154] Recording and Feedback: Record the specific parameter adjustment values ​​for each calibration optimization and their corresponding evaluation results to provide reference data for subsequent system maintenance and performance optimization.

[0155] Step S7: Update the calibrated and optimized parameters to the digital twin model and strategy parameter storage unit to complete the system self-optimization.

[0156] Necessary process description:

[0157] 1. Update parameters to the digital twin model:

[0158] Data synchronization: The calibrated and optimized parameters (such as temperature threshold, temperature difference threshold, temperature fluctuation range, etc.) from step S6 are synchronized to the digital twin model. These parameter updates ensure that the model can more accurately simulate the thermal performance of the wall based on the latest operational data and performance evaluation results.

[0159] Model calibration: The digital twin model recalibrates its internal thermal performance prediction algorithm based on the updated parameters to ensure that the model's predictions are consistent with the actual operating conditions of the wall. For example, if the temperature threshold of the first zone is lowered by 2°C, the model will adjust its insulation mode prediction logic to reflect this change.

[0160] 2. Parameters are stored in the strategy parameter storage unit:

[0161] Storage Update: The calibrated and optimized parameters are stored in the policy parameter storage unit to ensure that these parameters can be correctly called and executed in subsequent operations. The policy parameter storage unit can be a local database, cloud storage, or other data management system.

[0162] Backup and Verification: While updating parameters, back up the old parameters so that previous settings can be restored if needed. Simultaneously, verify the updated parameters to ensure they meet the wall's operational requirements and safety standards.

[0163] 3. System self-optimization complete:

[0164] Real-time feedback and adjustment: After updating the parameters, the system continues to monitor the wall's operating status in real time and dynamically adjusts the collaborative control strategy based on the new parameter settings. If new performance deviations are detected, the system will restart the evaluation and calibration process to achieve continuous self-optimization.

[0165] Performance Reports and Records: The system generates detailed performance optimization reports, recording the time, content, and impact on the thermal performance of the wall for each parameter update. These reports provide maintenance personnel with the system's operational history and optimization trajectory, facilitating subsequent maintenance and further optimization.

[0166] A high thermal resistance energy-saving wall with directional radiation regulation, the structure of which also integrates an auxiliary system for active thermal regulation, including:

[0167] Microfluidic circulation network: Pre-embedded between the first and middle areas of the intermediate layer, used to introduce circulating fluid when needed to achieve active cooling of the outer and middle areas of the wall.

[0168] Electric heating control layer: Located between the second and middle zones of the intermediate layer, it is used to supplement the heating of the inner side and middle zone of the wall when needed.

[0169] Based on the aforementioned wall structure, the management and control methods also include proactive intervention steps, as detailed below:

[0170] Step S8: Based on the prediction results of the digital twin model, determine whether any of the following active intervention trigger conditions will be met within the first preset time period in the future:

[0171] First trigger condition: In summer heat insulation mode, the predicted indoor temperature exceeds the upper limit of the comfort range, and the phase change completion rate of the phase change material microcapsules in the first region exceeds the fourth preset threshold.

[0172] Second trigger condition: In winter insulation mode, the predicted indoor temperature is lower than the lower limit of the comfort range, and the phase change completion rate of the phase change material microcapsules in the second region exceeds the fifth preset threshold.

[0173] Specifically, the first preset time period is a preset time range used to determine whether active intervention measures need to be initiated. For example, the next 2 or 3 hours. The comfort zone refers to the comfortable range of indoor temperature, typically 24℃–26℃ in summer and 18℃–20℃ in winter; specific values ​​can be adjusted according to actual needs. Phase change completion rate refers to the proportion of phase change material microcapsules that have completed phase change at the current temperature, usually expressed as a percentage. The fourth preset threshold: In summer insulation mode, if the phase change completion rate of the phase change material microcapsules in the first zone exceeds this threshold (e.g., 80%), it indicates that the phase change material is close to saturation and requires additional intervention. The fifth preset threshold: In winter insulation mode, if the phase change completion rate of the phase change material microcapsules in the second zone exceeds this threshold (e.g., 80%), it indicates that the phase change material is close to saturation and requires additional intervention.

[0174] The necessary process is described below:

[0175] Analysis of prediction results:

[0176] Based on the prediction results of the digital twin model, the trend of indoor temperature change and the phase change state of phase change material microcapsules in each functional area are analyzed during the first preset period.

[0177] Determine whether the indoor temperature exceeds the upper or lower limit of the comfort range, and at the same time assess whether the phase change completion of the phase change material microcapsules exceeds the preset threshold.

[0178] Active intervention trigger conditions:

[0179] First trigger condition: In summer heat insulation mode, if the predicted indoor temperature exceeds the upper limit of the comfort range (e.g., 26℃) and the phase change completion rate of the phase change material microcapsules in the first region exceeds the fourth preset threshold (e.g., 80%), then the first active intervention is triggered.

[0180] Second trigger condition: In winter insulation mode, if the predicted indoor temperature is lower than the lower limit of the comfort range (e.g., 18℃) and the phase change completion rate of the phase change material microcapsules in the second region exceeds the fifth preset threshold (e.g., 80%), then the second active intervention is triggered.

