Three-dimensional propaganda and education model for improving qualified rate of sputum specimen

Abstract

The three-dimensional propaganda and education model comprises a model main body, an identification assembly and a supporting base, the model main body is made of a transparent material, and an unqualified sputum specimen simulation unit (such as saliva and a polluted sputum specimen) and a qualified sputum specimen simulation unit (such as white viscous sputum, yellow viscous sputum and bloody sputum) are arranged in the model main body; each unit is of an independent cavity structure, and the sputum character is visually displayed by accurately controlling the color and viscosity and simulating particles (such as squamous epithelial cells or inflammatory cells); the identification assembly is used for clearly marking the type and the qualified standard through an identification board and a fluorescent coating; the supporting base provides stable placement. Through materialized comparison, the patient can quickly distinguish the sputum type, so that the retention quality is improved from the source, the percent of pass is remarkably improved, the nursing load is reduced, and the method has the advantages of intuition, standardization, high efficiency, safety and the like.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of medical teaching auxiliary devices, in particular to a three-dimensional propaganda and education model for improving the qualified rate of sputum samples. BACKGROUND

[0002] Sputum bacterial culture is an important pathogen examination method for diagnosing lower respiratory tract infection, lung cancer and other respiratory diseases, and its results are directly related to the rational use of antibiotics and the development of clinical treatment plans. The quality of sputum sample collection is a key factor affecting the accuracy of test results. Unqualified sputum samples (such as samples mainly containing saliva or contaminated by upper respiratory tract secretions) can lead to low pathogen detection rate, misjudgment of results, and further delay of treatment.

[0003] Currently, the main way to guide patients to collect sputum samples in clinical nursing is oral propaganda and simple demonstration by nursing staff. However, this approach has significant drawbacks: 1. Strong abstract dependence: It is difficult for patients, especially the elderly with lower cultural level and weakened understanding ability, to intuitively understand the essential difference in nature, color and viscosity between "qualified sputum" (usually from deep airway, thick and containing pus cells or specific cells) and "unqualified sputum" (such as saliva or nasal secretions) through oral description.

[0004] 2. Unstable propaganda effect: The propaganda effect is highly dependent on the personal experience and expression ability of nursing staff, and the propaganda content of different nursing staff may differ, resulting in inconsistent information received by patients and affecting the overall qualified rate.

[0005] 3. High work intensity: In order to ensure the propaganda effect, nursing staff sometimes need to explain repeatedly, or use comprehensive intervention measures such as bedside one-on-one guidance and video playing, which undoubtedly increases the work intensity of clinical nursing, and it is difficult to widely and continuously implement in the current situation of tight nurse-patient ratio.

[0006] 4. Poor adaptability for elderly patients: The existing video propaganda and other methods are not suitable for many elderly patients who are not good at operating intelligent devices, and the content is repetitive and boring, with limited acceptance.

[0007] In the prior art, more attention is paid to improving the qualified rate through management process optimization or digital video, but the above-mentioned problems of intuitiveness, universality and reducing nursing burden cannot be solved. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a propaganda tool that can intuitively, standardly and efficiently guide patients, especially the elderly, to correctly distinguish and collect qualified sputum samples. SUMMARY

[0008] In view of the above-mentioned deficiencies in the prior art, the purpose of the present application is to provide a three-dimensional propaganda and education model for improving the qualified rate of sputum samples to solve the problems raised in the above background.

[0009] To achieve the above object, a specific embodiment of the present application provides a three-dimensional propaganda model for improving the qualified rate of sputum samples, comprising a model main body, an identification assembly and a supporting base, wherein the model main body is made of transparent material, at least one unqualified sputum sample simulation unit and at least one qualified sputum sample simulation unit are arranged in the model main body, and each simulation unit is an independent cavity structure; the identification assembly is arranged on the model main body and corresponds to each simulation unit one by one, and is used for identifying the type and qualification of the sputum sample simulated by the corresponding simulation unit; and the supporting base is connected with the bottom of the model main body and is used for supporting and fixing the model main body.

