Tunnel advanced geology forecasting device and system thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a tunnel advanced geological forecast device and system, the device comprises a mobile frame, a seismic wave detection sub-assembly, an electromagnetic wave detection assembly and an electric wheel, the electric wheel is assembled on the lower end face of the mobile frame, and the seismic wave detection sub-assembly and the electromagnetic wave detection assembly are respectively assembled on the left side and the right side of the upper end face of the mobile frame. A triangular push plate is assembled at the bottom of the movable frame, a transmission mechanism is assembled on the lower end face of the movable frame, and a water spraying mechanism is assembled on the upper end face of the movable frame. According to the tunnel advanced geology forecasting device and system, interference of air suspended particles on signal transmission of the electromagnetic wave detection assembly and the seismic wave detection sub-assembly is reduced, meanwhile, the design of the wide-mouth water spraying pipe expands the water mist coverage range, the visibility of the working environment is optimized, engineers can evaluate the rock stratum stability in real time, tunneling parameters are optimized, and the working efficiency is improved. And therefore, the safety and efficiency of tunnel construction are remarkably improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of tunnel advanced geological prediction, and in particular to a tunnel advanced geological prediction device and system. Background Technology

[0002] In the field of tunnel construction, geological condition detection and equipment movement stability control are core technical aspects that ensure construction safety and efficiency. Traditional geological prediction devices often face common technical bottlenecks when operating in complex geological environments, such as difficulties in maintaining detection paths, low fusion of multi-source data, and insufficient suppression of environmental interference. These problems directly affect the accuracy of geological modeling and the reliability of construction decisions.

[0003] Existing tunnel geological exploration equipment generally adopts an independent structural layout, with its bottom cleaning mechanism relying mostly on fixed scrapers or manual intervention. This makes it difficult to adapt to the frequent accumulation of gravel and water at the tunnel bottom, causing the detection components to frequently shift due to uneven ground. Meanwhile, traditional dust removal devices typically use independent fan systems, which not only increase energy consumption but also cannot be linked with moving mechanisms for control, and dust still significantly interferes with the transmission quality of electromagnetic and seismic wave signals. At the detection system level, single-physical field detection technology has limitations in data dimensionality, while multi-sensor collaborative operation faces technical obstacles such as insufficient time synchronization accuracy and lack of unified spatial coordinate systems, leading to frequent missed or false detections of geological anomalies. Furthermore, conventional monitoring devices lack dynamic visualization capabilities, making it difficult for engineers to intuitively grasp geological change trends and restricting the real-time optimization capability of tunneling parameters. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, this application provides a tunnel advanced geological prediction device and system to solve the above-mentioned technical problems.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, this application provides the following technical solution: a tunnel advanced geological prediction device, comprising a mobile frame, a seismic wave detection sub-assembly, an electromagnetic wave detection assembly, and an electric wheel. The electric wheel is mounted on the lower end face of the mobile frame, the seismic wave detection sub-assembly and the electromagnetic wave detection assembly are respectively mounted on the left and right sides of the upper end face of the mobile frame, a triangular push plate is mounted on the bottom of the mobile frame, a transmission mechanism is mounted on the lower end face of the mobile frame, and a water spraying mechanism is mounted on the upper end face of the mobile frame.

[0006] The transmission mechanism includes a horizontal shaft, with movable wheels connected to both sides of the horizontal shaft. A half gear is sleeved on the outside of the horizontal shaft, and a double-sided gear frame is meshed with the outside of the half gear. A horizontal arm is connected to the outside of the double-sided gear frame, and the other end of the horizontal arm is connected to a triangular push plate.

[0007] The water spraying mechanism includes a connecting rod, the bottom of which is connected to a horizontal arm via a hinge, and the top of which is connected to a vertical arm via a hinge. The top of the vertical arm is connected to a push-button nozzle, the drain outlet of which is connected to a wide-mouth water spray pipe, and the top of which is threadedly connected to a water storage box.

