Postoperative anti-reflux self-cleaning drainage tube

Abstract

The invention relates to a postoperative anti-regurgitation self-cleaning drainage tube which is suitable for chest drainage after pulmonary lobectomy. In order to solve the problems that a traditional drainage tube depends on gravity to conduct passive drainage, a tube cavity is prone to forming a biological membrane due to sediment to cause blockage and drainage efficiency is insufficient, a plurality of cilia are arranged on the inner wall of a drainage tube body in a surrounding mode in the circumferential direction, the sizes of the cilia are gradually reduced from the root to the top end, and the elasticity modulus is reduced in a gradient mode in the drainage direction; and the vibration device is matched to drive the cilia to swing directionally in the same direction as the drainage direction. According to the design, by simulating the respiratory tract cilia function and utilizing the synergistic effect of cilia structural characteristics and vibration excitation, tube wall sediments are actively and physically stripped, a biological membrane is destroyed to form a foundation, and meanwhile, cilia directionally swings to form drainage auxiliary thrust. According to the application, the occurrence rate of lumen blockage can be obviously reduced, the drainage efficiency is improved, the postoperative pain and medical cost of a patient are reduced, the recovery period is shortened, and the clinical efficient drainage and anti-blockage requirements are met.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of postoperative care, and in particular to a postoperative anti-reflux self-cleaning drainage tube. BACKGROUND

[0002] Lobectomy surgery, including pulmonary nodule wedge resection, lobectomy, etc., is a common surgical method for treating lung cancer, pulmonary nodules and other lung diseases. A drainage tube needs to be left in the chest for 3-7 days after surgery. The core function is to drain the pleural effusion and pneumothorax caused by surgical trauma, reduce the intrathoracic pressure, promote lung tissue re-expansion, and reduce the incidence of complications such as chest infection and pneumothorax. The drainage effect directly affects the postoperative recovery process of the patient.

[0003] The chest drainage tube currently used in clinical practice is mostly a single tubular structure, and the material is mainly silicone and polyvinyl chloride. It relies on gravity to achieve passive drainage. In actual application, there are technical pain points that seriously affect the treatment effect and patient experience. The risk of tube lumen blockage is high, and the drainage efficiency is insufficient. The pleural effusion contains a large amount of inflammatory exudate, necrotic tissue debris and bacteria. These substances are easily adsorbed and deposited on the inner wall of the drainage tube, and after long-term accumulation, a dense biofilm is formed. The biofilm not only reduces the cross-sectional area of the tube lumen, leading to a decrease in drainage flow rate, but also completely blocks the tube lumen in severe cases, causing the accumulation of effusion and gas to be discharged. At this time, the drainage tube needs to be replaced or a second surgery is needed to clean up, increasing the patient's pain and medical costs. Related clinical data shows that the postoperative blockage rate of traditional drainage tubes is more than 35%, which is one of the main reasons for the prolonged hospital stay of patients. In the existing improvement scheme, some drainage tubes use silver ion and other antibacterial coatings, but the coating is easy to fall off due to friction and effusion during the drainage process, and can only inhibit the proliferation of free bacteria, and cannot remove the formed biofilm, so the cleaning effect is limited. Another scheme improves drainage by increasing the diameter of the tube lumen, but this will increase the foreign body sensation of the patient in the chest, and cannot fundamentally solve the deposition problem. SUMMARY

[0004] In view of the deficiencies of the prior art, the purpose of the present application is to provide a postoperative anti-reflux self-cleaning drainage tube which can reduce the formation of biofilm and reduce the incidence of tube lumen blockage.

[0005] The above-mentioned purpose of the present application is realized by the following technical scheme: A postoperative anti-reflux self-cleaning drainage tube includes a drainage tube body for drainage after lobectomy. The inner wall of the drainage tube body is covered with a plurality of cilia, which circumferentially surround the inner wall of the drainage tube body and are arranged circumferentially to simulate the directional oscillation of respiratory cilia. A vibration device is disposed on the drainage tube body to cause the cilia to oscillate directionally, the direction of which is the same as the drainage direction of the drainage tube body. The size of the cilia gradually decreases from the root to the tip, and the elastic modulus of the cilia decreases gradually from the root to the tip along the drainage direction.