[0010] The three-dimensional propaganda model for improving the qualified rate of sputum samples can convert the microscopic judgment standard (such as the number of cells) of qualified and unqualified sputum samples into macroscopic physical characteristics (such as color, viscosity and internal particles) that can be observed by naked eyes in a solidified and standardized manner, so that the patient can quickly and accurately establish an intuitive impression, thereby reducing the error in taking behavior at the source, effectively improving the qualified rate of sputum samples and reducing the propaganda work intensity of nursing personnel.

[0011] In addition, the three-dimensional propaganda model for improving the qualified rate of sputum samples can have the following additional technical features: In an embodiment of the present application, the unqualified sputum sample simulation unit comprises a saliva simulation subunit and a contaminated sputum sample simulation subunit; the saliva simulation subunit is a structure with transparency to milky white color, the viscosity is 100-300 mPa・s, there is no obvious bubble in the inside, and the saliva simulation subunit is arranged in a side region of the model main body; the contaminated sputum sample simulation subunit is a structure with light yellow to gray white color, the viscosity is 400-600 mPa・s, white particles simulating squamous epithelial cells are added in the inside, the white particles are medical grade plastic material and have a diameter of 0.1-0.3 mm, and the distribution number in each cubic centimeter volume is ≥5, and the contaminated sputum sample simulation subunit is arranged adjacent to the saliva simulation subunit.

[0012] In an embodiment of the present application, the qualified sputum specimen simulation unit comprises a white sticky sputum simulation subunit, a yellow sticky sputum simulation subunit and a bloody sputum simulation subunit; the white sticky sputum simulation subunit is milky white in structure, has a viscosity of 800-1200 mPa·s, and has micro air bubbles with a diameter of 0.05-0.1 mm uniformly distributed inside; the white sticky sputum simulation subunit is arranged at the middle region of the model main body; the yellow sticky sputum simulation subunit is light yellow in structure, has a viscosity of 800-1200 mPa·s, and has light yellow particles simulating inflammatory cells added inside; the light yellow particles are medical-grade plastic material and have a diameter of 0.05-0.1 mm, and the distribution number in each cubic centimeter of volume is 8-12; the yellow sticky sputum simulation subunit is arranged next to one side of the white sticky sputum simulation subunit; the bloody sputum simulation subunit is light red to dark red in structure, has a viscosity of 800-1200 mPa·s, and has red particles simulating blood cells added inside; the red particles are medical-grade plastic material and have a diameter of 0.05-0.1 mm, and the distribution number in each cubic centimeter of volume is 6-10; the bloody sputum simulation subunit is arranged next to the other side of the white sticky sputum simulation subunit.

[0013] In an embodiment of the present application, the identification assembly comprises an identification plate and a fluorescent coating; the identification plate is made of waterproof and wear-resistant PET plastic material, has a thickness of 0.2-0.3 mm, and is pasted on the outer surface of each simulation unit by medical-grade acrylic adhesive; the identification plate has text identification for indicating the type and eligibility of sputum specimens, and cell determination criteria matching the corresponding sputum specimen type; the fluorescent coating is coated on the surface of the identification plate by using medical-grade acrylic ester fluorescent paint, has a coating thickness of 0.05-0.1 mm, completely covers the printed content on the identification plate, and can improve the visual recognition of the printed content in an environment with an illumination intensity of ≤200 lux.

[0014] In an embodiment of the present application, the support base is a square structure and is made of medical-grade plastic; a groove matching the shape of the bottom of the model main body is formed on the top surface of the support base, and a non-slip rubber pad is pasted on the inner wall of the groove; the thickness of the non-slip rubber pad is 0.5-1 mm; the bottom of the model main body is embedded in the groove and tightly adheres to the non-slip rubber pad, so that the model main body does not slide when the inclination angle is ≤15°; a grid-shaped non-slip pattern is formed on the bottom surface of the support base, and has a depth of 0.3-0.5 mm, for improving the friction coefficient between the support base and the placement surface.