[0181] Step S9: When the first triggering condition is met, execute the first active intervention: start the microfluidic circulation network and control the temperature of the circulating fluid flowing through the network to not exceed the first preset temperature value.

[0182] The specific process is as follows:

[0183] 1. Start microfluidic circulation:

[0184] System Response: The system automatically activates the microfluidic circulation network. This network is pre-designed within the wall structure and circulates cooling fluid (such as water or coolant) to the first and intermediate zones via pipes.

[0185] Temperature control: Control the temperature of the circulating fluid to ensure it does not exceed a first preset temperature value (e.g., 20°C). Adjust the fluid temperature using cooling equipment (e.g., chiller or cooling tower) to ensure the fluid reaches the set low temperature before entering the wall.

[0186] Flow rate regulation: The flow rate of the microfluidic system is dynamically adjusted according to the actual heat load of the wall to achieve the best cooling effect. Flow rate regulation can be achieved through a variable frequency pump, ensuring stable cooling performance under different operating conditions.

[0187] 2. Real-time monitoring and feedback:

[0188] Temperature monitoring: During the microfluidic circulation process, the inlet and outlet temperatures of the fluid, as well as the temperature changes in various functional areas inside the wall, are monitored in real time. Real-time data is acquired through a sensor array and fed back to the control system.

[0189] Dynamic adjustment: Based on real-time monitoring data, the fluid temperature and flow rate are dynamically adjusted to ensure that the indoor temperature quickly returns to a comfortable range. If the indoor temperature drops too quickly, the fluid temperature is increased appropriately; if the cooling effect is not significant, the flow rate is increased or the fluid temperature is decreased.

[0190] 3. Evaluation of intervention effectiveness:

[0191] Effectiveness Evaluation: The effectiveness of the proactive intervention is evaluated in real time using a digital twin model, comparing the actual changes in indoor temperature with the expected target. If the indoor temperature returns to the comfortable range within a preset time, the intervention is considered successful.

[0192] Recording and Optimization: Record the specific parameters of each active intervention (such as fluid temperature, flow rate, and duration) and their impact on the thermal performance of the wall, providing data support for subsequent system optimization.

[0193] Step S10: When the second triggering condition is met, execute the second active intervention: activate the electrothermal control layer and control the heating power to be no higher than the first preset power value.

[0194] The specific process is as follows:

[0195] 1. Activate electric heating control:

[0196] System Response: The system automatically activates the electrothermal control layer. This electrothermal control layer is pre-designed in the wall structure and heats the second and middle areas through electrothermal elements (such as electrothermal films or heating wires).

[0197] Power control: Controls the heating power of the heating element to not exceed a first preset power value (e.g., 1000W). The intelligent controller adjusts the current or voltage of the heating element to ensure that the heating power is within a safe range, while avoiding overheating and energy waste.

[0198] Temperature feedback: Real-time monitoring of temperature changes in various functional areas inside the wall, acquiring real-time data through a sensor array and feeding it back to the control system. Heating power is dynamically adjusted according to actual temperature requirements to ensure the indoor temperature quickly rises to a comfortable range.

[0199] 2. Real-time monitoring and feedback:

[0200] Temperature monitoring: During the electric heating control process, the temperature changes of each functional area inside the wall are monitored in real time, especially the temperature rise of the second and middle areas.

[0201] Dynamic adjustment: Based on real-time monitoring data, the heating power is dynamically adjusted to ensure that the indoor temperature quickly rises to a comfortable range. If the indoor temperature rises too quickly, the heating power is appropriately reduced; if the heating effect is not obvious, the heating power is increased.

[0202] 3. Evaluation of intervention effectiveness:

[0203] Effectiveness Evaluation: The effectiveness of the proactive intervention is evaluated in real time using a digital twin model, comparing the actual changes in indoor temperature with the expected target. If the indoor temperature returns to the comfortable range within the preset time, the intervention is considered successful.

[0204] Recording and Optimization: Record the specific parameters of each active intervention (such as heating power and duration) and their impact on the thermal performance of the wall to provide data support for subsequent system optimization.

[0205] Step S11: When the digital twin model predicts that the indoor temperature will reach and remain within the preset comfort temperature target range within the second preset time period, the active intervention is terminated.

[0206] The specific process is as follows:

[0207] 1. Predictive Assessment: Based on the real-time prediction function of the digital twin model, the system assesses the trend of indoor temperature changes over a second preset time period (e.g., the next 1 or 2 hours). By analyzing current temperature data, thermal conditions, and implemented proactive interventions, the model predicts whether the indoor temperature can naturally return to a comfortable range.

[0208] 2. Termination condition determination: If the model prediction shows that, under the condition of continued current intervention, the indoor temperature will enter and stabilize within the target range of comfortable temperature (e.g., 24℃–26℃ in summer and 18℃–20℃ in winter) within the second preset time period, then the termination condition is triggered.

[0209] At this point, the system confirms that the proactive intervention measures have achieved the expected results, the indoor temperature is about to return to stability, and there is no need to continue implementing additional heating or cooling measures.

[0210] 3. Active intervention to terminate:

[0211] Shutting down microfluidic circulation or electrothermal control: Based on the previously implemented active intervention measures, the system automatically shuts down the corresponding equipment. For example, if the microfluidic circulation network was previously activated (step S9), the cooling fluid circulation system is shut down; if the electrothermal control layer was activated (step S10), the electrothermal element is shut down.

