Cooperative operation method, system and equipment for electricity and hydrogen storage integrated system and medium

Abstract

The invention discloses a collaborative operation method, system, equipment and medium for an electricity-hydrogen storage integrated system, and relates to the technical field of electricity-hydrogen storage, comprising the steps of generating total output power based on environmental parameters by integrating photovoltaic power generation and wind power generation, performing electric energy conversion treatment on the total output power, and supplying the converted electric energy to a water electrolysis hydrogen production process. Hydrogen is generated by electrolyzing water, the hydrogen production rate is monitored in real time, the generated hydrogen is stored, the hydrogen storage pressure is adjusted according to a dynamic pressure model, the stored hydrogen is supplied to the fuel cell power generation process, electric energy is generated according to the load requirement, and through the cooperative control process and based on a multi-stage optimization control framework, the power generation efficiency of the fuel cell is improved. And power generation, conversion, hydrogen production, storage and power generation processes are cooperatively controlled in real time. According to the method, the problems of renewable energy fluctuation absorption and efficient conversion are solved, the breakthrough improvement of millisecond-level real-time response is realized, and the safety and economy of long-term operation of the system are guaranteed.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of electric hydrogen storage, in particular to a method, system, device and medium for cooperative operation of an electric hydrogen storage integrated system. BACKGROUND

[0002] With the continuous improvement of renewable energy penetration, the electric hydrogen storage integrated system is an effective way to solve the problem of wind and light output fluctuation and load demand matching. The existing technology usually adopts the architecture mode of photovoltaic + lithium battery + hydrogen storage energy, and realizes energy management through threshold judgment and segmented control. The system tries to improve the energy storage density by introducing a methanol synthesis link, and uses lithium batteries as power buffer units, which improves the consumption capacity of renewable energy to a certain extent. However, such architecture generally has the problem of single energy input source, relying only on photovoltaic power generation without integrating wind power generation, resulting in insufficient adaptability in low light high wind speed areas or day and night wind light complementary scenes. At the same time, the control strategy is based on prediction ratio and static threshold judgment, lacking quantitative description and real-time response mechanism for dynamic coupling relationship between electrolytic tank, hydrogen storage tank, fuel cell and other core equipment.

[0003] The existing technology has three key defects: first, on the energy input side, single photovoltaic dependence leads to system output fluctuation coefficient, which brings significant pressure to the stable operation of subsequent electrolytic tank and other equipment; second, on the control logic level, the threshold decision based on hourly prediction has a response lag of at least 30 seconds, and a dynamic correlation model of hydrogen production rate and hydrogen storage pressure is not established, resulting in rate fluctuation and frequent pressure relief of safety valve in the hydrogen production process; finally, in the energy conversion link, the multi-stage conversion path of electricity-hydrogen-methanol-hydrogen-electricity is adopted, and due to the thermal loss and electric energy consumption of methanol synthesis and reforming process, the whole link efficiency is low, and the number of daily mode switching of the equipment is large, and the energy consumption of single switching is high, which restricts the economy of the system. SUMMARY

[0004] In view of the above existing problems, the present application provides a method, system, device and medium for cooperative operation of an electric hydrogen storage integrated system, to solve the problems of rate fluctuation and frequent pressure relief of safety valve in the hydrogen production process in the prior art, low whole link efficiency, and high energy consumption of single switching of the equipment.

[0005] To solve the above technical problems, a method for cooperative operation of an electric hydrogen storage integrated system is proposed, comprising, By integrating photovoltaic and wind power generation, a total output power is generated based on environmental parameters, and this total output power is converted into electricity. The converted electricity is then supplied to the water electrolysis hydrogen production process, where hydrogen is produced through water electrolysis. The hydrogen production rate is monitored in real time, and the produced hydrogen is stored. The hydrogen storage pressure is adjusted according to a dynamic pressure model. The stored hydrogen is then supplied to the fuel cell power generation process, where electricity is generated according to load demand. Through a collaborative control process, based on a multi-level optimized control architecture, the power generation, conversion, hydrogen production, storage, and power generation processes are controlled in real time.

[0006] As a preferred embodiment of the method for coordinated operation of the integrated electric-hydrogen-storage system described in this invention, the method for generating total output power includes real-time monitoring of light intensity and temperature, and dynamic correction of photovoltaic power generation output power through a power correction method. Real-time monitoring of wind speed and calculation of wind power output power through a wind speed-power relationship model; integration of photovoltaic power output power and wind power output power; utilization of wind-solar complementary effect to smooth out fluctuations and obtain total output power.

[0007] As a preferred embodiment of the method for coordinated operation of the integrated electric-hydrogen storage system described in this invention, the step of performing electrical energy conversion includes converting alternating current into direct current through a rectification process and stabilizing the DC side voltage. The inverter process converts direct current into alternating current and adjusts the output voltage and frequency to match the load demand, dynamically distributing the rectified and inverted electrical energy to the water electrolysis hydrogen production process and the load.

[0008] As a preferred embodiment of the method for coordinated operation of the integrated electro-hydrogen storage system described in this invention, the step of adjusting the hydrogen storage pressure according to the dynamic pressure model includes, during the process of producing hydrogen by water electrolysis, dynamically adjusting the hydrogen production rate according to the input current, wherein the hydrogen production rate is correlated with the input current through the hydrogen production rate model, and the cell voltage is optimized in real time. During hydrogen storage, based on the dynamic relationship between hydrogen mass change and hydrogen storage pressure, the hydrogen storage pressure is adjusted through a pressure regulation model, and the hydrogen production rate is dynamically coupled with the hydrogen storage pressure.

