Design method of ram for machine tool and ram for machine tool

Abstract

The application provides a design method of a ram for a machine tool and the ram, relates to the field of ram design for machine tools, and adopts the following scheme: S01: mapping and analyzing internal heat sources of the ram; S02: defining a thermal symmetry reference axis in the design process of the ram; S03: taking the thermal symmetry reference axis defined in S02 as a symmetry axis, and arranging transverse rib plates in the ram, so that the transverse rib plates on opposite inner walls are symmetrically arranged about the thermal symmetry reference axis; S04: establishing a finite element model of the ram, applying the heat source load obtained in S01, and performing thermal-structure coupling simulation; and S05: evaluating the design effect, optimizing the arrangement, and stopping until the thermal deformation is inhibited within the tolerance range. The application can greatly reduce the thermal deformation of the ram and improve machining precision.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of machine tool slide design, and more particularly to a design method for a machine tool slide and a machine tool slide. Background Technology

[0002] With the development of industry, the manufacturing industry has increasingly higher requirements for processing. It not only hopes to improve efficiency, but also pays more and more attention to processing accuracy. As a key functional component of vertical machining centers, gantry machine tools and other machine tools, the thermal accuracy of the slide directly determines the processing accuracy of the machine tool.

[0003] In existing technologies, rams are mainly manufactured using casting or welding processes. Whether it's a cast ram with integral molding or a welded ram with plate assembly, the core optimization goal of its internal stiffener layout is always focused on maximizing the static stiffness of the component and achieving lightweighting. Engineers typically use finite element analysis software to optimize the shape distribution of the stiffeners, such as using classic star-shaped, grid-shaped, or honeycomb structures, and supplementing this with increased stiffener thickness in key areas, in order to find the optimal balance between material usage and resistance to elastic deformation caused by cutting forces. This mechanical performance-driven design paradigm has made significant contributions to improving the rigidity of machine tools in existing technologies, forming the theoretical foundation and methodology for ram design.

[0004] However, when using the above technical solutions, especially for welded rams, the characteristics of being made of welded steel plates lead to significant material anisotropy. Under the influence of a non-uniform temperature field, it is more likely to induce complex multidimensional thermal deformation. During high-speed, high-load machining, the heat generated by heat sources such as motors, spindles, guide rails, and lead screws causes the ram temperature to rise. Since the internal stiffener layout of traditional welded rams focuses on optimizing static stiffness, it often lacks consideration for thermal symmetry, resulting in uneven heat distribution. After being heated, the ram is prone to "bowing" deformation to one side, causing serious drift of the tool tip and affecting machining accuracy. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the technical problem of thermal deformation of the slide affecting machining accuracy in the prior art, this invention provides a design method and a slide for machine tools that can greatly reduce thermal deformation of the slide and improve machining accuracy.

[0006] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the above-mentioned technical problems is: a design method for a machine tool slide, comprising the following steps:

[0007] S01: Mapping and analyzing the internal heat sources of the slide block;

[0008] S02: Define the thermal symmetry reference axis in the ram design process;

[0009] S03: Using the thermal symmetry reference axis defined in S02 as the axis of symmetry, the transverse stiffeners inside the slide are arranged so that the transverse stiffeners located on the relative inner walls are arranged symmetrically about the thermal symmetry reference axis.

[0010] S04: Establish the finite element model of the ram, apply the heat source load obtained in step S01, and perform thermal-structural coupling simulation;

[0011] S05: Evaluate the design effectiveness and optimize the layout until thermal deformation is contained within the tolerance range.

[0012] This invention, through the symmetrical arrangement of transverse stiffeners about the thermal symmetry reference axis, enables the slide to form a bidirectional balanced heat conduction path when heated. When the heat generated by the heat source is transferred through the stiffener mesh structure, the symmetrically distributed transverse stiffeners ensure that the heat is evenly diffused to both sides along the axis of the slide, avoiding asymmetrical temperature rise caused by local heat accumulation. This makes the expansion of the slide mutually restrain each other, effectively offsetting the bowing bending caused by unilateral thermal deformation, significantly reducing the thermal drift error at the tip, and achieving thermal-structural coordinated control from the source.

