Early warning, prevention and control method and device for risk of earthquake induced by hydraulic fracturing

Abstract

The invention provides an early warning, prevention and control method and device for a hydrofracture-induced earthquake risk, and relates to the technical field of unconventional oil and gas development, and the method comprises the steps: collecting geological data of a target block, constructing a three-dimensional geomechanical model, classifying fracture surfaces in the block based on the three-dimensional geomechanical model, and recognizing fracture classification data. Fractured surface parameters are quantified; in the fracturing construction process, construction data and geological response data are collected; performing splitting and dimensionless processing on the crack classification data, the fracture surface parameters, the construction data and the geological response data to obtain sub-risk components, and inputting the sub-risk components into a multi-parameter weighting model based on an induced earthquake risk index system to obtain a comprehensive risk coefficient; determining early warning grading information corresponding to the comprehensive risk coefficient according to a preset early warning grading mechanism; and adopting a matched risk prevention and control strategy according to the early warning grading information in combination with well section features.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of unconventional oil and gas development technology, and more particularly to a method and device for early warning and prevention of earthquake risks induced by hydraulic fracturing. Background Technology

[0002] This section is intended to provide background or context for embodiments of the present invention. The description herein is not intended to imply that it is prior art simply because it is included in this section.

[0003] In the field of unconventional oil and gas development, especially in the large-scale development of shale gas and shale oil, hydraulic fracturing technology has become a key means to increase single-well production. Hydraulic fracturing significantly increases oil and gas production by injecting high-pressure fluids into the formation to create fractures and expand seepage channels. However, this process often leads to a redistribution of the formation stress field and activation of fracture surfaces due to the injection of high-pressure fluids and fracture propagation, which in turn induces seismic events, including microseismic and small-to-medium-sized earthquakes.

[0004] Currently, existing technologies primarily employ risk control methods including post-event monitoring, empirical model prediction, and a combination of injection volume and fracture simulation. Post-event monitoring records the distribution of seismic events through seismic arrays, analyzing their scale and causes. However, this method is largely passive, suffering from poor real-time performance and delayed early warnings. Empirical model prediction builds risk predictions based on historical data and regional geological conditions, but due to the complex and diverse geological conditions of different blocks, this method is difficult to accurately fit and has poor universality. Furthermore, the method combining injection volume and fracture simulation calculates the risk of fault contact by measuring fracture height and extension range. However, in actual construction, due to the heterogeneity of the formation and unknown fracture development, the prediction accuracy is often insufficient. Therefore, existing technologies have significant deficiencies in real-time early warning, dynamic feedback, and closed-loop control, making it difficult to meet the safety requirements of deep shale gas development. Overcoming these deficiencies and achieving real-time dynamic early warning and effective control of hydraulic fracturing-induced earthquakes is a technical challenge that urgently needs to be addressed by those skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the problems existing in the prior art, this invention proposes a method and device for early warning and prevention of seismic risks induced by hydraulic fracturing. The overall scheme can achieve real-time, dynamic, and feedback-enabled early warning and prevention of seismic risks induced by hydraulic fracturing. By combining geological structure modeling, real-time monitoring of injection parameters, dynamic analysis of microseismic events, and an intelligent early warning system, it achieves full-cycle prevention and control of seismic risks induced during the fracturing process, minimizing seismic risks to the greatest extent.

[0006] In a first aspect of the present invention, a method for early warning and prevention of seismic risk induced by hydraulic fracturing is proposed, the method comprising:

[0007] Collect geological data of the target block, construct a three-dimensional geomechanical model, classify the fracture surfaces within the block based on the three-dimensional geomechanical model, identify fracture classification data, and quantify fracture surface parameters;

[0008] During the fracturing operation, construction data and geological response data are collected;

[0009] The crack classification data, fracture surface parameters, construction data, and geological response data are split and dimensionless to obtain sub-risk components. Based on the induced earthquake risk index system, the sub-risk components are input into a multi-parameter weighted model to obtain a comprehensive risk coefficient.

[0010] According to the preset early warning classification mechanism, determine the early warning classification information corresponding to the comprehensive risk coefficient;

[0011] Based on the aforementioned early warning classification information and combined with the characteristics of the well section, a matching risk prevention and control strategy is adopted.