[0009] As a preferred embodiment of the method for coordinated operation of the integrated electricity-hydrogen-storage system described in this invention, the photovoltaic power generation output power includes, under standard test conditions, the rated output power calculated based on the number of photovoltaic modules connected in series, the module open-circuit voltage under standard operating conditions, the module short-circuit current under standard operating conditions, and the fill factor under standard operating conditions, expressed by the following formula: in, This refers to the number of photovoltaic modules connected in series. This refers to the rated output power of the photovoltaic array under standard test conditions. This refers to the open-circuit voltage of the component under standard operating conditions. This refers to the short-circuit current of the component under standard operating conditions. The fill factor is the fill factor under standard operating conditions. In actual operation, the output power is corrected by the power temperature coefficient and the comprehensive loss coefficient based on the real-time monitored light intensity and temperature, and the output power is constrained not to exceed the rated power of the photovoltaic array. The corrected output power formula is expressed as: in, The actual output power of the photovoltaic array at time t. The actual light intensity received by the photovoltaic panel at time t. The light intensity under standard test conditions. The actual operating temperature of the photovoltaic cell at time t. The cell temperature under standard test conditions. The power temperature coefficient of a photovoltaic module. The comprehensive loss coefficient, It is a time variable; The wind power output includes the following: during the startup phase, when the wind speed is between the cut-in wind speed and the rated wind speed, the output power increases with the cube of the wind speed; during the rated phase, when the wind speed is between the rated wind speed and the cut-out wind speed, the output power remains at the rated value; during the shutdown phase, when the wind speed exceeds the cut-out wind speed, the output power is zero, and the wind turbine triggers a safety protection mechanism; the actual output power is calculated by correcting for instantaneous wind speed fluctuations using a turbulence intensity correction coefficient.

[0010] As a preferred embodiment of the method for coordinated operation of the integrated electric hydrogen storage system described in this invention, the rectification process includes: establishing a voltage balance equation based on the input inductance, the equivalent resistance of the inductance, the d-axis and q-axis components of the grid voltage, the d-axis and q-axis components of the rectifier output voltage, and the grid angular frequency in the dq synchronous rotating coordinate system; and relating the DC-side voltage and current through the DC-side support capacitor and the load current. The voltage balance equation is expressed as: in, and The components of the rectifier input current on the d-axis and q-axis at time t. The input inductance of the rectifier. Inductor The sum of the equivalent resistance and the line resistance, and These are the components of the grid voltage on the d-axis and q-axis. and These are the d-axis and q-axis components of the rectifier output voltage. The angular frequency of the power grid. and This is the rotationally coupled voltage term; The inverter process includes adjusting the output voltage reference value and frequency reference value based on the rated output line voltage, rated frequency, voltage droop coefficient, frequency droop coefficient, active power and reactive power output of the inverter unit, and rated active power through the voltage-frequency droop equation, and associating the output power with the DC bus current, and synchronizing with the grid when connected to the grid. The voltage-frequency droop equation is expressed as: in, This is the reference value for the inverter output voltage at time t. This is a reference value for the inverter output frequency at time t. This is the system's rated output line voltage. The system's rated frequency, This is the voltage droop factor. This is the frequency droop factor. This represents the actual active power output by the inverter at time t. This represents the actual reactive power output by the inverter at time t. This refers to the rated active power of the inverter. This refers to the rated reactive power of the inverter. The hydrogen production rate model includes, based on Faraday's law, the instantaneous hydrogen production rate is related to the input current and Faraday efficiency, and varies with the current density. The cell voltage is calculated by the Nernst equation to determine the reversible voltage, and is determined by combining the activation overpotential, ohmic overpotential and concentration overpotential, thereby optimizing the hydrogen production energy consumption. The pressure regulation model includes, based on the ideal gas law, the pressure inside the hydrogen storage tank is related to the hydrogen mass, the hydrogen gas constant, the temperature inside the hydrogen storage tank and the total volume of the hydrogen storage tank. The rate of change of hydrogen mass is equal to the difference between the hydrogen supply mass flow rate from water electrolysis and the hydrogen consumption mass flow rate from the fuel cell. The pressure is maintained within a safe range by dynamically adjusting the hydrogen supply and consumption flow rates.

[0011] As a preferred embodiment of the collaborative operation method for the integrated power-hydrogen-storage system described in this invention, the multi-level optimization control architecture includes: at the cloud layer, integrating the process model and the electrical model through a digital twin platform, performing day-ahead long-term optimization with the goal of maximizing system energy self-balance, generating multiple sets of typical wind and solar power output scenarios using Latin hypercube sampling, retaining representative scenarios through a scenario reduction algorithm, and solving the global optimization problem using the following formula: in, The objective function for the first stage of optimization is... For the number of scenes, For scene indexing, To predict the output power of the fuel cell at time t in the s-th scenario, For the power of interaction with the power grid, Let the electricity purchase cost at time t be in the s-th scenario. To determine the load power consumption at time t in the s-th scenario, The actual pressure of the hydrogen storage tank at time t. The preset minimum safety pressure, To maximize safety pressure, For equipment health index, As a limiting condition; At the edge layer, minute-level dynamic optimization is performed using reinforcement learning algorithms to minimize operating costs. The state space and action space are defined based on Markov decision processes, and the daily plan is dynamically revised. The formula for a Markov decision process is expressed as follows: in, Let be the reward function at time t. , , and These are the weighting coefficients. To determine the overall system efficiency at time t, The real-time running cost at time t, As the upper limit of operating costs, The average health index of the system. The actual pressure of the hydrogen storage tank at time t. The target pressure for the hydrogen storage tank; On the device side, millisecond-level response control is achieved through edge computing units, and the optimal control commands are output based on real-time data acquisition and model predictive control algorithms to dynamically adjust operating parameters. The real-time collaborative control includes: distributing load to multiple electrolyzers in a differentiated manner based on equipment health index; and reallocating load to fill gaps when a fault occurs, based on the set of healthy equipment and real-time efficiency. The formula for redistributing load is expressed as: in, Let be the current allocated to the m-th electrolytic cell at time t. The total hydrogen production current required by the system at time t, The health index of the m-th electrolyzer at time t. This represents the total number of electrolytic cells in the system. The additional current allocated to the l-th healthy electrolyzer at time t, This refers to the load current shortfall caused by the fault at time t. A collection of health equipment The health index of the l-th healthy electrolyzer at time t. The real-time operating efficiency of the l-th healthy electrolyzer at time t.