[0212] Record the end of intervention: The system records the end time, duration, and final indoor temperature status of the active intervention, providing data support for subsequent performance evaluation and system optimization.

[0213] 4. System returns to passive control mode: After the active intervention is terminated, the system automatically switches back to passive control mode and continues to maintain the stability of indoor temperature through the material properties of the wall itself (such as phase change materials, hollow glass microspheres) and structural design (such as functional gradient distribution).

[0214] As a refinement and enhancement of the aforementioned global proactive intervention strategy, this method further designs a zone-based coordinated control mode. After the global proactive intervention in steps S8-S11, if the temperature in key indoor areas continues to deviate from the comfort range for more than a preset duration, it can be considered that the preset zone-based coordinated control trigger condition has been met. At this time, the control method will automatically switch to the zone-based coordinated mode and perform refined control including the following steps:

[0215] Step S12: Analyze the wall surface temperature distribution characteristics based on the wall surface temperature data collected by the sensor array.

[0216] Necessary process description:

[0217] 1. Data Acquisition: Utilizing a sensor array (such as thermocouples, fiber optic temperature sensors, etc.) embedded in the wall surface, real-time temperature data of the wall surface is acquired. The sensor array should be evenly distributed to ensure coverage of the entire wall surface, thus obtaining comprehensive temperature information.

[0218] 2. Data Preprocessing: The acquired temperature data undergoes preprocessing, including filtering, noise reduction, and data calibration, to improve the accuracy and reliability of the data. For example, a moving average filtering algorithm is used to remove sensor noise and ensure the smoothness of the temperature data.

[0219] 3. Temperature distribution characteristics analysis:

[0220] Temperature gradient analysis: Calculates the temperature gradient between different locations on the wall surface to identify areas of rapid temperature change. The temperature gradient can be calculated by dividing the temperature difference between adjacent sensors by the distance. ;in, and The temperatures of two adjacent sensors are respectively. and This indicates the location of the sensor.

[0221] Heat flow direction analysis: The direction of heat flow is determined based on the direction of the temperature gradient. Heat flow typically flows from high-temperature regions to low-temperature regions. By analyzing the direction of heat flow, heat source and heat sink regions can be identified.

[0222] Hot spot identification: Identifies hot spots (high-temperature areas) and cold spots (low-temperature areas) on the wall surface. The identification of hot spots and cold spots can be achieved by setting temperature thresholds. For example, areas with a temperature 5°C higher than the average temperature can be identified as hot spots, and areas with a temperature 5°C lower than the average temperature can be identified as cold spots.

[0223] 4. Feature Summary and Visualization: Summarize the analyzed temperature distribution characteristics to generate a temperature distribution map of the wall surface. This map can be generated using thermal imaging technology or data visualization software, visually displaying the temperature distribution on the wall surface. The temperature distribution map should include key features such as temperature gradient, heat flow direction, hot spots, and cold spots, providing a basis for subsequent wall zoning and control strategies.

[0224] Step S13: Based on the temperature distribution characteristics obtained from the analysis, the wall is divided into multiple independently controllable sub-regions, and the area of ​​each sub-region does not exceed a preset area threshold.

[0225] The necessary procedures are as follows:

[0226] 1. Application of Temperature Distribution Characteristic Analysis Results: Based on the temperature distribution characteristics of the wall surface obtained in step S12 (such as temperature gradient, heat flow direction, and locations of hot and cold spots), the thermal performance zones of the wall surface are determined. For example, hot spot areas, cold spot areas, and areas with large temperature gradients are used as key zones.

[0227] 2. Preset Area Threshold Setting: Based on the wall size, thermal performance requirements, and sensor array density, a maximum area threshold for each sub-region is set. For example, for large walls, the maximum area threshold for a sub-region can be set to 1 square meter; for small walls, it can be set to 0.5 square meters. This threshold ensures that each sub-region maintains high accuracy and efficiency during control.

[0228] 3. Sub-region division:

[0229] Mesh generation: The wall surface is divided into multiple meshes, with the area of ​​each mesh not exceeding a preset area threshold. Uniform mesh generation or non-uniform mesh generation based on temperature distribution characteristics can be used. For example, smaller meshes can be used for hotspot areas to improve control precision; larger meshes can be used for areas with uniform temperature.

[0230] Determination of Independent Controlled Regions: Based on temperature distribution characteristics, adjacent grids are combined into independently controlled sub-regions. Each sub-region should have relatively independent thermal characteristics. For example, one sub-region may contain a hot spot and its surrounding temperature gradient region, while another sub-region may contain a cold spot and its surrounding region.

[0231] 4. Sub-region boundary optimization:

[0232] The boundaries of the divided sub-regions are optimized to minimize thermal coupling between them. For example, the boundaries can be adjusted to make the heat flow direction as consistent as possible in each sub-region, reducing cross-interference of heat flow between them.

[0233] Ensure that the division of sub-zones conforms to the physical structure and material properties of the wall, and avoid the decline in thermal performance due to unreasonable division.

[0234] 5. Sub-region recording and marking:

[0235] The divided sub-regions will be recorded and labeled to provide basic data for subsequent heat conduction modeling and control strategies. Each sub-region should have a unique identifier and its location, area, temperature distribution characteristics, and other information should be recorded.