[0012] In a second aspect of the present invention, an early warning and prevention device for the risk of earthquakes induced by hydraulic fracturing is provided, the device comprising:

[0013] The geological data processing module is used to collect geological data of the target block, construct a three-dimensional geomechanical model, classify the fracture surfaces within the block based on the three-dimensional geomechanical model, identify fracture classification data, and quantify fracture surface parameters.

[0014] The construction data acquisition module is used to collect construction data and geological response data during the fracturing operation.

[0015] The comprehensive risk coefficient calculation module is used to split and dimensionlessly process the crack classification data, fracture surface parameters, construction data and geological response data to obtain sub-risk components. Based on the induced earthquake risk index system, the sub-risk components are input into the multi-parameter weighted model to obtain the comprehensive risk coefficient.

[0016] The risk warning module is used to determine the warning level information corresponding to the comprehensive risk coefficient according to a preset warning level mechanism.

[0017] The risk control module is used to adopt matching risk control strategies based on the early warning classification information and the characteristics of the well section.

[0018] The present invention proposes a method and device for early warning and prevention of hydraulic fracturing-induced earthquake risks. This involves collecting geological data from the target block, constructing a three-dimensional geomechanical model, classifying fracture surfaces within the block based on the model, identifying fracture classification data, and quantifying fracture surface parameters. During fracturing operations, construction data and geological response data are collected. The fracture classification data, fracture surface parameters, construction data, and geological response data are then decomposed and dimensionless to obtain sub-risk components. Based on an induced earthquake risk index system, these sub-risk components are input into a multi-parameter weighted model to obtain a comprehensive risk coefficient. According to a preset early warning classification mechanism, the early warning classification information corresponding to the comprehensive risk coefficient is determined. Based on the early warning classification information and well section characteristics, a matching risk prevention and control strategy is adopted. The overall scheme enables real-time dynamic early warning of hydraulic fracturing-induced earthquakes, avoiding the lag of traditional post-event monitoring. Through the linkage mechanism of risk classification and prevention and control measures, the controllability of the construction process is significantly enhanced. Closed-loop control effectively reduces the probability of fault contact and the incidence of induced earthquake events, ensuring the safety of fracturing operations while improving single-well production and overall development efficiency. Attached Figure Description

[0019] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic flowchart of a method for early warning and prevention of earthquake risk induced by hydraulic fracturing according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a method for early warning and prevention of earthquake risk induced by hydraulic fracturing, according to another embodiment of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the architecture of an early warning and prevention device for earthquake risk induced by hydraulic fracturing according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the early warning and prevention device architecture for hydraulic fracturing-induced earthquake risk according to another embodiment of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of a computer device structure according to an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0025] The principles and spirit of the invention will now be described with reference to several exemplary embodiments. It should be understood that these embodiments are given merely to enable those skilled in the art to better understand and implement the invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention in any way. Rather, these embodiments are provided to make this disclosure more thorough and complete, and to fully convey the scope of this disclosure to those skilled in the art.

[0026] Those skilled in the art will recognize that embodiments of the present invention can be implemented as a system, apparatus, device, method, or computer program product. Therefore, this disclosure can be specifically implemented in the following forms: entirely hardware, entirely software (including firmware, resident software, microcode, etc.), or a combination of hardware and software.

[0027] According to an embodiment of the present invention, a method and device for early warning and prevention of earthquake risk induced by hydraulic fracturing are proposed, which relates to the field of unconventional oil and gas development technology.

[0028] The principles and spirit of the present invention will be explained in detail below with reference to several representative embodiments.

[0029] Figure 1 This is a schematic flowchart of a method for early warning and prevention of earthquake risk induced by hydraulic fracturing according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 1 As shown, the method includes:

[0030] S101, Collect geological data of the target block, construct a three-dimensional geomechanical model, classify the fracture surfaces within the block based on the three-dimensional geomechanical model, identify fracture classification data, and quantify fracture surface parameters;

[0031] S102, during the fracturing operation, collect construction data and geological response data;

[0032] S103, the crack classification data, fracture surface parameters, construction data and geological response data are split and dimensionless to obtain sub-risk components. Based on the induced earthquake risk index system, the sub-risk components are input into the multi-parameter weighted model to obtain the comprehensive risk coefficient.