[0006] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the cilia have a guiding surface located upstream of the drainage direction and a supporting surface opposite to the guiding surface. The guiding surface is a curved surface that bends in the drainage direction, and the supporting surface is a straight surface or a curved surface that is consistent with the bending direction of the guiding surface.

[0007] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, all of the cilia are inclined at a predetermined angle of 5°-30° towards the drainage direction; the length of the cilia gradually increases along the drainage direction.

[0008] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, along the drainage direction, grooves are provided on the inner wall of the drainage tube body between any two adjacent cilia, and at least a portion of the root of the cilia is embedded in the grooves. A plurality of grooves are provided along the drainage direction, and the width of the plurality of grooves gradually increases along the drainage direction.

[0009] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the diameter of the cilia is 600nm-1000nm, the length of the cilia is 6μm-10μm, and the distance between two adjacent cilia is not less than 2μm.

[0010] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the vibration device includes a piezoelectric element and a vibration control module, wherein the vibration control module is electrically connected to the piezoelectric element and controls the piezoelectric element to output a vibration with an amplitude of 1μm-3μm.

[0011] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the postoperative anti-reflux self-cleaning drainage tube further includes a sensor for detecting the internal fluid resistance of the drainage tube body, the sensor being connected to the drainage tube body and electrically connected to the vibration device.

[0012] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the surface of the cilia is provided with a hydrophilic coating or an antibacterial coating.

[0013] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the postoperative anti-reflux self-cleaning drainage tube further includes an anti-reflux structure, which includes a tubular portion and a plurality of valves. The tubular portion is connected to the drainage tube body. The plurality of valves are evenly distributed circumferentially along the inner wall of the tubular portion. Each valve has a fixed end connected to the tubular portion and a free end away from the fixed end. The free ends of the plurality of valves approach each other radially along the tubular portion. Each valve abuts against the adjacent valve. The plurality of valves enclose to form a sealing surface to block the lumen of the tubular portion. Each valve is inclined toward the drainage direction, and the sealing surface protrudes toward the drainage direction.

[0014] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the drainage tube body is made of one or more composite materials selected from medical-grade silicone, polyvinyl chloride, or polytetrafluoroethylene, and the ciliary array is fixed to the inner wall of the drainage tube body by chemical grafting or physical deposition.

[0015] In summary, the beneficial technical effects of this application are as follows: This application provides a number of cilia arranged circumferentially on the inner wall of the drainage tube, and a vibration device is configured to drive the cilia to produce directional oscillation in the same direction as the drainage. By simulating the directional oscillation function of respiratory cilia, the excitation of the vibration device and the structural characteristics of the cilia work together to achieve active physical stripping of deposits on the tube wall, destroy the basis for biofilm formation, significantly reduce the incidence of luminal blockage, and eliminate the need to replace the drainage tube or perform a second surgery to clear the blockage. This greatly reduces postoperative pain and medical costs for patients and avoids prolonged hospitalization due to blockage.

[0016] The size of the cilia in this application gradually decreases from the root to the tip, and the elastic modulus decreases in a gradient from the root to the tip along the drainage direction, ensuring that the tip forms a larger amplitude of directional movement when swinging, which can efficiently scrape away the initially deposited inflammatory exudate and tissue debris, and destroy the basis for biofilm formation.

[0017] The vibration device of this application drives the cilia to generate directional oscillation in the same direction as the drainage. While achieving active cleaning, the directional oscillation of the cilia can form an auxiliary push along the drainage direction, which facilitates the drainage of pleural effusion. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the postoperative anti-reflux self-cleaning drainage tube.

[0019] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of cilia.

[0020] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the structure for preventing backflow.

[0021] Explanation of the reference numerals: 1. Drainage tube body; 2. Cilia; 21. Guide surface; 22. Support surface; 3. Anti-reflux structure; 31. Tubular part; 32. Valve; F1. Drainage direction. Detailed Implementation

[0022] The present application will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0023] like Figure 1 As shown, a postoperative anti-reflux self-cleaning drainage tube is presented, which is mainly used in lobectomy, including wedge resection of pulmonary nodules, radical lobectomy, and other postoperative thoracic drainage scenarios. Its core lies in achieving the synergistic effect of active cleaning and efficient drainage through structural design.