[0236] Step S14: Establish a heat conduction model for each sub-region. The model is constructed based on the material thermal parameters of the sub-region, real-time temperature data, and thermal coupling relationship between adjacent regions.

[0237] The specific process is as follows:

[0238] 1. Acquisition of Material Thermal Parameters: Collect the thermal parameters of materials in each sub-region, including thermal conductivity (λ), specific heat capacity (cp), density (ρ), etc. These parameters can be obtained through experimental measurement or by consulting material handbooks. For example, the thermal parameters of materials used in walls such as white cement matrix, phase change material microcapsules, and hollow glass microspheres.

[0239] 2. Real-time Temperature Data Input: Real-time temperature data collected by the sensor array is input into the heat conduction model. This data includes the temperature distribution within the sub-region and the temperature difference with adjacent regions. Real-time temperature data reflects the current thermal state and provides initial conditions for the model.

[0240] 3. Thermal Coupling Analysis: This section analyzes the thermal coupling relationships between sub-regions, i.e., the transfer of heat between adjacent sub-regions. The strength of the thermal coupling is determined by calculating the temperature gradient and heat flux density between adjacent sub-regions. For example, heat flux density (q) can be calculated using Fourier's law:

[0241] .

[0242] Where ΔT is the temperature difference between adjacent sub-regions, and Δx is the distance between sub-regions.

[0243] 4. Heat Conduction Model Construction: Based on the above parameters and data, a heat conduction model is established for each sub-region. The model can be solved using the finite difference method, finite element method, or other numerical methods to solve the heat conduction equation. For example, the one-dimensional heat conduction equation can be expressed as: .

[0244] Where T is temperature and t is time. It is thermal diffusivity.

[0245] The model considers the thermal coupling relationship between adjacent sub-regions, describing heat transfer and distribution through boundary conditions and initial conditions. For example, for adjacent sub-regions i and i+1, the boundary conditions can be expressed as:

[0246] This indicates the continuity of heat at the boundaries of the sub-regions.

[0247] 5. Model Validation and Calibration: The model is validated and calibrated using historical data or known thermal behaviors. Model parameters are adjusted to improve prediction accuracy by comparing model predictions with actual monitoring data. Model parameters are updated regularly to reflect the impact of material aging or environmental changes on thermal performance.

[0248] Step S15: When any sub-region reaches the active intervention triggering condition, predict the propagation range of thermal disturbance within a preset time period based on its heat conduction model, and adjust the phase change material triggering temperature within the predicted influence area, with the adjustment range not less than a preset ratio.

[0249] Necessary process description:

[0250] 1. Active intervention trigger condition judgment: Continuously monitor the real-time temperature data and thermal state of each sub-region to determine whether the preset active intervention trigger conditions are met. For example, when the temperature of a sub-region exceeds the preset comfort range (such as exceeding 26°C in summer or below 18°C ​​in winter) and the phase change material microcapsules have a phase change completion rate exceeding a preset threshold (such as 80%), active intervention is triggered.

[0251] 2. Thermal Disturbance Propagation Range Prediction: When the triggering conditions are met, the thermal conduction model of the sub-region is used to predict the propagation range of the thermal disturbance within a preset time period (e.g., the next hour). The model calculates the heat propagation path and impact range based on the material thermal parameters of the sub-region, real-time temperature data, and the thermal coupling relationship between adjacent regions. For example, numerical simulations can be used to calculate the propagation of heat flow within a wall to determine the affected sub-region. The finite difference method or finite element method can be used to solve the heat conduction equations to predict the propagation path and intensity of the thermal disturbance.

[0252] 3. Adjust the trigger temperature of the phase change material: Within the predicted affected area, adjust the trigger temperature of the phase change material microcapsules according to the intensity and propagation range of the thermal disturbance. The adjustment should not be less than a preset percentage (e.g., 10%) to ensure that the phase change material can respond to thermal disturbances more effectively. For example, if the prediction shows that the temperature in a certain sub-region will rise significantly, the trigger temperature of the phase change material in that region and the affected region can be lowered by 10% to initiate the phase change heat absorption process earlier and enhance the thermal insulation effect.

[0253] 4. Adjustment Implementation and Monitoring: The phase change material (PCM) trigger temperature is adjusted via an intelligent control system. Adjustments can be made by regulating the microfluidic circulation temperature within the wall, the power of the heating elements, or the thermal management unit of the PCM. The effects of the adjustments are monitored in real time to ensure the PCM effectively responds to thermal disturbances at the new trigger temperature. If the adjustment is ineffective, the PCM trigger temperature can be further adjusted or other auxiliary measures can be taken.

[0254] 5. Recording and Feedback: Record the specific parameters of each adjustment (such as adjustment range, affected area, and adjustment time) and their impact on the thermal performance of the wall. This data will be fed back into the digital twin model to optimize subsequent thermal disturbance prediction and intervention strategies.

[0255] Step S16: Establish a dynamic heat load distribution mechanism between sub-regions. When the energy storage saturation of the phase change material in a certain sub-region exceeds the preset saturation threshold, the heat load, which is not less than the preset distribution ratio, is redistributed to the adjacent sub-region with lower energy storage saturation.

