Intelligent control system for wind-solar hydrogen production

Abstract

The invention provides a wind-solar hydrogen production intelligent control system, and relates to the technical field of electric power, and the system comprises an energy input module which is used for collecting and obtaining a hydrogen production power prediction sequence in real time; the control instruction module is used for obtaining a maximum absorption electrolytic bath state prediction table through the hydrogen production power prediction sequence by utilizing a maximum absorption algorithm; utilizing a minimum action algorithm to obtain a minimum action electrolytic bath state prediction table through the hydrogen production power prediction sequence; obtaining a performance index through the maximum consumption expected income and the minimum action expected income; using the maximum consumption electrolytic bath state prediction table or the minimum action electrolytic bath state prediction table as a target electrolytic bath state prediction table through performance indexes; and the energy conversion and storage module is used for controlling hydrogen conversion and storage according to the target electrolytic cell state prediction table. According to the invention, the load distribution efficiency is improved, and meanwhile, a wind-solar hydrogen production unified scheduling mechanism is realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of power technology, and more specifically, to an intelligent control system for wind and solar hydrogen production. Background Technology

[0002] A wind-solar hydrogen production system refers to an integrated energy system that uses renewable energy sources such as wind and / or solar power to generate electricity, and then directly or indirectly uses the generated electricity to produce hydrogen through water electrolysis. Wind-solar hydrogen production systems can achieve green hydrogen production and promote energy transition. With technological advancements and cost reductions, wind-solar hydrogen production will play an increasingly important role in the future energy system.

[0003] However, since hydrogen production from wind and solar power depends on the weather, and the start-up and shutdown of electrolyzers takes tens of minutes or even hours, the response lags behind changes in wind and solar power when the weather changes, and the frequent start-up and shutdown of electrolyzers results in significant losses. In addition, in scenarios with multiple electrolyzers, the lack of a unified state allocation and switching logic often leads to uneven load distribution. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The present invention aims to solve at least one of the above-mentioned problems.

[0005] This invention provides a smart control system for wind and solar hydrogen production, comprising: The energy input module is used to acquire the hydrogen production power prediction sequence in real time. The control instruction module is used to obtain the maximum absorption electrolyzer state prediction table through the hydrogen production power prediction sequence using the maximum absorption algorithm; The maximum expected revenue from maximum absorption is obtained based on the maximum absorption electrolytic cell status prediction table. The minimum action algorithm is used to obtain the minimum action electrolyzer state prediction table through the hydrogen production power prediction sequence; The expected return for the minimum action is obtained based on the minimum action electrolyzer state prediction table. Performance metrics are obtained by using the maximum expected revenue from absorption and the minimum expected revenue from action. The maximum absorption electrolytic cell state prediction table or the minimum operation electrolytic cell state prediction table is used as the target electrolytic cell state prediction table based on the performance indicators. An energy conversion and storage module is used to control hydrogen conversion and storage based on the target electrolyzer state prediction table.

[0006] Optionally, the step of using the maximum absorption algorithm to obtain the maximum absorption electrolyzer state prediction table through the hydrogen production power prediction sequence includes: An initial electrolyzer state prediction table is obtained based on the hydrogen production power prediction sequence, wherein the initial electrolyzer prediction table and the hydrogen production power prediction sequence have the same dimension. The minimum necessary number of cells corresponding to each prediction sequence point is obtained by traversing the initial electrolytic cell state prediction table. When the minimum necessary number of cells is different between the predicted sequence point and the previous predicted sequence point, the power of the electrolyzers at the predicted sequence point is allocated using a priority sorting mechanism, and the maximum absorption electrolyzer state prediction table is obtained by traversing all the predicted sequence points.

[0007] Optionally, the step of obtaining the minimum-action electrolyzer state prediction table using the hydrogen production power prediction sequence through the minimum-action algorithm includes: An initial electrolyzer state prediction table is obtained based on the hydrogen production power prediction sequence, wherein the initial electrolyzer prediction table and the hydrogen production power prediction sequence have the same dimension. The hydrogen production power of each predicted sequence point is obtained by traversing the initial electrolyzer state prediction table. When the hydrogen production power of the predicted sequence point is greater than the total power consumption range, the power is allocated to each electrolyzer at the predicted sequence point using a priority sorting mechanism, and the minimum operating electrolyzer state prediction table is obtained by traversing all the predicted sequence points.

[0008] Optionally, the step of allocating power to each electrolyzer at the predicted sequence point using a priority ranking mechanism includes: Obtain a power allocation strategy, wherein the power allocation strategy includes an optimal working efficiency strategy and a weight allocation strategy; When the power allocation strategy is the optimal working efficiency strategy, the power allocation of each electrolytic cell at the predicted sequence point is performed using the one-way lobe flag or the inverse flag. When the power allocation strategy is the weight allocation strategy, power is allocated to each electrolytic cell of the predicted sequence point according to the preset weight.

[0009] Optionally, the step of using the maximum absorption electrolyzer state prediction table or the minimum operating electrolyzer state prediction table as the target electrolyzer state prediction table through the performance indicators includes: When the performance index is greater than the index threshold, the maximum absorption electrolytic cell state prediction table is used as the target electrolytic cell state prediction table. The performance indicators include: J=AB, Wherein, J is the performance index, A is the maximum expected revenue from absorption, and B is the minimum expected revenue from action; When the performance index is less than or equal to the index threshold, the minimum action electrolytic cell state prediction table is used as the target electrolytic cell state prediction table.