[0013] Furthermore, in S01, the internal temperature field of the existing slide under typical working conditions is identified by thermal imaging technology or thermocouple measurement, the location and heating power of the heat source are determined, and the heat flow path of the heat source on the existing slide is analyzed.

[0014] This invention provides real data support for subsequent steps by measuring and analyzing existing rams. It is no longer based on theoretical assumptions but on the mapping of actual working conditions, thereby ensuring the accuracy of subsequent steps and accurately matching the actual thermal deformation law of the ram, thus improving the accuracy and reliability of thermal management design from the source.

[0015] Furthermore, S02 includes the following steps:

[0016] S021: Establish a parameterized three-dimensional geometric model of the welding ram, define the thermally symmetric reference axis as a straight line passing through the principal axis theoretical axis within the cross-section of the ram, and parameterize its spatial position as the design variable Paxis(δ, θ), where δ represents the offset vector of the axis relative to the geometric center line of the ram, and θ represents its rotation angle around the geometric center line of the ram.

[0017] S022: Import the parametric geometric model into the finite element analysis software, establish a thermal-structural sequential coupling analysis model, and apply boundary conditions that conform to the actual working conditions;

[0018] S023: Define the objective function F(Paxis) with minimizing the thermal tilt angle at the end of the ram as its core:

[0019] F(Paxis)=w1·|αy(Paxis)|+w2·|αz(Paxis)|+w3·|D(Paxis)|

[0020] Where αy and αz are the thermal tilt angles of the ends of the ram around the Y-axis and Z-axis respectively after thermal deformation, extracted by the finite element simulation software; D is the extracted thermal offset vector of the ram end; and w1, w2 and w3 are weighting coefficients.

[0021] S024: The design variable Paxis(δ, θ) is automatically adjusted through an optimization algorithm, and iterative simulation is performed until the objective function F(Paxis) converges to the minimum value. At this point, Paxis(δ, θ) is the thermally symmetric reference axis.

[0022] This invention constructs a function F(Paxis) with the objective of minimizing the thermal tilt angle and offset of the ram end, and combines thermal-structural coupled simulation with optimization algorithms to form an automated iterative cycle of simulation-evaluation-adjustment-resimulation. This significantly reduces the over-reliance on engineers' experience in traditional design, and through systematic exploration, it can efficiently and reliably find global or local optimal solutions, avoiding the blindness and trial-and-error costs of the design process.

[0023] Furthermore, in S023, w1+w2+w3=1, and both w1 and w2 are greater than w3.

[0024] This invention optimizes weight allocation to precisely focus on the factors that have the greatest impact on machining accuracy. By making both w1 and w2 greater than w3, the algorithm is explicitly guided to prioritize the use of computational resources to minimize the more harmful tilt error.

[0025] Furthermore, in S03, two transverse stiffeners are provided on each inner wall of the ram.

[0026] Furthermore, in S03, multiple longitudinal stiffeners inside the ram are arranged in a manner that allows for uniform distribution along the length of the ram.

[0027] The present invention ensures the strength of the ram by uniformly distributing longitudinal stiffeners.

[0028] Furthermore, in S03, heat dissipation vents are also provided around the slide, on the transverse stiffeners and longitudinal stiffeners. The heat dissipation vents are close to the heat source and are located on the opposite surface of the slide, and are symmetrical about the thermal symmetry reference axis.

[0029] This invention guides heat to be evenly dissipated from opposite sides of the slide block by symmetrical heat dissipation vents close to the heat source, effectively maintaining the symmetrical distribution of the temperature field. This not only improves the overall heat dissipation efficiency, but also further suppresses asymmetric thermal deformation caused by local heat accumulation, thus strengthening the structure's thermal balance capability.

[0030] Furthermore, S05 includes the following steps:

[0031] S051: Compare the thermal displacement of the tool tip in the model with the thermal displacement of the existing slide tool tip. If the displacement decreases, proceed to S052. If it increases, adjust the weights, decrease the value of w3, increase the values ​​of w1 and w2, and continue to execute S023 to S051 until the displacement decreases.

[0032] S052: Compare the thermal displacement of the tool tip in the model with the preset allowable offset. If the thermal displacement of the tool tip in the model is less than the allowable offset, the design is complete. If it is greater than the allowable offset, proceed to S053.