[0256] Necessary process description:

[0257] 1. Establishment of a dynamic heat load distribution mechanism:

[0258] Design and implement a dynamic heat load distribution mechanism to redistribute heat load among sub-regions. This mechanism is based on the real-time thermal state of each sub-region, particularly the energy storage saturation of the phase change material microcapsules. Energy storage saturation monitoring: Continuously monitor the energy storage saturation of the phase change material microcapsules in each sub-region. Energy storage saturation can be measured by the phase change completion rate of the phase change material; for example, when the phase change completion rate exceeds 80%, the energy storage saturation is considered high.

[0259] 2. Triggering conditions for heat load distribution:

[0260] When the energy storage saturation of the phase change material in a certain sub-region exceeds a preset saturation threshold (e.g., 80%), the heat load distribution mechanism is triggered. This indicates that the phase change material microcapsules in that sub-region are approaching their energy storage limit and some of the heat load needs to be transferred to other sub-regions.

[0261] 3. Heat load redistribution:

[0262] Determine the allocation ratio: Based on the preset allocation ratio (e.g., 30%), determine the amount of heat load that needs to be transferred from the high-saturation sub-region. For example, if the phase change material energy storage saturation of a certain sub-region reaches 85%, then 30% of the heat load of that sub-region will be redistributed.

[0263] Target sub-region selection: Select an adjacent sub-region with a lower energy storage saturation as the target region for heat load transfer. The selection of the target sub-region should be based on the current energy storage state and thermal performance of its phase change material to ensure effective absorption of the transferred heat load.

[0264] Heat load transfer implementation: Heat load is transferred from a high-saturation sub-region to a target sub-region by adjusting the heat flow path or thermal management unit between sub-regions. For example, heat load transfer can be achieved by adjusting the flow direction or flow rate of microfluidic circulation, or by power distribution of electric heating elements.

[0265] 4. Real-time monitoring and adjustment: During the heat load transfer process, the temperature changes and energy storage status of the phase change material in each sub-region are monitored in real time to ensure that the heat load transfer effect meets expectations.

[0266] If the energy storage saturation of the target sub-region is close to the preset threshold, the heat load distribution ratio should be adjusted in a timely manner or a new target sub-region should be selected to avoid overloading of the target sub-region.

[0267] 5. Recording and Feedback: Record the specific parameters of each heat load allocation (such as allocation ratio, amount of heat load transferred, target sub-area number) and its impact on the thermal performance of the wall.

[0268] Step S17: When the temperature control deviation of a certain sub-region continues to exceed the preset deviation threshold for a preset duration, the compensation control of the adjacent sub-region is initiated. Thermal compensation is achieved by adjusting the trigger temperature of the phase change material, and the adjustment range is not less than the preset compensation ratio.

[0269] The necessary process is described below:

[0270] 1. Temperature Control Deviation Monitoring: Continuously monitor the temperature control deviation of each sub-region, i.e., the difference between the actual temperature and the target temperature. The temperature control deviation can be calculated using the following formula:

[0271] ;in, It is the actual temperature of the sub-region. It is the set target temperature.

[0272] 2. Determination of Deviation Duration: Determine whether the temperature control deviation has continuously exceeded the preset deviation threshold (e.g., ±2℃) for a preset duration (e.g., 30 minutes). If the temperature control deviation of a certain sub-region continuously exceeds this threshold, it indicates that the temperature control effect of that sub-region is poor, and compensation control needs to be activated.

[0273] 3. Activate compensation control in adjacent sub-regions: When the temperature control deviation of a certain sub-region is detected to continuously exceed the preset deviation threshold for a preset duration, the compensation control mechanism for adjacent sub-regions is activated. The sub-region that is adjacent to the first sub-region and has a strong thermal coupling relationship is selected as the target region for compensation control.

[0274] 4. Adjust the trigger temperature of the phase change material: In adjacent sub-regions, adjust the trigger temperature of the phase change material microcapsules to achieve thermal compensation. The adjustment range should not be less than the preset compensation ratio (e.g., 15%). For example, if the trigger temperature of the phase change material in the target sub-region is 25℃, lower it to 21.25℃ (a 15% reduction) to enhance the heat absorption or release capacity of the phase change material, thereby providing thermal compensation to the target sub-region.

[0275] 5. Real-time monitoring and adjustment: During the compensation and control process, the temperature changes and energy storage status of the phase change material in the target sub-region are monitored in real time to ensure that the thermal compensation effect meets expectations. If the temperature control deviation in the target sub-region is still not effectively improved, the trigger temperature of the phase change material can be further adjusted or other adjacent sub-regions can be selected for compensation and control.

[0276] 6. Recording and Feedback: Record the specific parameters of each compensation adjustment (such as adjustment range, compensation sub-region number, and compensation time) and their impact on the wall's thermal performance. Feed this data back to the digital twin model to optimize subsequent compensation adjustment strategies and thermal performance assessments.

[0277] It should be noted that all algorithms, models, and data processing methods involved in this application, including but not limited to thermal pattern recognition, digital twin prediction, collaborative control strategies, parameter self-optimization, and zonal collaborative logic, are strictly limited to the field of building envelope thermal performance optimization and energy-saving management in terms of their research, training, and application scenarios. All data processing objects are physical environmental parameters (temperature, radiation, etc.) and material state information, and do not involve any personally identifiable information or non-technical commercial rules. The design goal of the algorithm is purely to improve the thermal performance and system energy efficiency of the physical entity of the wall, and the decision-making logic is transparent and serves a clear engineering and technical purpose.