[0008] Preferably, the right side of the triangular push plate is slidably connected to sliding arms at both ends. A return spring connects the sliding arm to the triangular push plate. An L-shaped support rod is connected to the right side of the sliding arm and is connected to the bottom of the mobile frame. The return spring and the sliding arm form an elastic buffer mechanism, preventing hard collisions that could damage the detection device when the triangular push plate encounters a large obstacle. The triangular reinforcement structure of the L-shaped support rod enhances the overall torsional strength and adapts to irregular terrain at the bottom of the tunnel.

[0009] Preferably, the top of the double-sided toothed frame is connected to a guide slider, and the outside of the guide slider is slidably connected to a guide rail groove. The guide rail groove is connected to the bottom of the mobile frame. The guide rail groove is made of self-lubricating nylon material, which forms a low-friction sliding with the guide slider. This guiding mechanism effectively resists the influence of the humid environment of the tunnel on the transmission accuracy.

[0010] Preferably, the outer right side of the half gear is uniformly provided with first teeth, and the upper and lower ends of the inner cavity of the double-sided gear frame are uniformly provided with second teeth. The first teeth and the second teeth mesh with each other. The teeth adopt a trapezoidal tooth profile design. When the half gear rotates, it can drive the double-sided gear frame to perform a reciprocating linear motion from left to right.

[0011] Preferably, a drainage groove is provided on the left side of the mobile frame, and the outside of the wide-mouth water spray pipe is connected to the inner cavity of the drainage groove. The drainage groove adopts an inclined flow guiding design, forming a 15° angle with the horizontal plane, to ensure that residual water is quickly discharged after water spraying and to prevent water from seeping into the frame. The surface of the groove is coated with a superhydrophobic coating with a contact angle of 165°, achieving a self-cleaning function.

[0012] Preferably, the left side of the mobile frame is equipped with a collision protection bump, the outer corner of the collision protection bump is rounded, the top of the water spray mechanism is provided with a water inlet, the inner cavity of the water inlet is embedded with a sealing block, and the collision protection bump has a built-in pressure sensor, which triggers an emergency braking program when a collision occurs to protect the detection component.

[0013] A tunnel advanced geological prediction system, based on the aforementioned tunnel advanced geological prediction device, includes: a seismic wave detection subsystem, an electromagnetic wave detection subsystem, a MEMS dynamic monitoring subsystem, a three-dimensional geological modeling engine, and a human-computer interaction interface. The seismic wave detection subsystem comprises a central excitation source and distributed detectors; the MEMS dynamic monitoring subsystem comprises a broadband electromagnetic transmitter and receiving coils; the MEMS dynamic monitoring subsystem is composed of a three-axis accelerometer array; the MEMS dynamic monitoring subsystem uses the IEEE 1588 precision clock protocol to achieve sub-microsecond time synchronization; and it deploys an inertial navigation system and establishes a three-dimensional coordinate system.

[0014] The multi-source data fusion architecture achieves nanosecond-level time alignment via the IEEE 1588 protocol, ensuring spatiotemporal consistency between seismic and electromagnetic wave detection data. The inertial navigation system employs fiber optic gyroscopes, achieving zero-bias stability better than 0.01° / h, guaranteeing the accuracy of the three-dimensional coordinate system amidst complex geological movements.

[0015] Preferably, the human-computer interaction interface includes a WebGL 3D visualization platform, which pushes data in real time via a mobile device. The WebGL platform supports smooth rendering of geological models with up to 1 million polygons and employs LOD dynamic loading technology to automatically optimize model details based on the user's perspective. The mobile device push uses H.265 video encoding with a data compression ratio of 1:200 to ensure real-time performance in the weak network environment within the tunnel.

[0016] Preferably, the 3D geological modeling engine generates an initial mesh using the MarchingCubes algorithm, predicts rock mass wave velocity using CNN, and simulates surrounding rock deformation evolution using LSTM. The CNN model adopts a ResNet-50 architecture and is trained using geological borehole data, with wave velocity prediction error controlled within ±3%. The LSTM network introduces an attention mechanism, which can capture the time-series features of surrounding rock deformation, predicting collapse risk 12 hours in advance with an accuracy of 87%.