[0033] S053: Optimize the spacing between two transverse stiffeners, the spacing between longitudinal stiffeners, and / or the layout of heat dissipation vents on the same inner wall until the thermal displacement of the blade tip in the model is less than the allowable offset.

[0034] This invention introduces a closed-loop feedback optimization mechanism based on the thermal displacement of the tool tip in step S05, and establishes an iterative correction process guided by actual machining accuracy. When the displacement does not meet expectations, the objective function weight coefficient is adjusted or the rib spacing and heat dissipation port layout are optimized to ensure that the thermal deformation suppression effect accurately matches the tool tip tolerance requirements.

[0035] Secondly, the present invention also provides a machine tool slide, which is designed using the above-mentioned method and includes a slide body. The slide body has multiple transverse stiffeners and multiple longitudinal stiffeners arranged inside, with the transverse stiffeners on the inner wall arranged symmetrically and the spacing between two adjacent longitudinal stiffeners being the same.

[0036] Furthermore, heat dissipation vents are provided around the ram body, on the longitudinal stiffeners and on the transverse stiffeners, and the heat dissipation vents on opposite surfaces of the ram body are symmetrically arranged.

[0037] As can be seen from the above technical solutions, the present invention has the following advantages:

[0038] This invention provides a design method and a machine tool slide. Through the symmetrical arrangement of transverse stiffeners about the thermal symmetry reference axis, the slide can form a bidirectional balanced heat conduction path when heated. When heat generated by the heat source is transferred through the stiffener mesh structure, the symmetrically distributed transverse stiffeners ensure that heat diffuses evenly to both sides along the slide's axis, avoiding asymmetric temperature rise caused by localized heat accumulation. This results in mutual restraint of the slide's expansion, effectively offsetting the bowing-like bending caused by unilateral thermal deformation, significantly reducing the thermal drift error at the tool tip, and achieving thermal-structural coordinated control from the source. By measuring and analyzing existing slides, real data support is provided for subsequent steps, no longer based on theoretical assumptions but on mapping actual working conditions, thus ensuring the accuracy of subsequent steps and accurately matching the actual thermal deformation law of the slide, improving the accuracy and reliability of thermal management design from the source. By constructing a function F(Paxis) with the objective of minimizing the thermal tilt angle and offset at the slide end, and combining thermal-structural coupled simulation with optimization algorithms, an automated simulation-evaluation-adjustment-resimulation process is formed. Iterative loops significantly reduce the over-reliance on engineers' experience in traditional design and, through systematic exploration, can efficiently and reliably find global or local optimal solutions, avoiding blind design and trial-and-error costs. By optimizing weight allocation, the algorithm precisely focuses on the factors most detrimental to machining accuracy. By ensuring that both w1 and w2 are greater than w3, the algorithm is explicitly guided to prioritize the use of computational resources to minimize the more harmful tilting error. The uniform distribution of longitudinal stiffeners ensures the strength of the slide block. Symmetrical heat dissipation vents near the heat source guide heat to dissipate evenly from opposite sides of the slide block, effectively maintaining the symmetrical distribution of the temperature field. This improves overall heat dissipation efficiency while further suppressing asymmetric thermal deformation caused by local heat accumulation, thus strengthening the structural thermal balance capability. By introducing a closed-loop feedback optimization mechanism based on the thermal displacement of the tool tip in step S05, an iterative correction process guided by actual machining accuracy is established. When the displacement does not meet expectations, the objective function weight coefficients are adjusted or the stiffener spacing and heat dissipation vent layout are optimized to ensure that the thermal deformation suppression effect accurately matches the tool tip tolerance requirements. Attached Figure Description

[0039] To more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the description will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0040] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0041] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of Embodiment 2 of the present invention. Figure 1.

[0042] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of Embodiment 2 of the present invention. Figure 2 .

[0043] In the diagram, 1 is the ram body; 2 is the transverse stiffener; 3 is the longitudinal stiffener; and 4 is the heat dissipation vent. Detailed Implementation

[0044] To make the objectives, features, and advantages of this invention more apparent and understandable, the technical solutions of this invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the specific embodiments. Obviously, the embodiments described below are only some embodiments of this invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this patent, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this patent.