[0024] The drainage tube of this application includes a drainage tube body 1, which is made of medical materials with good biocompatibility and mechanical stability, such as modified polyetheretherketone or high-purity medical silicone. These materials can withstand the physiological environment in the pleural cavity, meet the needs of vibration transmission, and reduce irritation to the pleural mucosa.

[0025] The inner wall of the drainage tube body 1 is covered with a number of cilia 2. The cilia 2 are arranged around the inner wall of the drainage tube body 1 in a circumferential direction and are evenly distributed in the axial direction. Specifically, in the circumferential direction of the inner wall of the drainage tube, a cilia 2 is arranged at certain intervals to form a dense and orderly array of cilia 2. A cilia 2 is also arranged at certain intervals along the length of the drainage tube. This arrangement can ensure full coverage of the tube wall.

[0026] Specifically, such as Figure 2 As shown, cilia 2 exhibit a gradually tapering shape from the root connected to the tube wall to the free tip. For example, the root diameter can be set to 1.5μm-2μm, while the tip diameter shrinks to 500nm-800nm, and the overall length is controlled at 5μm-10μm. This tapering structure reduces obstruction to fluid flow and enhances the flexibility of the tip's oscillation. More importantly, the elastic modulus of cilia 2 decreases gradually from the root to the tip along the drainage direction F1, i.e., the direction of fluid discharge. For example, the elastic modulus of the root can be set to 2GPa-3GPa to ensure the stability of the connection with the tube wall and prevent it from falling off due to vibration; while the elastic modulus of the tip decreases to 0.5GPa-1GPa, allowing it to produce a larger deformation under the same vibration excitation. This gradient change is the core structural basis for simulating the directional oscillation of respiratory cilia 2.

[0027] To drive the cilia 2 to oscillate in a directional manner, a vibration device is provided on the drainage tube body 1. Preferably, the vibration device is a frequency-tunable micro piezoelectric element, such as a ring-shaped piezoelectric ceramic sheet or a columnar piezoelectric crystal, which can be installed at the proximal end of the drainage tube body 1, close to the outside of the body. The working principle of the piezoelectric element is based on the piezoelectric effect, that is, when a current of a specific frequency is applied, it will generate reciprocating stretching vibration along the axis of the drainage tube body 1. This vibration is transmitted to the root of the cilia 2 through the tube wall of the drainage tube.

[0028] Specifically, the proximal end of the drainage tube body 1 is provided with an integrated annular mounting seat. The mounting seat is made of the same medical material as the drainage tube body 1. Its inner diameter is consistent with the inner diameter of the drainage tube body 1 to ensure unobstructed flow of accumulated fluid. Its outer diameter is larger than that of the drainage tube body 1, forming an outwardly convex annular platform. A groove adapted to the size of the piezoelectric element is opened on the inner side of the platform. The size of the groove is adapted to the piezoelectric element. The piezoelectric element is embedded in the groove. The piezoelectric element will extend and retract axially in the groove to generate vibration.

[0029] Since the root of ciliary 2 is connected to the inner wall of the drainage tube body 1, the vibration generated by the piezoelectric element will be further transmitted to ciliary 2, causing ciliary 2 to oscillate in the direction of oscillation. Figure 2 The left and right directions are the same as the drainage direction F1. However, the tip of the ciliary 2 has a lower elastic modulus and a more obvious inertial effect, resulting in a larger swaying amplitude as the liquid flows in the drainage tube body 1, thus achieving more efficient cleaning.

[0030] In actual operation, when the vibration device is activated, the piezoelectric element outputs low-frequency vibration. The vibration is transmitted through the wall of the drainage tube body 1 to all the cilia 2. Under the excitation of vibration, the cilia 2 swing directionally along the drainage direction F1. The large-amplitude swing at the tip can efficiently peel off the inflammatory exudate, tissue debris, and initially formed biofilm attached to the tube wall, allowing them to be discharged with the accumulated fluid. At the same time, the directional swing of the cilia 2 also generates an auxiliary thrust on the accumulated fluid in the lumen along the drainage direction F1, which, in conjunction with the drainage, improves the overall drainage efficiency. This solves the problem of blockage caused by the reliance on passive drainage in traditional drainage tubes. Through the synergy of active cleaning and auxiliary drainage, the risk of lumen blockage is significantly reduced, while avoiding the foreign body sensation caused by increasing the lumen diameter, making it more suitable for the recovery needs of postoperative patients.