[0278] The aforementioned control methods detail how to dynamically monitor, predict, and proactively intervene in the thermal performance of walls using digital twin models and sensor arrays. These methods primarily target the operational phase of the wall, aiming to improve its energy efficiency and thermal comfort through intelligent regulation. However, the fabrication process is equally crucial to ensuring the wall maintains high performance over long-term operation. Therefore, a method for fabricating a high thermal resistance energy-saving wall with directional radiation regulation is proposed. This method ensures excellent thermal performance and structural stability of the wall during the manufacturing stage by precisely controlling material ratios and process parameters. The detailed steps of this fabrication method are as follows:

[0279] Step 1, Preparation of polyacrylamide hydrogel: Acrylamide monomer, crosslinking agent, and initiator are dissolved in deionized water. After adding the catalyst, the solution is allowed to stand for gelation. The mass concentration of acrylamide in the solution is not higher than a first preset concentration value (preferably 3.2 wt%). In a specific embodiment, 40 g of acrylamide monomer, 2 g of N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide crosslinking agent, and 1 g of potassium persulfate initiator are dissolved in 1200 ml of deionized water. The solution is stirred at 200–400 rpm until the solids are completely dissolved. Then, 1.2 ml of tetramethylethylenediamine catalyst is added to the solution using a pipette, and the mixture is stirred at 100–200 rpm until homogeneous. The solution is then allowed to stand at an ambient temperature of 20–25°C for 30–60 minutes to allow it to gel. For example, when the solution temperature is controlled at 23°C, the gelation time is approximately 45 minutes, and the resulting hydrogel has an elastic modulus of up to 1.2 kPa. After breakage, it can heal itself within 5 minutes, effectively preventing the sedimentation of phase change microcapsules.

[0280] Step 2, Premixing Treatment: The phase change material microcapsules and white cement powder are placed in a resonant mixing device at a first preset ratio (preferably a mass ratio of 1:10). The mixture is then subjected to resonant treatment for a minimum of the first preset time (preferably 30 minutes) under conditions of a frequency not lower than the second preset value (preferably 60Hz) and an acceleration not lower than 50g, ensuring uniform mixing. For example, when the average particle size of the phase change microcapsules is 30μm, uniform dispersion can be achieved after 25 minutes of resonant treatment. The temperature of the resonant cavity in the resonant mixing device is controlled at 25±2℃ to prevent premature phase change of the phase change material microcapsules during the mixing process.

[0281] Step 3, Slurry Preparation: The obtained hydrogel, hollow glass microspheres, and premixed powder are mixed according to a second preset ratio (preferably 20:1:10 by mass). The mixture is then processed under low-speed stirring for at least a second preset time (preferably 5 minutes) to form a uniform slurry utilizing the break-healing properties of the hydrogel. The particle size of the hollow glass microspheres is no larger than a first preset particle size value (preferably 50 μm). For example, when the slurry temperature is maintained at 22℃, the viscosity remains around 2800 mPa·s. At this point, adding the premixed powder and stirring at 150 rpm ensures that the breakage rate of the phase change microcapsules is less than 5%. Specifically, 623 g of hydrogel and 30 g of glass microspheres are first mixed at 300–500 rpm, then the premixed powder is added and stirred at 100–200 rpm for 5 minutes, controlling the slurry viscosity within the range of 2000–4000 mPa·s.

[0282] Step 4, Casting and Molding: The slurry is injected into the mold and compacted (preferably using a vibrating table or manual compaction) to form a dense wall panel blank. For example, when the mold size is 600mm×400mm×100mm, the casting speed is controlled at 0.8kg / min, the compaction frequency is 75Hz, the amplitude is 0.7mm, and the compaction time is 8 minutes, resulting in a wall panel blank with a density uniformity error of less than 3%. The casting speed is controlled at 0.5–1.0kg / min, the compaction frequency is preferably 50–100Hz, the amplitude is 0.5–1.0mm, and the compaction time is not less than 5 minutes.

[0283] Step 5, Surface Treatment and Curing: An aluminum silver powder layer is applied to the interior surface of the wall panel blank using an electrostatic spraying process. The coating thickness is not less than the first preset thickness value (preferably 50–150 μm). For example, when the spraying voltage is 70 kV and the spraying distance is 180 mm, the coating thickness can reach 80 μm, and the adhesion grade reaches level 1, meeting the GB / T9286 standard. The spraying voltage is 60–80 kV, the spraying distance is 150–200 mm, the atomizing air pressure is 0.3–0.5 MPa, and the spray gun moving speed is 0.3–0.5 m / s. As an example of a preset room temperature environment, the curing environment can be a temperature of 20–25℃ and a relative humidity of 60–70%, and the third preset time can preferably be 24 hours.