[0045] Example 1

[0046] like Figure 1 As shown in the figure, this specific embodiment provides a design method for a machine tool slide, including the following steps:

[0047] S01: Mapping and analyzing the internal heat sources of the slide block;

[0048] S02: Define the thermal symmetry reference axis in the ram design process;

[0049] S03: Using the thermal symmetry reference axis defined in S02 as the axis of symmetry, the transverse stiffeners 2 inside the slide are arranged so that the transverse stiffeners 2 located on the opposite inner wall are arranged symmetrically about the thermal symmetry reference axis.

[0050] S04: Establish the finite element model of the ram, apply the heat source load obtained in step S01, and perform thermal-structural coupling simulation;

[0051] S05: Evaluate the design effectiveness and optimize the layout until thermal deformation is contained within the tolerance range.

[0052] This embodiment, through the symmetrical arrangement of the transverse stiffeners 2 about the thermal symmetry reference axis, enables the slide to form a bidirectional balanced heat conduction path when heated. When the heat generated by the heat source is transferred through the stiffener mesh structure, the symmetrically distributed transverse stiffeners 2 can ensure that the heat is evenly diffused to both sides along the axis of the slide, avoiding asymmetrical temperature rise caused by local heat accumulation. This makes the expansion of the slide mutually restrain each other, effectively offsetting the bowing bending caused by unilateral thermal deformation, significantly reducing the thermal drift error of the blade tip, and realizing thermal-structural coordinated control from the source.

[0053] Furthermore, in S01, thermal imaging technology or thermocouple measurements are used to identify the internal temperature field of the existing slide under typical operating conditions, determine the location and heating power of the heat source, and analyze the heat flow path of the heat source on the existing slide. By measuring and analyzing the existing slide, real data support is provided for subsequent steps, which are no longer based on theoretical assumptions but are derived from the mapping of actual operating conditions, thereby ensuring the accuracy of subsequent steps and accurately matching the actual thermal deformation law of the slide, thus improving the accuracy and reliability of thermal management design from the source.

[0054] S02 includes the following steps:

[0055] S021: Establish a parametric three-dimensional geometric model of the welding ram. Define the thermally symmetrical reference axis as a straight line passing through the principal axis theoretical axis within the ram's cross-section, and parameterize its spatial position as the design variable Paxis(δ, θ), where δ represents the offset vector of the thermally symmetrical reference axis relative to the ram's geometric center line, and θ represents the rotation angle of the thermally symmetrical reference axis around the ram's geometric center line. δ is decomposed into (dx, dy), and Paxis is transformed into Paxis = (dx, dy, θ), where dx is the X-direction translation of the ram's geometric center line relative to the geometric origin, and dy is the Y-direction translation of the ram's geometric center line relative to the geometric origin.

[0056] ;

[0057] S022: Import the parametric geometric model into the finite element analysis software, establish a thermal-structural sequential coupling analysis model, and apply boundary conditions that conform to the actual working conditions;

[0058] S023: Define the objective function F(Paxis) with minimizing the thermal tilt angle at the end of the ram as its core:

[0059] F(Paxis)=w1·|αy(Paxis)|+w2·|αz(Paxis)|+w3·|D(Paxis)|

[0060] Where αy and αz are the thermal tilt angles (in radians) of the ends of the ram after thermal deformation, extracted by the finite element simulation software, around the Y-axis and Z-axis respectively; D is the extracted thermal offset vector of the ram end; and w1, w2 and w3 are weighting coefficients.

[0061] S024: The design variables δ and θ are automatically adjusted through the optimization algorithm, imported into the finite element simulation software, and a thermal-structural sequential coupling analysis model is established. Iterative simulation is performed, and αy, αz, and D are obtained from the finite element simulation software. These are substituted into the objective function F(Paxis) until the objective function F(Paxis) converges to the minimum value. At this point, Paxis(δ, θ) is the thermally symmetric reference axis.

[0062] In S024, the optimization algorithm can be either the response surface methodology or a genetic algorithm.