[0031] See further Figure 2As shown, the structural design of the cilia 2 further adapts to the synergistic requirements of directional oscillation and clean drainage. Functionally differentiated guide surfaces 21 and support surfaces 22 are formed on both sides along the drainage direction F1. The guide surface 21, located upstream of the drainage direction F1, is an arc-shaped surface that bends towards the drainage direction F1, i.e., towards the direction of liquid discharge. This bending shape matches the directional oscillation trajectory of the cilia 2. When the cilia 2 oscillates towards the drainage direction F1, the arc-shaped guide surface 21 reduces the contact resistance with the liquid in the lumen. Simultaneously, the angle formed by the tangent direction of the curved surface and the pipe wall enhances the scraping and stripping effect on the pipe wall deposits, preventing the deposits from being pushed to the opposite side of the drainage direction F1 during the oscillation process.

[0032] The side opposite to the guide surface 21 is the support surface 22. The support surface 22 can be designed as a straight surface or a curved surface consistent with the bending direction of the guide surface 21, depending on the actual use requirements. If a straight surface structure is adopted, it is inclined at an angle of 0°-15° with the axis from the root to the tip of the ciliary 2, which can provide stable support for the directional swing of the ciliary 2, avoid excessive deformation of the ciliary 2 in the opposite direction under vibration excitation, and ensure that the swing direction is always consistent with the drainage direction F1. If a curved surface structure consistent with the bending direction of the guide surface 21 is adopted, the overall shape of the ciliary 2 can better fit the mechanical transmission path during swing, reduce structural fatigue during swing, and further optimize the drainage effect of the accumulated liquid, so that the accumulated liquid can flow more smoothly along the guide surface 21 to the drainage direction F1, and avoid the accumulation of liquid at the root of the ciliary 2.

[0033] The differentiated design of the guide surface 21 and the support surface 22, combined with the characteristics of the gradual reduction in the size of the cilia 2 from the root to the tip and the decrease in the elastic modulus, not only ensures the cleaning efficiency of the cilia 2 when it swings in a directional manner, but also optimizes the smoothness of the liquid flow. At the same time, it improves the structural stability and service life of the cilia 2, and ensures that it can maintain reliable functional output under long-term vibration.

[0034] In a preferred embodiment, a plurality of cilia 2 are all pre-inclined in the drainage direction F1 under natural conditions, with the tilt angle controlled within the range of 5°-30°. This angle range is chosen to suit the flow characteristics of the liquid in the drainage tube and to enhance the initial contact efficiency between the cilia 2 and the deposits on the tube wall. When the tilt angle is less than 5°, the adhesion between the cilia 2 and the tube wall is insufficient, making it difficult to effectively contact the attached deposits; while when it is greater than 30°, it may excessively hinder the flow of the liquid, increasing the drainage resistance. In practical applications, the specific angle can be adjusted according to the diameter of the drainage tube. For example, 10°-15° can be selected when the tube diameter is small, and 20°-30° can be selected when the tube diameter is large, ensuring that the cilia 2 do not interfere with the flow of the liquid and can maximize the coverage of the tube wall surface when directionally oscillating.

[0035] Simultaneously, along the drainage direction F1, i.e., from the proximal end of the tube to the distal end, the length of several cilia 2 gradually increases. Specifically, the length of cilia 2 from the initial end, i.e., the end closest to the body, can be set to 5μm-6μm. As the drainage direction F1 extends by 1cm, the length of cilia 2 increases by 1μm-2μm, and the length of cilia 2 at the distal end, i.e., the end furthest from the body, can reach 8μm-10μm. This design of increasing length is compatible with the deposition pattern of pleural effusion. During the drainage process, inflammatory exudates, tissue debris, and other deposits tend to gradually accumulate distally with the flow. The increased length of the distal cilia 2 can enhance the cleaning ability of high deposition areas; while the shorter length of the proximal cilia 2 can reduce the resistance to the effusion initially entering the lumen, avoiding flow obstruction caused by excessively long cilia 2.