[0017] Preferably, the piezoelectric ceramic seismic wave transmitter has three sets of excitation points symmetrically arranged at the center of the tunnel face, forming an equilateral triangle. The distributed detectors are mounted on the left and right sides inside the tunnel. The equilateral triangular excitation array forms a spatial interference field, effectively suppressing tunnel reflected wave interference and improving the detection resolution within a 20-meter range in front of the tunnel face. The detectors use MEMS accelerometers with a sensitivity of 500mV / g and a frequency response range covering 0.1–500Hz, meeting the requirements for full-wavelength acquisition.

[0018] In summary, this application provides a tunnel advanced geological prediction device and system, which has the following beneficial effects: The tunnel advanced geological prediction device and system features a triangular pusher plate added to the bottom of the mobile frame, which is linked to the transmission mechanism. Utilizing a half-gear externally sleeved on the horizontal shaft and a double-sided gear frame, the rotational motion of the electric wheel is converted into the horizontal reciprocating motion of the horizontal arm, thereby driving the triangular pusher plate to periodically extend and retract. This automatically removes gravel or water from the tunnel floor, maintaining the smoothness of the detection path. Simultaneously, the deceleration and torque-increasing characteristics of the gear frame ensure that the pusher plate's force is stable and controllable, avoiding unexpected disturbance to the geological structure. The water spraying mechanism, through a four-bar linkage structure consisting of a connecting rod and a vertical arm, converts the horizontal displacement of the horizontal arm into the vertical reciprocating motion of the press-type nozzle. The water spraying action is automatically triggered when the equipment moves, effectively suppressing dust in the detection area and reducing interference from airborne particles on the signal transmission of the electromagnetic wave detection components and seismic wave detection sub-components. Furthermore, the wide-mouth water spray pipe design expands the water mist coverage area, optimizing visibility in the working environment.

[0019] This tunnel advanced geological prediction device and system integrates data from the seismic wave detection subsystem and the electromagnetic wave detection subsystem, combined with the high-precision sensing capabilities of the MEMS dynamic monitoring subsystem, forming a complementary detection network. A three-axis accelerometer array achieves sub-microsecond time synchronization via the IEEE 1588 protocol. Combined with a three-dimensional coordinate system constructed by the inertial navigation system, it can accurately capture micro-vibration signals and deformation characteristics of the tunnel surrounding rock, providing millimeter-level spatial positioning data for geological modeling. The collaborative operation of the broadband electromagnetic transmitter and receiving coil effectively identifies fracture development zones and water-bearing structures ahead of the tunnel face through multi-band electromagnetic wave penetration characteristic analysis. Finally, the three-dimensional geological modeling engine integrates multi-source heterogeneous data, achieving dynamic visualization of geological structures through a human-computer interface. This allows engineers to assess rock strata stability in real time and optimize tunneling parameters, significantly improving the safety and efficiency of tunnel construction. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 This is a front view of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 2 This is a planar schematic diagram of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 3 This is an external schematic diagram of the transmission mechanism of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 4 This is an external schematic diagram of the water spray mechanism of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 5 This is a partial cross-sectional view of the triangular push plate of the present invention.

[0025] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures: 1. Mobile frame; 11. Anti-collision bumps; 12. Drainage channel; 2. Seismic wave detection sub-assembly; 3. Electromagnetic wave detection assembly; 4. Triangular push plate; 41. Return spring; 42. Sliding arm; 43. L-shaped support rod; 5. Transmission mechanism; 51. Horizontal shaft; 52. Moving wheel; 53. Half gear; 54. Double-sided gear frame; 55. Guide rail groove block; 56. Guide slider; 57. Horizontal arm; 6. Water spraying mechanism; 61. Connecting rod; 62. Vertical arm; 63. Press-type nozzle; 64. Wide-mouth water spray pipe; 65. Water storage box; 7. Electric wheel. Detailed Implementation

[0026] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0027] This application provides a technical solution; please refer to [link / reference]. Figure 1 and Figure 2 A tunnel advanced geological prediction device includes a mobile frame 1, a seismic wave detection sub-assembly 2, an electromagnetic wave detection assembly 3, and an electric wheel 7. The electric wheel 7 is mounted on the lower end face of the mobile frame 1. The seismic wave detection sub-assembly 2 and the electromagnetic wave detection assembly 3 are respectively mounted on the left and right sides of the upper end face of the mobile frame 1. A triangular push plate 4 is mounted on the bottom of the mobile frame 1. A transmission mechanism 5 is mounted on the lower end face of the mobile frame 1. A water spraying mechanism 6 is mounted on the upper end face of the mobile frame 1.