[0015] In one embodiment of the present application, the transparent material of the model body is medical-grade transparent resin, the transparency of the model body is ≥85%, the outer surface is smooth and polished structure and the corners are rounded with a radius of 1-2 mm; the manufacturing material of the model body further comprises food-grade dyeing agent, medical-grade antireflection agent and medical-grade consistency regulator, wherein: the food-grade dyeing agent is used to adjust the color of each simulation unit, and the addition amount is 0.1-0.3% of the mass of the transparent resin; the medical-grade antireflection agent is a polyethylene glycol substance, and the mass ratio with the transparent resin is 5:100; the medical-grade consistency regulator is transparent silicone gel, and the mass ratio with the transparent resin is adjusted according to the type of the simulation unit, and the mass ratio is 10:100 in the saliva simulation subunit and 20:100 in the qualified sputum specimen simulation unit.

[0016] In one embodiment of the present application, the height of the model body is 8-12 cm, and the volume of each simulation unit is 5-10 mL.

[0017] The present application has the following advantages compared with the prior art: (1) The abstract test standard is converted into a concrete, visual and comparable physical model, so that the patient can intuitively distinguish the difference between the qualified and unqualified sputum specimens, greatly reducing the understanding threshold, especially for the elderly patients and patients with lower cultural level.

[0018] (2) The model provides a unified propaganda physical standard, avoiding the inconsistency of propaganda content caused by individual differences of nursing staff, and ensuring the stability of propaganda quality.

[0019] (3) The nursing staff only needs to combine the model for brief explanation, and the patient can quickly master the key points; the model can be placed at the sputum specimen collection place for the patient to refer at any time, reducing the work intensity of repeated propaganda of the nursing staff.

[0020] (4) Through accurate control of parameters such as color, viscosity and simulated particles (representing cells), the model can highly simulate the properties of real sputum specimens, ensuring the scientificity and accuracy of propaganda.

[0021] (5) All medical-grade or food-grade materials are safe and harmless; the model is a closed structure, can be repeatedly used, easy to clean and disinfect, and meets the requirements of hospital infection control.

[0022] Additional aspects and advantages of the present application will be partially given in the following description, partially become obvious from the following description, or be understood by practicing the present application. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0023] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0024] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional educational model for improving the pass rate of sputum specimens in one embodiment of the present invention. Figure 1 ; Figure 2 This is a three-dimensional educational model for improving the pass rate of sputum specimens in one embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2 ; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the main structure of a three-dimensional educational model for improving the pass rate of sputum specimens in one embodiment of the present invention.

[0025] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures: 1. Model body; 2. Identification components; 3. Support base; 11. Saliva simulation sub-unit; 12. Contaminated sputum specimen simulation sub-unit; 13. White sputum simulation sub-unit; 14. Yellow sputum simulation sub-unit; 15. Bloody sputum simulation sub-unit; 21. Sign; 22. Fluorescent coating; 31. Groove; 32. Anti-slip rubber pad. Detailed Implementation

[0026] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0027] like Figures 1 to 3 As shown in the figure, a three-dimensional educational model for improving the pass rate of sputum specimens according to an embodiment of the present invention is composed of three main parts: the model body 1, the identification component 2, and the support base 3.

[0028] The main model 1 is the functional core of the entire device, used to house and display various sputum specimens. The labeling component 2 is fixedly installed on the outer surface of the main model 1, serving a crucial explanatory and indicative function. The support base 3 is located below the main model 1, its top surface fitting into the bottom of the main model 1 via a groove structure 31, providing stable and reliable support. All three components are physically connected as a single unit, with a compact structure that facilitates handling, display, and storage.

[0029] I. Detailed Structure and Function of Each Component 1. Model body 1 The model body 1 is integrally formed by high-transparency medical-grade transparent resin through mold casting. Its shape is designed as a flat cube suitable for handheld observation, with a height of about 10 centimeters, and overall transparency better than 85%, ensuring that the internal structure is clearly visible. All corners are rounded with a radius of about 1.5 millimeters, smooth to the touch, without sharp corners, in line with human engineering and safety.

[0030] The interior of the model body 1 is divided into five independent sealed cavities by transparent partitions, which are the unqualified sputum specimen simulation units and qualified sputum specimen simulation units. Each cavity is isolated from each other to avoid confusion of the contents, and the volume is about 7 milliliters, enough to clearly show the physical properties of sputum.