[0284] Step 6, Curing and Demolding: After curing, demold to obtain a high thermal resistance energy-saving wall panel with directional radiation regulation. For example, after curing for 24 hours at 23℃ and 65%RH, the wall panel's compressive strength can reach 12MPa, and the measured thermal conductivity is 0.065W / (m·K), meeting the Class A combustion performance requirements. After demolding, the wall panel surface may be sanded and finished as needed, and its strength, thermal conductivity, density, porosity, and other properties may be tested.

[0285] The embodiments described in this specific implementation are preferred embodiments of this application and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, all equivalent changes made in accordance with the structure, shape and principle of this application should be covered within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. A high thermal resistance energy-saving wall with directional radiation regulation, characterized in that, include: The outer layer is composed of a white cement matrix. The iron content of the white cement matrix is ​​lower than the first preset threshold and the manganese content is lower than the second preset threshold, so that the outer layer has a reflectivity not lower than the first preset reflectivity value in the solar spectrum range and an emissivity not lower than the first preset emissivity value in the atmospheric window band. The intermediate layer, composited on the inner side of the outer layer, is composed of a white cement matrix, polyacrylamide hydrogel, hollow glass microspheres, and phase change material microcapsules. The polyacrylamide hydrogel forms a three-dimensional network structure to disperse and fix the hollow glass microspheres and phase change material microcapsules, preventing sedimentation. The hollow glass microspheres are dispersed in the white cement matrix to construct multi-level pores to enhance thermal resistance. The phase change material microcapsules are dispersed in the white cement matrix to absorb and release heat and smooth temperature fluctuations. The inner layer, located on the indoor surface of the middle layer, is composed of an electrostatically sprayed metal powder layer, and its emissivity in the infrared band is lower than the second preset emissivity threshold.

2. The high thermal resistance energy-saving wall with directional radiation regulation according to claim 1, characterized in that, The metal powder layer is an aluminum-silver powder layer.

3. The high thermal resistance energy-saving wall with directional radiation regulation according to claim 1, characterized in that, The phase change material microcapsules exhibit a functional gradient distribution along the thickness direction of the intermediate layer, specifically comprising three functional regions: The first region, near the outer layer, is equipped with phase change material microcapsules with a phase change temperature not lower than a first preset temperature value, and the volume content of hollow glass microspheres is not lower than a first preset content value. The second region, near the inner layer, is equipped with phase change material microcapsules with a phase change temperature not higher than the second preset temperature value, and the volume content of hollow glass microspheres is not higher than the second preset content value. The middle region, located between the first region and the second region, is equipped with phase change material microcapsules with a phase change temperature between a first preset temperature value and a second preset temperature value, and the volume doping of hollow glass microspheres is between a first preset doping value and a second preset doping value. Among them, the first preset temperature value is higher than the second preset temperature value, and the first preset dosage value is higher than the second preset dosage value.

4. A method for controlling a high thermal resistance energy-saving wall with directional radiation regulation, applied to the high thermal resistance energy-saving wall with directional radiation regulation as described in claim 3, characterized in that, include: By pre-embedding sensor arrays in each functional area of ​​the intermediate layer, temperature data of each area is collected, and outdoor solar radiation intensity and indoor and outdoor ambient temperature are also obtained. The temperature gradient change rate between adjacent areas is calculated based on the collected temperature data. The dominant thermal mode is identified according to the preset temperature threshold and radiation threshold, including summer insulation mode, winter heat preservation mode and transitional season adaptive mode. Based on the identified dominant thermal mode, the corresponding passive control strategy is executed.

5. The method for controlling a high thermal resistance energy-saving wall with directional radiation regulation according to claim 4, characterized in that, Based on the identified dominant thermal mode, the corresponding passive control strategies implemented include: When the summer insulation mode is identified, the first synergistic control strategy is implemented: the first region of the middle layer is the dominant control zone, which blocks the input of external heat through the phase change heat absorption of its phase change material microcapsules and the high thermal resistance of hollow glass microspheres; at the same time, the middle region is used as the secondary control zone to provide thermal buffer, and the second region is used as the basic insulation zone to maintain the terminal thermal resistance; the high reflectivity and high emissivity of the outer layer and the low emissivity of the inner layer are activated simultaneously to form a progressive insulation system from the outside to the inside. When the winter insulation mode is identified, the second synergistic control strategy is implemented: the second region of the middle layer is the dominant control zone, which maintains indoor thermal stability through the phase change heat release and thermal buffering structure of its phase change material microcapsules; at the same time, the first region is used as an external barrier zone to block the invasion of outdoor low temperature, and the middle region is used as a transition zone to achieve a smooth temperature distribution; the low emissivity characteristics of the inner layer are used as the main synergistic means, which, together with the high emissivity characteristics of the outer layer, form a thermal protection system from the inside out. When the transitional season adaptive mode is identified, the third collaborative regulation strategy is executed: the middle region of the intermediate layer is used as the core regulation area, and dynamic temperature regulation is achieved through the cyclic phase change and balanced thermal resistance and thermal capacity structure of its phase change material microcapsules; the first and second regions serve as boundary stabilization regions, providing stable thermal boundaries for dynamic temperature regulation; the radiation characteristics of the outer and inner layers participate in the regulation synchronously, and together achieve adaptive thermal environment balance.