[0033] S104, according to the preset early warning classification mechanism, determine the early warning classification information corresponding to the comprehensive risk coefficient;

[0034] S105. Based on the aforementioned early warning classification information and combined with the characteristics of the well section, a matching risk prevention and control strategy shall be adopted.

[0035] Further reference Figure 2 This is a schematic flowchart illustrating a method for early warning and prevention of earthquake risk induced by hydraulic fracturing, according to another embodiment of this application. Figure 2 As shown, the method also includes:

[0036] S106, The early warning classification information is fed back to the construction scheduling platform in real time, and a closed-loop control mechanism for construction parameters, risk identification, early warning and adjustment is implemented through the construction scheduling platform;

[0037] S107. Through the closed-loop control mechanism, after the construction of each well section is completed, the subsequent fracturing scheme is optimized and adjusted through inversion analysis.

[0038] This invention enables real-time dynamic early warning of hydraulic fracturing-induced earthquakes, avoiding the lag of traditional post-event monitoring; through a risk classification and prevention and control measures linkage mechanism, the controllability of the construction process is significantly enhanced; through closed-loop control, the probability of fault contact can be effectively reduced, and the incidence of induced earthquake events can be reduced; the safety of fracturing construction is guaranteed, while improving single-well production and overall development efficiency.

[0039] To provide a clearer explanation of the aforementioned methods for early warning and prevention of earthquake risks induced by hydraulic fracturing, a detailed explanation of each step is provided below.

[0040] In one embodiment, for S101, geological data of the target block is collected, a three-dimensional geomechanical model is constructed, and the fracture surfaces within the block are classified based on the three-dimensional geomechanical model, fracture classification data is identified, and fracture surface parameters are quantified.

[0041] Specifically, the process of collecting geological data from the target area and constructing a three-dimensional geomechanical model is as follows:

[0042] Geological data of the target block, including 3D seismic data, well logging curves, and fault interpretation results, are collected, and a 3D geomechanical model is constructed based on the geological data.

[0043] In practical applications, 3D seismic data can be obtained through geological exploration equipment, well logging curves can be acquired through well logging instruments, and fault surfaces can be interpreted using geological interpretation software. This process ensures a comprehensive and accurate description of the geological characteristics of the target block, providing reliable basic data for subsequent fault surface classification and parameter quantification.

[0044] Specifically, the process of classifying fracture surfaces within the block, identifying fracture classification data, and quantifying fracture surface parameters based on the aforementioned three-dimensional geomechanical model is as follows:

[0045] The fracture surfaces are classified to identify primary fractures and secondary cracks, and the orientation, dip angle, and closure of the primary fractures and secondary cracks are quantified.

[0046] In practical applications, geological modeling software can be used to classify fracture surfaces, identify primary fractures and secondary fractures, and obtain their strike, dip, and closure parameters through measurement tools. This step allows for a precise understanding of the distribution and characteristics of the fracture surfaces, providing crucial input data for subsequent risk assessment.

[0047] In one embodiment, for S102, during the fracturing operation, construction data and geological response data are collected.

[0048] Construction data and geological response data are collected by deploying a monitoring system; wherein the monitoring system includes a microseismic monitoring array, a wellhead pressure monitoring system, and a real-time flow and discharge acquisition system; wherein the collected construction data and geological response data include at least construction pressure, sand ratio, injection intensity, and spatiotemporal distribution data of microseismic events.

[0049] In practical applications, multiple microseismic geophones can be deployed at the well site to acquire microseismic signals in real time. Simultaneously, wellhead pressure sensors and flow meters are used to monitor the construction pressure and injection intensity, respectively. This process allows for the real-time acquisition of critical data during fracturing operations, providing real-time support for subsequent risk assessments.

[0050] In one embodiment, for S103, the crack classification data, fracture surface parameters, construction data, and geological response data are split and dimensionless to obtain sub-risk components. Based on the induced earthquake risk index system, the sub-risk components are input into a multi-parameter weighted model to obtain a comprehensive risk coefficient.