[0028] The seismic wave detection sub-component 2 includes a seismic detector, a signal processing module, a transmission cable, a housing and support structure, and system management software. It operates by directly sensing ground vibrations and converting them into electrical signals. The electromagnetic wave detection sub-component 3 consists of an antenna system, a transmitter, a receiver, a signal processing unit, a power supply and control module, and a housing and fixing device. It achieves target detection, imaging, and parameter measurement by transmitting, receiving, and analyzing the interaction between electromagnetic waves and the target.

[0029] The device moves autonomously via electric wheels 7. Triangular push plates 4 can pre-clear rubble at the bottom of the tunnel during movement, providing a stable working surface for the detection components. The transmission mechanism 5 adopts a gear and frame meshing design, which converts the rotational motion into reciprocating push-pull action, synchronously driving the water spraying mechanism 6 to carry out dust suppression operations, effectively solving the problem of tunnel dust interfering with the detection signal.

[0030] Please see Figure 3 and Figure 4The transmission mechanism 5 includes a horizontal shaft 51, with movable wheels 52 connected to both sides of the horizontal shaft 51. A half gear 53 is sleeved on the outside of the horizontal shaft 51, and a double-sided gear frame 54 is meshed on the outside of the half gear 53. A horizontal arm 57 is connected to the outside of the double-sided gear frame 54. The other end of the horizontal arm 57 is connected to the triangular push plate 4. The horizontal shaft 51 is connected to the movable frame 1 through a bearing.

[0031] The intermittent meshing characteristic of the half gear 53 and the double-sided gear frame 54 causes the cross arm 57 to produce periodic reciprocating motion, which ensures the obstacle-clearing efficiency of the triangular push plate 4 while avoiding energy waste caused by continuous pushing. This transmission method can automatically adapt to terrain undulations under complex geological conditions and maintain the stability of the detection device.

[0032] The water spraying mechanism 6 includes a connecting rod 61. The bottom of the connecting rod 61 is connected to the horizontal arm 57 via a hinge. The top of the connecting rod 61 is connected to the vertical arm 62 via a hinge. The top of the vertical arm 62 is connected to the push-type nozzle 63. The drain port of the push-type nozzle 63 is connected to the wide-mouth water spray pipe 64. The top of the push-type nozzle 63 is threadedly connected to the water storage box 65.

[0033] The water spray mechanism 6 adopts a lever-type transmission design. When the horizontal arm 57 reciprocates, the connecting rod 61 drives the vertical arm 62 to produce a vertical displacement, triggering the opening and closing action of the push-button nozzle 63. The tapered structure design of the wide-mouth water spray pipe 64 makes the water flow spread in a fan shape, covering an area up to 3 meters wide, effectively suppressing dust in the detection area.

[0034] Please see Figure 5 The right side of the triangular push plate 4 is slidably connected to both ends of the sliding arm 42. The sliding arm 42 is connected to the triangular push plate 4 by a return spring 41. The right side of the sliding arm 42 is connected to an L-shaped support rod 43. The L-shaped support rod 43 is connected to the bottom of the mobile frame 1. The return spring 41 and the sliding arm 42 form an elastic buffer mechanism. When the triangular push plate 4 encounters a large obstacle, it can generate an elastic avoidance stroke of 5-10mm to prevent hard collision from damaging the detection device. The triangular reinforcement structure of the L-shaped support rod 43 improves the overall torsional strength and adapts to the irregular terrain at the bottom of the tunnel.

[0035] A guide slider 56 is connected to the top of the double-sided gear frame 54. A guide rail slot 55 is slidably connected to the outside of the guide slider 56. The guide rail slot 55 is connected to the bottom of the moving frame 1. The guide rail slot 55 is made of self-lubricating nylon material, forming a low-friction sliding with the guide slider 56, ensuring that the reciprocating motion accuracy of the double-sided gear frame 54 is controlled within ±0.2mm. This guiding mechanism effectively resists the influence of the humid environment of the tunnel on the transmission accuracy.