[0012] The beneficial effects of this preferred technical solution are as follows: by using a load distribution formula based on the equipment health index and a load redistribution mechanism under fault conditions, intelligent load management and fault adaptation of multiple electrolytic cells are realized, solving the problem of coordinated control of differentiated equipment operation and fault recovery, extending equipment life and improving system reliability.

[0013] As a preferred embodiment of the integrated electric-hydrogen-storage system of the present invention, it is characterized by comprising a renewable energy power generation module, an energy conversion module, a water electrolysis hydrogen production module, a hydrogen storage module, a fuel cell power generation module, and a collaborative control module.

[0014] The renewable energy power generation module is used to integrate photovoltaic arrays and wind turbines. By establishing photovoltaic power generation models and wind power generation models, it calculates and outputs the total power generation based on real-time environmental parameters, and utilizes the natural complementary characteristics of wind and solar power output to mitigate the intermittency and volatility of a single energy source.

[0015] The power conversion module includes a rectifier unit and an inverter unit, used to convert the fluctuating AC power generated by renewable energy into DC power, and to convert the DC power generated by fuel cells or the DC power stored in energy storage into constant voltage and constant frequency AC power.

[0016] The water electrolysis hydrogen production module is used to efficiently electrolyze water into hydrogen and oxygen through electrochemical principles based on the direct current provided by the power conversion module. A dynamic quantitative model of hydrogen production rate and input current and cell voltage has been established to adjust operating parameters in real time, optimize hydrogen production efficiency, and deliver the generated hydrogen to the hydrogen storage module.

[0017] The hydrogen storage module is used to monitor and adjust the pressure inside the hydrogen storage tank in real time by establishing a dynamic model of hydrogen quality and pressure.

[0018] The fuel cell power generation module is used to generate electricity directly by electrochemically reacting hydrogen supplied by the hydrogen storage module with oxygen in the air according to the power demand of the load.

[0019] The collaborative control module is used to perform global optimization and real-time scheduling at different time scales by integrating model predictive control and reinforcement learning intelligent algorithms.

[0020] A computer device includes a memory and a processor, the memory storing a computer program, the processor executing the computer program to implement the steps of a method for the coordinated operation of an integrated electric-hydrogen storage system.

[0021] A computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, which, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of a method for the coordinated operation of an integrated electric-hydrogen-storage system.

[0022] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: By integrating a high-precision wind and solar power output prediction model with a wind-solar complementary strategy, this invention improves the accuracy and stability of energy input, laying a data foundation for system optimization and scheduling; based on the precise mathematical model of power conversion processing and dynamic pressure coupling regulation, it realizes efficient and stable energy flow between different forms and subsystems, effectively reducing losses and extending equipment life; and through the constructed cloud-edge-device three-level optimization control architecture, it introduces the equipment health index as a key decision variable, realizing global optimization of the system under multiple objectives of energy efficiency, operating economy and equipment health, endowing the system with strong adaptive capability and high fault tolerance, enabling intelligent load reconstruction in the event of equipment failure, and ensuring the high robustness, high intelligence level and long-term stable operation of the integrated electric-hydrogen storage system. Attached Figure Description

[0023] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0024] Figure 1 This is a general flowchart of a method for the coordinated operation of an integrated electric-hydrogen-storage system, provided as an embodiment of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 2 The present invention provides a system scheme flowchart for the collaborative operation of an integrated electric hydrogen storage system, which is an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0026] To make the above-mentioned objects, features, and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort should fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0027] Example 1, referring to Figure 1 As an embodiment of the present invention, a method for the coordinated operation of an integrated electric-hydrogen-storage system is provided, comprising: S100: By integrating photovoltaic power generation and wind power generation, it generates total output power based on environmental parameters and processes the total output power into electrical energy.

[0028] S200: The converted electrical energy is supplied to the water electrolysis hydrogen production process to produce hydrogen through water electrolysis. The hydrogen production rate is monitored in real time, the produced hydrogen is stored, and the hydrogen storage pressure is adjusted according to the dynamic pressure model.

[0029] S300: It supplies stored hydrogen to the fuel cell power generation process, generates electricity according to load demand, and performs real-time coordinated control of the power generation, conversion, hydrogen production, storage and power generation processes through a coordinated control process based on a multi-level optimized control architecture.

[0030] It should be noted that by integrating photovoltaic and wind power generation and adopting a power correction model, the stability and predictability of energy input have been improved. Furthermore, by establishing a precise dynamic coupling model for power conversion, electrolysis hydrogen production, and hydrogen storage pressure, accurate control and safe operation of the energy conversion process have been achieved. The "cloud-edge-device" multi-level optimization control architecture has completed coordinated scheduling from day-ahead global optimization to millisecond-level real-time response at different time scales, solving the system response lag problem and ensuring the long-term operational reliability and equipment lifespan of the system.

[0031] Example 2, refer to Figure 1 This is a second embodiment of the present invention, which provides a method for the coordinated operation of an integrated electric-hydrogen-storage system, comprising: In step S100, generating the total output power includes steps S101 to S103: S101: Real-time monitoring of light intensity and temperature, and adjustment of photovoltaic power generation output power through a power correction method; wherein, the power correction method is based on the deviation of environmental parameters from standard operating conditions for dynamic correction.

[0032] S102: Real-time monitoring of wind speed and determination of wind power output power through a wind speed-power relationship model; wherein, the wind speed-power relationship model calculates the output power in stages according to the wind speed.

[0033] S103: Integrates the output power of photovoltaic power generation and wind power generation, and uses the wind-solar complementary effect to smooth out fluctuations to obtain the total output power; among which, the total output power is constrained by the power limit of the grid connection point; The formula for calculating total output power is as follows: in, Let be the total output power of the renewable energy power generation area at time t. The actual output power of the wind turbine at time t. The actual output power of the photovoltaic array at time t. As a limiting condition, This represents the maximum permissible output power of the renewable energy power generation zone.