[0063] With this setup, by constructing a function F(Paxis) with the objective of minimizing the thermal tilt angle and offset at the end of the ram, and combining thermal-structural coupled simulation with optimization algorithms, an automated iterative cycle of simulation-evaluation-adjustment-resimulation is formed. This significantly reduces the over-reliance on engineers' experience in traditional design, and through systematic exploration, it can efficiently and reliably find global or local optimal solutions, avoiding the blindness and trial-and-error costs in the design process.

[0064] In machine tool geometric errors, the thermal tilt angles (αy and αz) at the ram end are geometrically amplified through the spindle cantilever effect, becoming the dominant error causing significant tool tip drift and severely impacting machining contour accuracy (such as flatness and perpendicularity). In contrast, pure linear thermal offset (D) typically has a smaller impact on accuracy and is more easily partially corrected by the linear compensation function of the CNC system. Therefore, in S023, w1 and w2 are both greater than w3. By making w1 and w2 both greater than w3, the algorithm is explicitly guided to prioritize the use of computational resources to minimize the more harmful tilt angle error. Simultaneously, it is clearly stated that... By assigning higher weight to the tilt angle, the optimization process is effectively prevented from falling into a local optimum that sacrifices a large tilt angle for a small improvement in linear offset. This guides the algorithm to converge more quickly to a design scheme that is truly effective in improving overall machining accuracy. Furthermore, in S023, w1+w2+w3=1. Weight normalization avoids the problem of unbalanced dimensions of the optimization objective caused by arbitrary weight values, making the objective function F (Paxis) a stable and reliable optimization criterion. In this embodiment, the initial values ​​of w1, w2, and w3 are 0.3, 0.45, and 0.25, respectively.

[0065] To simultaneously meet strength requirements, in S03 of this embodiment, two transverse stiffeners 2 are provided on each inner wall of the slide block, and multiple longitudinal stiffeners 3 are also arranged inside the slide block, with the multiple longitudinal stiffeners 3 evenly distributed along the length of the slide block; to achieve effective heat dissipation, in S03, heat dissipation ports 4 are also provided around the slide block, on the transverse stiffeners 2 and the longitudinal stiffeners 3, the heat dissipation ports 4 are close to the heat source and located on the opposite surface of the slide block, the heat dissipation ports 4 are symmetrical about the thermal symmetry reference axis, the slide block is provided with a slide block cavity for the arrangement of liquid, gas and electrical pipelines, all heat dissipation ports 4 are interconnected through the slide block cavity to form a cooling loop around the slide block, thereby dissipating heat evenly.

[0066] In S04, a finite element model of the slide is established, and the heat source load obtained in step S01 is applied to perform a thermal-structural coupling simulation. In this step, boundary conditions that conform to the actual working conditions are applied, including: the heat generation rate of the heat source, the convective heat transfer coefficient between the outer surface of the slide and the air, and the constraint conditions of the connection surface between the slide and the gantry slide.

[0067] S05 of this embodiment includes the following steps:

[0068] S051: Compare the thermal displacement of the tool tip in the model with the thermal displacement of the existing slide tool tip. If the displacement decreases, proceed to S052. If it increases, adjust the weights, decrease the value of w3, increase the values ​​of w1 and w2, and continue to execute S023 to S051 until the displacement decreases.

[0069] S052: Compare the thermal displacement of the tool tip in the model with the preset allowable offset. If the thermal displacement of the tool tip in the model is less than the allowable offset, the design is complete. If it is greater than the allowable offset, proceed to S053.

[0070] S053: Optimize the spacing of the two transverse stiffeners 2, the spacing of the longitudinal stiffeners 3, and / or the layout of the heat dissipation vents 4 on the same inner wall until the thermal displacement of the blade tip in the model is less than the allowable offset.

[0071] With this setup, by introducing a closed-loop feedback optimization mechanism based on the thermal displacement of the tool tip in step S05, an iterative correction process guided by actual machining accuracy is established. When the displacement does not meet expectations, the objective function weight coefficient is adjusted or the rib spacing and heat dissipation port 4 layout are optimized to ensure that the thermal deformation suppression effect accurately matches the tool tip tolerance requirements.