[0010] Optionally, the energy conversion and storage module includes an electrolysis hydrogen production unit and a hydrogen storage unit; The electrolytic hydrogen production unit is used to control the hydrogen production operation status of multiple electrolyzers according to the target electrolyzer status prediction table to produce hydrogen through electrolysis. The hydrogen storage unit is used to control hydrogen storage according to the target electrolyzer state prediction table.

[0011] Optionally, the hydrogen production operating states include a hot standby state, an operating state, and a non-operating state. The step of controlling the hydrogen production operating states of multiple electrolyzers according to the target electrolyzer state prediction table to produce hydrogen through electrolysis includes: Based on the target electrolyzer state prediction table, multiple electrolyzers are controlled to switch between the hot standby state, the operating state, and the non-operating state to produce hydrogen through electrolysis.

[0012] Optionally, the energy conversion and storage module further includes an energy storage unit for controlling charging or discharging based on the target electrolyzer state prediction table.

[0013] Optionally, the wind-solar hydrogen production intelligent control system also includes a power grid for acquiring or uploading electricity.

[0014] Optionally, the wind-solar hydrogen production intelligent control system also includes a hydrogen utilization unit, used to represent production lines that use hydrogen as a raw material for chemical synthesis.

[0015] The beneficial effects of the wind-solar-hydrogen intelligent control system of this invention are as follows: The energy input module acquires the hydrogen production power prediction sequence in real time, providing feedforward information for subsequent scheduling. The control command module uses the maximum absorption algorithm to obtain the maximum absorption electrolyzer state prediction table, ensuring maximum utilization of renewable energy. The minimum action algorithm is used to obtain the minimum action electrolyzer state prediction table, reducing the number of electrolyzer start-ups and shutdowns and the frequency of scheduling actions, thus reducing losses from frequent start-ups and shutdowns. Performance indicators are obtained by comparing the benefits of the two algorithms, and the results of the two algorithms are selected to obtain the target electrolyzer state prediction table, achieving an optimized effect that balances energy absorption and equipment lifespan. The energy conversion and storage module controls hydrogen conversion and storage according to the target electrolyzer state prediction table, improving load allocation efficiency and realizing a unified scheduling mechanism for wind-solar-hydrogen production. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a wind-solar hydrogen production intelligent control system according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a flowchart illustrating a maximum absorption algorithm according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a flowchart illustrating a minimum action algorithm according to an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0017] To make the above-mentioned objects, features, and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Although some embodiments of the present invention are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the present invention can be implemented in various forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided to provide a more thorough and complete understanding of the present invention. It should be understood that the accompanying drawings and embodiments of the present invention are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0018] It should be understood that the various steps described in the method embodiments of the present invention may be performed in different orders and / or in parallel. Furthermore, the method embodiments may include additional steps and / or omit the steps shown. The scope of the present invention is not limited in this respect.

[0019] The term "comprising" and its variations as used herein are open-ended, meaning "including but not limited to"; the term "based on" means "at least partially based on"; the term "one embodiment" means "at least one embodiment"; the term "another embodiment" means "at least one additional embodiment"; the term "some embodiments" means "at least some embodiments"; and the term "optionally" means "optional embodiments". Definitions of other terms will be given in the following description. It should be noted that the concepts of "first," "second," etc., mentioned in this invention are used only to distinguish different devices, modules, or units, and are not intended to limit the order of functions performed by these devices, modules, or units or their interdependencies.

[0020] It should be noted that the terms "a" and "a plurality of" used in this invention are illustrative rather than restrictive. Those skilled in the art should understand that, unless otherwise expressly indicated in the context, they should be understood as "one or more".

[0021] like Figure 1 As shown in the figure, an intelligent control system for wind and solar hydrogen production provided by an embodiment of the present invention includes: The energy input module is used to acquire the hydrogen production power prediction sequence in real time.

[0022] Specifically, the energy input module is adapted to renewable energy input scenarios, including but not limited to: a photovoltaic input subsystem, which converts solar radiation energy into DC power through a photovoltaic array, with conversion efficiency following the photoelectric effect equation; and a wind power input subsystem, which converts wind kinetic energy into AC power through a wind turbine, with power output characteristics conforming to the Betz limit theory. A hydrogen production power prediction sequence table is provided, which must include at least the hydrogen production power obtained from wind or photovoltaic conversion over the most recent 24 hours. The sampling interval of the hydrogen production sequence can be longer than the sampling interval of the real-time control section. For example, using a 15-minute interval for the prediction sequence, a hydrogen production power prediction sequence containing 96 sampling points can be obtained within 24 hours. Taking photovoltaic as an example, the photovoltaic power prediction for the next 24 hours can be obtained from the local weather station, typically with ultra-short-term (within 24 hours), short-term (7 days), and long-term (30 days) time scales, to obtain the hydrogen production power prediction sequence. The hydrogen production power is the main parameter used in subsequent power allocation and electrolyzer start-up and shutdown control problems.