[0034] Furthermore, in step S101, the power correction method includes steps A1 to A3: A1: Under standard test conditions, the rated output power is calculated based on the number of photovoltaic modules connected in series, the module open-circuit voltage under standard operating conditions, the module short-circuit current under standard operating conditions, and the fill factor under standard operating conditions. The standard test conditions are: light intensity of 1000 watts per square meter, ambient temperature of 25°C, and atmospheric mass of 1.5. The formula for calculating rated output power is expressed as follows: in, This refers to the number of photovoltaic modules connected in series. This refers to the rated output power of the photovoltaic array under standard test conditions. This refers to the open-circuit voltage of the component under standard operating conditions. This refers to the short-circuit current of the component under standard operating conditions. This is the fill factor under standard operating conditions.

[0035] A2: In actual operation, the output power is corrected based on the real-time monitored light intensity and temperature using the power temperature coefficient and the comprehensive loss coefficient; Among them, a negative power temperature coefficient indicates that the power decreases as the temperature rises, and the comprehensive loss coefficient includes shadow loss, line loss and inverter loss. The corrected output power formula is expressed as: in, The actual output power of the photovoltaic array at time t. The actual light intensity received by the photovoltaic panel at time t. The light intensity under standard test conditions. The actual operating temperature of the photovoltaic cell at time t. The cell temperature under standard test conditions. The power temperature coefficient of a photovoltaic module. The comprehensive loss coefficient, It is a time variable; A3: Constrain the output power to not exceed the rated power of the photovoltaic array to ensure safe operation of the equipment. The formula is as follows: in, Rated power of the photovoltaic array.

[0036] It should be noted that in step S102, the wind power output includes steps B1 to B4: B1: During the startup phase, when the wind speed is between the cut-in wind speed and the rated wind speed, the output power increases with the cube of the wind speed, where the cut-in wind speed is 3m / s and the rated wind speed is 13m / s. The formula for calculating the actual output power of a wind turbine is as follows: in, The actual output power of the wind turbine at time t. This refers to the rated power of the wind turbine. The actual wind speed of the fan at time t. Cut-off wind speed, which is the minimum wind speed at which the wind turbine starts up and can generate electricity. This is the rated wind speed.

[0037] B2: During the rated stage, when the wind speed is between the rated wind speed and the cut-out wind speed, the output power is maintained at the rated value, where the cut-out wind speed is 25m / s; The formula for calculating the actual output power of a wind turbine is as follows: in, The actual output power of the wind turbine at time t. This refers to the rated power of the wind turbine.

[0038] B3: During the shutdown phase, when the wind speed exceeds the cut-out wind speed, the output power is zero, and the fan triggers the safety protection mechanism.

[0039] B4: The instantaneous fluctuations in wind speed are corrected by a turbulence intensity correction factor to calculate the actual output power. The turbulence intensity correction factor ranges from 0.9 to 1.0, with the factor decreasing as the fluctuations increase. The corrected formula is expressed as follows: in, This is the final output power of the wind turbine after correction. This is a correction factor for turbulence intensity. This represents the original theoretical output power calculated based on the three-stage model.

[0040] Furthermore, in this embodiment of the application, in step S100, the energy conversion process includes steps S111 to S113: S111: Converts AC to DC through a rectification process and stabilizes the DC side voltage. The rectification process achieves power matching based on the voltage balance equation. The rectification process includes establishing a voltage balance equation in the dq synchronous rotating coordinate system based on the input inductance, the equivalent resistance of the inductance, the d-axis and q-axis components of the grid voltage, the d-axis and q-axis components of the rectifier output voltage, and the grid angular frequency. The voltage balance equation is expressed as: in, and The components of the rectifier input current on the d-axis and q-axis at time t. The input inductance of the rectifier. Inductor The sum of the equivalent resistance and the line resistance, and These are the components of the grid voltage on the d-axis and q-axis. and These are the d-axis and q-axis components of the rectifier output voltage. The angular frequency of the power grid. and This is the rotationally coupled voltage term; By controlling the DC-side support capacitor and load current, the DC-side voltage and current are related to ensure DC-side voltage stability. The relationship between the output DC voltage and DC-side current is expressed as follows: in, This is the supporting capacitor on the DC side. Let be the voltage of the DC bus at time t. The rate of change of DC bus voltage over time. For time variables, Let be the total current flowing from the rectifier into the DC bus at time t. Let t be the input current of the proton exchange membrane electrolyzer at time t.

[0041] S112: Converts DC to AC through an inverter process and adjusts the output voltage and frequency to match load requirements. The inverter process uses droop control to ensure voltage and frequency stability. The droop control formula for the inverter process is expressed as: in, This is the reference value for the inverter output voltage at time t. This is a reference value for the inverter output frequency at time t. This is the system's rated output line voltage. The system's rated frequency, This is the voltage droop factor. This is the frequency droop factor. This represents the actual active power output by the inverter at time t. This represents the actual reactive power output by the inverter at time t. This refers to the rated active power of the inverter. This refers to the rated reactive power of the inverter. The relationship between output power and DC bus current is expressed as follows: The conversion efficiency of the inverter. Let be the voltage of the inverter DC bus at time t. Let be the output current of the fuel cell at time t.

[0042] S113: Dynamically distributes the rectified and inverted electrical energy to the water electrolysis hydrogen production process and loads to ensure a balance between power supply and demand.

[0043] In an optional implementation, in step S100, the power conversion process further includes using a silicon carbide MOSFET full-bridge rectification + three-phase four-wire inverter scheme, using silicon carbide devices to increase the switching frequency to 50kHz, achieving soft switching through phase shift control to reduce switching losses, and the inverter adopting virtual impedance control to simulate the grid impedance characteristics in off-grid mode and automatically balance the three-phase load.