[0051] Specifically, the indicators in the induced earthquake risk index system include at least: injected energy density (MJ / m³). 3 ), fracture propagation rate (m / min), fault proximity coefficient, and microseismic energy release rate (J / s); the fault proximity coefficient is calculated by dividing the fault distance by the fracture extension length.

[0052] The comprehensive risk coefficient is obtained using the following formula: In the formula, R represents the comprehensive risk coefficient, which ranges from [0,1]. The weight coefficient of the i-th sub-risk component is obtained through expert weights or training, and the sum of all weight coefficients equals 1. Let represent the i-th sub-risk component; n represents the number of sub-risk components. The factors that induce earthquake risk are decomposed into multiple sub-indicators, and each sub-indicator is dimensionless (normalized / risk-based) to obtain the sub-risk component. , The sub-risk components ∈[0,1] include at least the sub-risk components corresponding to construction pressure, discharge rate, seismic energy release rate, and fault stability factor.

[0053] The dimensionless transformation of sub-indices uses a smooth ascending function to avoid instability caused by hard thresholds.

[0054] This step transforms multidimensional data into unified risk assessment indicators, improving the accuracy and reliability of risk assessment. Simultaneously, by comprehensively considering the impact of multiple risk factors, a holistic risk assessment result is obtained, providing a scientific basis for subsequent early warning and prevention.

[0055] In one embodiment, for S104, the early warning classification information corresponding to the comprehensive risk coefficient is determined according to a preset early warning classification mechanism.

[0056] Based on the comprehensive risk coefficient, risks are divided into at least four levels: safe, controllable, alert, and dangerous. The comprehensive risk coefficient threshold and response mechanism for each risk level are as follows: Safe: R < R1, no intervention required; Controllable: R1 ≤ R < R2, prompt adjustment of displacement or reduction of scale; Alert: R2 ≤ R < R3, initiate local fracturing and pump shutdown or switch to a different fluid system; Dangerous: R ≥ R3, immediately shut down the pump and implement risk control measures. Here, R represents the comprehensive risk coefficient; R1, R2, and R3 are ordered from smallest to largest, representing different comprehensive risk coefficient thresholds.

[0057] Specifically, the risk level is:

[0058] Level I (Safe): R < 0.3, no intervention required;

[0059] Level II (Controllable): 0.3≤R<0.6, indicating the need to adjust displacement or reduce scale;

[0060] Level III (Alert): 0.6 ≤ R < 0.8, initiate local fracturing and stop pumps or switch fluid systems;

[0061] Level IV (Hazardous): R≥0.8, immediately stop the pump and implement risk control measures.

[0062] This step transforms the overall risk coefficient into specific early warning information, guiding on-site operators to take timely and appropriate prevention and control measures.

[0063] In one embodiment, for S105, a matching risk control strategy is adopted based on the early warning classification information and the characteristics of the well section.

[0064] For well sections with warning or danger levels, one or a combination of measures, including segmented cluster optimization, limited injection, low-viscosity slickwater replacement, and micro-fracture test pilot, are adopted. In particular, for areas with the risk of touching faults, measures such as reducing the scale of fracturing, early isolation, or skipping segments of fracturing are adopted to avoid the risk.

[0065] This step can effectively reduce the risk of induced earthquakes and ensure the safety of fracturing operations.

[0066] In one embodiment, for S106, the early warning classification information is fed back to the construction scheduling platform in real time, and a closed-loop control mechanism for construction parameters, risk identification, early warning and adjustment is implemented through the construction scheduling platform;

[0067] In one embodiment, for S107, through the closed-loop control mechanism, after the construction of each well section is completed, the subsequent fracturing scheme is optimized and adjusted through inversion analysis.

[0068] Through the preceding two steps (S106 and S107), the construction scheduling platform receives real-time early warning classification information, adjusts construction parameters such as displacement and injection intensity according to the warning level, and performs inverse analysis on the monitoring data after construction to optimize subsequent fracturing plans. These steps enable dynamic closed-loop control of construction parameters and risk identification, improving the controllability and safety of the construction process.

[0069] The following description uses several specific embodiments as examples.

[0070] Specific Implementation Example 1: A deep shale gas well.