[0072] Example 2

[0073] like Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, this embodiment provides a machine tool slide. The machine tool slide is designed using the above-described method and includes a slide body 1. The slide body 1 has multiple transverse stiffeners 2 and multiple longitudinal stiffeners 3 welded inside. The transverse stiffeners 2 are symmetrically arranged on opposite inner walls, and the spacing between two adjacent longitudinal stiffeners 3 is the same. Heat dissipation vents 4 are provided around the slide body 1, on the longitudinal stiffeners 3, and on the transverse stiffeners 2. The heat dissipation vents 4 on opposite surfaces of the slide body 1 are symmetrically arranged.

[0074] During operation, heat generated by internal and external heat sources is conducted to the slide body 1. Due to the symmetrical layout of the transverse stiffeners 2, the heat is conducted symmetrically to both sides. At the same time, the symmetrical heat dissipation vents 4 uniformly cool the slide, ensuring that the temperature field of the entire slide remains symmetrical. After the slide is heated, the expansion on the left and right sides tends to be consistent, and the deformation in the front and back directions also restrains each other, thereby greatly suppressing the overall thermal deformation of the slide, especially the "bowing" deformation, ensuring the stability of the blade tip position.

[0075] As can be seen from the above specific embodiments, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0076] 1. By symmetrically arranging the transverse stiffeners 2 about the thermal symmetry reference axis, the slide can form a bidirectional balanced heat conduction path when heated. When the heat generated by the heat source is transferred through the stiffener mesh structure, the symmetrically distributed transverse stiffeners 2 can ensure that the heat is evenly diffused to both sides along the axis of the slide, avoiding asymmetrical temperature rise caused by local heat accumulation. This makes the expansion of the slide mutually restrain each other, effectively offsetting the bowing bending caused by unilateral thermal deformation, significantly reducing the thermal drift error of the tool tip, and realizing thermal-structural coordinated control from the source. By measuring and analyzing the existing slide, real data support is provided for subsequent steps. It is no longer based on theoretical assumptions but on the mapping of actual working conditions, thereby ensuring the accuracy of subsequent steps and accurately matching the real thermal deformation law of the slide, improving the accuracy and reliability of thermal management design from the source.

[0077] 2. By constructing a function F(Paxis) with the objective of minimizing the thermal tilt angle and offset of the ram end, and combining thermal-structural coupled simulation with optimization algorithms, an automated iterative loop of simulation-evaluation-adjustment-resimulation is formed. This significantly reduces the over-reliance on engineers' experience in traditional design, and through systematic exploration, it can efficiently and reliably find global or local optimal solutions, avoiding the blindness and trial-and-error costs in the design process.

[0078] 3. By optimizing the weight allocation, the algorithm precisely focuses on the factors that are most detrimental to machining accuracy. By making both w1 and w2 greater than w3, the algorithm is clearly guided to prioritize the use of computing resources to minimize the more harmful tilting error.

[0079] 4. The strength of the ram is ensured by the evenly distributed longitudinal stiffeners 3;

[0080] 5. The symmetrical heat dissipation vents 4 located near the heat source can guide heat to be evenly dissipated from the opposite side of the slide block, effectively maintaining the symmetrical distribution of the temperature field. This not only improves the overall heat dissipation efficiency but also further suppresses asymmetric thermal deformation caused by local heat accumulation, thus strengthening the structural thermal balance capability.

[0081] 6. By introducing a closed-loop feedback optimization mechanism based on the thermal displacement of the tool tip in step S05, an iterative correction process guided by actual machining accuracy is established. When the displacement does not meet expectations, the objective function weight coefficient is adjusted or the rib spacing and heat dissipation port layout are optimized to ensure that the thermal deformation suppression effect accurately matches the tool tip tolerance requirements.