6. The method for controlling a high thermal resistance energy-saving wall with directional radiation regulation according to claim 5, characterized in that, It also includes steps that occur before the corresponding passive control strategy is executed, as follows: The real-time collected sensor array data and environmental parameters are input into a preset digital twin model corresponding to the physical structure of the wall. The sensor array data includes temperature data of the three functional areas of the middle layer, the rate of change of temperature gradient between each area, and the phase change state data of the phase change material microcapsules in each area. Based on the digital twin model, the system outputs prediction results of the temperature evolution trend of each functional region of the intermediate layer and the phase change state of the phase change material microcapsules within a preset time period. Based on the prediction results, the triggering parameters of the coordinated control strategy are proactively adjusted: when the prediction shows that the temperature of the first region will reach the first preset temperature value within a time threshold not higher than the first preset temperature value, the temperature threshold for triggering the secondary control zone function is adjusted to be no higher than the second preset temperature value; when the prediction shows that the temperature of the second region will drop to below the third preset temperature value within a time threshold not higher than the second preset temperature value, the temperature difference threshold for controlling the effectiveness of the external barrier zone is adjusted to be no lower than the first preset temperature difference value; when the prediction shows that the phase change cycle frequency of the intermediate region exceeds the preset frequency threshold, the allowable temperature fluctuation range of the boundary stable zone is reduced to a preset proportion of the original range. The adjusted parameters are stored, and based on the prediction results, the triggering time of each coordinated control strategy is advanced by no less than the third time threshold.

7. The method for controlling a high thermal resistance energy-saving wall with directional radiation regulation according to claim 6, characterized in that, Also includes: After the passive control strategy is executed, the historical data of the sensor array and environmental parameters collected within the preset period are input into the digital twin model. Based on the digital twin model, by comparing the deviation between historical monitoring data and the model's expected data, the assessment results of the degree of thermal performance degradation in each functional area are output. Based on the evaluation results, the baseline parameters of the coordinated control strategy are calibrated and optimized: when the thermal buffering efficiency of the first region decreases beyond the first preset tolerance, the temperature threshold for identifying the summer insulation mode is lowered by the first calibration amount; when the phase change material performance of the second region decreases beyond the second preset tolerance, the temperature difference threshold for identifying the winter insulation mode is raised by the second calibration amount; when the temperature regulation performance of the intermediate region decreases beyond the third preset tolerance, the allowable temperature fluctuation range of the transition season adaptive mode is narrowed by a preset percentage. The calibrated and optimized parameters are updated to the digital twin model and strategy parameter storage unit to complete the system's self-optimization.

8. The method for controlling a high thermal resistance energy-saving wall with directional radiation regulation according to claim 7, characterized in that, The high thermal resistance energy-saving wall with directional radiation regulation is also equipped with a microfluidic circulation network pre-embedded in the first and middle areas of the intermediate layer, and an electrothermal regulation layer set between the second and middle areas. The control method also includes active intervention steps, as follows: Based on the prediction results of the digital twin model, determine whether any of the following active intervention trigger conditions will be met within the first preset time period in the future: First trigger condition: In summer heat insulation mode, the predicted indoor temperature exceeds the upper limit of the comfort range, and the phase change completion of the phase change material microcapsules in the first region exceeds the fourth preset threshold. Second trigger condition: In winter insulation mode, the predicted indoor temperature is lower than the lower limit of the comfort range, and the phase change completion of the phase change material microcapsules in the second region exceeds the fifth preset threshold. When the first triggering condition is met, the first active intervention is executed: the microfluidic circulation network is started, and the temperature of the circulating fluid flowing through the network is controlled to be no higher than the first preset temperature value; When the second triggering condition is met, the second active intervention is executed: the electrothermal control layer is activated to control the heating power to be no higher than the first preset power value; When the digital twin model predicts that the indoor temperature will reach and remain within the preset comfort temperature target range during the second preset time period, the active intervention will be terminated.

9. A method for preparing a high thermal resistance energy-saving wall with directional radiation regulation, applied to the high thermal resistance energy-saving wall with directional radiation regulation as described in any one of claims 1 to 2, characterized in that, include: Preparation of polyacrylamide hydrogel: Acrylamide monomer, crosslinking agent and initiator are dissolved in deionized water, and after adding catalyst, the mixture is allowed to stand and gel. The mass concentration of acrylamide in the solution is not higher than a first preset concentration value. Premixing treatment: Phase change material microcapsules and white cement powder are placed in a resonant mixing device according to a first preset ratio, and the resonant treatment is carried out for a time not less than a second preset frequency value to obtain premixed powder. Slurry preparation: The obtained hydrogel, hollow glass microspheres and premixed powder are mixed according to the second preset ratio and processed for no less than the second preset time under the preset stirring speed. During the stirring process, the hydrogel network is broken by shearing to promote dispersion, and the system is stabilized by its rehealing characteristics after standing, thereby forming a uniform slurry. The particle size of the hollow glass microspheres is no greater than the first preset particle size value. Casting and molding: The slurry is injected into the mold and compacted by vibration to form a dense wall panel blank; Surface treatment and curing: Apply an aluminum silver powder layer to the interior side surface of the wall panel blank through electrostatic spraying process. The coating thickness is not less than the first preset thickness value. Then, place the mold in a preset room temperature environment for curing for not less than the third preset time. Demolding: After curing, demolding is performed to obtain a high thermal resistance energy-saving wall with directional radiation regulation.

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