[0023] The control instruction module is used to obtain the maximum absorption electrolyzer state prediction table through the hydrogen production power prediction sequence using the maximum absorption algorithm; The maximum expected revenue from maximum absorption is obtained based on the maximum absorption electrolytic cell status prediction table. The minimum action algorithm is used to obtain the minimum action electrolyzer state prediction table through the hydrogen production power prediction sequence; The expected return for the minimum action is obtained based on the minimum action electrolyzer state prediction table. Performance metrics are obtained by using the maximum expected revenue from absorption and the minimum expected revenue from action. The maximum absorption capacity electrolytic cell state prediction table or the minimum operating capacity electrolytic cell state prediction table is used as the target electrolytic cell state prediction table based on the performance indicators.

[0024] Specifically, the control command module is responsible for the overall control and scheduling of the entire process. From a control cycle perspective, in the long cycle, it schedules the energy conversion and storage modules, predicts future equipment states, provides operating commands, and sets the rotation sequence of the electrolyzers. In the short cycle (second-level units), it distributes hydrogen production power to all working electrolyzers in real time and is responsible for operating the start and stop commands of the electrolyzers, as well as the state transitions of the electrolyzers.

[0025] An energy conversion and storage module is used to control hydrogen conversion and storage based on the target electrolyzer state prediction table.

[0026] Specifically, the equipment typically used for hydrogen electrolysis is an alkaline electrolyzer, which is also compatible with proton exchange membrane electrolyzers and other electrolyzers. Multiple electrolyzers are controlled based on a target electrolyzer state prediction table to achieve hydrogen conversion and storage. Taking the alkaline electrolyzer, which has the highest market share, as an example, this process uses an alkaline electrolyte (such as 30... Water decomposes in KOH solution. At the cathode, water molecules are reduced to produce hydrogen gas and hydroxide ions. The anodic oxidation of OH⁻ produces oxygen and water. According to statistics, the operating temperature of the alkaline electrolytic cell used in the project is 93°C. 5 The operating pressure is 1.5-2.5 MPa (rated pressure 1.8 MPa), the cold start time is approximately 1-2 hours, the hot start time is approximately 5-15 minutes, and the hydrogen production rate is approximately 1000 Nm³ / h. Multiple electrolyzers are controlled according to the target electrolyzer status prediction table to achieve hydrogen conversion and storage.

[0027] In some more specific embodiments, a target electrolytic cell state prediction table is input. In each real-time control cycle, the current state of the operating electrolytic cell is compared with the predicted state at the time indicated by the first prediction sequence. If the actual state and the predicted state match expectations, an action countdown is initiated. When the countdown ends, the corresponding command is automatically sent. Furthermore, at any time and in any state, manual intervention with start / stop commands is possible, including but not limited to immediately starting, stopping, or immediately executing a certain mode for state transition. Commands are sent via DSC to drive the actual actuators to perform actions. Based on the target electrolytic cell state prediction table, mode calculation is performed. If a change occurs between two consecutive prediction sampling points, the mode that satisfies the state change is calculated, and the time point for starting the execution of that mode is deduced. The time difference between the time shown in the current real-time control cycle and the time point for starting the mode execution is calculated as the countdown for the action; this set of countdowns serves as the basis for real-time control.

[0028] In this embodiment, the energy input module acquires the hydrogen production power prediction sequence in real time, providing feedforward information for subsequent scheduling. The control command module uses the maximum absorption algorithm to obtain the maximum absorption electrolyzer state prediction table, which ensures the maximization of renewable energy utilization. The minimum action algorithm is used to obtain the minimum action electrolyzer state prediction table, which reduces the number of electrolyzer start-ups and shutdowns and the frequency of scheduling actions, thus reducing losses from frequent start-ups and shutdowns. Performance indicators are obtained by comparing the benefits of the two algorithms, and the results of the two algorithms are selected to obtain the target electrolyzer state prediction table, achieving an optimization effect that balances energy absorption and equipment lifespan. The energy conversion and storage module controls hydrogen conversion and storage according to the target electrolyzer state prediction table, improving load allocation efficiency and realizing a unified scheduling mechanism for wind, solar, and hydrogen production.

[0029] Optionally, such as Figure 2 As shown, the method of using the maximum absorption algorithm to obtain the maximum absorption electrolyzer state prediction table through the hydrogen production power prediction sequence includes: An initial electrolyzer state prediction table is obtained based on the hydrogen production power prediction sequence, wherein the initial electrolyzer prediction table and the hydrogen production power prediction sequence have the same dimension. The minimum necessary number of cells corresponding to each prediction sequence point is obtained by traversing the initial electrolytic cell state prediction table. When the minimum necessary number of cells is different between the predicted sequence point and the previous predicted sequence point, the power of the electrolyzers at the predicted sequence point is allocated using a priority sorting mechanism, and the maximum absorption electrolyzer state prediction table is obtained by traversing all the predicted sequence points.