[0036] The pre-set tilt and increasing length design of the cilia 2 work together, combined with the arc-shaped structure and elastic modulus gradient characteristics of its guide surface 21, so that when directional oscillation occurs, the cilia 2 at different positions can form a stepped cleaning trajectory. The short cilia 2 at the proximal end preferentially peel off the light deposits initially attached, while the long cilia 2 at the distal end deeply clean the thicker deposits that have accumulated. This not only avoids mutual interference between the cilia 2, but also achieves full coverage cleaning of the entire inner wall of the lumen, further improving the anti-clogging effect.

[0037] Furthermore, along the drainage direction F1 of the drainage tube body 1, grooves are formed on the inner wall between any two adjacent cilia 2. That is, grooves are formed between two adjacent cilia 2 along the circumference of the drainage tube body 1. The cross-section of the groove is U-shaped or V-shaped, and the depth is 2μm-3μm, which allows at least 1 / 3 of the length of the root of the corresponding cilia 2 to be embedded in it. Here, the corresponding cilia 2 refers to the cilia 2 in front of or behind the groove, so that the cilia 2 has a larger swing angle when vibrating. That is, the root of the cilia 2 can be embedded in the groove to increase the swing amplitude.

[0038] Several trenches are sequentially arranged along the flow direction F1, with the dimensions of the trenches gradually increasing along F1. Specifically, the initial width of the upstream trench is 1μm-1.5μm, and the width increases by 0.2μm-0.3μm for every 1cm extension along F1. This incremental trench width design is compatible with the increasing length characteristics of the cilia 2 and the distribution pattern of the sediments. The distal cilia 2 are longer and require a larger oscillation amplitude; the corresponding increase in trench width can prevent interference between the cilia 2 and with the trench walls during oscillation, and the increased trench width can further provide space to increase the oscillation amplitude.

[0039] The diameter of ciliary 2 is set at 600nm-1000nm. This size range ensures that ciliary 2 has sufficient structural strength to withstand long-term vibration and avoid breakage, while minimizing obstruction to the flow of fluid within the lumen and ensuring smooth drainage. The length of ciliary 2 is controlled at 6μm-10μm. This length is adapted to the inner diameter of the drainage tube, allowing the tip of ciliary 2 to fully contact the tube wall for cleaning during swinging, without causing adjacent ciliary 2 to entangle or excessively block the flow of fluid due to excessive length.

[0040] Meanwhile, the distance between any two adjacent cilia 2 is not less than 2μm, preferably set to 2μm-3μm. This distance design provides sufficient space for the directional oscillation of the cilia 2, avoiding collisions or interference between adjacent cilia 2 during the oscillation process, ensuring that each ciliary 2 can independently and efficiently complete the deposition removal action; in addition, sufficient distance can also form unobstructed gap channels, allowing the removed inflammatory exudates, tissue debris and biofilm fragments to pass smoothly and be discharged with the effusion, avoiding secondary accumulation in the gaps between the cilia 2, and further ensuring the anti-clogging effect of the lumen.

[0041] The vibration device consists of a piezoelectric element and a vibration control module, which are electrically connected by a medical-grade flexible wire. The wire is wrapped with a biocompatible polytetrafluoroethylene insulation layer and has a diameter of only 0.3mm-0.5mm. It extends along the outer wall of the drainage tube body 1, which does not affect the insertion of the drainage tube and can stably transmit electrical signals. The vibration control module is integrated into an external control box at the proximal end of the drainage tube. It contains a microprocessor, a signal generator, and a power management unit. It can output electrical signals of a specific frequency to the piezoelectric element according to preset programs or adjustment commands from medical staff.

[0042] The core function of the vibration control module is to precisely regulate the vibration parameters of the piezoelectric element, with the key being to strictly control the vibration amplitude within the range of 1μm-3μm. This amplitude range has been specifically optimized for clinical scenarios. From a patient safety perspective, the energy of the 1μm-3μm micro-vibration is significantly attenuated when transmitted through the tube wall to the pleural cavity, and will not cause irritation or traction to the fragile postoperative pleural mucosa or surgical wound, thus meeting the patient's postoperative tolerance requirements. From a cleaning efficiency perspective, this amplitude is sufficient to drive the cilia 2 to produce effective directional oscillation. Combined with the characteristic that the elastic modulus of the cilia 2 decreases from the root to the tip, the tip can form an oscillation amplitude of 3μm-5μm under this vibration excitation, which precisely covers the deposit adhesion layer on the tube wall surface, achieving efficient peeling. At the same time, this amplitude is adapted to the length and adjacent spacing of the cilia 2, which can avoid excessive collision between the cilia 2 and the tube wall or adjacent cilia 2 during oscillation, reduce structural wear, and ensure stability during long-term use.