[0044] In another optional implementation, in step S100, the power conversion process may further include adopting a modular multilevel converter (MMC) architecture, with each sub-module using a full-bridge structure, maintaining DC-side stability through a capacitor voltage balancing algorithm, using nearest-level approximation modulation during grid-connected operation, and using voltage feedforward compensation to eliminate harmonics when off-grid.

[0045] In step S200, adjusting the hydrogen storage pressure according to the dynamic pressure model includes steps S201~S203: S201: In the process of producing hydrogen through water electrolysis, the hydrogen production rate is dynamically adjusted according to the input current. The hydrogen production rate is correlated with the input current through a hydrogen production rate model, and the cell voltage is optimized in real time to reduce energy consumption.

[0046] S202: During hydrogen storage, the hydrogen storage pressure is adjusted by a pressure regulation model based on the dynamic relationship between hydrogen mass change and hydrogen storage pressure, wherein the pressure regulation model maintains the pressure within a safe range.

[0047] S203: Dynamically couples hydrogen production rate with hydrogen storage pressure to ensure a stable and safe hydrogen supply.

[0048] Furthermore, in this embodiment of the application, in step S201, the electrolysis of water to produce hydrogen includes steps C1~C2: C1: Based on Faraday's law, the instantaneous hydrogen production rate is related to the input current and the Faraday efficiency, where the Faraday efficiency ranges from 0.92 to 0.98 and varies with the current density; The relationship between instantaneous hydrogen production rate and input current is expressed as follows: in, Let t be the instantaneous hydrogen production rate of PEMEC. The Faraday efficiency of PEMEC ranges from 0.92 to 0.98. Let be the input current of the PEMEC at time t. is Faraday's constant.

[0049] C2: The cell voltage is calculated using the Nernst equation to determine the reversible voltage, and is determined by combining the activation overpotential, ohmic overpotential and concentration overpotential to optimize hydrogen production energy consumption. The formula for calculating input electrical power is expressed as follows: in, Let be the input electrical power of the PEMEC at time t. Let be the slot voltage of PEMEC at time t. It is a reversible voltage. To activate the overpotential, For Ohm overpotential, This represents the concentration overpotential.

[0050] In an optional embodiment, in step S201, the electrolysis of water to produce hydrogen further includes applying a pulse current (frequency 1 kHz) with an adjustable duty cycle to improve mass transfer efficiency by utilizing the bubble effect, and using an online alkaline concentration monitoring system to automatically replenish deionized water to maintain the concentration at 30% KOH.

[0051] In another optional embodiment, in step S201, the electrolysis of water to produce hydrogen may further include using an anion exchange membrane electrolyzer (AEM) with a bidirectional DC-DC converter, and using a buck-boost converter to achieve a wide voltage range (200-800V) input. The electrolyzer adopts a multi-layer electrode design and uses non-precious metal catalysts to reduce costs.

[0052] Furthermore, in this embodiment of the application, step S202 includes the hydrogen storage comprising steps D1~D2: D1: Based on the ideal gas law, the pressure inside the hydrogen storage tank is related to the hydrogen mass, the hydrogen gas constant, the temperature inside the hydrogen storage tank, and the total volume of the hydrogen storage tank. The ideal gas law is expressed as follows: in, The pressure inside the hydrogen storage tank at time t. Let be the total mass of hydrogen in the hydrogen storage tank at time t. Let be the gas constant of hydrogen. The temperature inside the hydrogen storage tank. This refers to the total volume of the hydrogen storage tank.

[0053] D2: The hydrogen mass change rate is equal to the difference between the hydrogen supply mass flow rate from water electrolysis and the hydrogen consumption mass flow rate from the fuel cell. The pressure is maintained within the safe range of 5MPa to 35MPa by dynamically adjusting the hydrogen supply and consumption flow rates. The dynamic model of the high-pressure hydrogen storage tank is represented as follows: in, The rate of change of hydrogen mass in the hydrogen storage tank. The hydrogen supply mass flow rate for hydrogen production at PEMEC and delivery to hydrogen storage tanks. The hydrogen supply mass flow rate for hydrogen production at PEMEC and delivery to hydrogen storage tanks. The hydrogen mass flow rate delivered from the hydrogen storage tank to the fuel cell. The molar mass of hydrogen is 0.002 kg / mol. The PEMFC power generation model is expressed as follows: in, For the output electrical power of a fuel cell (PEMFC) at time t, To determine the hydrogen mass flow rate supplied to the fuel cell at time t, The high calorific value of hydrogen. The Faraday efficiency of the fuel cell is defined as a value ranging from 0.9 to 0.95. For the voltage efficiency of fuel cells, The ohmic efficiency of the fuel cell is 0.93 to 0.97.

[0054] In an optional embodiment, step S202 includes the following: the hydrogen storage further includes using a metal hydride hydrogen storage + plate heat exchanger, controlling the hydrogen absorption and desorption rate by adjusting the cooling water flow rate, and utilizing the PCT characteristic curve of the hydrogen storage material to achieve reversible hydrogen storage in the temperature range of 35-80℃.

[0055] In another optional implementation, step S202 includes the following: the hydrogen storage may further include a combination of underground salt cavern hydrogen storage and surface buffer tank, with the surface buffer tank (2MPa) to cope with short-term fluctuations and the salt cavern (15MPa) for seasonal storage, and graded pressure control achieved through a wellhead regulating valve.

[0056] In this embodiment of the application, in step S300, the multi-level optimized control architecture includes steps S301 to S303: S301: At the cloud layer, the process model and electrical model are integrated through a digital twin platform to perform day-ahead long-term optimization. With the goal of maximizing system energy self-balance, multiple typical wind and solar power output scenarios are generated using Latin hypercube sampling. Representative scenarios are retained through a scenario reduction algorithm. The formula for solving the global optimization problem is expressed as: in, The objective function for the first stage of optimization is... For the number of scenes, For scene indexing, To predict the output power of the fuel cell at time t in the s-th scenario, For the power of interaction with the power grid, Let the electricity purchase cost at time t be in the s-th scenario. To determine the load power consumption at time t in the s-th scenario, The actual pressure of the hydrogen storage tank at time t. The preset minimum safety pressure, To maximize safety pressure, For equipment health index, These are limiting conditions.