[0036] The outer right side of the half gear 53 is evenly provided with first teeth, and the upper and lower ends of the inner cavity of the double-sided gear frame 54 are evenly provided with second teeth. The first teeth and the second teeth mesh with each other. The teeth adopt a trapezoidal tooth profile design. When the half gear 53 rotates, it can drive the double-sided gear frame 54 to perform a reciprocating linear motion.

[0037] A drainage channel 12 is provided on the left side of the mobile frame 1. The outside of the wide-mouth water spray pipe 64 is connected to the inner cavity of the drainage channel 12. The drainage channel 12 adopts an inclined flow guiding design, forming a 15° angle with the horizontal plane, to ensure that residual water is quickly discharged after water spraying and to prevent water from seeping into the interior of the frame. The surface of the channel is coated with a superhydrophobic coating with a contact angle of 165°, achieving a self-cleaning function.

[0038] The left side of the mobile frame 1 is equipped with a collision protection bump 11. The outer corner of the collision protection bump 11 is rounded. The top of the water spray mechanism 6 is provided with a water inlet. The inner cavity of the water inlet is fitted with a sealing block. The collision protection bump 11 has a built-in pressure sensor. When a collision occurs, it triggers an emergency braking program to protect the detection components.

[0039] A tunnel advanced geological prediction system, based on the aforementioned tunnel advanced geological prediction device, includes: a seismic wave detection subsystem, an electromagnetic wave detection subsystem, a MEMS dynamic monitoring subsystem, a three-dimensional geological modeling engine, and a human-computer interaction interface. The seismic wave detection subsystem includes a central excitation source and distributed detectors. The MEMS dynamic monitoring subsystem consists of a broadband electromagnetic transmitter and a receiving coil. The MEMS dynamic monitoring subsystem is composed of a three-axis accelerometer array. The MEMS dynamic monitoring subsystem adopts the IEEE 1588 precision clock protocol to achieve sub-microsecond time synchronization, deploys an inertial navigation system, and establishes a three-dimensional coordinate system.

[0040] The multi-source data fusion architecture achieves nanosecond-level time alignment via the IEEE 1588 protocol, ensuring spatiotemporal consistency between seismic and electromagnetic wave detection data. The inertial navigation system employs fiber optic gyroscopes, achieving zero-bias stability better than 0.01° / h, guaranteeing the accuracy of the three-dimensional coordinate system amidst complex geological movements.

[0041] The human-computer interface includes a WebGL 3D visualization platform that pushes data in real time via mobile devices. The WebGL platform supports smooth rendering of geological models with up to 1 million polygons and employs LOD dynamic loading technology to automatically optimize model details based on the user's perspective. Mobile push notifications use H.265 video encoding with a data compression ratio of 1:200 to ensure real-time performance in the weak network environment within the tunnel.

[0042] The 3D geological modeling engine generates the initial mesh using the MarchingCubes algorithm, predicts rock mass wave velocity using CNN, and simulates the evolution of surrounding rock deformation using LSTM. The CNN model adopts the ResNet-50 architecture and is trained using geological borehole data, with wave velocity prediction error controlled within ±3%. The LSTM network incorporates an attention mechanism to capture the time-series features of surrounding rock deformation, predicting collapse risk up to 12 hours in advance with an accuracy of 87%.

[0043] The piezoelectric ceramic seismic wave transmitter has three sets of excitation points symmetrically arranged at the center of the tunnel face, forming an equilateral triangle. Distributed detectors are mounted on the left and right sides inside the tunnel. The equilateral triangular excitation array forms a spatial interference field, effectively suppressing tunnel reflected wave interference and improving the detection resolution within a 20-meter range in front of the tunnel face. The detectors use MEMS accelerometers with a sensitivity of 500mV / g and a frequency response range covering 0.1–500Hz, meeting the requirements for full-wavelength acquisition.