[0071] Well parameters: Horizontal well section length 2000m, designed number of fracturing stages 27, single stage injection volume 2500m³ 3 .

[0072] Monitoring setup: 12 microseismic detectors were deployed at the well site to collect signals in real time.

[0073] Risk assessment: During the construction of the 20th section, the risk index R value increased rapidly, from 0.45 to 0.72.

[0074] Prevention and control measures: The system automatically issues a Level III warning, instructing the site to reduce the discharge volume from 16m³ / h. 3 / min decreased to 12m 3 / min, and adjust the scale from 2500m 3 Reduced to 1000m 3 .

[0075] Results: The distribution of microseismic events tended to stabilize, no small or medium-sized earthquakes were triggered, and the construction was completed smoothly.

[0076] Specific Implementation Example 2: A deep shale oil well.

[0077] Well parameters: Well depth 4200m, horizontal section length 2500m, designed fracturing section number 30.

[0078] Risk event: During the construction of the 12th segment, continuous high-energy microseismic events were detected (energy release rate 1.2 × 10⁻⁶). 3 (J / s), with a risk index R of 0.85.

[0079] Contingency measures: Immediately trigger Level IV warning, stop the pump and perform venting and backflow, while skipping the fracture sensitive section.

[0080] Results: No earthquake occurred, and subsequent construction proceeded smoothly.

[0081] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has at least the following advantages:

[0082] 1. Real-time dynamic early warning of hydraulic fracturing-induced earthquakes has been achieved, avoiding the lag of traditional post-event monitoring;

[0083] 2. A risk classification and prevention and control mechanism has been established, which has significantly enhanced the controllability of the construction process;

[0084] 3. Closed-loop control can effectively reduce the probability of fault contact and decrease the incidence of induced earthquake events;

[0085] 4. It ensures the safety of fracturing operations while improving single-well production and overall development efficiency.

[0086] Referring to Table 1, there is a comparison example between the method of the present invention and the traditional method in terms of early warning response time, fault contact probability, occurrence rate of small and medium earthquakes, and number of construction interruptions.

[0087] Table 1

[0088]

[0089] It should be noted that although the operation of the method of the present invention has been described in a specific order in the above embodiments and figures, this does not require or imply that the operations must be performed in that specific order, or that all the operations shown must be performed to achieve the desired result. Additionally or alternatively, certain steps may be omitted, multiple steps may be combined into one step, and / or one step may be broken down into multiple steps.

[0090] After introducing the method of exemplary embodiments of the present invention, the following references are made. Figure 3 This invention provides an exemplary embodiment of an early warning and prevention device for earthquake risk induced by hydraulic fracturing.

[0091] The implementation of the early warning and prevention device for hydraulic fracturing-induced earthquake risk can refer to the implementation of the above-described method, and will not be repeated here. The term "module" or "unit" used below can refer to a combination of software and / or hardware that performs a predetermined function. Although the device described in the following embodiments is preferably implemented in software, hardware implementation, or a combination of software and hardware, is also possible and contemplated.

[0092] Based on the same inventive concept, this invention also proposes an early warning and prevention device for the risk of earthquakes induced by hydraulic fracturing, such as... Figure 3 As shown, the device includes:

[0093] The geological data processing module 310 is used to collect geological data of the target block, construct a three-dimensional geomechanical model, classify the fracture surfaces within the block based on the three-dimensional geomechanical model, identify fracture classification data, and quantify fracture surface parameters.

[0094] The construction data acquisition module 320 is used to collect construction data and geological response data during the fracturing operation.

[0095] The comprehensive risk coefficient calculation module 330 is used to split and dimensionlessly process the crack classification data, fracture surface parameters, construction data and geological response data to obtain sub-risk components. Based on the induced earthquake risk index system, the sub-risk components are input into the multi-parameter weighted model to obtain the comprehensive risk coefficient.

[0096] The risk warning module 340 is used to determine the warning level information corresponding to the comprehensive risk coefficient according to a preset warning level mechanism.

[0097] The risk control module 350 is used to adopt matching risk control strategies based on the early warning classification information and the characteristics of the well section.

[0098] In one embodiment, the geological data processing module 310 is specifically used for:

[0099] Geological data of the target block, including 3D seismic data, well logging curves, and fault interpretation results, are collected, and a 3D geomechanical model is constructed based on the geological data.