[0057] S302: At the edge layer, minute-level dynamic optimization is performed through reinforcement learning algorithms with the goal of minimizing operating costs. The state space and action space are defined based on Markov decision processes, and the daily plan is dynamically corrected. The formula for a Markov decision process is expressed as follows: in, Let be the reward function at time t. , , and These are the weighting coefficients. To determine the overall system efficiency at time t, The real-time running cost at time t, As the upper limit of operating costs, The average health index of the system. The actual pressure of the hydrogen storage tank at time t. The target pressure for the hydrogen storage tank; The state space includes total renewable energy output, load demand power, actual pressure of hydrogen storage tank, electrolyzer health index, fuel cell health index, and real-time grid electricity price; the action space includes electrolyzer current adjustment, fuel cell hydrogen supply flow rate change rate, and grid interaction power coefficient.

[0058] S303: On the device side, millisecond-level response control is achieved through the edge computing unit. Based on real-time data acquisition and model predictive control algorithms, the optimal control command is output, and the operating parameters are dynamically adjusted.

[0059] In an optional implementation, in step S300, the multi-level optimization control architecture further includes using distributed model predictive control (DMPC) to decompose the system into three subsystems: wind and solar power, hydrogen production, and power generation. Distributed optimization is achieved through the alternating direction multiplier method (ADMM) to reduce communication bandwidth requirements.

[0060] In another optional implementation, in step S300, the multi-level optimized control architecture may further include local training of control models by each node, reaching consensus through smart contracts, which is particularly suitable for distributed energy systems with multiple owners.

[0061] Furthermore, in step S300, the real-time collaborative control includes steps S311-S312: S311: Based on the equipment health index, load is allocated to multiple electrolyzers in a differentiated manner. The allocated current is related to the total demand current and the health index. Electrolyzers with higher health indices are allocated more load.

[0062] S312: When a fault occurs, load is redistributed to fill the gap based on the set of healthy devices and real-time efficiency, where the load gap is caused by the fault, the set of healthy devices includes all operating devices, and real-time efficiency is used to optimize load distribution to ensure continuous system operation with minimal energy loss.

[0063] The formula for redistributing load is expressed as: in, Let be the current allocated to the m-th electrolytic cell at time t. The total hydrogen production current required by the system at time t, The health index of the m-th electrolyzer at time t. This represents the total number of electrolytic cells in the system. The additional current allocated to the l-th healthy electrolyzer at time t, This refers to the load current shortfall caused by the fault at time t. A collection of health equipment The health index of the l-th healthy electrolyzer at time t. The real-time operating efficiency of the l-th healthy electrolyzer at time t.

[0064] It should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and not to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, and all such modifications or substitutions should be covered within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

[0065] Example 3, referring to Figure 2 The third embodiment of the present invention provides a collaborative operation system for an integrated electric-hydrogen-storage system, including a renewable energy power generation module, an energy conversion module, a water electrolysis hydrogen production module, a hydrogen storage module, a fuel cell power generation module, and a collaborative control module.

[0066] The renewable energy power generation module is used to integrate photovoltaic arrays and wind turbines. By establishing photovoltaic power generation models and wind power generation models, it calculates and outputs the total power generation based on real-time environmental parameters, and utilizes the natural complementary characteristics of wind and solar power output to mitigate the intermittency and volatility of a single energy source.

[0067] The power conversion module includes a rectifier unit and an inverter unit, used to convert the fluctuating AC power generated by renewable energy into DC power, and to convert the DC power generated by fuel cells or the DC power stored in energy storage into constant voltage and constant frequency AC power.

[0068] The water electrolysis hydrogen production module is used to efficiently electrolyze water into hydrogen and oxygen through electrochemical principles based on the direct current provided by the power conversion module. A dynamic quantitative model of hydrogen production rate and input current and cell voltage has been established to adjust operating parameters in real time, optimize hydrogen production efficiency, and deliver the generated hydrogen to the hydrogen storage module.

[0069] The hydrogen storage module is used to monitor and adjust the pressure inside the hydrogen storage tank in real time by establishing a dynamic model of hydrogen quality and pressure.

[0070] The fuel cell power generation module is used to generate electricity directly by electrochemically reacting hydrogen supplied by the hydrogen storage module with oxygen in the air according to the power demand of the load.

[0071] The collaborative control module is used to perform global optimization and real-time scheduling at different time scales by integrating model predictive control and reinforcement learning intelligent algorithms.

[0072] It should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and not to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, and all such modifications or substitutions should be covered within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

[0073] Example 4, the fourth embodiment of the present invention, differs from the previous three embodiments in that: If the aforementioned functions are implemented as software functional units and sold or used as independent products, they can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of this invention, essentially, or the part that contributes to the prior art, or a portion of the technical solution, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to execute all or part of the steps of the methods described in the various embodiments of this invention. The aforementioned storage medium includes various media capable of storing program code, such as USB flash drives, portable hard drives, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), magnetic disks, or optical disks.

[0074] The logic and / or steps represented in the flowchart or otherwise described herein, for example, can be considered as a sequenced list of executable instructions for implementing logical functions, and can be embodied in any computer-readable medium for use by, or in conjunction with, an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device (such as a computer-based system, a processor-including system, or other system that can fetch and execute instructions from, an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device). For the purposes of this specification, "computer-readable medium" can be any means that can contain, store, communicate, propagate, or transmit programs for use by, or in conjunction with, an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device.