[0031] Unqualified sputum specimen simulation units: Saliva simulation sub-unit 11: located on one side of the model body 1. Its content simulates oral saliva, appearing as a transparent to milky white homogeneous liquid. By adjusting the ratio of medical-grade viscosity modifier (transparent silicone gel) and transparent resin, its viscosity is controlled within the range of about 200 millipascal-seconds. There are no obvious bubbles inside, the texture is clear and thin, directly showing the typical characteristics of unqualified specimens.

[0032] Contaminated sputum specimen simulation sub-unit 12: located next to the saliva simulation sub-unit 11. The content of this unit is light yellowish white, with a viscosity of about 500 millipascal-seconds. Its core feature is that there are a large number of small white particles uniformly suspended inside. These white particles are made of medical-grade plastic, with a diameter of about 0.2 millimeters, simulating squamous epithelial cells under a microscope, with a distribution density of not less than 5 per cubic centimeter, directly explaining why such specimens are considered unqualified due to contamination of the oropharynx.

[0033] Qualified sputum specimen simulation units: White sticky sputum simulation sub-unit 13: located in the middle region of the model body 1. The content is milky white, translucent, opaque viscous liquid, with a viscosity of about 1000 millipascal-seconds. During production, a large number of micro-bubbles with a diameter of about 0.08 millimeters are uniformly introduced into the liquid through a special process, simulating the sticky feeling and internal structure of purulent sputum, representing deep airway inflammation.

[0034] Yellow sticky sputum simulation sub-unit 14: located on one side of the white sticky sputum simulation sub-unit 13. It is a light yellow viscous structure, also with a viscosity of about 1000 millipascal-seconds. Inside it is added with light yellow medical-grade plastic particles, with a diameter of about 0.08 millimeters, simulating inflammatory cells (such as neutrophils), with a distribution density of about 10 per cubic centimeter, representing the typical properties of sputum during bacterial infection.

[0035] Blood sputum simulation subunit 15: Set on the other side of the white sticky sputum simulation subunit 13. The content is a reddish to dark red viscous liquid with a viscosity of about 1000 mPa·s. Red medical grade plastic particles with a diameter of about 0.08 mm are suspended inside, simulating red blood cells or blood cells, with a distribution density of about 8 per cubic centimeter, used to display sputum samples with bleeding.

[0036] 2. Identification component 2 The identification component 2 is the key to ensuring accurate information transmission, which is directly attached to the corresponding outer wall of each simulation unit of the model body 1.

[0037] Signboard 21: Made of waterproof and wear-resistant PET plastic sheet with a thickness of 0.25 mm. It is firmly pasted with medical grade acrylic adhesive. Each signboard 21 has clear black lettering printed on it, such as "saliva | unqualified" on the saliva simulation subunit 11, "white sticky sputum | qualified" on the white sticky sputum simulation subunit 13, and concise cytological determination criteria, such as "qualified standard: white blood cells > 25 / low power".

[0038] Fluorescent coating 22: On the printed surface of the signboard 21, a layer of medical grade acrylic ester fluorescent paint with a thickness of about 0.08 mm is coated. The coating completely covers the text, so that in environments such as hospital rooms with low light intensity (≤200 lux), the sign content can emit soft fluorescence, significantly improving visual recognition, and ensuring that the information is clearly visible in any light conditions.

[0039] 3. Support base 3 The support base 3 is a square base made of medical grade ABS plastic injection molding, its main function is stability and safety.

[0040] The top surface of the support base 3 is precisely machined with a groove 31 that perfectly matches the shape and size of the bottom of the model body 1.

[0041] The entire inner wall of the groove 31 is pasted with a layer of anti-slip rubber pad 32 with a thickness of 0.8 mm. When the bottom of the model body 1 is embedded in the groove 31, it relies on the friction provided by the anti-slip rubber pad 32, even if the placement surface has a slight inclination (inclination angle ≤ 15°), the model body 1 will not slide or fall, ensuring the stability of the display and placement.

[0042] The bottom surface of the support base 3 is designed with a grid-shaped anti-slip pattern with a depth of about 0.4 mm, which increases the friction coefficient with the placement surface such as the desktop, tabletop, etc., preventing the entire model from accidentally falling.