[0030] Specifically, the hydrogen production power prediction sequence is input, and the initial electrolyzer status prediction table is iterated. At each prediction sequence point, the minimum necessary number of cells to fully absorb the hydrogen production power is calculated, ensuring that the hydrogen production power can be fully absorbed at any given time. Then, unreasonable transitions are analyzed, such as an electrolyzer shutting down and immediately restarting from hot standby due to a "high-low-high" hydrogen production power fluctuation, or a electrolyzer shutting down rapidly from cold standby in the next prediction cycle after a cold standby start-up due to a "low-high-low" hydrogen production power fluctuation. In these cases, energy storage components need to be considered; the surplus power can be used to charge the energy storage components, or the energy storage components can be discharged to supplement part of the hydrogen production power. When the minimum necessary number of cells changes between two consecutive prediction sequence points, the specific cell to be started needs to be determined based on priority. The order of cell shutdown can be the reverse priority order or the electrolyzer with the lowest current operating power. After traversing all prediction sequences, the state of each electrolyzer at each prediction sequence point can be obtained, the initial electrolyzer state prediction table can be updated, and finally the maximum absorption electrolyzer state prediction table can be output.

[0031] Optionally, such as Figure 3 As shown, the process of obtaining a minimum-action electrolyzer state prediction table using the minimum-action algorithm through the hydrogen production power prediction sequence includes: An initial electrolyzer state prediction table is obtained based on the hydrogen production power prediction sequence, wherein the initial electrolyzer prediction table and the hydrogen production power prediction sequence have the same dimension. The hydrogen production power of each predicted sequence point is obtained by traversing the initial electrolyzer state prediction table. When the hydrogen production power of the predicted sequence point is greater than the total power consumption range, the power is allocated to each electrolyzer at the predicted sequence point using a priority sorting mechanism, and the minimum operating electrolyzer state prediction table is obtained by traversing all the predicted sequence points.

[0032] Specifically, the hydrogen production power prediction sequence is input, and the hydrogen production power at each prediction sequence point is obtained. It is then determined whether the hydrogen production power at each sequence point is greater than the total power consumption range. If the hydrogen production power at a sequence point is greater than the total power consumption range, a priority sorting mechanism is used to allocate power to each electrolyzer at the prediction sequence point. At this time, changes in hydrogen production power may cause the operating power of some electrolyzers to be lower or higher than their edge power. To meet all hard constraints, the number of electrolyzers needs to be adjusted according to priority. This type of adjustment is called the minimum necessary action. Energy storage elements can also be considered at this time; surplus power can be used to charge energy storage elements, or energy storage elements can be used to discharge to supplement part of the hydrogen production power, avoiding unreasonable transitions. Otherwise, the current number of cells is maintained, reducing start-up and shutdown actions. The initial electrolyzer state prediction table is updated, and the minimum action electrolyzer state prediction table is finally output.

[0033] Optionally, the step of allocating power to each electrolyzer at the predicted sequence point using a priority ranking mechanism includes: Obtain a power allocation strategy, wherein the power allocation strategy includes an optimal working efficiency strategy and a weight allocation strategy; When the power allocation strategy is the optimal working efficiency strategy, the power allocation of each electrolytic cell at the predicted sequence point is performed using the one-way lobe flag or the inverse flag. When the power allocation strategy is the weight allocation strategy, power is allocated to each electrolytic cell of the predicted sequence point according to the preset weight.

[0034] In some more specific embodiments, real-time hydrogen production power and the status of each working electrolyzer are acquired, including but not limited to: real-time hydrogen production power, energy storage unit discharge power (optional), current real-time power, optimal operating power, edge power limits, power allocation weight, and status flags for each cell, including a reciprocal flag and a one-way lobe flag. Safety constraint checks are performed, such as measuring the hydrogen concentration in oxygen. If the measured concentration approaches safety limits, safety measures are required. Safety measures typically involve lowering the optimal power or power allocation weight. In severe cases, the configured operating mode is changed to manual, requiring on-site operator intervention. Power allocation measurement and configuration items select the optimal efficiency strategy or weight allocation strategy based on the flags. Based on the real-time power of the electrolyzer, the electrolyzer's operating status is divided into four states: a first state outside the edge power; a second state between the edge lower limit and the optimal operating power; a third state within a neighborhood of the optimal operating power; and a fourth state between the optimal operating power and the edge power upper limit. The electrolytic cells used in the project have a maximum output power of 6.083MW and an optimal operating power of 5.264MW. The neighborhood refers to the range of values ​​within three increments. The range.

[0035] The weighted allocation strategy ignores the optimal power and only uses edge power as a constraint, allocating hydrogen production power increments to all operating cells according to their weights. Based on the optimal efficiency allocation strategy, the calculation method is checked according to flag bits: The one-way lobe flag determines whether, when the total hydrogen production power increases, the allocated power of some electrolyzers should decrease (or vice versa). For example, when the total power increment is positive, the power of a certain cell is adjusted so that its state decreases from the fourth state to the second state. The reciprocal flag determines the priority order for allocating hydrogen production power increments: third state > second state > fourth state > first state (i.e., prioritizing cells closest to the optimal operating power); or vice versa: first state > fourth state > second state > third state (i.e., prioritizing cells furthest from the optimal operating power). The reciprocal flag determines which type of electrolyzer is prioritized when allocating power increments. When OFF, the algorithm prioritizes allocating power to electrolyzers closest to the optimal operating area, aiming to keep as many devices as possible operating at maximum efficiency. When ON, it prioritizes adjusting the electrolyzers furthest from the optimal operating area. Its purpose may be to quickly correct the most suboptimal operating conditions of equipment, or, under certain strategies, to balance equipment load and prevent some equipment from remaining in an undesirable state for extended periods. The one-way lobe flag determines whether the power change direction of a single electrolyzer must be consistent with the total power change direction when adjusting power. When ON, if the total hydrogen production power in this cycle increases (i.e., the increment is positive), then the power of each participating electrolyzer can only increase or remain unchanged, and cannot decrease. The reverse is also true. When OFF, even if the total power increases, the algorithm can reduce the power of an electrolyzer in an inefficient region (e.g., above optimal power) while allocating more power increments to electrolyzers in an efficient region (e.g., below optimal power).