[0100] The fracture surfaces are classified to identify primary fractures and secondary cracks, and the orientation, dip angle, and closure of the primary fractures and secondary cracks are quantified.

[0101] In one embodiment, the construction data acquisition module 320 is specifically used for:

[0102] Construction data and geological response data are collected by deploying a monitoring system; wherein the monitoring system includes a microseismic monitoring array, a wellhead pressure monitoring system, and a real-time flow and discharge acquisition system; wherein the collected construction data and geological response data include at least construction pressure, sand ratio, injection intensity, and spatiotemporal distribution data of microseismic events.

[0103] In one embodiment, the indices in the induced earthquake risk index system include at least: injected energy density, fracture propagation rate, fault proximity coefficient, and microseismic energy release rate; the fault proximity coefficient is calculated by dividing the fault distance by the fracture extension length.

[0104] In one embodiment, the comprehensive risk coefficient calculation module 330 is specifically used for:

[0105] The comprehensive risk coefficient is obtained using the following formula: In the formula, R represents the comprehensive risk coefficient; The weight coefficient of the i-th sub-risk component is obtained through expert weights or training. Let represent the i-th sub-risk component; n represents the number of sub-risk components. The factors that induce earthquake risk are decomposed into multiple sub-indicators. Each sub-indicator is dimensionless to obtain a sub-risk component. The sub-risk components include at least the sub-risk components corresponding to construction pressure, discharge rate, earthquake energy release rate, and fault stability factor.

[0106] In one embodiment, the risk warning module 340 is specifically used for:

[0107] Based on the comprehensive risk coefficient, risks are divided into at least four levels: safe, controllable, alert, and dangerous. The comprehensive risk coefficient threshold and response mechanism for each risk level are as follows: Safe: R < R1, no intervention required; Controllable: R1 ≤ R < R2, prompt adjustment of displacement or reduction of scale; Alert: R2 ≤ R < R3, initiate local fracturing and pump shutdown or switch to a different fluid system; Dangerous: R ≥ R3, immediately shut down the pump and implement risk control measures. Here, R represents the comprehensive risk coefficient; R1, R2, and R3 are ordered from smallest to largest, representing different comprehensive risk coefficient thresholds.

[0108] In one embodiment, the risk control module 350 is specifically used for:

[0109] For well sections with warning or danger levels, one or a combination of measures, including segmented cluster optimization, limited injection, low-viscosity slickwater replacement, and micro-fracture test pilot, are adopted. In particular, for areas with the risk of touching faults, measures such as reducing the scale of fracturing, early isolation, or skipping segments of fracturing are adopted to avoid the risk.

[0110] In another embodiment, reference Figure 4This is a schematic diagram of the architecture of a hydraulic fracturing-induced earthquake risk early warning and prevention device according to another embodiment of the present invention. Figure 4 As shown, the device includes:

[0111] The information feedback module 360 ​​is used to feed back the early warning classification information to the construction scheduling platform in real time, and to implement a closed-loop control mechanism for construction parameters, risk identification, early warning and adjustment through the construction scheduling platform;

[0112] The optimization and adjustment module 370 is used to optimize and adjust the subsequent fracturing scheme through inversion analysis after the completion of each well section construction via the closed-loop control mechanism.

[0113] It should be noted that although several modules of the early warning and prevention device for hydraulic fracturing-induced earthquake risk have been mentioned in the detailed description above, this division is merely exemplary and not mandatory. In fact, according to embodiments of the present invention, the features and functions of two or more modules described above can be embodied in one module. Conversely, the features and functions of one module described above can be further divided and embodied by multiple modules.

[0114] Based on the aforementioned inventive concept, such as Figure 5 As shown, the present invention also proposes a computer device 500, including a memory 510, a processor 520, and a computer program 530 stored in the memory 510 and executable on the processor 520. When the processor 520 executes the computer program 530, it implements the aforementioned method for early warning and prevention of earthquake risk induced by hydraulic fracturing.

[0115] Based on the aforementioned inventive concept, this invention proposes a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program, which, when executed by a processor, implements the aforementioned method for early warning and prevention of earthquake risks induced by hydraulic fracturing.