[0043] II. Workflow and use principle of the model The complete use process of the model is as follows, and the principle is to establish correct understanding of the patient through intuitive comparison: 1. Preparation and display: the nursing staff takes out the complete assembled three-dimensional propaganda model (i.e., the model main body 1 is stably inserted on the support base 3) from the storage place. The support base 3 is held by hand, and the model main body 1 is displayed in front of the patient.

[0044] 2. Comparison and explanation: the nursing staff first points to the unqualified sputum specimen simulation unit (such as the saliva simulation subunit 11 and the contaminated sputum specimen simulation subunit 12), and explains to the patient in combination with the text description of the signboard 21: “like this clear and thin, like water, is saliva, which cannot be used as a specimen; this one has many white small dots in it, which represents that the saliva is contaminated, and is also unqualified.” 3. Establishment of standard: then, the nursing staff guides the attention of the patient to the qualified sputum specimen simulation unit (such as the white sticky sputum simulation subunit 13 and the yellow sticky sputum simulation subunit 14), and explains: “what you need to take is this thick and viscous sputum coughed out from the deep part of the lung. You see, it is thick and the color may be white or yellow, which is the effective specimen.” Through side-by-side comparison, the patient can immediately establish the intuitive impression of “clear and thin vs. thick and viscous” and “with particles (epithelial cells) vs. with particles (inflammatory cells)”.

[0045] 4. Memory and reference: after the explanation, the nursing staff places the entire model beside the sputum specimen collection point in the ward. Before actually taking the sputum specimen, the patient can go to the model again for comparison, recall the propaganda content, and ensure that the sputum specimen taken meets the qualified standard.

[0046] 5. Effectiveness: through the above-mentioned “explanation-comparison-constant reference” process, the patient has a deep and specific impression of the qualified sputum specimen, thereby avoiding the behavior of mistakenly taking saliva or unqualified sputum at the source, and ultimately achieving the purpose of improving the qualified rate of sputum specimens.

[0047] The technical solution in the above-mentioned embodiment of the present application, the model converts the microscopic judgment standard (such as the number of cells) of the qualified and unqualified sputum specimen into the macroscopic physical characteristics (such as color, viscosity, and internal particles) that can be observed by the naked eye in a solidified and standardized manner, so that the patient can quickly and accurately establish an intuitive impression, thereby reducing the error taking behavior at the source, effectively improving the qualified rate of sputum specimens for inspection, and reducing the propaganda work intensity of the nursing staff.

[0048] Obviously, the above-described embodiments are only used for illustrating the technical solutions of the present application, but not for limiting them; and even though the present application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent replacements to some or all of the technical features, can still be made; and such modifications or replacements do not cause the nature of the corresponding technical solutions to depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application. Thus, if such modifications and variations of the present application fall within the scope of the claims of the present application and equivalent technologies thereof, then it is also intended to include such changes and variations.

Claims

1. A three-dimensional educational model for improving the pass rate of sputum specimens, characterized in that, It includes the model body (1), the logo component (2), and the support base (3), wherein, The model body (1) is made of transparent material. The model body (1) has at least one unqualified sputum specimen simulation unit and at least one qualified sputum specimen simulation unit inside. Each simulation unit is an independent cavity structure. The identification component (2) is set on the model body (1) and corresponds to each simulation unit. It is used to identify the type and qualification of the sputum specimen simulated by the corresponding simulation unit. The support base (3) is connected to the bottom of the model body (1) and is used to support and fix the model body (1).

2. The three-dimensional educational model for improving the pass rate of sputum specimens according to claim 1, characterized in that, The unqualified sputum specimen simulation unit includes a saliva simulation subunit (11) and a contaminated sputum specimen simulation subunit (12). The saliva simulation subunit (11) is a transparent to milky white structure with a viscosity of 100-300 mPa·s and no obvious bubbles inside. The saliva simulation subunit (11) is located on one side of the model body (1). The contaminated sputum specimen simulation subunit (12) has a pale yellow to grayish-white structure with a viscosity of 400-600 mPa·s. It contains white particles that simulate squamous epithelial cells. The white particles are made of medical-grade plastic and have a diameter of 0.1-0.3 mm. The number of particles distributed in each cubic centimeter is ≥5. The contaminated sputum specimen simulation subunit (12) is located adjacent to the saliva simulation subunit (11).