[0036] The process involves handling surplus power, which includes any excess power that should have been allocated to each cell but exceeded the boundary power, as well as any unallocated increments. If there are N working electrolytic cells, theoretically, at most N-1 rounds of surplus power handling will be performed. The surplus power handling employs an iterative equal-distribution strategy, filtering cells that have not reached the edge power; calculating the average surplus; and allocating the surplus according to priority. If any cell reaches the edge power during the allocation process, the surplus is recalculated. Otherwise, the process terminates when the surplus power approaches zero, or all cells approach the edge power. If the cell is in a charging cycle and the remaining surplus power is not zero, it is used to charge the cell. If the cell is in a discharging cycle and the remaining surplus power is not zero, the remaining surplus power is used to power the grid or for wind and solar power curtailment.

[0037] In this optional embodiment, two allocation modes are designed, and margin iteration processing and safety constraint checks (such as monitoring hydrogen concentration in oxygen and emergency downsizing) are set to ensure that real-time power allocation is both efficient and meets safety requirements.

[0038] Optionally, the step of using the maximum absorption electrolyzer state prediction table or the minimum operating electrolyzer state prediction table as the target electrolyzer state prediction table through the performance indicators includes: When the performance index is greater than the index threshold, the maximum absorption electrolytic cell state prediction table is used as the target electrolytic cell state prediction table. The performance indicators include: J=AB, Wherein, J is the performance index, A is the maximum expected revenue from absorption, and B is the minimum expected revenue from action; When the performance index is less than or equal to the index threshold, the minimum action electrolytic cell state prediction table is used as the target electrolytic cell state prediction table.

[0039] Specifically, hydrogen production revenue is the primary source of income, and some owners may only focus on it, in which case the revenue metric is equivalent to the amount of hydrogen produced. The calculation is based on either the maximum capacity electrolyzer state prediction table or the minimum operating electrolyzer state prediction table; different algorithms may output different predicted states for the same time series. When calculating the expected revenue from maximum capacity utilization, the total operating time of each electrolyzer is calculated based on the maximum capacity electrolyzer state prediction table. Combined with the hydrogen production power prediction sequence for each time point, the power allocated to each operating electrolyzer can be calculated. Based on the efficiency curve of the electrolyzer (converting electrical power into hydrogen production, data usually provided by the electrolyzer manufacturer), the hydrogen production for each time period is calculated. The total hydrogen production is obtained by summing the hydrogen production of all operating electrolyzers over the entire prediction period. The product of the total hydrogen production and the market price per unit of hydrogen is the revenue from hydrogen production.

[0040] When wind and solar power output exceeds the absorption capacity of hydrogen production and energy storage units, the excess electricity can be sold to the grid for revenue. Based on the maximum absorption capacity electrolyzer status prediction table, the following calculation is performed at each prediction point: Grid-connected power = Predicted total power - Power allocated to electrolyzers - Energy storage unit charging power. If the grid-connected power is greater than 0, it is considered that some electricity has been sold to the grid. Grid-connected electricity sales revenue = Total grid-connected electricity volume × Grid-connected electricity price.

[0041] Start-up and shutdown costs are calculated by analyzing the maximum capacity electrolyzer state prediction table and counting the number and type of state switching for each electrolyzer within the prediction period. This includes, for example, the number of cold starts from inactivity to operation, the number of hot starts from standby to operation, and the number of various shutdown modes. Different switching modes have different costs; for example, cold starts cause significantly more equipment wear and tear than hot starts. The start-up and shutdown cost is calculated as follows: Start-up and shutdown cost = Σ(Number of occurrences of mode F × Loss coefficient × Single loss cost of mode F). The single loss cost is the total electricity cost consumed from the start to the end of the mode. Furthermore, since it is difficult to calculate the equivalent depreciation cost of a single start-up / shutdown or mode switch for an electrolyzer, a loss coefficient is typically used to amplify the single loss cost.

[0042] To calculate the hot standby cost, the total time each electrolytic cell is in "hot standby" status is calculated from the maximum capacity electrolytic cell status prediction table. Hot standby cost = Σ(total hot standby time of each electrolytic cell × hot standby power × electricity price).

[0043] Calculate the cost of electricity purchase. When wind and solar power are insufficient, but to maintain production or avoid electrolyzer shutdowns, it may be necessary to purchase electricity from the grid. Obtain the status of the energy storage unit at various times; when the energy storage unit is in the discharging state, and the required power is greater than (predicted total power + energy storage dischargeable power), it is necessary to purchase electricity from the grid. The cost of electricity purchase = total purchased electricity × electricity price.