[0075] More specific examples of computer-readable media (a non-exhaustive list) include: electrical connections (electronic devices) having one or more wires, portable computer disk drives (magnetic devices), random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), erasable and editable read-only memory (EPROM or flash memory), fiber optic devices, and portable optical disc read-only memory (CDROM). Furthermore, computer-readable media can even be paper or other suitable media on which the program can be printed, because the program can be obtained electronically, for example, by optically scanning the paper or other medium, followed by editing, interpreting, or otherwise processing as necessary, and then stored in computer memory.

[0076] It should be understood that various parts of the present invention can be implemented in hardware, software, firmware, or a combination thereof. In the above embodiments, multiple steps or methods can be implemented in software or firmware stored in memory and executed by a suitable instruction execution system. For example, if implemented in hardware, as in another embodiment, it can be implemented using any one or a combination of the following techniques known in the art: discrete logic circuits having logic gates for implementing logical functions on data signals, application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs) having suitable combinational logic gates, programmable gate arrays (PGAs), field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), etc.

Claims

1. A method for coordinated operation of an integrated system of electricity and hydrogen storage, characterized by: The application relates to a photovoltaic and wind power complementary generation system. The system integrates photovoltaic and wind power generation, generates total output power based on environmental parameters, and converts the total output power into electrical energy. The converted electrical energy is supplied to a water electrolysis hydrogen production process, hydrogen is produced by electrolyzing water, the hydrogen production rate is monitored in real time, the produced hydrogen is stored, and the hydrogen storage pressure is adjusted according to a dynamic pressure model. The stored hydrogen is supplied to a fuel cell power generation process, electrical energy is generated according to load demand, and the power generation, conversion, hydrogen production, storage and power generation processes are controlled in real time based on a multi-stage optimization control architecture through a cooperative control process.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the integrated system is a system for hydrogen production and storage.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the integrated system is a system for hydrogen production and storage. The total output power is generated by monitoring the light intensity and temperature in real time and dynamically correcting the photovoltaic power output through a power correction method. The wind speed is monitored in real time, the wind power output is calculated through a wind speed-power relationship model, the photovoltaic power output and the wind power output are integrated, the fluctuation is smoothed by using the complementary effect of photovoltaic and wind power, and the total output power is obtained.

3. The method of claim 2, wherein the integrated system is a system for hydrogen production and storage. The electrical energy conversion process includes converting alternating current into direct current through a rectification process and stabilizing the direct current side voltage. The direct current is converted into alternating current through an inversion process, the output voltage and frequency are adjusted to match the load demand, and the rectified and inverted electrical energy is dynamically distributed to the water electrolysis hydrogen production process and the load.

4. The method of claim 3, wherein the integrated system is a system for hydrogen production and storage. The hydrogen storage pressure is adjusted according to a dynamic pressure model during the water electrolysis hydrogen production process, the hydrogen production rate is dynamically adjusted according to the input current, the hydrogen production rate is associated with the input current through a hydrogen production rate model, and the tank voltage is optimized in real time. In the hydrogen storage process, the hydrogen storage pressure is adjusted through a pressure adjustment model based on the dynamic relationship between the hydrogen mass change and the hydrogen storage pressure, and the hydrogen production rate is dynamically coupled with the hydrogen storage pressure.

5. The method of claim 4, wherein the integrated system is a system for hydrogen production and storage. The photovoltaic power output includes calculating the rated output power based on the number of photovoltaic module strings, the standard working condition open circuit voltage of the module, the standard working condition short circuit current of the module and the standard working condition fill factor under standard test conditions, and the formula is: wherein, is the number of series connected photovoltaic modules, is the rated output power of the photovoltaic array under standard test conditions, is the open circuit voltage of the module under standard conditions, is the short circuit current of the module under standard conditions, is the fill factor under standard conditions; In actual operation, the output power is corrected by the power temperature coefficient and the comprehensive loss coefficient according to the real-time monitored light intensity and temperature, and the output power is constrained to be not more than the rated power of the photovoltaic array. The corrected output power formula is: wherein, P(t) is the actual output power of the photovoltaic array at time t, I(t) is the actual light intensity received at the plane of the photovoltaic panel at time t, Istd is the light intensity under standard test conditions, T(t) is the actual operating temperature of the photovoltaic cell at time t, Tstd is the cell temperature under standard test conditions, Cp is the power temperature coefficient of the photovoltaic module, Cint is the integrated loss coefficient, t is the time variable; The wind power output includes that, in the starting stage, when the wind speed is between the cut-in wind speed and the rated wind speed, the output power increases with the cube of the wind speed; in the rated stage, when the wind speed is between the rated wind speed and the cut-out wind speed, the output power maintains the rated value; in the shutdown stage, when the wind speed exceeds the cut-out wind speed, the output power is zero, and the fan triggers a safety protection mechanism; the actual output power is calculated by correcting the instantaneous fluctuation of the wind speed through a turbulence intensity correction coefficient.