3. The three-dimensional educational model for improving the pass rate of sputum specimens according to claim 1, characterized in that, The qualified sputum specimen simulation unit includes a white viscous sputum simulation subunit (13), a yellow viscous sputum simulation subunit (14), and a bloody sputum simulation subunit (15). The white phlegm simulation subunit (13) has a milky white structure with a viscosity of 800-1200 mPa·s. It has tiny air bubbles with a diameter of 0.05-0.1 mm evenly distributed inside. The white phlegm simulation subunit (13) is located in the middle region of the model body (1). The yellow sputum simulation subunit (14) has a light yellow structure with a viscosity of 800-1200 mPa·s. It contains light yellow particles that simulate inflammatory cells. The light yellow particles are made of medical-grade plastic and have a diameter of 0.05-0.1 mm. The number of particles distributed in each cubic centimeter is 8-12. The yellow sputum simulation subunit (14) is set on one side adjacent to the white sputum simulation subunit (13). The bloody sputum simulation subunit (15) has a light red to dark red structure with a viscosity of 800-1200 mPa·s. It contains red particles that simulate blood cells. The red particles are made of medical-grade plastic and have a diameter of 0.05-0.1 mm. The number of particles distributed in each cubic centimeter is 6-10. The bloody sputum simulation subunit (15) is located on the other side of the white sputum simulation subunit (13).

4. The three-dimensional educational model for improving the pass rate of sputum specimens according to claim 1, characterized in that, The identification component (2) includes an identification plate (21) and a fluorescent coating (22); The sign (21) is made of waterproof and wear-resistant PET plastic material with a thickness of 0.2-0.3mm. It is attached to the outer surface of each simulation unit with medical grade acrylic adhesive. The sign (21) is printed with text markings indicating the type and qualification of sputum specimens, as well as cell judgment criteria matching the corresponding sputum specimen type. The fluorescent coating (22) is made of medical grade acrylic fluorescent paint and applied to the surface of the sign (21). The coating thickness is 0.05-0.1mm, which completely covers the printed content on the sign (21). In an environment with light intensity ≤200 lux, it can improve the visual recognition of the printed content.

5. The three-dimensional educational model for improving the pass rate of sputum specimens according to claim 1, characterized in that, The support base (3) has a square structure and is made of medical-grade plastic; The top surface of the support base (3) is provided with a groove (31) that matches the shape of the bottom of the model body (1). The inner wall of the groove (31) is attached with an anti-slip rubber pad (32). The thickness of the anti-slip rubber pad (32) is 0.5-1mm. The bottom of the model body (1) is embedded in the groove (31) and fits tightly with the anti-slip rubber pad (32), so that the model body (1) does not slide when the tilt angle is ≤15°. The bottom surface of the support base (3) is formed with a grid-like anti-slip texture, the depth of which is 0.3-0.5mm, to increase the friction coefficient between the support base (3) and the placement surface.

6. The three-dimensional educational model for improving the pass rate of sputum specimens according to claim 1, characterized in that, The transparent material of the model body (1) is medical grade transparent resin. The transparency of the model body (1) is ≥85%. The outer surface is a smooth polished structure and the corners are rounded with a radius of 1-2mm. The materials used to make the model body (1) also include food-grade dye, medical-grade transparentizing agent and medical-grade viscosity modifier. Among them, the food-grade dye is used to adjust the color of each simulation unit, and the amount added is 0.1-0.3% of the mass of transparent resin; the medical-grade transparentizing agent is a polyethylene glycol substance, and the mass ratio with transparent resin is 5:100; the medical-grade viscosity modifier is a transparent silicone gel, and the mass ratio with transparent resin is adjusted according to the type of simulation unit. In the saliva simulation subunit (11), the mass ratio is 10:100, and in the qualified sputum specimen simulation unit, the mass ratio is 20:

100.

7. The three-dimensional educational model for improving the pass rate of sputum specimens according to claim 1, characterized in that, The height of the main body of the model (1) is 8-12cm, and the volume of each simulation unit is 5-10mL.

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