[0043] Furthermore, this device is also equipped with a resistance sensor, which is used to detect the liquid inside the drainage tube body 1 in real time. Preferably, the sensor is a miniature piezoresistive pressure sensor, which is biocompatible and resistant to body fluid corrosion, thereby accurately capturing the resistance changes when the liquid flows in the tube.

[0044] The sensor is embedded in the middle section of the inner wall of the drainage tube body 1, specifically 5cm-6cm from the proximal end. This location is a critical area where deposits easily accumulate. Its sensing surface is flush with the inner surface of the tube wall, ensuring it doesn't protrude and obstruct fluid flow while directly contacting the flowing pleural effusion, thus guaranteeing accurate signal detection. The sensor is sealed to the drainage tube body 1 using medical-grade silicone, with the sealing edge fused to the tube wall to prevent fluid from seeping into the sensor and affecting its performance.

[0045] The sensor is electrically connected to the vibration control module of the vibration device through a thin-diameter shielded wire. The wire is arranged in parallel with the power supply line of the vibration device along the inner wall of the drainage tube body 1, and the whole does not occupy the effective flow space of the tube cavity.

[0046] Its working logic is as follows: when there are no obvious deposits on the inner wall of the drainage tube body 1, the flow of the accumulated fluid is smooth and the fluid resistance is small. The pressure signal detected by the sensor is within the preset threshold range. At this time, the vibration control module maintains the basic vibration parameters of the piezoelectric element. When deposits or biofilms appear on the tube wall, causing the lumen to narrow, the flow resistance of the accumulated fluid increases. The pressure signal detected by the sensor exceeds the threshold and immediately sends a feedback signal to the vibration control module. After receiving the signal, the control module automatically adjusts the vibration parameters of the piezoelectric element, which can increase the amplitude and frequency, enhance the directional oscillation force of the cilia 2, and quickly remove the deposits. When the deposits are removed and the fluid resistance drops to within the threshold, the sensor feedback signal returns to normal, and the vibration control module automatically adjusts the parameters back to the basic state.

[0047] This allows resistance detection and vibration adjustment to form a closed-loop control, dynamically matching the working state of the vibration device with the actual risk of blockage inside the tube. This avoids unnecessary stimulation to the patient from continuous high-intensity vibration, and can enhance the cleaning effect in the early stages of blockage, further improving the intelligence and reliability of the drainage tube.

[0048] Furthermore, the surface of the ciliary 2 is further provided with a functional coating. Depending on clinical needs, either a hydrophilic coating or an antibacterial coating can be selected. Both coatings are made of biocompatible materials and are attached to the surface of the ciliary 2 through low-temperature plasma-assisted deposition or dip coating processes. This does not change the original dimensional parameters of the ciliary 2, nor does it affect its elastic modulus gradient characteristics and directional swing flexibility.

[0049] Preferably, the hydrophilic coating can be made of medical-grade polyethylene glycol derivatives or modified chitosan materials, with a surface water contact angle ≤15°, which can form a continuous and stable water film on the surface of the cilia 2. When pleural effusion flows through, the water film can reduce the direct contact between inflammatory exudates, tissue debris and other deposits and the surface of the cilia 2, reducing the probability of adsorption; at the same time, the hydrophilic surface can enhance the fluidity of the effusion between the cilia 2, and with the directional oscillation of the cilia 2, the detached deposits are more easily discharged with the effusion, reducing retention on the surface of the cilia 2.

[0050] Preferably, the antibacterial coating can be made of silver ion-doped hydroxyapatite or drug-loaded antimicrobial peptides. Such coatings can significantly reduce the bacterial colonization rate on the surface of the cilia 2 by disrupting bacterial cell membranes and inhibiting bacterial metabolism, thus blocking the basis for biofilm formation at the source. Even if a small number of bacteria adhere, they can be quickly killed by the coating. Combined with the physical peeling effect of the cilia 2, this further reduces the risk of lumen blockage and infection.