[0044] The tunnel advanced geological prediction device and system features a triangular pusher plate 4 added to the bottom of the mobile frame 1, which is linked with the transmission mechanism 5. Utilizing the meshing of a half-gear 53 and a double-sided gear frame 54 on the outside of the horizontal shaft 51, the rotational motion of the electric wheel 7 is converted into the horizontal reciprocating motion of the horizontal arm 57, thereby driving the triangular pusher plate 4 to periodically extend and retract. This automatically removes gravel or water from the bottom of the tunnel, maintaining the smoothness of the detection path. Simultaneously, the deceleration and torque-increasing characteristics of the gear frame ensure that the pusher plate's force is stable and controllable, avoiding unexpected disturbances to the geological structure. The water spraying mechanism 6, through a four-bar linkage structure consisting of a connecting rod 61 and a vertical arm 62, converts the horizontal displacement of the horizontal arm 57 into the vertical reciprocating motion of the press-type nozzle 63. This automatically triggers the water spraying action when the equipment moves, effectively suppressing dust in the detection area and reducing interference from airborne particles on the signal transmission of the electromagnetic wave detection component 3 and the seismic wave detection sub-component 2. Furthermore, the wide-mouth water spray pipe 64 expands the water mist coverage area, optimizing visibility in the working environment.

[0045] This tunnel advanced geological prediction device and system integrates data from the seismic wave detection subsystem and the electromagnetic wave detection subsystem, combined with the high-precision sensing capabilities of the MEMS dynamic monitoring subsystem, forming a complementary detection network. Specifically, the triaxial accelerometer array achieves sub-microsecond time synchronization via the IEEE 1588 protocol. Combined with a three-dimensional coordinate system constructed by the inertial navigation system, it can accurately capture micro-vibration signals and deformation characteristics of the tunnel surrounding rock, providing millimeter-level spatial positioning data for geological modeling. The collaborative operation of the broadband electromagnetic transmitter and receiving coil effectively identifies fracture development zones and water-bearing structures ahead of the tunnel face through multi-band electromagnetic wave penetration characteristic analysis. Finally, the three-dimensional geological modeling engine integrates multi-source heterogeneous data, achieving dynamic visualization of geological structures through a human-computer interface. This allows engineers to assess rock strata stability in real time and optimize tunneling parameters, significantly improving the safety and efficiency of tunnel construction.

[0046] When the operator starts the equipment through the human-machine interface, the drive motor of the electric wheel 7 receives control commands and realizes forward, reverse, and steering movements through the differential steering system. During travel, the triangular push plate 4 mounted on the bottom of the mobile frame 1 first contacts the bottom surface of the tunnel, and its leading edge wedge structure cuts into the gravel accumulation layer under the support of the L-shaped support rod 43. At this time, the sliding arm 42 maintains its initial position under the preload of the return spring 41. When encountering a boulder with a diameter greater than 50mm, the spring compression generates an elastic avoidance stroke of 5-10mm to prevent damage to the frame structure from hard impact.

[0047] The power transmission path of the travel system synchronously drives the transmission mechanism 5. The rotational motion of the electric wheel 7 is transmitted to the horizontal shaft 51 via a chain, causing the moving wheels 52 at both ends of the shaft 51 to rotate. At this time, the half gear 53, which is sleeved in the middle of the horizontal shaft 51, begins to rotate, and its trapezoidal tooth profile intermittently meshes with the second tooth of the double-sided gear frame 54. When the half gear 53 rotates to the tooth contact area, it drives the double-sided gear frame 54 to move linearly along the guide rail groove 55. The guide slider 56 cooperates with the self-lubricating nylon groove to ensure that the motion accuracy is maintained within ±0.2mm. As the half gear 53 continues to rotate, the teeth disengage, and the double-sided gear frame 54 remains momentarily stationary under inertia until it re-engages in the next tooth cycle, thus forming a periodic reciprocating motion.

[0048] The reciprocating motion of the double-sided toothed frame 54 is transmitted to the triangular push plate 4 and the water spraying mechanism 6 via the cross arm 57. In the push plate movement branch, the linear displacement of the cross arm 57 drives the triangular push plate 4 to perform obstacle clearing action. Its reciprocating frequency is dynamically matched with the vehicle frame's travel speed to ensure that the front end of the push plate always maintains effective contact with the tunnel floor. In the water spraying branch, the reciprocating motion of the cross arm 57 drives the connecting rod 61 to swing through the hinge, forming a first-level lever amplification effect. The swing angle of the connecting rod 61 is converted into vertical displacement by the vertical arm 62. When the vertical arm 62 rises, its top end squeezes the piston component of the press-type nozzle 63, triggering the water spraying action; when the vertical arm 62 falls, the spring reset mechanism closes the nozzle. The conical nozzle of the wide-mouth water spray pipe 64 disperses the water flow into a 120° fan-shaped spray, covering a width of up to 3 meters, effectively suppressing dust within a 2-meter range in front of the detection component.