[0116] Based on the aforementioned inventive concept, this invention proposes a computer program product, which includes a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements a method for early warning and prevention of earthquake risks induced by hydraulic fracturing.

[0117] The present invention proposes a method and device for early warning and prevention of hydraulic fracturing-induced earthquake risks. This involves collecting geological data from the target block, constructing a three-dimensional geomechanical model, classifying fracture surfaces within the block based on the model, identifying fracture classification data, and quantifying fracture surface parameters. During fracturing operations, construction data and geological response data are collected. The fracture classification data, fracture surface parameters, construction data, and geological response data are then decomposed and dimensionless to obtain sub-risk components. Based on an induced earthquake risk index system, these sub-risk components are input into a multi-parameter weighted model to obtain a comprehensive risk coefficient. According to a preset early warning classification mechanism, the early warning classification information corresponding to the comprehensive risk coefficient is determined. Based on the early warning classification information and well section characteristics, a matching risk prevention and control strategy is adopted. The overall scheme enables real-time dynamic early warning of hydraulic fracturing-induced earthquakes, avoiding the lag of traditional post-event monitoring. Through the linkage mechanism of risk classification and prevention and control measures, the controllability of the construction process is significantly enhanced. Closed-loop control effectively reduces the probability of fault contact and the incidence of induced earthquake events, ensuring the safety of fracturing operations while improving single-well production and overall development efficiency.

[0118] The acquisition, storage, use, and processing of data in this application comply with relevant laws and regulations.

[0119] Those skilled in the art will understand that embodiments of the present invention can be provided as methods, apparatus, or computer program products. Therefore, the present invention can take the form of a completely hardware embodiment, a completely software embodiment, or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, the present invention can take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including, but not limited to, disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.) containing computer-usable program code.

[0120] This invention is described with reference to flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams of methods and computer program products according to embodiments of the invention. It will be understood that each block of the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, and combinations of blocks in the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions can be provided to a processor of a general-purpose computer, special-purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, generate instructions for implementing the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams. Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 A device that provides the functions specified in one or more boxes.

[0121] These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable storage medium that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing device to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable storage medium produce an article of manufacture including instruction means, which are implemented in a process Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The function specified in one or more boxes.

[0122] These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing equipment to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable equipment to produce a computer-implemented process, thereby providing instructions that execute on the computer or other programmable equipment for implementing the process. Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The steps of the function specified in one or more boxes.

[0123] Finally, it should be noted that the above-described embodiments are merely specific implementations of the present invention, used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit it. The scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that any person skilled in the art can still modify or easily conceive of changes to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention, or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features; and these modifications, changes, or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, and should all be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A method for early warning and prevention of hydraulic fracturing induced seismic risk, characterized in that, The method comprises: Collecting geological data of a target block, constructing a three-dimensional geomechanical model, classifying fracture surfaces in the block based on the three-dimensional geomechanical model, identifying fracture classification data, and quantifying fracture surface parameters; During fracturing construction, collecting construction data and geological response data; Splitting and dimensionless processing the fracture classification data, fracture surface parameters, construction data and geological response data to obtain sub-risk components, inputting the sub-risk components into a multi-parameter weighted model based on an induced earthquake risk index system to obtain a comprehensive risk coefficient; According to a preset early warning grading mechanism, determining early warning grading information corresponding to the comprehensive risk coefficient; According to the early warning grading information, combined with the characteristics of the well section, a matching risk prevention and control strategy is adopted.

2. The method for early warning and prevention of hydraulic fracturing induced seismic risk according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method further comprises: Real-time feedback of the early warning grading information to a construction scheduling platform, and closed-loop control mechanism of construction parameters, risk identification, early warning and adjustment through the construction scheduling platform; Through the closed-loop control mechanism, after each well section is completed, the subsequent fracturing scheme is optimized and adjusted through inversion analysis.

3. The method for early warning and prevention of hydraulic fracturing induced seismic risk according to claim 1, characterized in that, Collecting geological data of a target block, constructing a three-dimensional geomechanical model, comprising: Collecting geological data of a target block, including three-dimensional seismic data, well logging curves, and fracture interpretation results, and constructing a three-dimensional geomechanical model according to the geological data.