[0044] Calculating the opportunity cost of wind and solar curtailment refers to the loss incurred due to the waste of energy that could have been used for power generation, hydrogen production, or sales because it cannot be utilized. The predicted states at each time point are obtained from the maximum utilization electrolyzer state prediction table; at each time point, the unused power (neither used for hydrogen production, nor for charging, nor for grid connection) is the curtailed wind and solar power. Minimum opportunity cost = total curtailed power × grid connection price (using the grid connection price to measure opportunity cost is a minimum opportunity cost).

[0045] The goal of the maximum utilization algorithm is to activate the minimum number of necessary electrolyzers at each time point to fully utilize all available hydrogen production power, thereby minimizing wind and solar curtailment. This is achieved by calculating the total revenue (high hydrogen production revenue, potentially low grid connection revenue) and total cost (start-up and shutdown costs can be very high due to frequent start-ups and shutdowns caused by large power fluctuations). The maximum expected utilization revenue is then obtained. The minimum action algorithm is more concerned with the impact of frequent electrolyzer start-ups and shutdowns on equipment lifespan. Furthermore, mode switching typically consumes time and energy without generating revenue (i.e., no hydrogen production or grid connection revenue). Therefore, the cost calculation is based on the number and type of state switching that occurs in the electrolyzers within the prediction period, such as the number of cold starts from inactivity to operation, or the number of various shutdown modes. The process of obtaining the minimum action expected revenue is similar to that of obtaining the maximum utilization expected revenue. The total revenue (hydrogen production revenue may be lower because some power may be abandoned due to exceeding the range) and total cost (start-up and maintenance costs are significantly reduced) are calculated. The minimum action expected revenue is then obtained.

[0046] In this optional embodiment, the maximum absorption algorithm ensures maximum utilization of renewable energy, while the minimum action algorithm reduces the number of electrolyzer start-ups and shutdowns and the frequency of scheduling actions. The system implements a quantitative decision-making switching mechanism for the two control strategies through performance indicators, achieving an optimization effect that balances energy absorption and equipment lifespan. This algorithm design resolves the contradiction that a single algorithm in existing solutions cannot achieve both simultaneously.

[0047] Optionally, the energy conversion and storage module includes an electrolysis hydrogen production unit and a hydrogen storage unit; The electrolytic hydrogen production unit is used to control the hydrogen production operation status of multiple electrolyzers according to the target electrolyzer status prediction table to produce hydrogen through electrolysis. The hydrogen storage unit is used to control hydrogen storage according to the target electrolyzer state prediction table.

[0048] Specifically, the hydrogen storage unit controls hydrogen storage based on the target electrolyzer state prediction table, inputting the hydrogen production power prediction sequence and the target electrolyzer state prediction table. The hydrogen storage unit is used to achieve hydrogen storage. The hydrogen entering the storage unit from the hydrogen production unit needs to be purified to remove water vapor and oxygen impurities. Simultaneously, the hydrogen concentration in oxygen needs to be detected; this indicator serves as a safety constraint, in turn affecting the hydrogen output of the hydrogen production unit. At the same time, the hydrogen storage unit itself has high and low limits on hydrogen flow rate; this indicator, as a physical constraint, in turn affects the hydrogen output of the hydrogen production unit.

[0049] In this optional embodiment, the target electrolyzer state prediction table is used as the basis for coordinated control of the electrolysis hydrogen production unit and the hydrogen storage unit, realizing feedforward prediction, unified scheduling and dynamic matching of hydrogen production and storage links.

[0050] Optionally, the hydrogen production operating states include a hot standby state, an operating state, and a non-operating state. The step of controlling the hydrogen production operating states of multiple electrolyzers according to the target electrolyzer state prediction table to produce hydrogen through electrolysis includes: Based on the target electrolyzer state prediction table, multiple electrolyzers are controlled to switch between the hot standby state, the operating state, and the non-operating state to produce hydrogen through electrolysis.

[0051] Specifically, the temperature, pressure, and current parameters of the electrolytic cell are collected in real time. These physical quantities are converted into electrical signals by a sensor array, and the data is statistically analyzed and stored in corresponding reference digits by a data acquisition unit. Based on the detected values, three main states (hot standby / operation / non-operation) are switched, and the mode used during state switching is calculated. When the electrolytic cell is in shutdown mode, the hot standby state typically consumes approximately 5% of its rated power. Used for heat / pressure holding (range varies by manufacturer, usually near operating temperature) and alkali circulation for rapid start-up. Continuous energy is required to maintain temperature and circulation, resulting in some standby power consumption. Specific equipment is typically needed to maintain hot standby, which is costly but significantly reduces restart time. Operating state: The electrolyzer operates within its rated operating range, producing hydrogen according to a specific relationship based on the input electrolysis power. Non-operating state: Contains sub-state machines, such as: cold standby, shutdown, tagged, maintenance, fault, etc. Except for cold standby, other non-operating states are manually set. Start-up from cold standby takes longer, but equipment requirements are lower.