[0049] During operation, the drainage channel 12 continuously drains accumulated water. Its 15° inclined design, combined with a superhydrophobic coating, allows water to flow out at a speed of 5 m / s, preventing water from seeping into the electronic components inside the frame. When the left-side anti-collision bumper 11 of the frame is involved in an accidental collision, the built-in pressure sensor immediately triggers the emergency braking procedure, and the electric wheel 7 locks within 0.3 seconds, while simultaneously cutting off the power to the detection component to prevent secondary damage.

[0050] The detection operation employs a multi-source data synchronous acquisition mechanism. Three sets of piezoelectric ceramic exciters are symmetrically arranged at the center of the tunnel face of the seismic wave detection subsystem, forming a spatial interference field in an equilateral triangle configuration. The control unit triggers the exciters at a 10kHz frequency, generating a shock wave with a pulse width of 200μs. Distributed MEMS accelerometers on both sides of the tunnel receive reflected waves with a sensitivity of 500mV / g, and their frequency response range of 0.1–500Hz covers the entire wave train signal. The broadband transmitter of the electromagnetic wave detection component 3 synchronously outputs a scanning signal of 1MHz–1GHz, and the receiving coil maintains a sensitivity of -90dBm through dynamic impedance matching.

[0051] The MEMS dynamic monitoring subsystem implements three-dimensional motion compensation. A three-axis accelerometer array monitors the vehicle frame attitude at a sampling rate of 2000Hz, and fiber optic gyroscopes achieve sub-microsecond time synchronization via the IEEE 1588 protocol, ensuring spatiotemporal alignment between navigation data and detection signals. The three-dimensional coordinate system constructed by the inertial navigation system maintains zero-bias stability of 0.01° / h even under geological motion conditions, providing a precise spatial reference for subsequent modeling.

[0052] The data fusion processing flow is divided into three levels. Level 1 processing is completed on the FPGA hardware layer, which acquires the first arrival time of seismic waves in real time and simultaneously performs wavelet noise reduction on the electromagnetic wave spectrum. Level 2 processing is implemented on the embedded CPU, using a CNN-ResNet50 model trained on geological borehole data to achieve ±3% error prediction of rock mass wave velocity. Level 3 processing is completed on the industrial control computer, using an LSTM network combined with an attention mechanism to analyze the time series of surrounding rock deformation and predict the risk of collapse 12 hours in advance.

[0053] The 3D geological modeling engine uses the MarchingCubes algorithm to generate initial isosurfaces and dynamically adjusts the mesh density based on viewpoint distance using LOD technology. The WebGL platform maintains a 60fps frame rate when loading a 1 million-facet model, and H.265 encoding compresses the probe data to a 1:200 ratio, ensuring real-time transmission with a latency of 200ms over 4G networks. The mobile interface supports multi-touch operation and allows for cross-sectional analysis of any geological body. Its rendering engine uses instantiation rendering technology to simultaneously display 5000 geological borehole labels.

[0054] When the equipment is shut down for maintenance, the water storage box 65 can be disassembled via a quick connector; its 3L capacity meets the needs of a single 8-hour operation. The threaded interface design of the wide-mouth spray pipe 64 allows for the replacement of nozzles of different specifications to adapt to dust environments with different particle sizes. The half gear 53 of the transmission mechanism 5 adopts a split structure, and can be replaced individually when the tooth wear exceeds 20%, reducing maintenance costs by 40%.

[0055] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.