4. The method for early warning and prevention of hydraulic fracturing induced seismic risk according to claim 1, characterized in that, Based on the three-dimensional geomechanical model, classifying fracture surfaces in the block, identifying fracture classification data, and quantifying fracture surface parameters, comprising: Classifying fracture surfaces, identifying main fractures and secondary fractures, and quantifying the trend, dip angle and sealing property of the main fractures and secondary fractures.

5. The method for early warning and prevention of hydraulic fracturing induced seismic risk according to claim 1, characterized in that, During fracturing construction, collecting construction data and geological response data, comprising: Collecting construction data and geological response data through a monitoring system; wherein the monitoring system comprises a microseismic monitoring array, a wellhead pressure monitoring system, and a flow rate and displacement real-time acquisition system; wherein the collected construction data and geological response data at least include construction pressure, sand ratio, injection intensity, and microseismic event space-time distribution data.

6. The method for early warning and prevention of hydraulic fracturing induced seismic risk according to claim 1, characterized in that, The indexes in the induced earthquake risk index system at least include injection energy density, fracture propagation rate, fault proximity coefficient, and microseismic energy release rate; the fault proximity coefficient is calculated by dividing the fault distance by the fracture extension length.

7. The method for early warning and prevention of hydraulic fracturing induced seismic risk according to claim 6, characterized in that, Splitting and dimensionless processing the fracture classification data, fracture surface parameters, construction data and geological response data to obtain sub-risk components, inputting the sub-risk components into a multi-parameter weighted model based on an induced earthquake risk index system to obtain a comprehensive risk coefficient, comprising: The comprehensive risk coefficient is obtained by using the following calculation relationship: ; in the formula, R represents the comprehensive risk coefficient; represents the weight coefficient of the i th sub risk component, which is obtained by expert weight or training; represents the i th sub risk component; n represents the number of sub risk components, wherein factors causing induced earthquake risk are divided into multiple sub indicators, each sub indicator is processed to be dimensionless to obtain a sub risk component, and the sub risk component at least includes sub risk components corresponding to construction pressure, displacement, earthquake energy release rate, and fault stability factor.

8. The method for early warning and prevention of hydraulic fracturing induced seismic risk according to claim 1, characterized in that, According to a preset early warning grading mechanism, determining early warning grading information corresponding to the comprehensive risk coefficient, comprising: According to the comprehensive risk coefficient, at least four risk levels are divided: safe, controllable, alert, and dangerous; wherein, the corresponding comprehensive risk coefficient threshold and response mechanism of each risk level are: safe, R is less than R1, no intervention is needed; controllable, R1≤R 9. The method for early warning and prevention of hydraulic fracturing induced seismic risk according to claim 8, characterized in that, According to the early warning classification information, a matching risk prevention and control strategy is taken in combination with the well section characteristics, including: For the well section with the early warning classification information of alert or danger, one measure or a combination of multiple measures is adopted, including segmented and clustered optimization, limited displacement injection, low viscosity slick water replacement, and micro-fracturing test pilot; wherein, for the area with the risk of touching the fault, the ways of reducing the fracturing scale, early zonal isolation, or stepped fracturing are taken to avoid treatment.

10. A device for early warning and prevention of hydraulic fracturing induced seismic risk, characterized in that, The device comprises: a geological data processing module, configured to collect geological data of a target block, construct a three-dimensional geomechanical model, classify fracture surfaces in the block based on the three-dimensional geomechanical model, identify fracture classification data, and quantify fracture surface parameters; a construction data acquisition module, configured to acquire construction data and geological response data during fracturing construction; a comprehensive risk coefficient calculation module, configured to split and dimensionless process the fracture classification data, fracture surface parameters, construction data, and geological response data to obtain sub-risk components, input the sub-risk components into a multi-parameter weighted model based on an induced earthquake risk index system, and obtain a comprehensive risk coefficient; a risk early warning module, configured to determine early warning classification information corresponding to the comprehensive risk coefficient according to a preset early warning classification mechanism; a risk prevention and control module, configured to take a matching risk prevention and control strategy in combination with the well section characteristics according to the early warning classification information.

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