[0051] Postoperative anti-reflux self-cleaning drainage tube also includes an anti-reflux structure 3, see [link / reference] Figure 3 As shown, the structure is integrated into the middle section of the drainage tube body 1, and consists of a tubular part 31 and several valves 32.

[0052] The tubular part 31 is made of the same medical material as the drainage tube body 1. Its inner diameter is consistent with that of the drainage tube body 1 to ensure the continuity of the flow port of the accumulated fluid. Preferably, it is coaxially connected to the lumen of the drainage tube body 1 by a hot melt welding process. The inner wall of the connection is smoothly transitioned without protrusions or sharp edges to avoid forming dead corners for fluid retention.

[0053] Several valves 32, preferably 3-6, are provided, the number adapted to the inner diameter of the tubular portion 31, and are evenly distributed circumferentially along the inner wall of the tubular portion 31, with equal angles between adjacent valves 32. The valves 32 are made of medical-grade flexible silicone with a thickness of 0.1mm-0.2mm, possessing good elastic recovery, allowing them to deform flexibly under pressure and quickly return to their original position after pressure is released. Each valve 32 has a fixed end and a free end. The fixed end is bonded to the inner wall of the tubular portion 31 with medical-grade UV-curing adhesive to ensure it does not detach during long-term use. The free end, opposite the fixed end, extends towards the central axis of the tubular portion 31, and the free ends of several valves 32 approach each other radially along the tubular portion 31, with the edges of the free ends of adjacent valves 32 tightly abutting each other, together forming a complete closed surface that completely seals the lumen of the tubular portion 31.

[0054] Specifically, each valve 32 is tilted towards the drainage direction F1, i.e., the direction of fluid outflow, at an angle of 15°-25°. This angle design provides the valve 32 with a unidirectional ductal structure in its natural state. Simultaneously, the closed surface formed by several valves 32 protrudes towards the drainage direction F1, forming an arc-shaped surface. The working logic of this structure is as follows: when the fluid flows in the positive direction of drainage F1, the fluid pressure acts on the inner side of the valve 32 facing the drainage direction F1, pushing the valve 32 to bend and deform towards the drainage direction F1. Figure 3 As shown, the free ends are separated from each other, and the closed surface opens to form a channel to ensure smooth passage of effusion. When effusion tends to reflux due to changes in body position, coughing, etc., the reflux pressure acts on the outside of valve 32, that is, the side opposite to the drainage direction F1, pushing the free ends of several valves 32 further closer to the central axis, making the edges fit more tightly, and the closed surface quickly returns to the blocked state, completely sealing the lumen of the tubular part 31, thereby blocking the reflux path and preventing effusion carrying bacteria from flowing back into the pleural cavity.

[0055] In addition, the edges of valve 32 are rounded, which not only enhances the fit and seal with adjacent valves 32, but also avoids edge wear caused by long-term opening and closing, ensuring the long-term reliability of the anti-reflux structure 3. Together with the self-cleaning function of the drainage tube, it further reduces the risk of postoperative infection.

[0056] Since this application is for postoperative recovery, the material of the drainage tube body 1 is selected from biocompatible materials that meet medical standards. Specifically, it can be one of medical-grade silicone, polyvinyl chloride (PVC), or polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), or a composite structure of the above materials, to adapt to the physiological environment and drainage needs of the postoperative pleural cavity. Among them, medical-grade silicone has excellent flexibility and tissue compatibility, which can reduce mechanical stimulation to the pleural mucosa and is suitable for long-term placement; polyvinyl chloride (PVC) has moderate mechanical strength, low cost, and is easy to process and mold. The softness can be adjusted by adding plasticizers to adapt to the tolerance needs of different patients; polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) has extremely strong chemical stability and surface non-stickiness, which can reduce the initial adhesion of deposits in the effusion, while also being resistant to body fluid corrosion and having a longer service life. In practical applications, the composite structure can combine the advantages of multiple materials. For example, silicone can be used as the inner layer to directly contact the effusion and improve compatibility; PTFE can be used as the outer layer to enhance the strength of the tube body and reduce external friction loss; or silicone microparticles can be composited in the PVC substrate to balance flexibility and strength.