[0056] Although embodiments of this application have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of this application, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A tunnel advanced geological prediction device, comprising a mobile frame (1), a seismic wave detection sub-assembly (2), an electromagnetic wave detection assembly (3), and electric wheels (7), wherein the electric wheels (7) are mounted on the lower end face of the mobile frame (1), and the seismic wave detection sub-assembly (2) and the electromagnetic wave detection assembly (3) are respectively mounted on the left and right sides of the upper end face of the mobile frame (1), characterized in that: The bottom of the mobile frame (1) is equipped with a triangular push plate (4), the lower end face of the mobile frame (1) is equipped with a transmission mechanism (5), and the upper end face of the mobile frame (1) is equipped with a water spraying mechanism (6). The transmission mechanism (5) includes a horizontal shaft (51), with movable wheels (52) connected to both sides of the horizontal shaft (51). A half gear (53) is sleeved on the outside of the horizontal shaft (51), and a double-sided gear frame (54) is meshed on the outside of the half gear (53). A horizontal arm (57) is connected to the outside of the double-sided gear frame (54), and the other end of the horizontal arm (57) is connected to the triangular push plate (4). The water spraying mechanism (6) includes a connecting rod (61), the bottom of which is connected to a horizontal arm (57) via a hinge, and the top of which is connected to a vertical arm (62) via a hinge. The top of the vertical arm (62) is connected to a push-type nozzle (63), the drain outlet of which is connected to a wide-mouth water spray pipe (64), and the top of which is threadedly connected to a water storage box (65).

2. The tunnel advanced geological prediction device and system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The right side of the triangular push plate (4) is slidably connected to both the front and back ends of the triangular push plate (4). A return spring (41) is connected between the sliding arm (42) and the triangular push plate (4). An L-shaped support rod (43) is connected to the right side of the sliding arm (42). The L-shaped support rod (43) is connected to the bottom of the mobile frame (1).

3. The tunnel advanced geological prediction device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The top of the double-sided toothed frame (54) is connected to a guide slider (56), and the outside of the guide slider (56) is slidably connected to a guide rail groove (55), which is connected to the bottom of the mobile frame (1).

4. The tunnel advanced geological prediction device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer right side of the half gear (53) is uniformly provided with first teeth, and the upper and lower ends of the inner cavity of the double-sided gear frame (54) are uniformly provided with second teeth, and the first teeth and the second teeth mesh with each other.

5. The tunnel advanced geological prediction device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mobile frame (1) has a drainage groove (12) on its left side, and the outside of the wide-mouth water spray pipe (64) is connected to the inner cavity of the drainage groove (12).

6. The tunnel advanced geological prediction device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The left side of the mobile frame (1) is equipped with a collision protection bump (11), the outside of which is rounded. The top of the water spraying mechanism (6) is provided with a water inlet, and the inner cavity of the water inlet is fitted with a sealing block.

7. A tunnel advanced geological prediction system, based on the tunnel advanced geological prediction device according to any one of claims 1-6, comprising: The system comprises a seismic wave detection subsystem, an electromagnetic wave detection subsystem, a MEMS dynamic monitoring subsystem, a 3D geological modeling engine, and a human-computer interaction interface. Its features include: the seismic wave detection subsystem includes a central excitation source and distributed detectors; the MEMS dynamic monitoring subsystem consists of a broadband electromagnetic transmitter and receiving coils; the MEMS dynamic monitoring subsystem is composed of a three-axis accelerometer array; the MEMS dynamic monitoring subsystem uses the IEEE 1588 precision clock protocol to achieve sub-microsecond time synchronization; and it deploys an inertial navigation system and establishes a 3D coordinate system.

8. A tunnel advanced geological prediction system according to claim 7, characterized in that: The human-computer interaction interface includes a WebGL 3D visualization platform, which pushes data in real time via mobile devices.

9. A tunnel advanced geological prediction system according to claim 7, characterized in that: The three-dimensional geological modeling engine generates an initial mesh using the MarchingCubes algorithm, predicts rock mass wave velocity using CNN, and simulates the deformation evolution of surrounding rock using LSTM.

10. A tunnel advanced geological prediction system according to claim 7, characterized in that: The piezoelectric ceramic seismic wave transmitter has three sets of excitation points symmetrically arranged at the center of the tunnel face, forming an equilateral triangle. The distributed detectors are mounted on the left and right sides inside the tunnel.

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