6. The method of claim 5, wherein the integrated system is a system for hydrogen production and storage. The rectification process includes that, in the d-q synchronous rotating coordinate system, a voltage balance equation is established based on the input inductance, the inductance equivalent resistance, the grid voltage d-axis and q-axis components, the rectifier output voltage d-axis and q-axis components and the grid angular frequency, and the direct current side voltage and current are associated through the direct current side support capacitor and the load current. The voltage balance equation is: wherein and is the component of the rectifier input current in the d-axis and q-axis at time t, is the input inductance of the rectifier, is the inductance is the sum of the equivalent resistance of the inductance and is the component of the grid voltage in the d-axis and q-axis, and is the component of the rectifier output voltage in the d-axis and q-axis, is the grid angular frequency, and are the rotating coupling voltage terms; The inversion process comprises adjusting the output voltage reference value and the frequency reference value according to the rated output line voltage, the rated frequency, the voltage droop coefficient, the frequency droop coefficient, the active power and the reactive power of the inversion unit output and the rated active power by a voltage-frequency droop equation, and associating the output power with the DC bus current and synchronizing with the power grid when connected to the grid; The voltage-frequency droop equation is expressed as: wherein, is a reference value for the inverter output voltage at time t, is a reference value for the inverter output frequency at time t, is a rated output line voltage of the system, is a rated frequency of the system, is a voltage droop coefficient, is a frequency droop coefficient, is an active power actually output by the inverter at time t, is a reactive power actually output by the inverter at time t, is a rated active power of the inverter, is a rated reactive power of the inverter; The hydrogen production rate model comprises that, based on Faraday's law, the instantaneous hydrogen production rate is related to the input current and the Faraday efficiency, the current density changes, the cell voltage is calculated by the Nernst equation to calculate the reversible voltage, and is determined by combining the activation overpotential, the ohmic overpotential and the concentration overpotential superposition, and the hydrogen production energy consumption is optimized; The pressure regulation model comprises that, based on the ideal gas state equation, the pressure in the hydrogen storage tank is related to the hydrogen mass, the hydrogen gas constant, the temperature in the hydrogen storage tank and the total volume of the hydrogen storage tank, the hydrogen mass change rate is equal to the difference between the hydrogen supply mass flow rate of water electrolysis hydrogen production and the hydrogen consumption mass flow rate of the fuel cell, and the pressure is maintained in the safe interval by dynamically adjusting the hydrogen supply and consumption flow rate.

7. A method for coordinated operation of an integrated electric-hydrogen storage system as described in claim 6, characterized in that: The multi-level optimization control architecture comprises that, in the cloud layer, the process model and the electrical model are integrated through the digital twin platform, the day-ahead long-time scale optimization is performed, the system energy self-balancing maximization is taken as the target, a plurality of typical wind and light output scenes are generated by using Latin hypercube sampling, representative scenes are reserved by using scene reduction algorithm, and the formula of solving the global optimization problem is expressed as: wherein, is the optimization objective function for the first stage, is the number of scenarios, is the scenario index, is the predicted output power of the fuel cell at time t under the s-th scenario, is the interaction power with the grid, is the electricity purchase cost at time t under the s-th scenario, is the load consumption power at time t under the s-th scenario, is the actual pressure of the hydrogen storage tank at time t, is the preset minimum safety pressure, is the maximum safety pressure, is the equipment health index, is the constraint condition; In the edge layer, minute-level dynamic optimization is performed by using the reinforcement learning algorithm, the minimum running cost minimization is taken as the target, the state space and the action space are defined based on the Markov decision process, and the day-ahead plan is dynamically corrected; The formula of the Markov decision process is expressed as: wherein, R(t) is a reward function at time t, , , and are weight coefficients, R(t) is a reward function at time t, R(t) is a reward function at time t, R(t) is a reward function at time t, R(t) is a reward function at time t, P(t) is an actual pressure of the hydrogen storage tank at time t, P(t) is an actual pressure of the hydrogen storage tank at time t, In the device end, millisecond-level response control is performed through the edge computing unit, the optimal control instruction is output based on real-time data acquisition and model prediction control algorithm, and the running parameter is dynamically adjusted; The real-time collaborative control comprises that, based on the device health index, the load is differentially allocated to a plurality of electrolytic cells, when a fault occurs, the load is re-allocated according to the health device set and the real-time efficiency, and the gap is filled; The formula of re-allocating the load is expressed as: wherein, is the current allocated to the mth electrolyzer at time t, is the total hydrogen production current required by the system at time t, is the health index of the mth electrolyzer at time t, is the total number of electrolyzers in the system, is the additional current allocated to the lth healthy electrolyzer at time t, is the load current gap due to a fault at time t, is the set of healthy devices, is the health index of the lth healthy electrolyzer at time t, is the real-time operational efficiency of the lth healthy electrolyzer at time t.

8. An integrated system for the coordinated operation of an electrical and hydrogen storage system, applying a method for the coordinated operation of an electrical and hydrogen storage system according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that The renewable energy power generation module, the electric energy conversion module, the water electrolysis hydrogen production module, the hydrogen storage module, the fuel cell power generation module and the collaborative control module are included. The renewable energy power generation module is used for integrating photovoltaic arrays and wind power generators, calculating and outputting total power generation based on real-time environmental parameters by establishing photovoltaic power generation models and wind power generation models, and smoothing the intermittency and volatility of a single energy by using the natural complementary characteristics of wind and light output; The electric energy conversion module comprises a rectifier unit and an inversion unit, and is used for converting the fluctuating alternating current generated by renewable energy into direct current, and converting the direct current emitted by the fuel cell or the energy storage direct current into constant-voltage constant-frequency alternating current. The electrolytic water hydrogen production module is used for efficiently electrolyzing water into hydrogen and oxygen through an electrochemical principle according to direct current provided by the electric energy conversion module, and a dynamic quantitative model of hydrogen production rate and input current and cell voltage is established, operation parameters are adjusted in real time, hydrogen production efficiency is optimized, and the generated hydrogen is delivered to the hydrogen storage module. The hydrogen storage module is used for monitoring and adjusting the pressure in the hydrogen storage tank in real time by establishing a dynamic model of hydrogen mass and pressure. The fuel cell power generation module is used for performing an electrochemical reaction on hydrogen supplied by the hydrogen storage module and oxygen in air to directly generate electric energy according to the power demand of a load. The collaborative control module is used for performing global optimization and real-time scheduling on different time scales through integrated model predictive control and reinforcement learning intelligent algorithms. 9.A computer device, comprising a memory and a processor, wherein the memory stores a computer program, and the computer device is configured to perform the method according to any one of claims 1-8 when the computer program is executed by the processor. The processor executes the computer program to implement the steps of the method for collaborative operation of the integrated electric-hydrogen storage system according to any one of claims 1 to 7.

10. A computer-readable storage medium having stored thereon a computer program, characterized in that, The computer program is executed by the processor to implement the steps of the method for collaborative operation of the integrated electric-hydrogen storage system according to any one of claims 1 to 7.

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