[0057] The cilia 2 on the inner wall are fixed by chemical grafting or physical deposition to ensure a stable connection with the drainage tube body 1, preventing them from falling off under long-term vibration or liquid erosion. Neither fixing method introduces harmful residues, ensuring both the stability of the cilia 2 structure and the overall safety of the drainage tube body 1. Together with the directional oscillation function driven by the vibration device, it achieves a long-term reliable self-cleaning effect.

[0058] The embodiments described in this specific implementation are preferred embodiments of this application and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, all equivalent changes made in accordance with the structure, shape and principle of this application should be covered within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. A postoperative anti-reflux self-cleaning drainage tube, comprising a drainage tube body (1), for drainage after lobectomy, characterized in that, The inner wall of the drainage tube body (1) is covered with a number of cilia (2). The cilia (2) surround the inner wall of the drainage tube body (1) in the circumferential direction and are arranged in the circumferential direction of the drainage tube body (1) to simulate the directional oscillation of respiratory cilia (2). The drainage tube body (1) is equipped with a vibration device, which causes the cilia (2) to oscillate in a directional manner. The direction of the directional oscillation is the same as the drainage direction (F1) of the drainage tube body (1). The size of the cilia (2) gradually decreases from the root to the tip. The elastic modulus of the cilia (2) decreases in a gradient from the root to the tip along the drainage direction (F1).

2. The postoperative anti-reflux self-cleaning drainage tube according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cilia (2) have a guide surface (21) located upstream of the flow direction (F1) and a support surface (22) opposite to the guide surface (21). The guide surface (21) is a curved surface that bends toward the flow direction (F1), and the support surface (22) is a straight surface or a curved surface that is consistent with the bending direction of the guide surface (21).

3. The postoperative anti-reflux self-cleaning drainage tube according to claim 2, characterized in that, Several of the cilia (2) are inclined at a preset angle of 5°-30° towards the drainage direction (F1); the length of the cilia (2) gradually increases along the drainage direction (F1).

4. The postoperative anti-reflux self-cleaning drainage tube according to claim 2, characterized in that, Along the drainage direction (F1), grooves are provided on the inner wall of the drainage tube body (1) between any two adjacent cilia (2), and at least a portion of the root of the cilia (2) is embedded in the grooves. A plurality of grooves are provided along the drainage direction (F1), and the width of the plurality of grooves gradually increases along the drainage direction (F1).

5. The postoperative anti-reflux self-cleaning drainage tube according to claim 1, characterized in that, The diameter of the cilia (2) is 600nm-1000nm, the length of the cilia (2) is 6μm-10μm, and the distance between two adjacent cilia (2) is not less than 2μm.

6. The postoperative anti-reflux self-cleaning drainage tube according to claim 1, characterized in that, The vibration device includes a piezoelectric element and a vibration control module. The vibration control module is electrically connected to the piezoelectric element and controls the piezoelectric element to output a vibration amplitude of 1μm-3μm.

7. The postoperative anti-reflux self-cleaning drainage tube according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a sensor for detecting the internal liquid resistance of the drainage tube body (1), the sensor being connected to the drainage tube body (1) and electrically connected to the vibration device.

8. The postoperative anti-reflux self-cleaning drainage tube according to claim 1, characterized in that, The surface of the cilia (2) is provided with a hydrophilic coating or an antibacterial coating.

9. The postoperative anti-reflux self-cleaning drainage tube according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes an anti-reflux structure (3), which includes a tubular part (31) and a plurality of valves (32). The tubular part (31) is connected to the drainage tube body (1). The plurality of valves (32) are evenly distributed circumferentially along the inner wall of the tubular part (31). Each valve (32) has a fixed end connected to the tubular part (31) and a free end away from the fixed end. The free ends of the plurality of valves (32) approach each other radially along the tubular part (31). Each valve (32) abuts against the adjacent valve (32). The plurality of valves (32) surround to form a closed surface to block the lumen of the tubular part (31). Each valve (32) is inclined toward the drainage direction (F1), and the closed surface protrudes toward the drainage direction (F1).

10. The postoperative anti-reflux self-cleaning drainage tube according to claim 1, characterized in that, The drainage tube body (1) is made of one or more composite materials of medical grade silicone, polyvinyl chloride or polytetrafluoroethylene, and the cilia (2) array is fixed to the inner wall of the drainage tube body (1) by chemical grafting or physical deposition.

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