[0082] The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables those skilled in the art to make or use the invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Therefore, the invention is not to be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A design method for a machine tool slide, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S01: Mapping and analyzing the internal heat sources of the slide block; S02: Define the thermal symmetry reference axis in the ram design process. S02 includes the following steps: S021: Establish a parameterized three-dimensional geometric model of the welding ram, define the thermally symmetric reference axis as a straight line passing through the principal axis theoretical axis within the cross-section of the ram, and parameterize its spatial position as the design variable Paxis(δ, θ), where δ represents the offset vector of the axis relative to the geometric center line of the ram, and θ represents its rotation angle around the geometric center line of the ram. S022: Import the parametric geometric model into the finite element analysis software, establish a thermal-structural sequential coupling analysis model, and apply boundary conditions that conform to the actual working conditions; S023: Define the objective function F(Paxis) with minimizing the thermal tilt angle at the end of the ram as its core: F(Paxis)=w1·|αy(Paxis)|+w2·|αz(Paxis)|+w3·|D(Paxis)| Where αy and αz are the thermal tilt angles of the ends of the ram around the Y-axis and Z-axis respectively after thermal deformation, extracted by the finite element simulation software; D is the extracted thermal offset vector of the ram end; and w1, w2 and w3 are weighting coefficients. S024: The design variable Paxis(δ, θ) is automatically adjusted through an optimization algorithm, and iterative simulation is performed until the objective function F(Paxis) converges to the minimum value. At this point, Paxis(δ, θ) is the thermally symmetric reference axis. S03: Using the thermal symmetry reference axis defined in S02 as the axis of symmetry, the transverse stiffeners (2) inside the slide are arranged so that the transverse stiffeners (2) located on the relative inner wall are arranged symmetrically about the thermal symmetry reference axis. S04: Establish the finite element model of the ram, apply the heat source load obtained in step S01, and perform thermal-structural coupling simulation; S05: Evaluate the design effectiveness and optimize the layout until thermal deformation is contained within the tolerance range.

2. The design method for a machine tool slide as described in claim 1, characterized in that, In S01, the internal temperature field of the existing slide under typical working conditions is identified by thermal imaging technology or thermocouple measurement, the location and heating power of the heat source are determined, and the heat flow path of the heat source on the existing slide is analyzed.

3. The design method for a machine tool slide as described in claim 2, characterized in that, In S023, w1+w2+w3=1, and both w1 and w2 are greater than w3.

4. The design method for a machine tool slide as described in claim 3, characterized in that, In S03, two transverse stiffeners (2) are provided on each inner wall of the ram.

5. The design method for a machine tool slide as described in claim 4, characterized in that, In S03, multiple longitudinal stiffeners (3) inside the ram are also arranged, and the multiple longitudinal stiffeners (3) are evenly distributed along the length of the ram.

6. The design method for a machine tool slide as described in claim 5, characterized in that, In S03, heat dissipation vents (4) are also provided around the slide, on the transverse stiffeners (2) and the longitudinal stiffeners (3). The heat dissipation vents (4) are close to the heat source and are located on the opposite surface of the slide. The heat dissipation vents (4) are symmetrical about the thermal symmetry reference axis.

7. The design method for a machine tool slide as described in claim 6, characterized in that, S05 includes the following steps: S051: Compare the thermal displacement of the tool tip in the model with the thermal displacement of the existing slide tool tip. If the displacement decreases, proceed to S052. If it increases, adjust the weights, decrease the value of w3, increase the values ​​of w1 and w2, and continue to execute S023 to S051 until the displacement decreases. S052: Compare the thermal displacement of the tool tip in the model with the preset allowable offset. If the thermal displacement of the tool tip in the model is less than the allowable offset, the design is complete. If it is greater than the allowable offset, proceed to S053. S053: Optimize the spacing of the two transverse stiffeners (2), the spacing of the longitudinal stiffeners (3), and / or the layout of the heat dissipation vents (4) on the same inner wall until the thermal displacement of the blade tip in the model is less than the allowable offset.

8. A machine tool slide, characterized in that, The machine tool slide is designed according to the method described in claim 7, including a slide body (1), the slide body (1) is provided with a plurality of transverse stiffeners (2) and a plurality of longitudinal stiffeners (3) inside, the transverse stiffeners (2) on the inner wall are symmetrically arranged, and the distance between two adjacent longitudinal stiffeners (3) is the same.

9. The machine tool slide as described in claim 8, characterized in that, Heat dissipation vents (4) are provided around the ram body (1), on the longitudinal stiffener (3) and on the transverse stiffener (2), and the heat dissipation vents (4) on opposite surfaces of the ram body (1) are symmetrically arranged.

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