[0052] When switching from a non-working state to a hot standby state, it is a cold standby start-up mode. The process of switching the electrolytic cell from a non-working state (usually a cold standby state) to a hot standby state is achieved by gradually heating and pressurizing. The start-up time is about 1-2 hours. During this period, the characteristic curves follow the temperature-electric power-time and pressure-electric power-time characteristic curves of the cold standby start-up mode.

[0053] When switching from hot standby to running mode, it is a hot standby start-up mode. The rapid start-up process from hot standby to running mode is usually completed within 5-10 minutes. The tank temperature is raised to the optimal operating range by increasing the current, while the pressure range of 1.5-2.5MPa is monitored.

[0054] When switching from the operating state to the hot standby state, it is a hot standby shutdown mode. The transition from the operating state to the hot standby state involves first gradually reducing the hydrogen production power, then starting the heat preservation process and maintaining the heat preservation power to keep the system stable within the hot standby temperature range.

[0055] When switching from the running state to the non-working state, it is in cold standby shutdown mode. The complete process of switching from the running state to the non-working state (cold standby sub-state) requires venting and depressurization, which not only makes the shutdown time long, but also the restart time is also long.

[0056] If an electrolytic cell transitions from a hot standby state to a non-operating state, it is considered an abnormal mode. Normally, when an electrolytic cell enters a hot standby state, subsequent operations should be in hot standby startup mode; otherwise, it should not consume insulation power to maintain the electrolytic cell's hot standby state. Therefore, when an electrolytic cell transitions from a hot standby state to a non-operating state, it is considered an abnormal mode.

[0057] The shutdown procedure, as the final step in cold standby shutdown mode or abnormal mode, performs final safety isolation after the system is already in a non-working state: first, gas replacement and electrolyte return are completed, then all equipment power, gas supply and cooling water are cut off, all valves are closed and operation data is recorded; if an emergency abnormality occurs (such as explosion, serious leakage), a simplified shutdown procedure is immediately started, that is, the rectified current drops rapidly to zero, the water supply pump is cut off, the gas supply valve and sampling valve are closed, the vent valve is opened to quickly release pressure, and finally enters maintenance or other non-working sub-state.

[0058] In this optional embodiment, the operation of the electrolytic cell is divided into three main states: "operation," "hot standby," and "non-operation," and further refined into specific switching modes such as cold standby start-up, hot standby start-up, hot standby shutdown, cold standby shutdown, and abnormal mode. Through formal modeling of the state machine, the start-up, shutdown, heat preservation, and energy consumption processes of the electrolytic cell are systematically described and controllably implemented, thus balancing rapid response and equipment lifespan, overcoming the limitations of traditional fixed-threshold scheduling. This state machine concept is a significant feature that distinguishes this invention from existing technologies.

[0059] Optionally, the energy conversion and storage module further includes an energy storage unit for controlling charging or discharging based on the target electrolyzer state prediction table.

[0060] Specifically, the energy storage unit state prediction table is initialized, with the same dimensions as the hydrogen production power prediction sequence. The energy storage unit has three states: charging, discharging, and inactive. If the predicted state at a sampling point in the hydrogen production power prediction sequence is charging, then the state at each real-time sampling point in the real-time control section within this sampling interval may be either charging or inactive; the same applies to the discharging state. The energy storage unit state prediction table is updated, the target electrolyzer state prediction table is updated, and the energy storage unit state prediction table is output. Based on the predicted states provided in the energy storage unit state prediction table, the state of the energy storage element in each sampling period of the real-time control within this sampling interval is determined.

[0061] In this optional embodiment, the state prediction of the energy storage unit is coupled with the state prediction of the electrolyzer. By adjusting the charge and discharge, the high and low power of hydrogen production is filled, thus smoothing the operation of the electrolyzer. Unlike existing technologies that rely solely on energy storage as a buffer, this approach emphasizes the coordinated prediction of energy storage units and electrolyzer group control, truly integrating energy storage into the hydrogen production process rather than passively compensating for it, thereby improving energy storage utilization efficiency and economic recovery rate.

[0062] Optionally, the wind-solar hydrogen production intelligent control system also includes a power grid for acquiring or uploading electricity.

[0063] Optionally, the wind-solar hydrogen production intelligent control system also includes a hydrogen utilization unit, used to represent production lines that use hydrogen as a raw material for chemical synthesis.

[0064] Specifically, the acquired electrical energy is collected, combined, and inverted through other modules before being uploaded to the power grid for sale. This sale generates some economic revenue, and electricity can also be purchased from the grid. The hydrogen unit is typically another production line that uses hydrogen as a raw material for chemical synthesis, such as ammonia or methanol production; or a high-pressure hydrogen energy storage and transportation system.

[0065] In some more specific embodiments, the wind-solar hydrogen production intelligent control system also includes a working time rotation module. This module starts a timer at 0:00 every night to record the effective working time of each electrolyzer during the day. The working times are sorted by daytime working time, and the reverse order is output as the priority sequence for the next day. Alternatively, the above working times can be directly output, allowing operators to write custom function blocks based on the data. A priority output unit is used to output the priority sequence for the next day.

[0066] While the present invention has been disclosed above, its scope of protection is not limited thereto. Those skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and all such changes and modifications will fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A smart control system for wind and solar hydrogen production, characterized in that, include: The energy input module is used to acquire the hydrogen production power prediction sequence in real time. The control instruction module is used to obtain the maximum absorption electrolyzer state prediction table through the hydrogen production power prediction sequence using the maximum absorption algorithm; The maximum expected revenue from maximum absorption is obtained based on the maximum absorption electrolytic cell status prediction table. The minimum action algorithm is used to obtain the minimum action electrolyzer state prediction table through the hydrogen production power prediction sequence; The expected return for the minimum action is obtained based on the minimum action electrolyzer state prediction table. Performance metrics are obtained by using the maximum expected revenue from absorption and the minimum expected revenue from action. The maximum absorption electrolytic cell state prediction table or the minimum operation electrolytic cell state prediction table is used as the target electrolytic cell state prediction table based on the performance indicators. An energy conversion and storage module is used to control hydrogen conversion and storage based on the target electrolyzer state prediction table.

2. The intelligent control system for wind and solar hydrogen production according to claim 1, characterized in that, The process of using the maximum absorption algorithm to obtain the maximum absorption electrolyzer state prediction table through the hydrogen production power prediction sequence includes: An initial electrolyzer state prediction table is obtained based on the hydrogen production power prediction sequence, wherein the initial electrolyzer prediction table and the hydrogen production power prediction sequence have the same dimension. The minimum necessary number of cells corresponding to each prediction sequence point is obtained by traversing the initial electrolytic cell state prediction table. When the minimum necessary number of cells is different between the predicted sequence point and the previous predicted sequence point, the power of the electrolyzers at the predicted sequence point is allocated using a priority sorting mechanism, and the maximum absorption electrolyzer state prediction table is obtained by traversing all the predicted sequence points.

3. The intelligent control system for wind and solar hydrogen production according to claim 1, characterized in that, The process of obtaining a minimum-action electrolyzer state prediction table using the hydrogen production power prediction sequence via the minimum-action algorithm includes: An initial electrolyzer state prediction table is obtained based on the hydrogen production power prediction sequence, wherein the initial electrolyzer prediction table and the hydrogen production power prediction sequence have the same dimension. The hydrogen production power of each predicted sequence point is obtained by traversing the initial electrolyzer state prediction table. When the hydrogen production power of the predicted sequence point is greater than the total power consumption range, the power is allocated to each electrolyzer at the predicted sequence point using a priority sorting mechanism, and the minimum operating electrolyzer state prediction table is obtained by traversing all the predicted sequence points.

4. The intelligent control system for wind and solar hydrogen production according to claim 3, characterized in that, The step of allocating power to each electrolyzer at the predicted sequence points using a priority ranking mechanism includes: Obtain a power allocation strategy, wherein the power allocation strategy includes an optimal working efficiency strategy and a weight allocation strategy; When the power allocation strategy is the optimal working efficiency strategy, the power allocation of each electrolytic cell at the predicted sequence point is performed using the one-way lobe flag or the inverse flag. When the power allocation strategy is the weight allocation strategy, power is allocated to each electrolytic cell of the predicted sequence point according to the preset weight.

5. The intelligent control system for wind and solar hydrogen production according to claim 1, characterized in that, The step of using the performance indicators to select either the maximum absorption electrolyzer state prediction table or the minimum operating electrolyzer state prediction table as the target electrolyzer state prediction table includes: When the performance index is greater than the index threshold, the maximum absorption electrolytic cell state prediction table is used as the target electrolytic cell state prediction table. The performance indicators include: J=AB, Wherein, J is the performance index, A is the maximum expected revenue from absorption, and B is the minimum expected revenue from action; When the performance index is less than or equal to the index threshold, the minimum action electrolytic cell state prediction table is used as the target electrolytic cell state prediction table.

6. The intelligent control system for wind and solar hydrogen production according to claim 1, characterized in that, The energy conversion and storage module includes an electrolysis hydrogen production unit and a hydrogen storage unit; The electrolytic hydrogen production unit is used to control the hydrogen production operation status of multiple electrolyzers according to the target electrolyzer status prediction table to produce hydrogen through electrolysis. The hydrogen storage unit is used to control hydrogen storage according to the target electrolyzer state prediction table.

7. The intelligent control system for wind and solar hydrogen production according to claim 6, characterized in that, The hydrogen production operating states include hot standby state, operating state, and non-operating state. The step of controlling the hydrogen production operating states of multiple electrolyzers according to the target electrolyzer state prediction table to produce hydrogen through electrolysis includes: Based on the target electrolyzer state prediction table, multiple electrolyzers are controlled to switch between the hot standby state, the operating state, and the non-operating state to produce hydrogen through electrolysis.

8. The intelligent control system for wind and solar hydrogen production according to claim 6, characterized in that, The energy conversion and storage module also includes an energy storage unit for controlling charging or discharging based on the target electrolyzer state prediction table.

9. The intelligent control system for wind and solar hydrogen production according to claim 1, characterized in that, The intelligent control system for wind and solar hydrogen production also includes a power grid for acquiring or uploading electricity.

10. The intelligent control system for wind and solar hydrogen production according to claim 1, characterized in that, The wind-solar hydrogen production intelligent control system also includes a hydrogen utilization unit, which is used to represent production lines that use hydrogen as a raw material for chemical synthesis.

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